Poaalbllltlee of Bee-Keepln.
Fifty years have witnessed wonder
ful changes In most Industries, but
none greater than have been made In
modern bee culture. In our grandfath
ers' days bees were kept In straw
"skeps," log "gums," and box hives. Af
ter tolling through the long summer to
lay up a store of sweets, the cold days
of autumn saw the bees consigned to
the sulphur pit, while their combs of
faoney were mashed up and hung In a
muslin bag before the Are to drip,
"strained" honey was the result and
sometimes there was a decided flavor
of bee-bread and brimstone.
The Interior of a beehive was a seal
ed book until 1852, when the genius
of Langstroth, by the Invention of the
movable comb-hive, broke the seal and
allowed man to scan the wonderful
pages. This was the' first, the revolu
tionary step of modern bee-culture
the foundation of all subsequent Im
provements. To-day bo culture Is almost an ex
act science. There Is money In the
business and the question Is often ask
ed : "What are the profits of beekeep
ing?" They vary from less than noth
ing (when the bees must be fed, be
cause the weather Is such that no crop
has been gathered) to amounts that are
fabulous. One colony, and Its Increase,
Italian Queen Be. Italian Drone.
In Texas, stored 1,000 pounds of horse
mlut honey In one season. But this Is
decidedly exceptional. Fifty pounds of
comb honey or 100 of extracted would
be considered a good average yield.
The latter sells, at wholesale, from 4
to 7 cents a pound, and retails at about
10 cents. Comb honey wholesales from
10 to 13 cents a pound, and retails at
about 10 cents a pound.
But apiculture does not live to Itself
alone. It has been proved, beyond the
shadow of a doubt, that many crops of
fruits, vegetables and grain are greatly
improved, both In quantity and qual
ity, by the agency of the bees In bring
ing about perfect fertilization of the
Idosaoms. Some flowers remain abso
lutely sterile unless pollen Is conveyed
to them by some mechanical means
from some other blossoms. In the sweet
prlugtlme when the wide-spreading
branches of the apple trees are almost
hidden by masses of pink and white
promises of future frultfulness, many
of us do not realize that all of this
beauty, this sweet perfume, the tiny
drops of nectar nestling among the
petals, are a part of nature's plan for
securing the attendance of those marriage-priests
the bees. Indianapolis
News.
When to Hani Manure.
Several of the State experiment sta
tions have shown by their tests loss of
fertility In barn and stable manure by
the old methods of handling It, which
suggest the Importance of dally or
weekly hauling and spreading on the
fields. The latest experiments made by
the Ohio station prove that when ma
nure was thrown Into the open barn
yard and permitted to lie there for
five months before being hauled to the
field it bad a value of $2.40 per ton.
When drawn directly to the field as
fast as It was made the value was
$3.25 per ton. When the manure was
sprinkled with ground phosphate rock
as fast as It was made In the stable,
thus preventing some loss of ammonia,
the value was $5.18 per ton.
The claim Is made that at least one
third of the value of the manure Is lost
as It Is usually put on the land with a
fork and that ten loads put on with a
manure spreader go as far and do as
much good as fifteen loads put on In the
old-fashioned,' careless way.
Clean Milk.
The slightest degree of filth In a milk
can will Injure the milk, and It Is pos
sible to have portions of the former
milk contained In the cans to be left
over, deaplta the greatest care. First
Vfwsh the cans In tepid water, to which
a little powdered borax has been ad
ded, and then scald them with boiling
vater, adding borax again. Rinse with
dean cold water, and place them where
dust cannot reach them. Borax may be
used freely with advantage In all wa
ter used for milk pan.
Fertilising for Fruit.
The growing of fruit demands labor
at the proper time, and considerable
work Is done before spring opens.
Where growers have combined to keep
Insects and parasites In check the re
sult has been beneficial. If the labor
and cost of fertilizers must be consid
ered It is safe to assert that fruit
growers derive larger profits from rasp
berries and blackberries than many of
them deserve, as It is only when pick
ing and harvesting the crop that tne
real labor Is performed. After such
crops are harvested some fields receive
but little care and cultivation, and It Is
seldom that manures or fertilizers are
applied, thangh the strawberry Is treat
ed differently- Enterprising fruit grow
ers maintain that It pays to give black
berry and raspberry canes good culti
vation, and to apply fertilizers liberal
ly, as the Increased crop of berries and
vigorous vines more than pay the ex
pense. During periods of drought tne
grassy rows of canes must compete for
moisture with Intruders, and It often
happens that a dry period sets In Just
at the time the berries are ripening,
and when moisture 1st greatly needed.
When the soil Is clear of grass and
weeds, and the surface of the ground
loose, the loss from lack of moisture Is
greatly reduced.
Poultry In Pennarlvanla.
On the basis of personal experience
the author of a Pennsylvania bulletin
discusses the feeding and care of poul
try, artificial Incubation, the raising of
ducks, turkeys and geese on the farm,
poultry diseases, and related questions.
A combination of fruit growing and
poultry raising Is especially recom
mended. "Locate your poultry-houses
If possible bo tha the runs will be In
an orchard. The fowls will dest-y
Stlngless Worker. Italian Worker.
thousands of harmful Insects, thus
greatly benefiting the trees and Increas
ing the prospects for fruit, and the
fowls will gain great comfort and bene
fit by the protecting shade of the trees.
Plum trees and cherry trees are espe
cially benefited by the presence of the
fowls about their roots. Peach trees
will grow most rapidly and soonest give
an abundant shade."
Ilnaalan Farniera Coming-.
A crowd of Russian farmers, tho flrnt
of this class of Immigrants to arrive
at rmiaaelpnla In any considerable
numbers, reached there recently on the
American liner Frlesland, from Liver
pool. There were many who had
fought for their country against Japan
and who still wore the military vn
forms In which they had been dis
charged. There were In all 830 "of these much-sought-after
farmhands, nearly all of
whom are members of the Greek orth
odox church. Most of the Immigrants
left last night for Illinois, Minnesota,
Nebraska and the Dakotas. Though
Illiterate, they are Industrious and
thrifty. The leader of the party stated
that, owing to the political and eco
nomic crisis, 300,000 farmhands will
leave Russia this year for the United
States, coming principally from the
Dneiper and Don districts, the richest
farming districts of the country.
Wash Tank and Table.
A vegetable gardener who prepares
a good many vegetables for market
by first washing and then drying has
VEGETABLE WASHES.
devised the plan illustrated for remov
ing the soil and then draining. The
tank Is little more than a water-tight
box with a plug In the bottom for
drainage. The shelf Is attached to the
box with a hinge, likewise the legs, so
that folding In smaller space Is possi
ble. Prairie Farmer.
Bealea on the Farm.
Scales should be used In every house
and barn. There is more money In
knowing than In guessing. The follow
ing proverb should be heeded: "De
liver all things by measure and
weight" Weigh, the stock and grain
and hay, as well as fertilizers, so as
to deal Justly and be fairly dealt with.
In selling live stock the weight Is usu
ally estimated by the drover or butcher
who comes to buy, and long practice on
their part gives them a decided advan
tage over the seller.
lillljs
1 jj TT''ti
3HEAT NEED OF WORLD.
By Rev. Henry Marsh Warren.
"Ye shall be witnesses unto Me.
Acts 1:8.
While our Lord was upon earth the
disciples were not asked to be wit
nesses; they were sfmply to follow
their Master, to listen to His marvelous
teachings and to observe His wonder
ful works. "Ye are my witnesses.
Hereafter you must stand In my place,
take up my work, fight my battles,
manifest my love and gather In my
Jewels." In other words, He then In
trusted to His disciples and to His
church both the honor of His name
and the great work of redeeming the
world for God.
A witness for God must live a Chrlst
Hke life. It Is far easier to stand up
and proclaim that Jesus Is the light of
the world than It Is to live exemplify;
Ing the saying, "Ye are the light of
the world." And by the Christ-like life
we mean representing Christ at all
times and In all places, not only In the
house of God on a Sunday, or in the
prnypr mt!T but fl1o In tho hnrao
and In business and social life.
Another way by which we may be
come faithful witnesses Is by direct and
zealous labor to help the many unfor
tunate people about us. I believe the
church falls In this respect more than
any other. Churches provide well for
the comfort of their members, and our
preachers are able and consecrated men
of God, but Individual labor for the In
dividual soul Is lacking. It Is a wrong
Idea that personal labor and oral wit
nessing for God are for ministers only.
One verse In the Bible beautifully de
scribes the life of Christ, viz.: "He
went about doing good."
This should characterize the life of
His followers. We should "go about
doing good."
"But how," some one may ask, "are
we to do It?" Let me mention two or
three very simple and practical ways
by which we may do good and In so
doing bring the world to know and fol
low God, and so prove that we are
faithful witnesses.
1. By helping those who need help.
There are hundreds and thousands of
opportunities In this great city and
over the world. What they need Is the
helping hand. If the church Is to give
salvation to the masses who are out
side and are living lives of sin and sor
row, she must give her attention to
ministering to the needy.
2. By sympathizing with those who
need sympathy. Jesus was a man of
Borrows and acquainted with grief. He
had a heart of great sympathy and
never failed to express It when occa
sion afforded. The world's great heart
to-day longs for expressions of Chris
tian sympathy. Oh, the opportunities
we have of doing good in the way of
sympathy with those who need It If
we will put ourselves or our money at
His disposal, God will open some portal
through which we may enter and tune
the heart-strings of some discordant
life to play the music of heaven.
And then we may do good by en
couraging those who need encourage
ment A few years' ago a big hotel
was burning and a young woman In
one of the upper stories would have
perished but for the cheers of encour
agement that went up from the crowd
of lookers-on. When the brave fireman
landed his prize safely he said: "You
have no Idea how near I came return
ing without her. It was the cries of
encoruagement that nerved me for the
task."
God only knows how many falterlntc.
trembling weak souls there are to-day
who need Just such a cheer. -How many
times the clouds hang over us, with no
pillar of fire to guide. How many
times we stand by the waters of the
Red Sea, where the angry waves roll
and break, and there seems no way of
escape. Oh, that some strong hand
were then outstretched to save us, and
a kind, gentle voice to encourage and
comfort us.
There are so many who could be
saved from great mistakes and from
falling if the right thine were said and
done In the right way and at the right
time. God help us to be on the alert
(or such opportunities of doing good.
WHAT IS VIRTUE f
By Henry F. Cope.
"Adding on your part all diligence,
In your faith supply virtue and In your
virtue knowledge." II. Peter 1 : S.
Who Is the virtuous person? What
la the virtuous life? Is be the bearer
of no more than spotless life? Is vir
tue the leaving undone of vice? Is it
negation and denial? Then is the pol
ished marble more virtuous than the
fairest saint. Yon cannot be measured
by the things you leave undone.
Is virtue, then, the clamorous erec
tion of some standard of living and
the duly advertised attainment thereto?
Is It even the secret, modest effort of
conformity to a fixed code or rule of
daily living the doing of certain
things In certain ways at certain times?
Is the virtuous life the one that fol
lows precisely the prescribed rules and
schedules of conduct?
The last Is the notion most generally
entertained. Yet how fallacious It Is.
It Is the secret of prlgglshness ; the
standard attained, we have the sin of
self-satisfaction. It converts the man
into a blind machine; your mechanical
moralist Is no more virtuous than any
other machine. He lacks life and free
dom of choice. Virtue Is, first of all.
vital ; It cannot be found with the eyes
abet nor with the will atrophied.
Virtue Is strength; It is moral and
spiritual health It Is not In doing or
leaving undone; It Is not In feeling
either good or bad; it Is not in senti
ments or doctrines, either false or true,
It Is that perfect ordering, adjusting,
and outflowing of the whole inner life
which In Its more material and evi
dent aspects we call health and
strength. The doing, feeling and think
ing flow from this right Inner, deter
minatlng tone.
The morally healthy man will love
the things that are good and pure; he
will loathe the base and defiling. Only
a depraved appetite turns to the garb
age can when there Is a well spread
table waiting. Did we but understand
it we would despise and fear still more
that vicious Inner appetite that turns
the whole life toward things corrupt
and rotten when there awaits on every
hand In this fair -world so much that is
beautiful and wholesome.
Have you ever thought how largely
health and strength depend on tastes
and appetites? Who can be healthy
with a perverted craving to which he
yields? Such tastes depend on train
ing and cultivation. So It is with vir
tue; strength of the soul, health of the
heart lies on the road of the choice of
things that are best Is acquired by
the deliberate and constant choosing of
things that are right, pure, elevating.
.Virtue, then, rests on faith, not blind
belief in certain dogmatic statements,
but the upward look, the noble asplra-
lon, the hlgh-mindedncss that lifts up
the heart It takes this spirit this
faith, this confidence In things unseen
to enable us to choose the best to cul
tivate the taste for the true food of
life. Otherwise the heart that was
meant to feed on the Invisible bread
snatches the evident husks of earth
and it dies.
There Is no virtue without this faith
In high Ideals, In things not seen. A
man may be Just he may be honest
and upright for policy, because It pays,
but he cannot find virtue as a matter
of policy. It Is not In the market to
be bought It Is acquired only as we
set the heart on character, as we learn
to love the good and true for Its own
sake.
This healthfulness of soul comes also
through struggle. Vice is -made to
serve virtue as we strive against It
Using moral muscles, we find and hard
en them. He who flees temptation,
who shrinks from the soul searching
crises of life, misses the best that life
has to give. In the gymnasium of
temptation and trials the full strength
of character Is won. That does not
mean that one must seek out vice; It
means we must meet every foe to his
face.
Count him virtuous whose face Is set
toward the light; who lives on a grade
that leads up; who Is strong to serve
his fellows, to make a better world, to
face and fight all things that spoil and
mar ; who lives not for meat or money,
but for manhood, for truth and beauty.
For virtue is that habit of the soul,
that health that comes from steadily
seeking things good and true, that
strength that comes from struggle and
service; It Is the Inner life victorious
over the outer temptation.
Short Meter Sermons,
Kindness Is a seed that never finds a
barren soil.
Virtue for profit will become vice for
more profit
The best friendship Is that which
brings out the best In us.
What we call destiny often la only
a matter of determination.
If you would lose all force think
always of your own feelings.
The true man fears the power of
sin more than Its punishment
Mending your ways Is the best way
of mourning over them.
If you cannot hate hypocrisies and
evil you are not likely to love virtue.
Many a man who Is proud of being
wicked Is really only weak In the head.
It will not give you wings to have
your name on the fly leaf of the Bible.
An abnormal sense of your own
rights soon will hide your neighbor's
righteousness.
You can never meet the needs of a
thirsty world by packing water on
both shoulders.
It Is a good deal easier to preach
things heroic and divine than It la to
practice things ordinarily human and
decent
bioscience.
Among the peculiar products of Man
churia, which are becoming better
known to the outside world since the
opening of that country, is "wild silk,"
produced by an Insect named Anthersea
parnyll, which lives upon the Mongo
lian oak leaves In southeastern Man
churia. The annual production for a
few years past Is estimated at 15,000,
000 cocoons. In Shantung this silk It
manufactured Into pongee.
In human history a great river hat
sometimes formed a dividing line be
tween peoples possessing quite different
characteristics. Dr. W. M. Lyons, Jr.,
has discovered a similar phenomenon
affecting squirrels In Borneo. He
found eight different forms of squir
rels Inhabiting the northern and west
ern parts of the great Island, and ob
served that a large river proved an
effectual barrier In separating two dis
tinct races.
Dip a thick piece of white absorbent
(blotting) paper Into a solution of 100
parts of oxalic acid In 400 parts of
alcohol ; keep the paper In the liquid
until it Is thoroughly saturated, and
then dry by suspending In the air. Ani
line Ink spots cannot be removed by
this paper. Since, however, ink con
taining Iron is luucli uioie cuuiiuuiiiy
used than aniline Ink, this paper will
be found Indispensable for the office
when once introduced.
Engineers are harnessing many of
the waters of the world to the use of
man. A great project is under way to
catch the floods which rush down the
Western Ghats, near Bombay, and to
use the water power in cotton mills and
other factories. The valleys are of
rocky formation, and, with dams at
the lower ends, can be made Into tight
reservoirs. Three valleys will be closed
In by dams respectively half a mile, a
mile and a mile and a half long.
The automobile omnibus has broughj
about a great change in lutervlllaire
communication In western France. Un
til very recently there was no such
communication except by horse-drawn
vehicles, trolley lines existing only In
tne larger cities. Now a movement Is
rapidly spreading for the Introduction
of autobusses, running from town to
town, and these vehicles are proving
to be very .popular, and a great exten
sion of the system Is anticipated, the
population being dense.
In the desert of Islay, near La Joya,
Peru, there are thousands of crescent-
shaped sand dunes, formed by the
winds, and slowly advancing across the
level surface. Professor Solon I.
Bailey, the astronomer, measured one
dune, the points of whose crescents
were 160 feet apart, while the length
round the convex sde was 477 feet
The width at the widest Dart of tha
crescent was more than 100 feet The
weight of the sand composing the dune
was estimated at 8,000 tons, yet It
moved 125 feet In a vear. All th
dunes have the same form, and all nnv
their convex side toward the prevail
ing south winds.
Ha a;e Foreats of Ialanda.
There are many millions nf
feet In the forests of the Phiiinninoa
that should be cut In order to properly
thin out the dense growth ; for Instance,
where there are three or four trt
growing on a space required for one,
mat one so Treed would put on more
wood each year than the four n.ti,n
The question as to whether 300 or 3,000
trees should remain on an acre la
where the real value Of fW'IpIltlfln
estry Is shown. ' Then, too, there are
many more millions of cubic feet which
reach maturity and Dass off tn
never thrilling to the woodman's ax!
J.nere are, however, very few com
panies In the Phllinnln
equipped to handle large logs, and
wuuout master mechanics, expert gang
bosses In fact, all the skilled
quired and without a full stock of the
oesi supply material, It would be haz
ardous to move the large logs which
must be cut and brought to market If
the forests are to be nronerw nu
A good price Is paid In Hong Kong for
every stick of timber from the Philip
pines, and the American lumbermen
with modern methods can solve the
problem, and In so doinir thov .mi
o - vi til iivfc
only help to educate the adaptable Fili
pino as to practical things, but will in
sure him cash wages, something un
usual in Spanish days.
Campaign B'a and V'a.
"Is It true." nnlriwl th i ,
mi. m J '"iciviewer,
that you have the nnimai i
- 1 UW 111
your hat?"
"No." said the
a-- -"W4i, uinu sage
ly; "but I have the camnAiim v t -
pocket" "
For the nromlnenf man i, ..
that the fond hopes of bis friends were
as nothing to the fim i. . ...
- vi ma
party. Judge.
If a boy earns ten cents, ho
It; he Isn't wllllue to tmt rh
mux allre.