A Home-Made Brooder.
The brooders sold by manufacturers
are unsually all that are claimed for
:liem, but when one desires to economize,
a home-made affair can be constructed
by anyone with a little Ingenuity which
will work nicely. Take two boxes of
convenient size, three feet square by
flfeen or eighteen Inches high Is a good
size, and set one on top of the other,
cutting a hole through ench directly
In the middle. The hole In the bottom
or floor of the upiier bos Is covered
HOME-MADE IWOODEIU
with an Inverted tin pull, or can, which
is perforated at Intervals of two
Inches, using a wlro null for the work
und punching In. Fit this can snugly
over the holo and place the regular
brooder lamp underneath It, resting on
floor of the lower Ihjx. A little door
Is made In the side of the lower box
so that the lump may bo properly at
tended to. The roof of the upper box
Is lined with canton flannel, as are also
the sides, except the front, which Is
left open and across It, three Inches
from the edge, Is nailed a strip (dou
bled) of canton flannel, which Is cut
In strips an Inch wide. A walkway Is
built from the ground to this opening
through which the chicks pass. Essen
tial ventilation may ho had by boring
a few tiny holes In the upper box at a
point furthest away from the lump.
Exchange.
A I'rofltnltle Implement.
Oh soil that Is Inclined to lump up
Some Implement must he used willed
will level the soil readily, and at tho
snmo time crush tha clods. Such un
Implement cun readily be made at horn-;
and he quite as effective as those which
must be bought for the purpose, If one
has a leaning toward manufactured
tlcles. This home-made clod crusher
and soil leveler can me mado of a log
of hard wood by splitting It In half.
The log should he about two feet In
diameter to work to the best advan
tage. Lay the two halves of the log
sldo by side with the rounding part
down and at cither end, about a foot
from the end, spike a two-by-four strip,
letting them project out sumeiontly far
at one side so that an Iron strip or
hoop may ho set over the ends,
Into which to hook the whlllletroo
chains. This Implement can bo mnde
at small cost, and unless the logs are
too heavy a good team of horses can
CLOI-Cl:t'SIIKIt AND I.KVT.I.KIt.
handle It nicely. The Illustration
shows the Idea clearly and how very
simple It Is. Indianapolis News.
Mlicrp Are Uond Fertlllxcra.
When a Hock of sheep Is kept on a
Held the laud will be made fertile In a
short lime, us the sheep not only dis
tribute the manure, hut press it Into
the ground by trampling, the loss being
but little. For that reason it has been
suld that "the foot of the sheep is gold
to the land." A flock of sheep, how
ever, cannot add anything to tho land
other than to prevent waste of materl
als, which they naturally cousiimo and
nre, therefore, more valuable when
they are fed at a barn at night, tho
additional food rendering tho manure
valuable.
German Carp.
A few years ago there was consider
ahlo enthuHiaxm regarding German
carp. A pond covering one acre will,
It Is stated, hold 7,000 carp to growing
condition, If they are fed. Tho carp
will eat anything that a hog will con
sume, even com, and will gain about
three pounds annually until It reaches
12 or 15 pounds. Belonging to the
"sucker" family of fishes, tho carp has
not become popular In this county, and
probably never will, as It Is not very
durable, compared with other varie
ties of fish.
Hoed Crops lm the Orchard.
The best orchardlsts are averse to
growing anything In the orchards but
the trees even when the latter are
young. They argue, and properly, that
the growing trees need all the virtue
there Is In the soil and that If the ap
ple crops In future years are to be of
any value they must 'be provided for
during the earlier years of the trees.
There are fruit growers, on the other
hand, who Insist that a hoed crop will
be of benefit to the trees, and that this
may be conslreded so under certain
conditions and up to certain limits.
If the soil In the orchard Is kept up
to the highest state of fertility so that
the trees will not suffer the want of
the portion of the fertilizer taken by
the hoed crop, then the latter can do
no harm, Indeed, It will be of value
because the soil will receive a certain
amount of cultivation which, perhaps
would not be given It If It were not
for the hoed crop. Work the hoed
crop In the orchard cautiously,
watch the effect on the trees.
and
Carina; for Chick.
When chicks are removed from the
Incubator to the brooder great care
should be taken that they do not be
come chilled. The floor of the brood
er should be covered with fine, clean
chaff. Fine sand and clean water
should be In the brooder from the be
ginning. All the fine, dry bread
crumbs they will pick up every two
hours should constitute the feed for
several days, gradually adding rolled
ont, hnrdlmlled cl'l's. cracked wheat,
Johnny cake, millet seed, etc. Milk and
water should always be kept In the
fountains. When three weeks old
make mashes of bran, meal, middlings,
beef scraps, tnble refuse, all salted to
season and mixed together with skim
milk. Alfalfa leaves may also be
thrown Into the brooder In the place
of straw or chaff. The mash In the
morning, wheat at noon and cracked
com or knfllr corn at night constitute
the main feed to keep tho chicks grow-
ng.
Holder for liar Rack.
I used a pair of the Jointed braces
to a commonplace top buggy, writes
a correspondent. Tho Illustration ex
plains the position of braces on rack
when standard Is un and down,
Fasten braces on outside of standard
and on Inside of bed piece. By taking
brace and trying you can soon tell how
fur buck to fasten It.
Shape of Ideal Dufrr Cow.
Whether she he a llolsteln, a Jer
sey or whatever she uiny be, you will
find the typical dairy cow with bony
head and strong Jaw, long between the
eyes and nose, 'with broad muzzle. She
should have a bright, protruding eye,
which means strong nerve force and
action later on. She should have a
thin neck mid retreating brisket. The
lines above und Mow must not be
straight, or she will steal from you.
She should be slightly depressed be
hind the shoulders with a sharp ehlue
not too straight n backbone. She
must have large organs of reproduction
and largo heart girth, wide between
foru legs mill sharp on shoulders,
which gives large heart action and
strong arterial circulation. And last,
hut by no means least, she must have
u good udder, for one-half the value
of u cow Is In her udder, which should
bo long from front to rear.
Poultry Pointer.
Never refuse a fair price for n bird
that you do not want for breeding pur
poses. At the same time never sell a
good bird that you want yourself.
Do not feed the newly hutched chick
ens too early; wait at least twenty
four hours. There Is sufliclent amount
of feed In tho shell for the chick this
length of time.-
In feeding fowls always keep In view
tho fact that the excess of food over
and above that required for warmth of
body and egg production will be con
verted Into fat. Journal of Agrlcul
ture.
A correspondent of a farm paper,
who was not well satisfied with his
disk harrow while It had the tongue on
It, thus tells how ho Improved it:
I have been using my disk harrow
without n tongue, or rather, I cut the
tongue off Just ahead of the evener,
I find that tins is very much more
satisfactory than to use with the
tongue; In turning all the horses help
turn tho hnrrow instead of the two
polo horses having to pry It around by
tho pole. In addition to this, It takes
the weight off of the horses' necks
when Uiey stop,
'"V
HOLDER FOB THE HAYBACK.
CARL 8CHURZ.
Had Gained an Honorable Place
Among- Oar Great Men.
After having lingered between life
and death with a complication of dis
eases for more than a weeK, can
Schurz, the famous publicist, editor and
statesman, passed away at his home In
New York City.
From a poor Immigrant, landing In
this country when be was 23 years old,
Carl Schurz worked his way upward to
a position In the foremost ranks of pub
lic life. The story of this Immigrant
boy reads more like a volume of Juven
ile fiction, with the hero always good
and true and struggling for high Ideals,
than a recital of incidents which make
up the career of the great publicist As
statesman, soldier, editor and thinker,
Mr. 8churz held the respect of the best
element of this country, and many of
those who fought side by side with him
In the many battles for civic righteous
ness in which he took a leading part be
lieve it Impossible for the country to
measure the full vulue of his services
to It
The life of Schurz was full of ad
venture and Interesting details. lie
was born nt Liblar, near Cologne, Prus
sia, on Mnrch 2, 1821). He was edu
cated at tho Gymnasium of Cologne and
subsequently at the University of Bonn,
which he entered In 1840.
Gottfried Klnkel, poet philosopher
and patriot, who had married Carl
Schurz's cousin, was professor of
rhotorlcs In the university. After the
revolution of 1848 had broken out Kln
kel headed nn insurrection, was cap
tiired und condemned to Imprisonment
for twenty yeurs. Schurz was engaged
In the defense of Uastudt a town and
fortress In Baden, when It was cap
tured, lie hid in a shed for three days
and Anally escaped through a sewer
and made his way to Switzerland and
thence to Paris. There, disguised as
an organ grinder, he effected the rescue
of Klnkel, who accompanied him to
England. Schurz support d himself iu
London for a while, teaching German
and writing letters to German news
papers, before he came to the United
States In 1852.
When Schurz landed In New York he
could neither speak nor write the En
glish language, and the political ban
ners of Pierce and Scott which spanned
Broadway were a sore puzzle to him,
Yet three years afterward he was ad
mitted to the bar in Jefferson, Wis.,
and immediately entered the struggle
against the aggressions of slavery, for
which the Republican party wns rap-
Idly organizing. Schun worked mainly
through the Germans of the Northwest
and five years after landing In this
country the Immigrant boy was nom
inated for Lieutenant Governor of Wis
consin 'and came within 200 votes of
being elected.
In 1858 Schurz took an active part
In the Lincoln-Douglas campaign In Illi
nois, and it was during this that he
formed a friendship with Lincoln which
was ended only by tho death of the
President. In 185U Schurz went to Eos
ton, where he made an address on True
Americanism, which was commented on
all over the country. One reading the
speech -would find It hard to believe
that It was written by a man who sev
en years before could not speak En
glish. A year after making this address Mr.
Schurz was elected chairman of the Re
publican national convention in Chi
cago, and supported the nomination of
Mr. Seward to the last After the con
vention he spoke In various States of
the Union, and on the accession of
Abraham Lincoln to the presidency Mr.
Schurz was apiotnted minister to
Spain. He reached Madrid In July,
but after he realized how great a strug
gle tho Civil War was to be he was
recalled at his own request In Decem
ber he was appointed a brigadier gen
eral of volunteers. Mr. Schurz com
manded a division of the Eleventh
Corps under Howard, fought with Fre
mont and SIgel, and ended his service
under Sherman in North Carolina.
After the war Mr. Schurz was ap
pointed a special commissioner to re
port on the condition of the seaboard
and gulf states, and after that he be
came a special correspondent of the
New York Tribune. In 1800 he became
CARL BCnuBZ.
editor of the Detroit Post and a yeai
later he moved to St Louis, where he
purchased an interest In the Westliche
Post of which he took charge. In 1800
Mr. Schurz was elected United States
Senator from Missouri.
He found himself very soon forced to
oppose the tendencies developed by the
strenuous war period In the party to
which he had been warmly devoted,
and he threw aside the party yoke by
opposing the plans of President Grant
The first open difference came with the
submission to the Senate of the treaty
for the annexation of Son to Domingo,
which he fought with all his energy.
In the Liberal Republican movement
he took a prominent part and was
chairman of the Cincinnati convention
which nominated Horace Greeley. He
was actively engaged In the Ohio can
vass, supporting the election of Hayes
as Governor on. a hard money plat
form, and he also took an active part
In the presidential campaign which re
sulted In the election of Hayes. In 1877
he was appointed to a seat In the cab
inet It was while Secretary of the In
terior that Mr. Schurz put Into opera
tion the principles and methods of civil
service reform, seven years before their
adoption by law.
Although Mr. Schurz held no public
office after his retirement from the cab
inet his Influence in public affairs was
felt almost to the end of his life. He
was a powerful antagonist of machine
politics, and because of his strong fol
lowing his co-operation In all reform
movement wns welcomed.
MlnUterlal Conrtenle.
Wien the Rev. Frank Ritchie of St
Ignatius' Church In New York waa rsc
tor of the Church of the Ascension In
Chicago, he was most popular with
his bishop because of his extremely
high church ritualism and was known
as the "black sheep of the diocese." At
a general gathering of the clergy, Fath
er Ritchie was paired off with the only
colored rector In the bishop's Jurisdic
tion. The clerical wits Joked about It
"The two black sheep of the diocese
walked together," remarked one of
them. The colored brother, a broad
churchman, happened to overhenr the
remark. ,
"I should like' to know what I have
done?" he demanded with rancor.
It was not long afterward that Fath
er Ritchie went to preach In this same
colored rector's church, and he was In
troduced in this manner:
"Father Ritchie will preach this even
ing. Before the sermon we will sing
the hymn beginning: 'My soul, be on
thy guard.' " Everybody's Magazine.
DOWAGER EMPRESS
MAY LEAVE RUSSIA.
The Dowager Empress of Russia Is
said to have decided to leave that coun
try forever. A few weeks ago she
bought the beautiful palace of Hvl-
doere, near Copenhagen, and she has
now bought another country seat in En
gland. Her sister, Queen Alexandra, of
England, It Is said, Is responsible for
this change and the Dowoger Empress
expects to spend her summers in Den
mark with her brother, King Frederick,
and her winters In England.
Method,
"No matter what opinion Is offered,
you express a contrary view," said tho
Impatient friend.
"Well," answered Mr. Bllgglns,
"that's a way I have of acquiring
knowledge. A man Is more likely to
give up all he knows on a subject If
you get him to warm up with a little
controversial Indignation." Washing
ton Star.
Good Hornlna;, Jadn-et
"Who's dat old guy?"
"Dat's me old friend Judge Whelan."
"Yer old friend! I s'pose you an
hlm's vlsltln' acquaintances, eh?"
"No, merely speaking acquaintances.
I know him well enough to say "Good
morn In' to him every few weeks."
Cleveland Leader.
Unpolled.
"Dont you think Brown Is Inclined
to dally with the truth r
"I don't think he ever touches It"
Milwaukee Sentinel.
Pay day comes slowly to a man who
watches the clock.
DOWAGER KMI'UESS OF BUSSIA.
gganvention
Commenting on Benjamin Franklin's
kite experiment which proved that
lightning and electricity are the same, a
scientist says : "It was one of the most
brilliant examples of lack yet recorded.
To attempt the extraction of lightning
flashes from a lowering sky was almost
suicidal. Even at this late day timid
persons occasionally fly to feather beds,
sit on glass-legged chairs, or find refuge
In rubber boots during thunderstorms.
A repetition of Franklin's experiment
cost his immediate Imitator his life."
Emll Jung, a professor In the Uni
versity of Geneva, says that snails per
ceive the odor of many substances, but
only when not far away. In order to
prove this It Is necessary merely to dip
a glaas rod in a strongly smelling sub
stance and bring It near the large ten
tacles of a snail in motion. If It Is put
close to these horns, the tentacles are
violently drawn back. As the animal
perceives the odor, It changes Its course.
Snails also smell by means of their
skin. Contact Is not necessary, for the
mere vicinity of a perfume causes an In
dentation of the skin.
An Englishman who Is a large em
ployer of labor has been Investigating
tue arguments of those who say that u
worklngmun under modern conditions
becomes at an early age vuiueiesa. Ilo
has kept a record of all accidents tlntt
have incapacitated his men for throe
days and upward. The people engaged
In his employment are from 15 to 05
years of age, and he asserts th:.t more
accidents occur to men under .10 than
to those over 50. He says: "I would
much rather Intrust an exceptionally
dangerous Job to a man over 50 than to
one of 30 years of age."
Amateur entomologists will be Inter
ested In a suggestion by Dr. F. K. Lutz
for the preservation of all kinds of
spiders' webs. The webs should be
sprayed from an atomizer with artists'
shellac, and then, If they are of the
ordinary geometric form, pressed care
fully against a glass plate, the support
ing strands being at the same time sev
ered. After the shellac has dried, tiiu
plates carrying the webs can be stored
away In a cabinet Even dome-shaped
webs may be preserved, In their orig
inal form by spraying them with shel
lac and then allowing them to dry be
fore removal from their supports. Many
spiders' webs ore very beautiful, and
ftll are characteristic of the species to
which they belong, so that their perma
nent preservation is very desirable.
Prof. Sllvanus P. Thompson, who re
cently visited the electric plant In Nor
way, where soil fertilizers are made
direct from the atmosphere, descrloes
the apparatus there used as differing
from all others In that the flame of
electric sparks Is caused to move rap
Idly through the air Instead of having
the air blown over It. The result Is the
production of a much greater quantity
of nitric oxld In a given time. The
flame disk," formed between the elec
trodes, swiftly expands and contracts,
being now only half an Inch and now
six feet in diameter. To make nitrogen
burn with oxygen, electric energy must
be pumped In, because, whereas In ordi
nary combustion, such as occurs when
carbon combines with oxygen, heat Is
given out the formation of nitric oxld
Is nn eudothermlc reaction ; that Is to
say, bent Is absorbed. Prof. Thomp
son estimates the nitrogen hanging over
the city of London nlone as considera
bly greater In quantity than all that Is
contained In the nitrate beds of Chill.
CHTJRCH WITH SIXTEEN SIDES.
The curious structure shown in the
cut Is at Richmond, Vt, and It Is one
of the most peculiar church edifices in
Americn. It Is a sixteen-sided build
ing, planned for union services held by
sixteen denominations. It was "built
as long ago as 1813 on the south side
of the Wlnooskl River and Is in an ex
cellent state of preservation, having been
constructed of hand-hewed timber. The
building has not been used for public
worship for over thirty yeaxs.
Lonar-Llved Family.
At Bordlghera, Mme. Verrando Ma
ria has Just died, aged 107 years. She
leaves a sister of 105 and a brother of
102 years. Their father was also a cen
tenarian. There are numerous sure-thing confi
dence gomes, but matrimony Is the
surest
s
mm