UHCOm CflllHH LEADER.
CHAS. F. ADA. X. SOULK, Fobt.
TOLEDO OREGON.
tory. He holds that the doctrine of
human brotherhood is religious, and
that its realization in life Is Impossi
ble without the religious motive, the
motive of obligation to a higher power
than that of physical force.
I '1
A lawyer's fee la due to the other
chap's Ignorance of the law.
This new kissing disease will not
care any young man who has plenty
of sand In his craw craw.
Feople who think this world Isn't
good enough for them are not likely to
be very well satisfied with the next
It Is said that General Kuropatkln
receives a salary of $100,000. The
ghost doesn't walk in his case. It run.
The pointed shoe adds another ter
ror to the young man who is courting
the daughter of the objective old man.
Like all generals who lose, Kuropat
kln was not only whipped by his ene
mies, but it being roasted by his
friends.
The nurse who killed two of her pa
tients by giving them carbolic acid for
water should have her sense of smell
repaired.
The farmer who plants carefully
tested seed corn In a thoroughly inocu
lated field would seem to have an im
mortal cinch.
Lying, the scientific gentlemen say,
is a disease, indicating a defective cir
culation of the blood. Certainly a great
deal of campaign lying Is done In vein,
so to say.
Towerful whistles are to be placed
on our warships. Still, as we are rap
idly growing as a "world power," our
navy will be expected to do something
besides blow.
The German Emperor has Just un
veiled another statue of one of his an
cestors. Let us hope that his ancestors
and the sites for statues of them may
never be exhausted. William might
be doing much worse things than un
veiling statues.
During the Peace Congress in Bos
ton one of the oldest members of the
American Peace Society published in
facsimile his certificate of member
ship, doted Jan. 28, 1871. It was
signed by the Vice President, a Quak
er named John G. Whlttier.
Of course the Immigration commis
sioner's fear of an Influx of Japanese
Immigration after the war may be
well founded, but just now it looks as
if by the time the war Is over they
will have considerable additional room
of their own in which to spread out
One way to deal with railroad
wrecks Is to make it so expensive for
a railroad to malm and kill its patrons
that it can not afford not to provide
for their safety. As long as human
lives are cheaper than soundly con
structed passenger coaches there will
be wrecks and the smoking cars and
second-class conches will always be the
first to be ground Into kindling wood.
Those who are clamoring against
race suicide are all right, but too much
credit must not be given to the mere
fact of birth. According to a recent
volume of statistics issued by the Brit
ish Board of Trade the highest birth
rate is In Iloumanla, 30 in 1,000, but
that country has also the highest death
rate, 27.7 in 1,000. Not the number of
blrtlis but the quality is the important
matter.
Whatever hopes the Japanese orig
inally had of a short war, they are
now preparing for a long and exhaust
ing struggle. Count Okuma is free to
tell his countrymen that they must ex
pect to spend at least 11,000,000,000.
The taxes will be piled on the people,
Internal improvements will be stopped,
even popular education is to be cur
tailed. In Russia the same procedure
will take place, causing even greater
distress to the nation. And. this Is glo
rious war.
Crop statistics for 1004 show that
since 1001 the aggregate value of farm
products of the United States has been
steadily pn the increase. The present
year It reaches the enormous total of
$3,000,000,000, a gain over 1003 of $137,
000,000. over 1002 of $213,000,000 and
over 1001 of $352,000,000. This would
seem to prove beyond any doubt two
Important points first, that the Uni
ted States is the most productive na
tion in the world; and, second, that the
migration cityward has been stopped.
A Jewish rabbi, speaking at the Con
gress of Arts and Sciences at St Louis,
said, "When God added man to Ills
other creations, He made only one, so
that men of future generations might
not say one to another, 'My ancestors
were better than yours.' " The rabbi
also said that his religion does not
teach that in the beginning God made
a Jew, nor does Christianity teach that
God created a Christian first; be de
clared that no religion recognises the
distinctions developed by profane bis-
One of the most interesting sociolog
ical changes in history is now going
on in the housing of people in the
large cities. It Is, of course, generally
known that the proportion of private
dwellings to the number of apartment
houses is decreasing, but it is doubtful
if even the well-informed are aware
how great the decrease has been and
how firmly the new order has become
established. Last year, according to
the records of the building department
of New York, but sixty private houses
were erected in the whole of Manhat
tan Island, whereas in the same period
the number of new apartment-houses
reached into the thousands. The fact
is that nearly all' New York now lives
In apartments, flats or tenements. The
name is determined by the size of the
rent Almost the whole residential
portion of the city is a gigantic honey
comb. The human bees enter their
cells by a common entrance, seek their
separate quarters, and there live In
such degree of comfort as Is possible
under the circumstances. What will
be the effect on the home life? A
chance paragraph in a New York news
paper gives at least one hint at an an
swer. The paragraph notes the lack
of any provision for guests in a mod
ern flat that can be had for a moder
ate rent, and describes the consterna
tion of a young married woman at the
thought of cumpuiiy. Ia llie old-fuhh-loned
home there was no virtue which
shone more brightly than hospitality;
not the hospitality which takes a friend
out to the nearest restaurant or hotel
to dinner, but that which, in the good
old phrase, made him "feel at home."
No more serious indictment could be
brought against the apartment hotel
than that it makes the entertainment
of guests a burden, if not an Impossi
bility. -
A
Fifteen years ago there was hardly a
town in Western Kansas which did not
show many foundations on which no
superstructures had been erected. The
foundations remained uncovered be
cause of the collapse of the boom. Some
of them were small and shallow. Oth
ers were laid broad and deep. The ele
ments assailed them all alike. The
rains washed the mortar from between
their bricks and stones. The frosts dis
integrated the bricks and sto.:e them
selves. Foundations which, If built
upon in the ordinary way would have
endured for generations, fell, in a few
years, into such utter ruin that when
"good tlmea" returned to Kansas it
was In all cases unsafe, and in many
impossible, to erect buildings upon
them. Only small portions of the ma
terial they contained could be utilized
In the construction of other founda
tions. Not unlike the fate which these
abandoned foundations suffered is that
which overtakes the educations which
many men acquire in the schools.
Schools and colleges lay but the foun
dation of education. They may lay it
broad and deep, but if no superstruc
ture is later erected over it the foun
dation will quickly fall to pieces. As
sociation, the mortar that binds the
bricks and stones of the mind togeth
er, will be washed away in time. Ideas,
which are the mind's bricks and stones,
will crumble and fall apart A founda
tion without a superstructure is worth
less. It has no adaptation to Its en
vironment. Nature will not let It long
exist. Ihere are thousands of men
and women who have a smaller sum
total of knowledge and reasoning
power at 30 or 40 than they had when
they threw aside their school text
books. They have erected for them
selves no intellectual superstructure,
and their Intellectual foundation, being
unprotected, Has fnllen Into decay.
THE CITY AND THE f ARM.
By John A. Rowland.
The editor of a great newspaper told me re
cently that nothing which he could print attract
ed the attention in a metropolitan city like a
story of marked success by some original adven
turer upon a farm. . A recent story showing how
a young man had cleared the price of his new
farm in one season's crop brought out more let
ters of further Inquiry than anything printed In
the papers in months. And naturally enough
they were city Inquiries from men who were anxious to
return to nature.
On the farm In summer the city man who goes for a
visit naturally sees the farm at Its best It is the fruit
vegetable, and egg and chicken season the season of fish
ing, and drlvftig, and hay making, according to the Maud
Muller standard and the farmer host as far as possible
slacks up on the season's work and leta his guest see the
glories of the summer. There may be a hay ride in the
moonlight; a drive to the quaint little rustic church and
two hours of old fashioned, refreshing service; everwtoere
the guest's pleasure will be consulted, to the end that when
the city man goes home it will bo with the impression of a
country life that Is one long delght to tired nerves.
On the other hand, the country visitor goes home, tell
ing how the Jones family in the city doesn't know just how
well off it is. According to his Interpretation of It, they are
on the go to places of amusement of all kinds every night
in the week artd spend money like water. He hasn't real
ized that it may have been the first time that the Joneses
had been out In weeks when they broke away with him on
tlie rounds, and he does not know that it may be weeks
more before they may feel able for more of it But In
the meantime it may be pretty safely guessed that .while
each side to the visiting Is considering what an easy, de-
The Difference.
Uncle Jnred and Uncle Benjamin
made a sorry pair. True, there was
blood on Uncle Benjamin's forehend,
and ho looked white and faint But
Uncle .Tared, who tried to support him,
walked with a very pronounced llmu.
displayed only one coat tall where two
should have been, and was rumpled
and bedraggled generally in a way to
suggest participation In a riot
"What's happened to you two?"
asked a townsman.
"That pesky colt of Benjamin's run
away and throwed him Just as I came
along," Uncle Jared answered. "I'm
giving him a lift along towards
home."
"Look as though you needed one
yourself," pronounced the inquisitor.
"What's been bappenln' to you?"
"Who, me? Why, nothln' to speak
of Just been to town to see the big
procession. Got more or less hustled
round and trompe'd on, but " He
stooped painfully to adjust a shoe
which had been ripped open so that
half of the upper flapped as he walked
"Don't see much difference betwixt
ye, Judgln' by the display o' wreck
age," the neighbor persisted.
"There's consider'ble difference, I
take It" Uncle Jared answered, with
conclusive dignity. "Benjamin's met
with a accident, but I've been pleaa-
urin'.".
IN ORDER TO PLEASE BE PLEASANT.
Br Helen Oldtteld.
It is an ondndable fact that a woman's at
traction for men is not regulated by her age,
by her beauty, which ia largely a matter of indi
vidual fancy, nor even by her power to ' draw
attention, since this may be transient It not In
frequently happens that a plain woman is more
sought after than a beauty. It Is the soul which
looks out of the window of the eyes which is
really the center of magnetism, the body is mere
ly the case which contains the jewel. In a ballroom one
sometimes sees queenly creatures in faultless gowns,
"splendidly null," playing the part of wall flowers, while
some bright eyed, freckle faced girl, whose only charm is
the all powerful one of piquancy, has more partners at her
disposal than dances to bestow upon them.
"If you want to have heaps of beaux, you must enter
tain the agreeable features and do the pretty polite." This
advice, given by an old colored mammy to her nurslings,
holds the gist of the whole matter in a nutshell. Courtesy
la the flower of love and good will for all men. "He
who would have friends must show htmsrtf friendly."
People like people who put them into a good Ihumor with
themselves, who say and do the pleasant and the proper
thing, and who never rub one the wrong way. This then,
la the magical talisman which renders one woman infinitely
more fascinating than another; and draws men to her
as though with a magnet. Some may term it individuality,
others may call It her personality, but it is really her atti
tude of mind, her adaptability, and above all the sympathy
which puts her rapport with whoever she meets. Some
women are born with a calui liiJIiTeieiice which ha a won
derful fascination for many men, ' the sort of men who
always desire the unattainable, and who flee the woman
they suspect of trying to attract them. Such a man quickly
wearies of the woman whose chief diversion is himself. A
woman In such an attitude of mind lacks Individuality, she
is nervous and anxious, she lacks repose and self-poise, is
invariably self-conscious, and Is apt to betray the fact
that she Is struggling to make herself agreeable, whereas
the agreeablllty should be spontaneous. This Is indeed the
root of the whole matter, "to be the thing we seem."
Hghtful life the other leads, both sides are tucking in In
dustriously to the inevitable hard work that is In hand
to each.
Man probably never will progress beyond the point
when he is Interested in planting and growing things from
the earth. But It is well for him to know that not anybody
can farm successfully, and certainly few of the elect in
the field can conduct a farm without close application, the
exercise of Judgment and expert knowledge, and at all
times with a dependence upon the seasons that makes the
farmer seem at times a creature of the elements.
WHY ARE CHURCH BELLS RUNG ?
Br Itonrr Laboucker fit. D
Why are church bells rung? The practice la
apparently of mediaeval origin, and I was once
told by one who affected a knowledge of such
matters that the Idea was to drive away the
devils from the scene of divine worship. I can
understand that It might have this effect; but
may K not drive away the sinners, too? Be
sides, it it justifiable to drive away the poor dev
ils? I suppose the Idea is that a rtevlf wmM
omy come 10 cnurcn ror Ui own devilish ends; but I do
not know that we have any right to assume this.
The practice clearly cannot have the authority of the
primitive church, on which modern Christians take their
stand more and more. The early Christians worshiped
mostly in back parlors or in the convenient seclusion of
places like the catacombs, and the last thing they desired,
as a rule, was to obtrude their religious gatherings on the
notice of their neUIiW.s. Nor, when ihe Chrisiian relig
ion became "by law established," was there any reason to
announce the hour of worship by ringing bells. Every
body knew the time of the church services, and if any one
stopped away on the ground that he did not hear the bell
the excuse would have been as little use to him as It would
to a modern schoolboy who failed to get up In the morning
for the same reason.
In point of fact, the bell-less little bethel is often filled
both fuller and more punctually than its haughty neighbor
with the clanging peal. It Is true bells are rung at rail
way stations when a train Is about to start, but this is a
convenience to. the people who are seeking hurried refresh
ment If a peal of bells were set up in a tower at every
railway station and rung for every train there would be an
Insurrection. .
DO WE EAT TOO MUCH ?
By Dr. Androw Wilson.
A comparison of the food required per day
for the support of a man doing ordinary work
reveals certain interesting features. If we take
the mean or average calculations derived from
food tables compiled by three of the most distin
guished physiologists who have Investigated this
question, and making no allowance for water
either taken as water or for that contained chem
ically In the food, and Iil;en-lu neo-iiwH,,,,
- - - o ' - " " !N i " o
nucaiiuu ui aujr waie, we una me average amounts re
quired by the man per day to work out as follows: Nitro
genous food 4.31 ounces, fats 3.53 ounces, starches and
sugars 11.71 ounces, and minerals 1.00 ounce. The total
water free food per day thus amounts to 20.55 ounces.
After all, It is the wise Individual regulation of life
connected with foods and drinks which alone can guide
It in the pathways of health. Each person is a law unto
himself or.herself, not merely In ttie matter of foods and
drinks, but even of the drugs by aid of which the physician
treats our diseases. It Is undeniable that the tendency of
our age lies in the direction of luxury, overfeeding appear
ing naturally as part and parcel of the luxurious mode of
living In which too many of us Indulge. Those who have
experienced the Increased xigor both of body and mind
which results from the adoption of a dietary which Is ust
sufficient for the due development of their bodily and men
tal work and no more, will readily testify to the fact that
the man who overeats loses much of the rational enlov
ment of life. J '
A BLOODTHIRSTY ViCEROY.
Great Power In the Hands of the Chi
nese Baler of Manchura.
The most Interesting figure of the
moment In the east is neither Russia
nor Japanese, but a Chinaman, the
chung-choong, o r
Chinese viceroy, of
Manchuria. To af
ford him a specta
cle, to Impress
him with the might
and potency of clv
Ized arms, Gen.
Kuropatkln halted
his troops at Muk
den. To earn his
approbation and
i-.'i.-tst; victim-, the approval of
Pekin, the Japanese pushed on their
advance north of their natural fron
tier at Llao-Yang. In the hands of this
man, the viceroy of Manchuria, the
Tartar general of Mukden, the keeper
of the Imperial tombs, the guardian of
the sacred palace, lies the key of the
political situation in Manchuria. Fif
teen million Chinese wait the indica
tion of his pleasure. The safety of the
long lines of Japanese communications
from Dalny to Llao-Yang, from the
Yalu to the Taltse-IIo, and of the long
er lines of Russian communications
from Mukden to Manchuria, lies at his
disposition. Quiet of manner and gen
tle of voice, It Is difficult to realize
that the Tartar general of Mukden
condemns to death each year In his ya
men a thousand of his subjects. Each
afternoon of a corresiwiulent's five
months' stay In the province of Muk
den two or three, sometimes five or six
bedraggled Chinamen were decapitat
ed In the barren potter's Held beyond
the little west gate of the capital. In
the outer courts of his yamen he saw
such exhibitions of torture, such bastl
nadolntM and slippering!, such racking
NEW THEBES BRIDGE OVER THE MISSISSIPPI.
This great structure, which connects Illinois with Missouri, known as
the Thebes bridge, is 3.G72 feet in length and consists of spans over seven
piers, exclusive of the approaches. The lower pier is 482 feet above the
level of the sea, and the center span will have a clearance of 100 feet above
high water. The approaches are of concrete, and the entire structure has
cost over $3,000,000. It extends from Thebes, 111., 130 miles south of St
Louis, ou the Mississippi River, to Illmo, Mo., on the opposite bnnk.
of joints and twisting of muscles as
turned his heart sick at the recollection.
Mexico Has a Small Navy.
The Mexican navy at present con
sists of four small boats in the Gulf
of Mexico and two in the Pacific, bo
sides small patrol boats In the south
ern waters. The Democrata, the first
boat bought by Mexico, of 450 tons dis
placement is on the Pacific coast, and
with her Is the Oaxaca, and old sloop
Hgged boat of steel, of about 1,000
tons, but of only seven knots speed,
used as a transport
Two new gunboats Just bought in
the United States, named the Vera
Crui and the , Tamplco, are In the
gulf. They have steel hulls, are 200
teet long, displace 1,000 tons, have
shown a speed of about fifteen knots
and have two four-inch guns and oth
er smaller rapid-firing guns each. Tho
Zaragosa and Yucatan, 1,220 and 650
tons, respectively, the former having
six 4.8-luch Canet guns, are-also in
the gulf, and are used as training
ships for the naval school which was
established at Vera Cruz in 1807. The
Bravo andi Morelos, being built In
Italy, will displace each 1,200 tons.
There are sixty-five cadets at Vara
Cruz, also an arsenal and a small
floating dry dock. There Is a small
wooden dock at Guaymas In the Gulf
of California. -