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EXT spring the city of Buffalo
will throw open to the world the
' gates of an exposition which will
go far toward making Buffalo famous
for something else besides the Niagara
Falls. For two yearn artists, landscape
gardeners, architects and public-spirited
citizens have labored with but one
point of view, to make the Pan-American,
exposition of 104)1 a show notable
among the minor expositions of the
country. It will not be of a class with
the Chicago World's Fair, for to that
stupendous exposition nil the civilized
world contributed Its share. ludeed, the
very name of the Buffalo exposition
signifies that It Is not a world's fair,
but nn exhibition of the products and
progress of all America. Canada. Mexi
co and the States of Central America
will vie with manufacturers and pro
ducers of the United States In the coin
petition for medals and diplomas, and
the exposition will serve to bind still
closer together the peoples of this con
tinent. The aggregate resources of the Pan
American exposition authorities
amount to $.",NOO,000 nnd with this
sum a splendid exposition should be as
sured. The government appropriated
$500,000 for the government exhibit,
the State of New York added $300,000
and In addition there is an authorized
capital of $2,500,000 and an authorized
bond Issue of the same amount.
In June, 1N1M, the national govern
ment, through the Department of State
at Washington, Issued invitations to
the foreign nations of the western hem
isphere to participate lu the exposition.
OthVlal acceptances have already been
received from Canada, Mexico, Hon
duras, Nicaragua, Salvador, Guate
mnla, Guadaloupe, Dutch Guiana, Bo
livia, Argentine Itepubllc and Chill. In
official assurauces have been received
that the other South American coun
tries will accept the invitation as soon
as the necessary forms of legislative
sanction have been compiled with.
General I'lun of Ki poult Ion.
The exposition grounds Include 350
ores, of which 133 acres are Improved
park lauds, a part of Delaware park.
The grounds are about one mile from
north to south and a half mile from
east to west. Their situation Is In the
northern part of the city, accessible
from every direction. The park lands
form the southern part of tlie exteuslve
grounds and are pronounced by expert
landscape architects to be nuiong the
most beautiful lu the world. The trees
and shrubbery In wonderful variety,
tho romantic footpaths leading In all
directions among the thick foliage, the
loveliest of lakes, on whose surface
numberless swans and other water
lowl of Immaculate plumage are con
stantly at sport, the wide reaches of
lawn and the rich embroidery of flow
ers everywhere to be seen nil combine
to refresh and restore the mlud of him
who tarries within these delectable pre
cincts. The visitor who aouroachea the expo-
t' z " - . .
sitlon from the south will enter the
grounds on Lincoln parkway, a broad,
beautiful, shaded boulevard. Crossing
the triumphal bridge, which will be
one of the artistic beauties of the
grounds, the visitors enters the esplan
ade, an Immense open space which will
accommodate 2i0,000 people and in
which it Is designed to carry out vari
ous ceremonies during the exposition,
at which a great concourse of people
may attend.
The visitor U now fairly within the
grand court formed by the main group
of exposition buildings. The court is of
the shape of an Inverted T. The ap
proach, fore court and bridge are about
1,000 feet in length. 300 feet wide. The
main court Is 2,000 feet long, 500 feet
wide, and the transverse court, across
the esplanade. Is 1,700 feet from east
to west. On either side of the trium
phal bridge are the mirror lakes. These
are a part of the grand canal, which
completely encircles the great group of
buildings, and upon which the visitor
may ride In one of the many electric
launches or take a more leisurely trip
la a Venetian gondola. The canal Is
lined with young trees and banked with
gras.i on Its outer edge. Picturesque
bridges cross It at many points.
Standing on the esplanade and fac
ing north the great group of buildings
at the right, at the extreme east end
of the transverse court, are those of
the federal government. The main
building. In which will be sheltered a
greater portion of the government ex
hibits, Is 000 feet long by 130 feet wide.
A central dome rises to a height of 250
feet above the main floor and Is sur
mounted by a statue of Victory, twenty
feet high. The lesser buildings, each
150 feet square', are west of the main
building 150 feet on the north aud
south lines of tho main structure.
Curved colonnades connect the smaller
buildings with the greater, forming a
spacious semi circular court opening
to the west The government exhibits
will Include the aquariums and Ichthy
ological collection of the United States
llsh commission nnd extensive collec
tive exhibits from the Philippines, Por
to Rico and Hawaii.
At tho far western end of the broad
transverse court Is the horticultural
building, 220 feet square, flanked on
the north by the graphic arts building
and oa the south by the forestry and
mines building. They are connected by
circular arcades, forming a broad court
similar to that inclosed by the govern
ment group. Behind the arcades are
the conservatories. The Esplanade Is
made beautiful with fountains, sunken
gardens, pergolas and colonnades.
Immediately north of the Esplanade
Is the court of the fountains. At the
right is tho ethnological building and
at the left the music building, each 150
feet square. The court of the foun
tains Is to be the great center piece of
the exposition. Here the principal elec
trical displays are to take place. The
court Is to be Illuminated at night with
the diffused light of more than 100,000
position
incandescent electric lamps, the dis
tribution being so perfect that there
will be no shadows. Colors will be ex
tensively employed to produce fantastic
effects. The huge steel tower, 350 feet
high, which stands at the north end of
the court of the fountains, will be used
In the production of extraordinary elec
tric features. One of these will be an
electric waterfall thirty feet wide and
of seventy feet descent, from a niche
in the tower. The tower itself is of im
posing design and Intricate workman
ship. The many foundations In the
great basin of the court will be made
beautiful at night by means of electric
lights of all colors. The very extraor
dinary electrical features of the expo
sition are made possible by the fact
that electric power from the largest
power plant In the world, at Niagara
Falls, Is to be provided In unlimited
quantities. This -power plant is only
half an hour's ride from Buffalo and Is
one of the great sights for visitors to
the exposition to include In their itiner
ary. Opposite the court of the fountains
the the two big buildings of the exposi
tion, the machinery and transportation
building on the west and the manufac
tures building on the east. These are
each 500 by 350 feet and each has a
beautiful tropical court with an
aquatic pool in the center.
Some of the Building.
From here a broad avenue shaded by
poplars, called the Mall, extends be-
tween the agricultural and electricity
buildings aud beyond them are the
manufacturers building and ten acres
devoted to live stock exhibits. Head
quarters of all the otllcials of the expo
sition will be In the service building,
which Is close to the machinery and
transitortation building, one of the most
Important structures of the exposition.
The massive steel tower divides the
court of the fountains from the Plaza.
It stauds in a large aquatic basin and
a picturesque bridge ouables the vis
itor to reach it from the Plaza. In the
tower, at the height of seventy feet, Is
a large restaurant. There are prom
enade floors at various heights and a
balcony near the summit, from which
a bird's-eye view of the exposition, the
city, Lake Erie. Niagara Klver, and
opeu country may be obtained. All the
floors are reached by menus of eleva
tors. The Plaza is 500 feet by 350 feet.
Standing at the tower building, at the
right, is the stadium building, 341 feet
long by 52 feet wide, with towers 104
feet high. This ornate building forms
the entrance to the athletic tlcld or
stadium, wltere 25,ooo people may be
seated to witness the high-class ath
letic contests to be provided. The nth
lectlc carnival of 1001 Is Intended to be
the greatest ever given in America.
Of course there Is a Midway. No ex
position would be complete w ithout ime
after the world-famous "Midway" of
the Chicago exposition of IStS.
The original bunko man probably
came over lu tho steeia-c.
AMERICAN POCKETKNIVES.
Greater Proportion of Those Bold Here
Now Made in This Country.
Of the millions of pocketknives annu
ally sold In this country probably 75
per cent, of the jackknlves and other
heavy varieties are now made here, and
this proportion is increasing; while
taking the total sales more than 50 per
cent, of the knives in value are now
made here, and this proportion also Is
increasing. Fine penknives are Import
ed from England and Germany; the
cheapest Jackknlves, cheaper and poor
er than aoy made here, come from Ger
many. Pocketknives have teen made in this
country for many years, and there are
now here some scores of factories for
their production. The uewest branch
of the manufacture here is that of fine
penknives, which have been made In
this country only about foity years,
and have come into their present large
and extended use only within about
twenty years. There are penknives of
English make that have been made con
tinuously under the same names for
more than a hundred years; so that tho
making of such knives In this country
is something comparatively modern.
The American penknife, if not now ac
tually the best in the world, is at least
the equal In quality, style and fluish of
any produced anywhere.
Pocketknives are made in almost end
less variety. One American concern
makes 700 different sorts, which vary
in kind, shape, size, number of blades,
kind of handle, style and size of bolster,
and so on. The best pocketknives hv
hand-forged blades. Great as is the
variety of pocketknives now made here,
a still greater variety Is made in Eu
rope, where the Industry has been
longer established and patterns and
designs have accumulated; and the
greater number of the odd knives, con
taining corkscrews aud various other
Implements, still come from there.
A flue penknife of the best quality
nnd handsomely mounted Is still more
or less of a luxury; it might cost at re
tail anywhere from $1 to $3 or $4. One
bladed jackknlves can be bought at
wholesale for seventy-five cents a doz
en; fine penknives run up to 530 a dozen.
New York Sun.
Some of the wooden churcnes of Nor
way are full 700 years old, and are still
In an excellent state of preservation.
Their timbers have successfully resist
ed the frosty and almost arctic winters
because they have been repeatedly
coated with tar.
All the flags for British ships of war,
except the royal standards, are made
In the Government dock yards, and the
enormous number required may be
Judged from the fact that In the color
loft at Chatham alone about 18,000
flags are made In a year.
Four persons out of every 3,000 men,
women and children In the United
States are either In Jail, or out on ball,
or are fugitives from Justice. Their
total number Is 90,000, out of a popula
tion estimated at 70,000,000. Only 6
per cent, of all. those who have fallen
foul of the law are women.
People are right or left eyed Just as
they are right or left handed, and Just
as the right hand Is usually the more
powerful, so is the right eye. Only one
person in ten is left sighted. It is very
probable that the use of weapons dur
ing countless ages has had something
to do with the extra power of the right
eye.
At Maseall, near the foot of Mount
Etna, is to be seen the largest tree in
the world. Its trunk Is 304 feet In cir
cumference. The largest tree In the
United States Is said to be the gigantic
tree near Bear Creek, on the north fork
of the Tule River, in California. It
measures 140 feet In circumference.
The famous giant redwood tree In Ne
vada is 119 feet In circumference.
A curious fishing wheel Is used on the
Columbia River, near Portland, Ore. It
Is fixed near the bank of the river, a
place being selected where the river Is
most rapid. The wheel consists of
three receivers. These are Inclosed on
three sides by wire netting, and, as the
wheel revolves by means of the current,
each receiver Is submerged beneath the
water, and scoops up the salmon as
they Jump the rapids.
The clock on the Philadelphia City
Hall Is the highest In the world, and
has the largest dials. If the dials were
removed, there would be space for two
trains to pass each other, running
through. The glass In the four faces Is
fastened by a ton of cement. The glass,
If laid on the ground, would make a
walk a square long and ten feet wide.
The minute hand finished Its year's
Journey on New Year's day by complet
ing a 110-niIle trip.
Amrrlonn Ambassador in Court Dress
The Philadelphia Record hears from
St. Petersburg that Charlemagne Tow
er, the United States Ambassador at
that court, has donned gold stripes on
full-dress occasions, instead of the con
ventional black that his hitherto dif
ferentiated American diplomats. A re
proof from the Graud Duchess Fau
lovna Is reported to have led to tat
chance
Obedience.
"Katie," said her mother, with soma
. sternness, "put that book away. Yoo
are too young to read romances. Be
' sides, this is Sunday. If you want
something to read, take your Bible."
I At the end of half an hour Katie's
; silence became oppressive.
What are you doing, Katie?"
"I'm reading the beautiful romance
of Ester in the Bible. That's what
I'm doing." Chicago Tribune.
Kevolutlon In Water Travel.
Experiments lutve proven that vessels,
lined with propellers which imitate the
lish's tin, develop tc remarkable propelling
power, it will cause a revolution in water
i ravel. Men gradually learn that Nature's
ways are best. One cause of the remarkable
success of Hosteller's Stomach Bitters
springs from the fact that it is a harmless,
natural medicine, made of Nature's most
strengthening herbs. It is a sure cure for
constipation, imliirestinn, dyspepsia, bili
ousness or weak kidneys.
Hay differs greatly in weight and
quality. Ripe timothy hay is the
heaviest, about 400 cubic feet, well
packed, being estiinatetd as weighing
a ton. If cut when in blossom a ton
will take up about 480 cubic feet.
Mixed with clover a ton will vary from
450 to 500 cubic, feet. Clover hay re
quires about (150 cubic feet to a ton.
Of pea vine hay about 800 cubio feet
make a ton. About 700 cubic feet of
meadow hay is the estimate for a ton.
These estimates are not strictly reli
able, however, as something depends
upon how closely the hay is pressed in
the stack or mow.
PARIS IN 1900.
For tliG boii u fit uf IIjuau who intend
visiting Paris during the exposition,
the Rio Grande Western railway has
gotten out an attractive folder illustra
tive and descriptive of the main features
of the exposition. It contains some
valuable hints for intending visitors
and descriptive articles upon Place de
La Concorde, Arc de Triumphs, the
Madeleine, the Column of July, the
Jrocadero, Hotel de Ville, Column
Vendome, the Louvre, the Grand opera
house, the Bourse and the tomb of Na
poleon, in addition to a bird's eye view
of the exposition grounds. The folder,
or pamphlet, is gotten out in handy
form, and is written in a pleasant and
attractive style. It, in fact, gives in
little space everything one going to the
exposition would like to know before
starting on his journey.
For copies of the Paris exposition
folder and other advertising matter
descriptive of the Rocky mountains'
famous scenery, tributary to the Rio
Grande Western railway and its con
nections, write
J. D. MANSFIELD, Gen'l Agent,
253 Washington St., Portland, Ore.
Worth Remembering'.
The man whom you dislike is one of
the men God loves. Boston Congre
gationalism Mothers will find Mrs. Winslow's Sooth
ing Syrup the best remedy to use for thei
children during the teething period.
Twenty-four men have each served 20
years and upwards in the United Statei
senate.
Carter Ink Ii Used Exclusively ,
by the schools of New York, Boston and
many other places, aud they won't use any
other.
The horseless carriage goes; but the
newsless paper doesn't.
Streaky or mottled butter may be
due to the salt or the working of the
butter. In the finest quality of butter
the salt is so evenly diffused that, as
appears under the microscope, every
grain is surrounded by a film of cleat
and transparent brine, which shows the
necessity of avoiding the overworking
of the butter before the salt is added.
In the first working every particle of
the milk should be gotten rid of, but
enough clear water should be left to
dissolve every grain of salt in 12 hours
before the next working. If this is
done there will be little danger of
streakiness in the butter, but to get the
best results the salt should be very
finely ground.
The Mimical Lion.
Said the lion: "On music I dote,
But something is wrong with my throat.
When I practice a scale,
The listeners quail,
And flee at the very first notel"
Oliver Uerford, in St. Nicholas.
Some weeds are valuable food for
hogs, and if cut down or pulled up and
thrown into the hog-pens can be util
ized to advantage. Tigweed, purslain,
ragweed and voung poke weeds will be
highly relished by hogs, as will also
lamb's quarter, which grows nearly
everywhere.
In boiling meat for soup put cold
wator to it and let it come slowly to a
simmer to extract the juice If meat
is boiled for itself alone put it into
boiling water, which causes the outer
surface to contract and the richness of
the meat is retained within.
Farmers will take extra pains when
Feeding a crop, but their greatest loss
is in not harvesting at the proper time.
The longer a crop remains on the
ground after it is ready or matured the
more woody fiber or indigestible ma
terial it will contain.
Green corn and lima beans deterior
ate more quickly than any other vege
tables; they should be spread out sing
ly on the cool cellar floor as quickly as L
possible after they come from the mar
ket.