LINCOLN COUNTY LEADER
CHA8. F. & ADA E. SOCLE, Pubi.
TOLEDO OREGON
The plain people of this country have
lad an elegant sufficiency a surfeit, in
tact-of "Puerto."
It Is all right to talk about a mother's
levotlon,but why Isn't more suid about
i father's fidelity?
We Lever seem to think It odd that
the man who needs work cannot afford
to indulge in a loaf.
A curious thing about baseball Is that
Hie umpire who does the least growl
ing Is the one that has to wear a niuz
tle. When a man Is referred to now ns "a
reteran of the war" It Is necessary to
eclfy the war civil, Spanish or Ken
iucky.
The prevalence of strikes would
leem to indicate that capital and labor
eed a "live and let live" wage com-
nlttee.
It's an ill wind that blows nobody
my good. The South African war has
limply been the making of the Amerl
tan mule.
Talking of the strength of trusts
Name one If you can stronger thnn that
combination of liniburger cheese mak
ers In New York State.
If people who tell stories would not
llways begin by saying they are good
Dr funny there would be fewer disap
pointments In th's woild.
A girl in Jersey City killed herself be-
tause she believed what a fortune-tell
er told her. It did not occur to her that
It was dependent on herself what would
happen.
Ex-Queen Lit announces that she Is
poing to move out of this country and
never come back again. Now Is the
time for all good Americans to give her
I hearty eluer.
More tree-planting Is always desira
ble. As it Is the wood game of this
country has been nearly killed off. It
would be terrible if finally we had to
go hunting for forests.
A pair of Kentucky elopers locked the
bride's father In a church while they
hurried to the altar. It Is hoped that
the old gentleman said or thought noth
ing Inappropriate to the place.
"Carrying coals to Newcastle" Is no
longer a joke. Some of the 2,000,000
tons of American coal contracted for
by Walter Parrott, a London banker, Is
destined for the town which was so
long the coal center of (Swat Britain.
The United States now sends to othei
countries every year more than 200,
DOO.OOO bushels of Indian corn. That Is
probably the largest item in the whole
world's International provision trade,
ind one of America's most valuable
material gifts to mankind. '
As against the statements that the
Philippine climate Is not fit for a white
man to live In, we have the testimony
of the paymaster at Hollo, who says he
has In his hands over $200,000 .leposlt
rd by American soldiers who Intend,
when their term of enlistment lias ex
pired, to settle In the Islands and take
advantage of the numerous busiuotis
opportunities there. ,
No difficulty Is experienced In making
out a rather Imposing list of Chicago
millionaires who have removed to New
York. It would be easy to make up a
like list of New York millionaires who
have removed to Euroiean capitals.
The reason for the removal Is perfectly
plain. Chicago Is a poor place for au
Idle man. New York Is better, IaiiuIou
tud Paris are best. In the latter cit es
being Idle constitutes a recogulzed oc
cupation, provided one has enough
money. Heme eastward the million
Ire takes his way, and the richer he Is
the fui titer he goes.
A hint of the next fad or fashion In a
curative way may be found In au ex
periment performed at Bellevue Hos
pital In New York. A physician named
Sprague has Invented an oven, which
bears his name, and Into which the
patient Is Inserted all except his head
and subjected to a temperature which
under other circumstances would suf
fice for a barbecue. The heated air is
withdrawn as rapidly as It becomes
ladeu with the perspiration of the pa
tient, and the process Is further encour
aged by giving the victim constant sips
of water. After he has been baked
long enough to be well done he Is
taken out, rolled In heavy blankets, and
finished off with a vigorous massage.
It may be called a concentrated form
of the Turkish bath. If there Is any
ort of badness which lr. Spraguo'9
apparatus will not draw out of n man It
must be of a kind thatvioeds a preacher
rather than a doctor.
A 1-ouIkImiiu correspondent of the
hew York Suu notes au Interesting lu-
dustr'al change that 13 rapidly taking
place in certain sections of the South.
The advent of Belgian, German, Dutch
and French immigrants is changing the
agricultural status, especially in Louisi
ana. These uewscomers are thrifty and
practical farmers and truck gardeners,
accustomed to make the most of every 1
square foot of their ground. The great :
plantations of other days are being
broken up into small farms averaging !
thirty acres, for which the Belgian is
willing to pay $10 an acre. Under the ,
old one-crop system the planter was I
content if he got a gross income of .$40
or $50 a year per acre from his cotton
or corn. The Belgian thinks himself ill-1
used if he does not get $100 a year, and j
he often gets $200. This he does by a
constant rotation of crops of every sort.
The Sun correspondent says these new
Inhabitants are prospering so well and
are Increasing so rapidly that they are
changing the whole economic aspect of
Southern garlcultural Interests. They
are producing the early vegetables,
strawberries, fruits, and melons that
now come in increasing quantities from
the South, and at the same time they
are crowding out the negro. Their In
tense, patlont, and ceaseless industry
has nothing In common with the easy
going ways of the colored population?
If they hire help they want men drilled
In the hard European school, who are
willing to work from daylight to dark
every day in the week and to live as
frugally as themselves. In such a sys
tem the negro cannot hold his own and
Is being crowded back upon the plan
tations where the old and shiftless
uieuiuus biiil prevuii. Appureiiuy liie
blacks of the South are in immediate
contact with an important phase of the
immigration movement'
When Horace Fletcher proposed a
complete moral quarantine for waifs,
and an endeavor to bring every child In
the community under educative and
moralizing Influences, he was met by
the cry: "It Is Impracticable! Besides,
It would cost so muchj" The problem,
How to deal with "the bad," has im
portant economic aspects. In truth, ti e
moral waste in llje human rubbish
heap that may be found In every city
Is only the darker side of a huge soelnl
loss, of which the lighter side Is ma
terial waste. The Inipoitunce of sav
ing souls needs not to be urged. If one
believes In a soul at all, he lelieves,
theoretically at least, that it Is wo.th
saving nt any cost. But, practically,
the work of human salvation Is ob
structed on the one baud by economic
parsimony, and on the other by econ
omic prod'gality; and both of these are
opposed to a rational economy. There
are two or three truths that ought to
be obvious to all intelligent people, but
to which many are strangely blind. The
first Is, that society must bear the cost
of taking care of "the bad." There Is
no option. They are a class which can
not be Ignored or shaken off. They are
like the "old man of the sea." The
second truth Is, that the present meth
od of restraint Is not only ludicrous'y
Ineffective but also very costv What
au Immense number of Ins'.ilut ons
society has created to protpct itself
from the menace and mischief of Its
own product police, sheriffs, court',
ja.ls, penitentiaries. reformatories,
pool-houses, executions and the like!
All these are exp n he; in the aggre
gate they cost a vast sum Add to this
the cost of thousands of organizations
for reform and for mitgatliig the evil
and distress caused by the deprava
tion of human life bethels, rescue
homes, asylums, relief societies, feder
ated charities, et Id onime genus. Final
ly, ndd the economic loss caused by the
unproductiveness of "the bad'' and of
those who guard them. This entire sum
of cost to society Is sufficient to caie
effectively for the moral training of
every neglected child and leave at least
a fourth part of the money unused.
This Is no mere guess. Careful esti
mates have been made which fully jus
tify the statement that the present ex
penditure for Imperfect restraint of
evil would be sufficient for effective
prevention. Our moral blunder Is a'.so
au economic bluuder of the gravest
sort. But Is prevention possible? A
single Instance may be cited In reply,
namely, Dr. Bernardo's work on behalf
of the waifs In Loudon. Before he be
gan his work, these, almost without ex
ception, were recruiting "the bad."
Out of nearly ten thousand cases there
has been a loss of less than two in a
hundred. The rest were saved to de
cency, health, morality and economic
productiveness. Those who seek the
salvation of the world will work with
divine effectiveness when they see
clearly what this means; "A little child
shall lead them."
Saerctt Ox.n of Ceylon.
The snored oxeu of Ceylon are de
scribed by a recent writer. The largest
specimen never exceeds thirty Inches lu
height The Marquis of Canterbury
has one presented to him In 1S1H, which
Is now about ten years of age, and ouly
twenty-two Inches tall, Notwlthstandv
lug their smalluess, they are very use
ful lu Ceylon, where, It Is said, four of
them are able to draw a two-wheeled
cart with a driver and 200 pounds of
merchandise, sixty or seventy miles lu
a day.
Three dangerous courses the course
of time, the course of true love uud
the rucu course.
USES OF VARIOUS PROJECTILES.
The FurpoRCa of the Different Kinds of
.Uell Used in "War.
The nature and manufacture of the
projectiles used by artillery la South
Africa Is naturally a subject of consid-
l'rable interest at the present time. The
lar'er Part of the ammunition of the
British forces Is being manufactured
nt tllB Woolwich arsenal. The p.ccure
"ows the character of the shell turned
out-
" 1111 tlle Introduction of rifling to
,arse oruname, tne projaet.ie, nitnerto
round, became, of necessity, elongated,
wltn tne addition of studs fixed upon
Jt t0 "take" the rifling. This system
was found so wasteful, as regards the
wear of the gun, besides leading to loss
of power from windage, that the intro
duction of the copper driving-band or
gas-check followed as an inventive
matter of course.
Under the regime of the muzzle-loading
gun, this was impossible, but the
advent of the breech-loader permitted
the use of a projectile larger in parts
than the bore of the gun. To put It
tersely, the breech chamber can be
made larger than the remainder of the
barrel, thus admitting the shot, pro
vided with a gas-check. This latter con
sists of a flat band of copper, forced by
tremendous hydraulic pressure on to a
groove In the base of the projectile.
SHKI.L9 READY FOU USE.
When the explosion occurs the shot Is
forced Into the bore, which It accurate
ly fits, while the slightly larger copper
baud Is molded under the stress of the
exploding cordite to the shape of the
rifling. The mass of metal is forced by
this method to revolve as It leaves the
barrel, which It continues to do
throughout its course In mid-air.
The greater number of projectiles are
of cast steel, and the process of casting
Is one of great Interest. Masses of
molten metal are poured from huge re
ceivers Into molds from which emerge,
when cool, rough castings very differ
ent from the smooth shell with which
every one Is familiar. These are turned
In a lathe until they are sufficiently
smooth for painting, when they have
the copper baud applied.
The projectiles vary considerable In
size, from that required by the tiny
seven-pounder to that necessary for the
service of the monster 10.23 gun, the
110-tonuer. This mass of metal weighs
three-quarters of a ton, stands 4. feet
0 Inches high, and Is propelled by a
charge of 8J0 pounds of powder, cor
dite not being used for these guns.
Boughly speaking, shot of all kinds
fall Into four groups, viz., armor-piercing,
common shell, shrapnel, and case.
The first named Is made of cast steel,
with an exceedingly hard point. Its ob
ject, as Its name Implies. Is to penetrate
the armor-plate of an Ironclad and
then to burst; hence It can always be
recognized In pictures by Its having a
sharp point Instead of a flattened nose.
The bursting charge is comparatively
small, and these shot are provided with
a fuse lu the base.
Common shell are merely traveling
mines, fired from a gun and made to
contain as large a bursting charge as
possible consistent with sufficient
strength to avoid breaking up In the
bore of the guu after tiring. They are
therefore merely hollow skins of cast
steel filled with either cordite, powder
or lyddite. They are flat-nosed, and
have two varleltes of fuses, either time
or percussion; that Is, a shell can be
timed to explode practically when de
sired, the velocity being known, or It
may be made to explode against shelter
trenches, etc., by Impact.
Shrapnel, luveuted by (Sen. Shrapnel,
and first used nt the battle of Vimlero,
consists of a thin Iron case fill.d with
bullets set In resin. The bursting charge
Is contained In a tin at the base, to
gether with the fuse, while the head
and nose of the projectile are strength
ened to make it capable of being rough
ly handled. It Is especially a man kill
ing missile, the case fly lug off at a
range of 4,000 yards, while the bullets
search out an area of about 120 yards
: at that range. With the exception of
1 a few common shell and fewer cases,
I all European horse and field artillery
corps are mainly provided with shrap
I nel. Modern tnctlcs lay down as at
, axiom that soouer or later troops must
advance In the open, and hence a pro
jectile like shrapnel Is most useful
Against shelter trenches It Is, however,
of little use, and artillery firing It are
outranged by an enemy tiring common
I shell, for the reason that It breaks up
at 4,000 yards, while common shell does
not. To sum up, against an nemy who
"play the game," shrapuel Is "facile
prlnceps," but against one who does
not It is distinctly at a disadvantage.
Case shot are simply flat-headtd cyl
inders of thin Iron, filled with bullets,
and this missile Is never used save In
the direct emergencies. The horses of
the battery are all down, and the per-!
sounel, with orders to delay the enemy '(
at all costs, see that they must die
where they stand. They load with case,
and at a few hundred yards' range dis
charge their stream of bullets Into the
midst of the advancing savages. (The
word savage is used avlsedly, as
against modern troops armed with the
tlcable-as witness the artillery loss at !
the Tugela battle
In heaps of shell it will be noticed
that their bases have ropes twisted
round them. This Is for the purpose
of protecting the safe copper gas-check
from any risk of Injury during transit, !
and ls removed when the shells arrive
at the magazine. Filling shell, although
apparently a delicate operation, Is by
reason of the precaution taken, a safe
one; for the interior cf the projectile Is
lacquered to prevent friction, while in
the larger ones the charge Is Inserted
lu bags.
It ls Impossible for the British Gov
ernment to turn out sufficient shell for
all numoses: hpnee the trade ls larcrolv I tt
laid under contribution. No less than 1
8,000 shell of. all sizes reach Woolwich
every week from these sources in peace
time alone, and every one of these has
to be examined, weighed, gauged, and
carefully scrutinized from within by
electric lamps before It Is passed.
The United States Department used
dynamite for filling shell with, and, al
though it might be thought liable to
explode In the bore of the gun, this is
not so. One point must be steadily
borne in mind when artillery fire Is
being discussed, and that ls that its
effect Is far more a moral than a phy
sical one. The noise, and the sudden
collanse of twenty, or even more. men.
cause more disturbance of the soldier's
mind than double the loss by rifle fire.
Wounds from shells form a very small
very
total in modern warfare, but, none the
less, the presence or absence of an
overwhelming strength in guns decides
the fortune of battle to-day.
MR PIET JOUBERT.
One of the Most Popular and Resolute
Women in the Transvaal.
We are told almost by all writers on
South African affairs that the women
of the Transvaal are as resolute in the
prosecution of the war against the Brit
ish as are their husbands and sons.
Women have taken part in some of the
fighting and in the more congenial
work of nursing the sick and wounded
they are acting a noble and a promin
ent part.
In their courage and devotion to their
country they are but following the ex
ample of Mrs. Plet Joubert, wife of the '
recently deceased commander-in-chief
of the Boer forces. She ls a type of
womnn that la lnakpil tin in In tho Knntli
African republic. During the campaign
of 1881, when her husband Inflicted the
defeat at Majuba Hill upon Sir George
Colley, she was by his side and It ls
claimed that It was by her advice that
the Boers scaled the mountain height
and won the victory which gave them
Independence. In the numerous Kaffir
wars she was present ln camp with her
husband, -sharing all the dangers and
privations of active campaigning and
soothing with her tender care the
wounded nnd the sick. Her advice is
said to have been on many occasions a
distinct advantage to the Boers. ' With
the present campaign, up to the time of
her husband's death, she was prom
inently connected.
Mrs. Joubert ls a resolute woman nnd
devoutly religious. Next to Mrs. Kruger
she Is the most popular and respected
woman In the Transvaal.
Animala Which Like Perfume
An Investigator of the effect of per
fumes ou animals in the London Zoo-
logical Gardens discovered that most
of the lions and leopards were very
fond of lavender. They took a piece
of cotton saturated with it and held it
between their paws with great delight
When a man meets wlt-b an accident,
it Is always said that his wife la very
low aa a result of the shock.
MRS. PIET JOUBERT.
THE LONELIEST. WOMAN.
6he's from This City and Lives Up on a
- Peal Island.
Without doubt the loneliest woman,
that Is to say, the one farthest removed
from her kind, in all these United
States of America is Mrs. Clark, of this
city, the wife of Major E. W. Clark,
government agent of the Prlbylof or
Seal Islands In the Behrlng Sea. This
group, composed of the two small Isl
ands of St Paul and St. George, are
the ho'mes of nearly all the seals re
maining in existence, and they are
about eighteen hundred miles west ot
tne entrance to Puget Sound, and about
uuuureu iioiiuwesi 01 me Aieuuau
,sln,uls. belonging at Unimak Pass,
st- Oeoree- wnicn is the 8ma,ler of the
lwo 1)C,nS about slx twelve """"
lu extent- ls forty mI,es from st rauL
uuu uas a popuiauon 01 auout one
hundred Aleuts, and four or five
whites, consisting of Major Clark and
his wife, a physician, and two or three
clerks for the North American Com
merclal Company, which controls thu
seal business, and has stores and ware
houses on both Islands. The little
village of St. George contains twenty
tive or thirty houses, Including the com
pany's buildings, the agent's house and
(J reek church. There are no other
houses on the Islands, and Mrs. Clark
ls the only white woman. Her home
is a small cottage of four rooms, very
cosy and comfortable, with books and
pictures, and a fine outlook over the
sea. She does no cooking In her own
house, as the government officials take
their meais at the company house near
by. Mrs. Clark's nearest neighbor is
the wife of the agent on St. Paul, who
ls KBS ,one,y because she has with her
two small children, Mrs. Clark's chil
dren being grown and having their
own homes In the States. There Is no
communication between the Islands
except by one of the company's ships
i a,ul u revenue cutters, as otner snips
are not Permitted to visit the islands.
lucse KUiPs come on,y ln the summer.
11 U(1 from October until June Mrs.
(lark does not expect to see any one
or hear anything from the United
States, or to send word home, no mat
ter what happens. Sickness, death,
disaster may come to her far off ii
that forbidding sea, or may visit her
own it home, but no word may come
or go until navigation is resumed. St
George Js absolutely without trees,
but its rolling surface and mountains,
a thousand feet high, are beautifully
green with coarse grass and moss, and
wild .lowers of brilliant hues dot the
level stretches near the sea. Blue
foxes abound, and over the rocks at the
water's edge thousands and thousands
of seals In ceaseless activity disport
themselves noisily day and night, from
June until December, while millions of
water fowl fill the air and the sea and
flutter about the cliffs. Three hundred
days lu the year the weather is dark
and dismal, and fogs hide the isiands
for days at a time. The cold Is never
excessive, but the winter storms am
severe, nnd terrific gales sweep over
sea and land. There is no harbor, and
ships come to anchor a mile or so from
store. Washington Star.
LAW AS INTERPRETED.
Statement in a recommendation of a
former employe, that, "like many
others, he left our service during the
strike," Is- held, in Kansas City, M. &
B. It. Company vs. Delaney (Tenn.), 4
L. H. A. 000, not to be libelous or action
able per se so as to constitute a cause
of action without special damages.
One whose horses shows signs of be
coming unmanageable while being
driven at a distance from home, though
they have hitherto been gentle and easi
ly managed is held, ln Creamer vs. Mc
Ilvaln (Md.), 45 L. R. A. 531, to be en
titled to continue the trip home Instead
of being compelled to leave them at a
place where he has temporarily stop
ped. Exemption of national banks from
the penalties of usury prescribed by
State statutes Is held, ln Gadsden vs.
Thrush (Neb.), 45 L. K. A. 054, to be
strictly limited by the provisions of the
federal statute, and not to extend to a
. note held by a bank merely as col
lateral to another note or mortgage.
, when the question arises on foreclosure
of the mortgage.
i A purchaser of land who accepts,
without objection until after the time
for performance ls past, a search or ab
stract of title which is In fact defective.
Is held, In Moot vs. Business Men's In
vestment Association (N. Y.), 45 L. K.
A. 000, to have no right to reject the
title merely because of such defect In
the abstract, if the title offered is In
fact good.
I Maintenance of dangerous machinery
on private grounds, unprotected from
visits of trespassing children, is held.
In Biggs vs. Consolidated Barb-Wire
Company (Kan.), 44 L. It. A. 055, to
render the owner of the land, who has
knowledge that children and others are
- 'accustomed to frequent the ground
nnd climb upon structures which sup-
port the dangerous appliances, liable in
damages for an Injury to a boy caught
In the machinery and killed.
If the girls are so angelic, and help-
tut, wtiy aon t more 01 them get mar
tied?
As a man grows older, he feels as If
be were working with one hand tied.