The Salmon's Habits.
Mr. R. D. Hume, a canneryman
on Coos Bay, recently wrote the
following article on the habits of
-Ua enlmvt. ...l..'L l.l." 1 1
luv,u,u"i wiiu.il was puuusucu
in the Oregonian. He said:
"The question which first pre
sents itself, viz: Do adult salmon,
which are common to our longest
rivers, return to the sea after having
deposited their spawn? It is gen
erally conceded, and I believe cap
able of being proven, that those
which spawn in the upper waters,
become so much exhausted by the
labor attending the the journey to
headwaters, together with that of
making and defending their spawn
ing beds, that none survive. Ad
mitting this to be a fact, there
remains to consider what happens
to those that spawn in the shorter
streams, of our coast, or the tribu
taries of the large rivers, which dis
charge their waters in tideway,
near the ocean. Although but
little has been written in regard to
this subject, there exists sufficient
proof that a large percentage of these j
last-mentioned salmon do return to
me sea auer a visit to me spawning I same errand as before, and I be
grounds, and in support thereof j lieve that there habitat is very near
will cite my experience in the mat- the mouths of the rivers where
ter.
In 1878 I took the spawn from
and turned loose in tide water on
Rogue river about isoadultsalmon,
first marking , them by cutting a
large V-shaped piece out of the
dorsal fin. These salmon were in
the usual condition to which salmon
get, when near the spawning time.
They had been caught the latter
part of August, and at that time
were plump and smooth, bright in
color and vigorous. The latter
part of December, when the spawn
was taken, they were sick" and !
covered with sores, caused by their
workings in the pond and in fight- j
ing with each other, lean and slimy, I
with projecting teeth, as is the
usual condition when at liberty in
the stream at such seasons. In the
early part of the following April my!
fishermen began taking some of
1.. u.KCu sumioii, anu conuiiuen !
to do so throughout the fishing
season, until we had observed 40 or
50. These were as fat and plump
as at the previous catching, and '
had increased materially in weight, j
The next two years we caught a
large number of marked salmon, in,with the principles advocated in
fact, until we had taken nearly as that work, and after more than 20
many as I had marked originally. years' study of the subject, it is my
I am unable to give the exact I opinion that Mr. Buist was nearer
data in regard to these experiments, j a solution of all the questions per
ns the papers relating thereto were fining to the habits of salmon
destroyed by fire when my place at ! than any who have dealt with the
( .old Beach was burned, but there matter since his time. In course of
are plenty of witnesses living who J the experiments conducted by Mr.
ci.11 testify to facts, among whom II Buist, the adult salmon were im
will mention William Gauntlett, pounded and held until ripened,
late county clerk; Alfred Gauntlett, the spawn taken and hatched in
, o.uuu aim 1-ar.ncK mc-
ticary, now living at Gold Beach
and who were in my employ at .
that tune. In fact, all who were !
residents of that section at the time '
awuic iuui SUCU was me lesillt ,
of my experiments.
At that time I was also in corres
pondence with Professor Baird, of
IT,,;i.i,1 Cl. c.t. : ..
..... iu.u wiaita uau I'UIUIUISSIUII,
,,.. ,, . . . . '
and the matter received considerable
attention from him. He wrote that 1
it was the first well-authenticated
instance of the kind that had been
observed in relation to the matter.
This evidence is supported by the
observations of many, viz: That
often months after the spawning
season is over, a considerable num
ber of spawned-out salmon, sick and
sore, may be seem weakly trying to
stem the current of the tideway in
all of our salmon streams. In
England and Scotland, where the
rivershavenogreatlength.it is a
, .
.vmiuuni luinj; ior me nsnermen in
tideway to take with their
seines
,nA..t i n..j 1.-,. .
n,i n,,. t . . . . 1 being the fish called parr, regarding
ana there are laws in those countries1.!. f . ,. ",U1,'S
for their protection, which compel
uiw ii.-mivi uitu 10 iurn mem 01 1
j without killing. Professor Living-
stone Stone, in his work on trout
breeding says he finds a solution of
I sait an excellent remedy for soreness
, and fungoid growths in treating
... . . .
trout so afflicted, and my experi
ments show that it is nature's remedy
for curing ills incident to the effort
to reproduce its species, made by
the salmon, and if they ever reach
the water, will soon be healed. I
have in one instance turned out
some, and in less than three months
have taken ' one which, although
not yet healed, was fat and plump.
I have no doubt that many of -the
scarred salmon taken in our streams,
are fish not fully healed from the
wounds of the previous spawning
season. The foregoing facts, to my
mind, settle the question regarding
the migratory habits of adult salmon,
that have made the journey to the
spawning-grounds, and proves con
clusively that during the few months
which they spend ia the sea in
recuperating their strength (having
entered the sea nearly dead from
exhaustion) any long journey would
impossible before it would be !
time t0 re.enter the river on the
they were spawned.
Having given my views and facts
relating to adult salmon, I will now
take up the following questions, viz:
First When do the young sal
mon migrate to the sea?
Second Where is their habitat
and do they return to the stream
where they were spawned?
In dealing with the first question
r will refer to the first experiments
in the propagation of salmon made
by any of the English-speaking;
race conducted by Robert Buist, at
the Stormontfield hatchery, situated
on the river Tay, in Scotland. Mr. j
Buist published a small pamphlet1
giving an account 0f the experi
ments made, and the results as'
observed by him, which is a very
interesting little work, but which is
probably now out of print, as it
was published about 40 years ago.!
i secured a copy some time after I
had started my hatchery on Rogue
riVeri but had the misfortune to
iose the work, in the fire' which
occurred a few vears asro. Mv
efforts toward propagation of sal-j
mn were conducted much in line1
hatching boxes in the bottom of
which were layers of clean gravel,
when the young were hatched out,
they were placed in ponds through
which a constant stream of water
wn Wnt firmrino- rr,o !1f K:r,
closed by wire screens, but the out
let remaining open, so the fry could
depart at any time they desired
1M.: t.u .i j .
This they showed no disposition
. ... . t. , . ,
iv uu uuui io uiuuius uau elapsed
since the time they were spawned,
when they began to show signs of
desturbance, schooling and circling
around the pond for a day or two,
and finally a little more than half
of their number passed from the
outlet to the river. At this time
those which migrated had each
reached a length of 6 or 7 inches.
Those remaining in the pond, al
though having free egress, did not
leave the pond until the following
! the meantime,
, increased in size to any perceptible
1 any perceptible
degree. This last run which left
., , .
I luc uuisi menunea as
ESS, "priorT that
ui iui vi wuicn a dispute
n held for years prior to
(Continued on next page.)
Notice To Creditors.
In the County Court ot the State of Oregon,
for the County of Lincoln :
In the matter f the estate of Wm. Megglnson,
VOTICE 18 HEREBY UIKEN THAT THE
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Dated at Newport, Oieeon, February, 25, 1897.
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Notice for Publication.
Land Office at Owgon City, Oregon,
February 27, 1897.
Notice is hereby given that the following
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that said proof will be made before the County
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May 19, 1897, viz:
LINDFRED T. SKINNER: H. E. 9,971,
for the southwest of section 8, township 10
south, range 8 west.
He names the following witnesses to prove
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Harry 8. Porter, of Nashville, John P. Hamar,
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ROBERT A. MILLER, Register.
Notice for Publication.
Land Office at Oregon Cltv, Oregon,
February 27, 1897.
Notice Is hereby given that the following-named
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1897, viz:
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for the southwest of southeast i. east U of
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section 12, town 11, south, range 9 west.
He names the following witnesses to prove
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ROBERT A. M1LLLKR, Reglstei.
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February 19, 1897.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT THE
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for the northwest of section 10, township 10
south, range 8 west.
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