Lincoln County Leader. J. Ft 8TBWAKT. Publisher. TOLEDO OREGON AN ILLINOIS PIONEER. Tk Father ufthe Stat Vnivtmlty Ii Held la II luti Kiteem. Among the Doted nonagenarians of th west few are held in higher esteem than Professor Jonathan B. Turner, the father of the State University of Illinois, who set tled in Jackson ville in 1833 as a professor in Illi nois college, and who still lives in that city, enjoying a serene old aice. Chicago in those days was a mere collection of rude log huts, and dur ing the first year of Professor Turner's residence in the country he went there and saw the 3. B. TURNER. bargain concluded by which the Pottawatomie Indians sold to the government for 3 cents an acre the iand where tho Lake City now stands, which price, by the way, has never yet been paid. Professor Turner was born in Templeton, jhuhi., uec. I, isuri. ills rather was a farm er whose sons all knew what hard work meant. Jonathan was given a deed of the paternal farm when he was 18 years old, on condition that he should stay at homo and work it. At 23 he decided that he didn't want any more farming, but wanted to go to Yale college and get an education, so that he might be a lawyer like Daniel Web ster, whom he knew well and whose great speeches had fired his youthful imagina tion. His older brother, Asa, had been there before him and was oneof the famous "Yale band" thnt did so much good in the west in the matter of founding colleges an 4 acnoois. Jonathan made cn arrangement with President Dwight by which he was to t.nnl, ntt.1r.tl... In fr.- l.l 0'- r.1."" tion. He never graduated at Yale, howev er, for in 18113, before he had completed his course, Illinois college, which was one of those founded by tho "Yale band," offered hlin a position, und he went there to com plete his studies and take his degree. In tue beginning of his career at the college lie taught all branches of the curriculum, of ten doing the work of two teachers 111 order that one of the faculty might be spared to beg for funds with which to carry on the institution. When he had been teaching for 15 years, Professor Turner concluded he had got enough of that also and returned to the oc cupation of his youth furmiug. He made a success of it this time and soon acquired a fortune. One of thethings that most im pressed hi in was the lack of knowledge among farmers ubout the principles of sci entific agriculture. This it was that led bim as early as 1848 to agitate the establish ment of an agricultural college, and of 10 years of that agitation the state university at Champaign is the beneficently fruitful result. SHE BEARS A MASCULINE NAME. A Girl of the Tennimiice Mountains Who Writes Entertaining 1'lctlnii. The pretty town of Murfreesboro, the anclentcnpitul of Tennessee, pops up In his tory occasionally as if it would not be de nied a claim to the remembrance of future generations, but it is doubtful If even tho fact that it was near the scene of one of the great buttles of tho civil war will do so WILL ALLEN DIloM1100l.lt. much to preserve its memory as the other fact that within a decade two of Its daugh ters have made fame for themselves as writers under masculine nnnies. Will Allen Droiiignoleisthe latest of these; but, unlike that of Charles Kgbert Craddoek, whoso near neighbor and friend she is, the mascu linity of her name is not a mere ruse of the pen, but was the deliberate choice of her parents at hrr birth. Wins Dromgoole was the sixth daughter in her family. When she was born, her parents gave up the hope of ever having a on and listened to the half humorous sug gestion of a neighbor t hat tho bahy should have a boy's name. As she grew older she developed traits ill keeping with her mas culine appellation. Her father was a per (Isteut hunter and Usher, and she brcumt his constant companion. rhe is an expert with tho rod and gun and does not know what "feai" means. Her hunting costume Is of gray corduroy, such as the mountain eers wear, and the short skirt reaches just to the top of the boy'n boots with which she covers her little feet. Up 111 the Cumberland foothills Miss Dromgoole has a pleasant cottage Uiere she and her father, as chummy as ever, spend their time from April to November every yeiir. Tho fat her is now 88 years of age, but is still an expert angler, and many a day the pair of them walk 10 miles In pur suit of their outdoor pastime. Miss Drom ' goolo christened her cottage "The Den," but her neighbors cull It "The Yellow Ham mer's Nest." Her study there Is decorated with the skins of animals which she and her father have shot, and the flour is car peted with similar spoils of the chase. The walls are decorated with pipes aud walking ticks, gifts from admiring mountaineers. Each of the sticks commemorates a story, and some of them are handsomely carved, for carving Is a natural gift of those strange, shy people whom Miss Dromgoole has ac tually at well as artistically "made her own." Miss Dromgoole Is a proline writer and finds a remly i iket for the product of her pen. She alien her characters from the life and knows whereof she write. Method she sayif she has none, but depcuds upon the inspiration of the moment. Hlie recently made au extended visit to the north aud was much petted by the literary people of New York aud iloatou. Eipentlre Cigarettes. A London west end tobacconist states that many of bis customers do not hesitate to give half a crown for a single cigarette, and those at a hilling apiece are by no means uncommon. The present fad among ciga rette smokers is for tips of costly and eo oentrlo character. EipiM Kut Cuu.lilered. Wife Now, if you intend to give in -blrtliduv present vou need not iro ia nVf luOB8 cheap John niuoty-uiua I provide regulations governing the pro ouiit iujre for it I 'I111'1'0" llierool and maintenance among Husband No ind Joed, tny love. Han I o to n dollar tor- vivnuuiMiiun, (lit exptusot I'll go NATIONAL CAPITAL NEWS. The annual distribution nf .eede Ki th R Agricultural Denartment ia franti cally completed. The amount distrib- utea is do percent greater than last year. i.ach Congressman received 3,000 more bags of seeds than in any previous year. The appropriation for the present fiscal The Committee On Tnilian AfT.ira lta. decided not to move the Utes from the Colorado reservation. A substitute bill. which is a compromise, will be reported to the House. It will not become a law until the Utcg agree to its provisions. It will provide for keeping them on the western end of the reservation, giving iiiem one lownginp in jew Mexico, They will bo given a quarter of the pres ent reservation. Secretary Smith has tra.nnmifri.rl tr Congress an adverse report on the House bill providing for the restoration of 1,801 square miles of land in Yellowstone Na tional l'ark to the nub he domain. The Secretary gays the segregation of the land is the result of obstructing the en forcement of regulations of the govern ment in the park, owimr to gouattimr bv poachers, trapperg and other undesirable characters. The boundaries now hxed are satisfactory to the department. No good reason for the proposed change is unowa. Senator Carey is encouraged over the prospects of the bill for cession of 1,000, 000 acres to each of the arid-land States and territories to be improved by irri gation. The general expression of opin ion by members favors the bill. There is little doubt that it will be favorably reported soon by the Committee on Pub lic Lands. Mr. Carey believes the bill will receive the unanimous indorsement of the committee. Senators Dolph ai.l Vilas favor the bill, and gay it provid, s for an experiment in the right direction and may lead to a solution of the ques tion of what ia to be done to reclaim the arid lands. The Senate Committee on Public Lands has agreed to report favorably Senator Kyle's amendment to the sun dry civil appropriation bill, providing that any honorably discharged ro'.Jicr cf tne late civil war and not now the owner of UK) acres of land, and who has not availed himself of the privileges under the land laws of tho United States, may acquire title to 100 acres of land by mak ing application therefor in person at any government land office and paying the ii i ri i in i in price of $1.25 per acre. The law now requires a residence of six months on the part of the ex-soldier. The fortifications bill, as it came back to the Senate Committee, had added to it increased appropriations to the amount of 82!l,450, but not a cent for I'ugct Sound. While the llritish government, 10,000 miles away, gees the necessity of strongly fortifying the entrance to the Straits of Fuca, the Congress of the United States seems scarcely to know that there is such a place as Ksquhnalt, or that every dollar expended there is a menace to the cities on Washington's inland sea. The total amount of t lie hill as now prepared is $,',054,104, which is over $800,000 more than was appro priated in the same bill last year. The principal amounts added to the House bill are $220,000 for equipment and work at the Walervliet factory and $275,000 for the purchase or manufacture of eight, ten and twelve-inch gtuiB. Mr. Groevunor of Ohio jias introduced in tho House a resolution calling for a special investigation of Governor Till man's action in seizing railroad property and telegraph lines engaged in interstate commerce and with armed force and vio lence establishing a censorship of the daily and weekly press of the country and prohibiting the transmission of news dispatches to the newspapers. Tho res olution directs the Committee on Inter state and Foreign Commerce to inquire by what law such acts had been commit ted and whether the laws of tho United States had been violated. In his remarks on the resolution Grosvenor said this was tho first time in the history of the government such a censorship of prosB dispatches had been established. The resolution was referred to the House Committee, on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, of which Wise of Virginia is Chairman. A bill introduced in the House by Wolverton of Pennsylvania abolishes the oflloo of United Slates Circuit Court iomiiiiHHioucrs, ana repeals the laws authorizing appointments thereto. The Attorney-General is authorized todivide the States and Territories into as many Commissioner districts as he may deem necessary and chango tho boundaries of such districts or create new districts when required. The President is au thorized to appoint on the nomination of tho Attorney-General a suflicient number of Commissioners in the dis tricts, to hold olllce for four years. The Commissioners are to havo the same ju risdiction now conferred on United Stales Circuit Court Commissioners, ami will lie authorized to try with a jury of six all offenses punishable with line or im prisonment and sentence the defendant with the same ell'ect as if tho defendant had lieen convicted in the United States District Court. Three bills are now being considered looking to the collection of $100,000,000 indebtedness of the Central and Union 1'iicillc Kailroad Companies to the gov ernment. Two of them are now before the House Committee on Pucillc Hail ways. One was introduced by Geary, another by Itrow n and a third bv Boat ner. The' Gearv hill provides lor the foreclosure of the government's mort gage on the two roads and the appoint ment of a committee on the part of the government to manage the roads. Geary says his desire ia to make the men who have grown rich out of the railroads pay the government what they honestly owe. From what can bn learned the firown hill is not likely to lie agreed upon, but after it und Geary's bill have been thor oughly discussed a new measure will ho reported embodying the features of one or the other. The lloatner bill also pro vides for judicial procedure to compel the companies to make restitution to the government. Cuminettl lias introduced a joint res olution atil homing tho President to in vite all tho nations of the Western Hem isphere to a conference on the financial question. Tho preamble of the resolu tion recites the (act of the community interests existing in tho Western Hemi sphere; the continued depreciation of silver; the default by Guatemala; that Mexico and the governments in Central and South America may take similar action, and asserts that the various in terests of the United States are threat ened with loss. Then follows tho resolu tion. Hy it tho President is requested to invite representatives of American liepublii to meet in Washington, whose object it shall bo to "obtain relief (mm tho conditions which have canned the demonetization of silver." The second partis: "Tho convention shall lie for the purpose of drafting a treaty or treat it's on tho subject, to lo thereafter sub mitted for ratification to the nations represonieo, caiemaUMi to secure to them such recognition of silver from the iiuiioiinui uie r.Hsiern i lemispuere ami i',''",lv,,'f J?1 "lh , ,,,V,"ra1,! wiU wni "'l oond.tmni and protect their common Interest. JUSTICE IN SAMOA. The Behring Sea Bill in the House of Commons. SCOTLAND WANTS HOME RULE That Country Urges the Kitahll.hment of a Leglnlature to Deal With Scot tish Affairs Dictator In Peru. Londox. The Behring Sea bill intro duced in the House provides that the arbitration award shall -have effect as enacted by this act. Any one contra vening this act will be guilty of misde meanor within the meaningof merchant shipping act 54. Any ship violating this act is liable to forfeiture. The court without prejudice to any other power may release such ship upon the payment of a fine of 500. The Queen in council may make, revoke or alter orders carry ing into effect the provisions of this act, nu any one contravening the regula tions oi such oruer shall be liable to a penalty of 500. I he order of the Queen in council may provide that such officers of the United States as are specified mav exercise powers under this act similar to those exercised by a British naval oflicer in relation to British ships. The act is to become effective May 1, and any ship sailing before its publication shall be freed from forfeiture. I'AltLIAMENT FOR SCOTLAND. That Country Urge, the Ktnl)llliiiieiit of Home ltule. London. In the House of Commons James Henry Dalziel made a motion that it was desired, while retaining in tact, flip Tinwnf ftnd onnr-ornrir... rjf the Iuierial Parliament, to establish a Leg islature for Scotland to deal with Scot tish affairs. In speaking of his motion he said nobody would say that the House of Commons was so congested that a new aud bold departure was necessary. The government's proposal to appoint 'a grand committee to deal with Scottish affuirs was only a temporary expedient. The Scottish members of the House had voted for home rule for Scotland. They entertained noanti-English feeling, their sole object being to procure for Scotland legislation that wag impossible under existing conditions. The House adopted the motion 180 to 170. ItKAZII.IAN- INHUUUKNTS. Ua Guma Will Not be Permitted to T.aml III lluelio. Ayres. Lishon. The Portuguese government has informed Admiral da Gama, who is ut Buenos Ayres a fugitive with a num ber of his followers on board tho Portu guese wnr ships Mimlello and Albuquer que, that it cannot permit the Brazilian refugees to land anywhere excepting on Portuguese territory, and then onlvon such conditions that they cannot return to Brazil in order to intervene in the civil struggle. The Portuguese govern ment is sending another war ship to Buenos Ayres in order to assist in the removal of the Brazilian insurgent to Portuguese territory. The insurgents on bourd the Portuguese war ships now at. Buenos Ayres are gaid to he in a de plorable condition, many of them suffer ing from wounds and" diseases. Two cases of yellow fever were discovered on tho Mindollo. , Inquiring Into the Currency Question. Ixindon. The Central Associated Chambers of Agriculture have decided to immediately represent to the govern ment the urgent importance of the cur rency question ; also to ask the Uoyal Agricultural Commission to institute special inquiries into the bearing of the currency question on agriculture. Be plying to a letter from a gentleman in the city asking that the government deal promptly with the currency question, Premier Kosebery writes tluit tho sub ject is engaging the attention of tho Cabinet. Mr. Smith has secured Mav 1 l for the discussion by the House of Com mons ot a resolution on international biinetalism. Two rrenlriuuta anil Dictator. Lima, Peru. Kx-President Caceres has been proclaimed Dictator of Peru, tho situation being that Peru just now has two Presidents and a Dictator. Con gress and the people are hostile to Ca ceres, but the army is with him. He was ono of tho candidates for the Presi dency. The city is in possession of the troops, who are snpportiiig Caceres, and it is reported that Senor del Solar, the constitutional President, is a fugitive. The banks are cloned, and all business is suspended. Tho soldiers are patrolling tho streets. lla Ju.tlce In Nniuoa. London. Private advices are received from Samoa that seventeen chiefs were summoned before Chief-Justice Ido and obliged to withdraw Ihoir complaints against the government. The chiefs, however, stuck to tho protest against disarming the natives, which they strongly resented. Tho trial of Alipia and other chiefs of the Aana tribe ended February 2, the court pronouncing sen tence of two years' imprisonment at hard lalwr on Alipia and $50 to $100 line against tho other chiefs, (Ireat llatll In the Nouilan. Titieou. Pabah, a former slave of Zebehr Pasha, with an army numbering 110,000 invaded tho kingdom of Bornu, Central Soudnn.and was opposed bv the Sultan of Hornu at tho head of a large army. Both sides sustained heavy losses, and the Sultan of Bornu and Pabah were killed, righting desperately at the head of their troops. Tho t'.tlle Trade. Ia)xixn. A deputation of Chambers of Agriculture called upon President Gardner of tho Board of Agriculture to urge tho Immediate slaughter of all im ported cattle at tho place of landing. Gardner declined to entertain the propo sition, saying such action would injure the trade relations of Kugland abroad, and that tho present precautions are sutlicient. To Itelteve (he I'urmployeil. Mahiiid. Tho government has re solved to establish public works in the provinces of Cadix, Granada and Anda lusia for the relief of the thousands of workmen now unemployed. K.rthqu.lie In Meitro, Citv or Mkxuo. Another severe earthquake shock lias occurred on the , Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Much damage WM ,lolMJ to the towns and villages on th I'aeiile duut- Sfw Hvrvl.it Frontier. Ukuirmik. Prime Minister Smith n ig.uM. and the King has summoned M. NicolaicviU'h to form a new Min- i,try THE PORTLAND MARKET. Wbisat Valley, 85c; Walla Wall, 75 76c per centaL provisions. Easts a Smokid Miats asd Labo Hams, medium, 12(122'c per pound; hams, large, lUai2c; hams, picnic, H(al2c; breakfast bacon, 13sl5c; short clear sides, 9,'$ailcj dry gait sides, 910c; dried beef hams, 12fS13c; lard, compound, in tins, 8!ai0c per pound; pure, in tins, 103ll)-ic; pigs' feet, 80s. $5.50; pigs' feet, 40a, $3.25; kits, $1.25. bops, wool and hides. Hops '93s, choice, 12gl32C per pound; medium, l('12c; poor, neg lected. Wool, Valley, 10(gl0c per pound; Umpqua, 10al0c; Kastern Oregon, 4 (Hit-, according to quality and shrinkage. Hides Dry selected prime, 5c; green, salted, O0 pounds and over, 3c; under 60 pounds, 2 3c; sheep pelts, shearlings, 10fal5c; medium, 2035c; long wool, 30(i(j0c; tallow, good to choice, 33c per pound. FIXlUB, FEED, ETC. Flocb Portland, f2.55; Salem, $2.65; Cascadia, $2.55; Dayton, $2.55; Walla Walla, 2.it0; Snow flake, I2.U5; Corval lis, $2.05; Pendleton, $2.05; Graham, $2.40; superfine, $2.25 per barrel. Oats White, 3233c per bushel; gray, 3032c; rolled, in bags, $5.75(3 0.00; barrels, $0.00fit6.25; in cases, $3.75. Millatuffh Bran. 13(S10: shorts. $15al0; ground barley, $1018; chop leeu, j to per ton ; woie leed Parley, W(g ivc per cental ; middlings, $a(g;28 per ton; chicken wheat, 65c$1.15 per cental. Hay Good, $1012 per ton. DAIltY produce. Butter Oregon lancy creamery, 22j 25c; fancy dairy, 1720c; fair to good, 12(tl5c; common, ll12c per pounu ; uaiilornu, 3U(g-i3c per roll. Cheese Oregon, c; Young America, izgioc; Laatornia Hat, 14;a( io,'$c; nwisg, imported, 3032c; domes tic, 10lHe per pound. Eggs Oregon, 10c per dozen. Poultry Chickens, mixed, quoted at about $3(3.50 per dozen; ducks, $4.00(4 o.oo; geese, $7.oorg8.00; turkeys, live, 12rtil3cper pound; dressed. 14i)15c. VEGETABLE!! AND FRUIT. Vegetables California cabbage, ljc per pound; potatoes, Oregon (huying price), 4U(it4f)c per sack: i,arlv Koee for seed, 80(a90c; onions (buying price), $1.75(tf2.25 per sack; sweet potatoes, M.of;:.uu per box; Ualilornia col ery, 8500c; artichokes, 50c per dozen; Uulilornia lettuce, 2oc per dozen; Ore gon hothouse lettuce, 50G0c ; cauliflow er, $2.75 per crate, $1.00 per dozen ; pars ley, 25c per dozen ; sprouts, $1.40 per pox; siring Deans, 30c per pound; as paragus, 0(S10c per pound; rhubarb, sfto,'1!c per pounu; peas, 8ac; cu cumbers, $2 per dozen. Fbuits California fancy lemons, $3.50 0t4.uu; common, $2.50(313.00; bananas, $1.75(42.50 per bunch; Honolulu, $3.00 rf.uu; ualilorina navels, $2.2diu2.7o per dox; seedlings, fi.zoftez.uu; sunflower, $2.60; Malta blood, $:S.O0: anoles (buy ing price), green, $1.001.25; red, $1.25 (Si. io per box. canned goods. Canned Goods Table fruits, assorted. $1.752.00; peaches, $1.762.00; Bart- lew pears, $L.70(r$2.0U; plums, $1.37)$(3 1.50; strawberries, $2.25(42.45; cherries, $2.252.40; blackberries, $1.85(42.00; laspberries, $2.40; pineapples, $2.25Q 2.80; apricots, $1.05. lie fruits, assorted, $1.20; peaches, $1.25; plums. $1.001.20; blackberries, $1.25(3.1.40 per uozen. 1'ie iruits, gallons, assorted, $3.16(4,3.50; peaches, $3.50(44.00; apri cots, $3.50(44.00; plums, $2.75(43.00; blackberries, $4.25(4.4.50 ; tomatoes, $1.10. WEATB uorned beer. Is. S1.50: $2.25; chipped, $2.40; lunch tonmie. Is. $3.50; 2s, $0.75(47.00; deviled ham, $1.60 (az.o per Uozen; roasf beef, Is, $1.50 2s, $2.25. Fish Sardines, s, 75c$2.25; Js, fi.iowi.ou: lobsters, TZ.3U(43.o0: sal mon, tin 1-lb tails, $1.25(4.1.50; flats, i.7o;z-ids, a.zotsz.oy ; -barrel, $6.60, STAPLE UltOCEItlES. Coffee Costa Rica, 23c; Kio,2223c; Kaltm.lri. O').. . lf....l. tli!lAOO. i i ii , coin , , ntwiw. eoc , jir- buckle's, Columbia and Lion, 100-pound cases, --t.oo Dkibd Fruits 181)3 pack, Petite prunes, 0(48c; silver, 10(?12c; Italian, 8(410c; German, 0(ii8c; plums, 010c: evaporated apples, 8 10c; evaporated apricots, 15(loc; peaches, 12(4. 14c; pears, Mile per pound. Salt Liverpool, 200s, $15.50; 100s, $10.00; 60s, $10.60: stock. $8.50(49.50. Syrup Kastern, in barrels, 40(455c; in nan barrels, 42dt57c; in cases, 35(4. 80c per nation : $2.25 Der kes : California. ill barrels, 20(4.40c per gallon ; $1.75 per keg. Suoab D, 43c; Golden C, 5c; extra C, 6'4Cj confectioners' A, 55ec; dry gran ulated, 63c; cube, crushed and pow dered, OhC per pound ; per pound uiscouut on an grades lor prompt cash ; mapie Bngar, loigioc per pound. Hu e o. 1 Sandwich Island, $4.50 i.io; japan, io.uumo.'jo. Beans Small white, No. 1, 3(ff3t4'c; io. 2, ,ic ; large wiiite, ac ; pea beans, 3c ; pink, 2'ttc; bayou, 234c; butter, 3; Lima, 3 'aC per pound. . Picki.es Barrels, No. 1, 28(g30c per gallon; No. 2, 20(4 28e; kegs, 6s, 85c per Keg ; nan gallons, ?-iO per uozen ; quar ter gallons, $1.76 per dozen. Spices Whole Allspice, 18(S20c per pound ; cassia, inurinc; cinnamon, rj(4 40c; cloves, 18(430cj black pepper, 15 22'uc; white pepper, 20 25c; nutmeg, 75(4 80c. Kaisins London layers, boxes, $1.75 viz.uu; halves, $-'.uti(4L'.2f); quarters. $2.25t42.75 ; eighths, $2.503.00. Ixwse .Muscatels, boxes, $1.50; fancy faced, $1.75; bags, 3 crown, 41b(S5c per pound; i crown, oro'jc. seedless Sultanas, ooxes, i.ioes'j.uu; Dags, 0(4c per pvmuu. LIVE AND PRESSED MEATS. Beef Top Bteers, $2.603.00; fair to good sicers, s otiurs.L'o; cows, $2.25; dressed liecf, 4i45l8c per pound. Mutton Best Bheep, $2.60; ewes, $2.25. Hoos Choice heavy, $4.00(44.25; me dium, $4.00; light and feeders, $3.90 4.1X1; dressed, tt.(47c per pound. Vial Small choice, 0c; large, 4c per pound. CORDAGE. Manilla rojie, 1 in. cir. and up, 10c ; manilla roe, 12-thread, ?a diam., lOc; manilla rope, 6 and 9-tliread, 1,4 and 6-16 diam., lie; manilla bail rope, in coils or on reels, 10c; manilla lath yarn, tarred, fle ; manilla havvser-luid rope well boring, etc., Lie; manilla transmission-of-powor roiw, 14e; manilla paHrtwine, 11c; manilla spring twine, 14c; gisal rope, 1 4 in. cir. and upward, 7'4c; sisal roH, 12-thread, K diam., 714c; sisal Mpo, tl and IMhread, 1 ami 5-ld diam., 8'4c; sisal lath yarn, tarred, 7'4'c; hop vino twine, tarred, 7c; sisal paper twine, 8c. The needlework of fair hutics upon the mar,' and pcunousof hrnve knights was always a fruitful theme for poeu in the day of chivalry. A New Vork woninn of experience es corts parties through the city lilmirm mid art galleries. charging a llxed ruteau hour. Wash white flannels In cold water with nils made of white soap, and they will not brink much ner look yellow. If you drop acid on your clothes, the im mediate application of ammonia will ne troy the effect. ASHES OF WOOD. Contain Every Element Taken From the Soil by Plants. HOW TO LAY OFF THE LAND. Make a Careful Surrey of the Field With the Eye Before Starting the Plow Other Agricultural Excerpts. Before starting the plow make a care ful gurvey of the field with the eye and by pacing off the lands to eee where the proper places for back furrows and dead furrows are to come. The proper place for the back furrow, if in an open field is where the dead furrow of the year be fore was, so as to keep the field as near level as possible. Having selected the proper places for the back furrows, pace from each end of the field three less paces than one side of the land ; then place the guide gtake at one end and start the plow from the other, using care to drive the first furrow straight and parallel from the side of th field. Plow back and forth, throwing the furrows together, until you have a strip six paces wide plowed; then plow across the end of this back-furrowed strip at each round, using care to start the furrow across the end of this back- furrowed strip parallel with the end of the field and the furrows straight, so that the angles at the corners are right angles; men when you come to hmsh the land it will come out even on the gide and end of the plowed land. For the second land, having gelected the place for the back furrow, pace from each end of t he line nine less paces than the number of Daces from the last fur row of the land last plowed, place the guide stake at one end of land and start the plow Irom the other, and plow as he fore until you have a stripgix paces wide plowed, throwing tne lurrowg together, and then plow across the end, as before, anu eo continue until there are but six paces remaining in the Btrip between the back furrows. Then plow back and forth on this strip, throwing the furrows alternately toward one back furrow and then the other, until completed, and go continue until the field is completed. The advantage of this method of lay ing on lanu over tne ones in common use is that you have the field plowed without turning on and tramping down the plowed ground at each corner of the land, and that the dead furrow by end ing at the end of the field carries the surface water completely past the plowed ground and thus gives a much better drainage than is done by plowing around a land and turningon the plowed ground and finishing the land a number of paces from the end of the field, so that there is no outlet for the water gathering in the dead furrows. Another advantage of thig method of laying oil lands is tins : Instead of pil ing up a number of furrows of the soil on the outside edge of the field, where it is of little or no use and is often of great damage by holding the surface wa ter on the held, it tends to work the plowed soil more toward the center of the field, where it is of use, and makes the edge of the field low, bo the drainage is more complete. Wood AhIich. The ashes of wood contain every ele ment taken from the soil by plants of all kinds. While there ig a difference between plants to some extent, there ie a close resemblance between them in the quantity and kind of mineral matters they contain. These consist, of potash lime, phosphoric acid, alumina magne sia, soda and silica chiefly. The most important of these are the first three, and the potash especially. The compo sition 01 asnes varies mostly in the pro portion of lime and potash thev contain. this being from a few per cent "to 70 or more of the first and from 3 to 30 of the latter. The wood ashes known as Can ada ashes in the market have an average 01 o per ceiu 01 poiasn ana au ot lime when nnleached, and a little more lime and about 1 per cent of potash in the lencnea. ine pnospiioric acid is from 2 to 3 per cent in both kinds ; the potash is the most soluble part of the ashes. As they have quite a large amount of lime, there is no necessity to mix lime Willi mem ior use as a fertilizer, but it is useful to add some phosphate and some kind of nitrogenous substance with them to make them a complete fertilizer. Thus a ton of ashes may have 200 pounds of fine ground bone or good superphosphate and 100 pounds of nitrate of soda or of dried blood and flesh fertilizer added for one acre. In the use of these fertilizers noerauiy is me true economy. Carbolic Aeld In Poultry Yard. Carbolic acid is one of the best ad juncts of the poultry-house, but don't lose sight of the fact that it is a strong poison. If carelessly left around vol,,. able fowlg may be found dead. A writer in ine rouiiry iteview referg to a case where a careful htwuLtr noa.1 a ni...: t .1 unui t BUIUWOI of the common red variety for a disin- lectant, ami the gramg were picked up bv the fowls, as it. wuh aeotiu.! ground. Two valuable liens were found dead, ami a post-mortem examination revealed the action nf ti,a ..;.! , - t - - - --- ... ...u min, disintectunt this acid is very valuable, mil 11 siiuimi oe used in very weak solu tion. A small nnatililv .!. l.l .1. , .. . , - -1 I" ine whitewash when whitewashing the in- v., ,..0 , iiiuii?b ih a great im provement. Keen the enrlll.. ..!. : - . --- -r .... will, 11, 1, 1 I, safe place and connucuoiislv llu,i0.i and you may save vain regrets afterward! rrernutlon With Vign. Sonietiiiies in nnitu f All .. iirevnuuons the sow will lie found in the act of de- ,.w iviiiik, i nave never had any trouble of this kind, but have known it to be prevented by moistening the pigs backs with a cloth saturated with coal oil. l.astlv. if vou wonl,l avi.l 1 the nliH'ntni, wma ...r....i.. 1 KriKiuy cieau and dry, and give the dam no swill ti.. i. very sour. The writer knows from many vears of gtioeesful experience that, if these sue- ,, , , '"""wed, Dili lew Pics will lie hist. Will, , i""rui. prices mum t-iM-, iiotiunK win pay better I careful attention to details than raisi for ung pigs. Food for Xrrj Young ( hlrkrni. A good down East authoritv .-. ti.i feeding soft food to a brood of chickens ' until three weeks old is a mi.t.ira. r. i oatmeal, cracked wheat and Indian Win". 1 ni'i-a L-ii with .n ...... : : . ., . J , ..... ...... ... ,.k , re ,ne H8t ar. tides of food, and thev should never be ........ ...,!, ui tlran waier, tak rig care to arrange the pans so that the chicken, cannot j.impVnto them and get ' wet. A simple method of Join thi.Ki. to use saucers with a common flower pot inverted in each, so as to leave a small cm-nlar space of water at the edge ac rouble to the bills of th chicks THE MIDWINTER EXPOSITION Calitorsia Midwistm . I IIOSAl. EXPOSITION DEPARTMENT OF PCBUC1TV AND PROMOTION. J Weekly Circn'sr Letter -Ko. B-l Added to the many attractions whica have already made the California "ter" national Exportion famous a. a center of entertainment, as well a a center or instruction aud education, there will bo reproduced on April 17, 18 and 19 the great Mardi Gras Carnival which has attracted multitudes to the city of JNew Orleans and which has made the name " Mardi Gras" and that of the " Crescent City" synonymous. This idea of repro Cucing in the City of the Golden Gate the wonderful pageant which has drawn for so many years, was suggested as an accessory to tha t,-,inn-nt.r T?TTvirinn. and it has been , : . i taken hold of so energetically by th. ( business men of San Francisco that not only is its success poured in this in- j gtance, but there is already a strong j .... .. , ., . ur i.: 1-ffnnanta probability mat tne .juysuu , of the Golden West" will play their I part every year in tho history of San , Francisco just as the Hystio Crewe of Coraus hes playcl its part in low Or- leans. . The material for this cmt pageant . , . r . . I I r .3 i nag been accumulating lornuvcim uc.-. now in a lurge Duiiuing lemiiu'01" erected in a secluded part of the exposi tion grounds, and a force of workmen and artists are constantly employed building floats and carrying out the plans of those who have the matter in charge Tho carnival people call them selves "The Mystic Argonauts of tho Golden We.it," and their beautiful colors of criuuon, green and gold are beginning to be worn all over the city. On Tuesday, April 17, T.ex arrives at the foot of" Market street on his royal barge and will be escorted to the expo sition grounds in triumph. There the keyg of the city will be turned over to His Highness, metaphorically, and from that time on the King of the Carnirivl will Lave it all liU o-.vu way. On 'Wed nesday, the 18th, will occur the grand carnival parade in the evening. It will then be seen that not only is the great New Orleans Mardi Gras being produced here in ban Francisco, but that there will have been added a great many nnique and original feature. It is pro posed that the parade of floats and ev erthing else in connsction with the pro cession shall ba made around the expo sition grounds and through the great field that has been prepared for a recre ation grounds. At that point an im mense frame is to bo erected, aud each float or other feature will be halted di rectly behind that frame, and the great search li;rlit from the top of the electrio tower will be turned full upon it in view of the vast concourse winch will un doubtedly be apseinbleJ upon the grand stand and upoa every available point of view. 0:i the cveni.is of Friday, April 19, takes place the Carnival ball. As to tha success of this ball of all nations there can bo no manner of doubt, for every foreirn commissioner and the Midwin ter exposition, and every representative of a foreign concession or of a foreign exhibit, have already promised to take part and to introduce in the grand inarch on that occasion the funny and peculiar people of whom they have con trol. Arrangements are being made for the running of spocial trains from all parts of the Pacific Coast during this carnival season, and it is confidently ex pected that that week of the fair will bs the greatest in the history of the expo sition, ine work that is being done in the preparation of the floats is already a guarantee that those are to be no tawdry accessories. There will be seen on this occasion some of tha most artistic crea tions ever presented in a street paseant. An effort is being made to secure the closing of business houses throughout tne city on the opening day of the Car nival, and it goes without saying that little or no business will be done on the evenings which are to be devoted at the exposition to tho night parade and to the carnival ball. The element of romance, which has doubtless existed under the rose ever since the inception of the exposition, has at last manifested itself in no uncertain torms. On Sunday, April 1, there was a marriage in one of the cars of the Firth wheel. The contracting parties were Alexandor Von Gunther and Er nestine Schneider. The interesting part of the story in connection with this marriage is that this was not tha first time that this same couple had be united in matrimony. Years ago they took each other for better or for worse, and each decided that it was worse than bet ter. At any rate they drifted apart, and they only met a few weeks ago on the platform of the Firth wheel where both had come to see tht sights of the expo sition. Tho meeting was so strange and the pleasure was so mutual that they at once forgot past differences and agreed to kiss and make tip. What more nat ural than they should decide to be mar ried on the verywhed whose turning brought them face to face aft or so long a separation ? And where was the sense of being married a second time without some novel feature being connected with it? Hence it came to pass that this tonple wero married in the Firth wheel The chimes in the .tower of the Liberal Arts building pealed forth the wedding bells at the moment the preacher pro nounced them man cud wife. All the other cars of the wheel were full of wedding guests, and the weddino- 4. ey consisted of a trip twice round. mis marriage would seem to have tarted a perfect matrimonial fever in the -exposition. There have been two Indian marriage and onB p. i wedding within a week. One of the ex position guards married a girl who had been attending a soda water booth, and there have been two vacancies on the staff of the exposition typewriters occas ioned by hasty resignation with matri monial intent. And now th -jo Camp has offered to furnish V jurtic. of the peace and a hundred doll. ll Mexican couple who will wmeTotlH tobesplimlinthe oli CC l aud the gates of the 1 bv BarkUes. " . Swearing Chlu.m.n. In England, at the Old Bail.. Chinaman wa's panted n Important cae. t. ' w ness 'n i lire of ... . "S . ""e the r many through the alli of . It was decldwl t,, h. w Bn ,nt'n'reter, , heall of 7nk over the 12 doj Z "ST WUnrM- thta .J Jom." " 1 " Banian pIWRlMl , ,J" . Supreme Bei whom he worT., ,0 jnf that hi. own ClyZ Into a. ninny piece. , tie " testimony he u .bom to , nC " th" b. th. JtU, truth ?oVkno n.,rn0i."n.",U""d ''' V mm CnrT from the Btwte mnd the cou d not be Impr.v.ed hm xii,h i Coniir- Threhapenso a Duzzen N B X-Z "j"? Crente So AN ODD REGULATION. HOW THE HOUSE OF COMMONS GETS MEMBERS TO PRAYER3. Piety Not Always the Incentive to Pnnct alltj Sparred by the Desire to Sit Do?. Ing the Day's Proeeedlne The Cete monlal of Opening the Boose. TO,n hnncA nf commons is uiiM.i mnnff the legislatures of the world in having no complete accommodation for r its members. There are altogether 670 members of the house, and there are exactly 430 seats, of which only 806 1 are on the floor. The speaker takes the J ' chair at 8 o'clock, except on Wednes- , a tha hiMicfl linn nrrrcit nays, anu umo "- to what are called "morning sittings . wnlcn begin at 2 o'clock. Three o clock lg 8Ufficiently late in the afternoon, jna,ng t,y the example of other legis- J J O O - ' iatureB) nt it is too early ior ine men , of business, the practicing lawyers and ! men of fa8hjon) vvho still form so la afactorjn the membership of par- ' liament rt ia rarely therefore that v thpre are more than a few members in' ' ttpn(1ance at tl)at hour. Another rea- son for tnis aDstensiuu maj uo ... , . - l.n !.,,. this is the hour of devotion, fcacn sit ting of the house is begun by the sol emn reading of prayers by the speaker's chaplain, at present the well known Archdeacon I arrar. Tfiose wno attena prayers reap an immediate and earthly reward. On the large table that stands in front of the speaker's chair there is a box which contains a number of cards with the word "Prayers" printed upon them. The member who has attended pray ers writes his name on this card and thereafter places it in the small slot which is at the back of each Boat in the house, and for that particular evening that seat is his. He may leave tho Beat for hours, but he is entitled to it when ever he retnrns and can expel any per son who may have taken it during his absence. There are only two classes of persons in the house who have ony set tled rights with regard to Beats. The front bench on the right hand si do of tho speaker'g chair is. called the treas ury bench, and on this sit the various members of the existing administration. The bench immediately opposite is call ed the front opposition bench, and on this Bit the members of the previous administration. There are, it will be thus easily un derstood, two peculiarities under these circumstances about tho attendance at prayers, vim, the gentlemen usually present are not always those most dis tinguished for their piety. The caustic editor of Truth has taken in recent years to laying the foundation stones of nonconformist places of worship, but nobody would be less likely to set up u claim for special piety than Mr. Labou chere. Nevertheless, every night of the week Mr. Labouchcre listens with pious attention to tho ministrations of the chaplain. The secret reason is that the first seat on the front bench below tho gangway is a place peculiarly well suited for the guerrilla thnt is ever on the watch for the momont to make an'" onslaught on a wicked administration, and Mr. Labouchere, as the chief of the guerrillas, is especially fond of this seat and has occupied it for years. This incumbency, though sanctified by so many years of usage, has still to be won by regular attendance at every even ing's prayers. The rule is inflexible, except in the cases already mentioned, that a seat can be held only for one night, and that then it shall be won by attendance at prayers. The second pe culiarity is that the men who are most in want of the assistance of prayers, as having the heaviest responsibility upon their shoulders the members of the ad ministration and the leaders of parties are always conspicuously absent. Just before prayers are begun the procession of the speaker to his place in the house takes place. Enough of the old ceremonial still exists to make this a quaint and interesting spectacle. The speaker still wears the large, full bottomed wig of state occasions, is dressed in a short tailed coat, covered by a sweeping robe, wears knee breeches and low shoes with large buckles. Be hind and before him is a small cohort of attendants the senreant-at-arma bearing the mace, the chaplain with prayerbook in hand, the trainbearer holding up the train and two or three other attendants, the exact purpose of whom it is impossible to tell beyond the desire to make the procession more imposing in point of numbers. The sergeant-at-arms, like the speaker, is arrayed in knee breeches, with low shoes. He carries a sword hv bin aiilo. but is allowed todisnense with tho witr. The ceremonial is made more imposing by the policemen and attendants, who shout along the corridors which sepa rate the speaker's house from the house of commons: "Speakerl Speaker!" a shout which has a strango, indefinable effect, however often heard, and stirs the blood somewhat as tho rlrpnma nf De Quincey were moved by the recol lection of the Roman consul nnssinir over the Appian way. It sounds like a reminiscence and momentary embodi ment of all the fierce triumphs, tragic and world shaking events which are associated with the history of the aueust nnrlinmonr Great Britain. When the SDeaker raM,a , ill the chief of the police force attached "to the bouse repeats the cry, "Speaker!" with the additional wotiIb "Hto nir strangers," and it is rarelv that the lobby, however noisy and tumultuous before, does not full Into . n,rtai ;.,m silence as this black, solemn and pic turesque group sweeps by. When the speaker enters the hone, every member rises from his seat. The , walks " ,? tWfl r thre6 timcs M he Z . P tho floor' aml me of the KeDtlen" and the more cere- TjtW Tmhcn ot the house bow at Tn m- Power O'Con- Dr in Harper's Magazine. Curium Kpecimei... ... T , ? "Iciinon of orthography llt7' honse ln a "reet in MTlebone: "TheMnnIfnlli,,T,i.i Mornin. ttltfeniCf M,Ce i1'"8 fltcd PUbUo ttention to his cold commodity: ArS.w"tltP','ninl t n on.oie or Follow no new dor v But wnl to me In a tr AX my og Ice - Luiiuii rrcMin .. . a. Cham ben' Journal.