Ms&sm
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
'
Raising Poultry in America Making It a ProfitahiTTT-
- ' I" "USliii
regardless of tho breed or variety or feeding, I would ccrtnlnly prefer tlm iw u... . y
Towls to which it Is fed. mnsh plan, w r Ono ho tr""".
Tho Now Jorsoy mash, designed espo- iiw-i. i.r,.. t.,i.,, .... i''ro and fep,i i, not in,. .
daily for tho feeding of Loghorns, is ,. vnll ... .... ,.,',,'"', . r L VgIlt' But inT"'""?1
highly recommended. . " fun "' 'I ? Z OS.0't,,oy '" Sv!!. " .! W. ??tt2
I'ounuB.
lout noultrjmi e around emln, or
ill, mliturc In the ration RupnUtd to
llifir riiKHH nnu nuuii iowi( iui mtio .
...- .. ...I-..-.. ..... .1I..M, Ilia l..lt
H UIT1S1UI1 VI Ulliuiuu irKiiiuiiift iw uv-
method of feeding It. A 'r tatfmrnt of
both lde of thn case In glten In the fol-
Mont
luaah
tliel
limine contrltiutioni
JJY PltOFESSOK FREDEMO II. STONE
BURN. GRAIN, In some form, constitutes tho
major part of tho ration commonly
fed to poultry. In practice, this is
fed whole, cracked or ground. In tho lat
ter form It may bo wholo grain ground
to tho required degrco of fineness, as
cornmcal or ground oats, or only certain
portions of tho grain, as Imin, middlings,
gluten, etc.
It is quito probable that during tho
early days of tho poultry Industry in this
country, tho grain was commonly fed
.whole. Later, ns tho milling industry de
veloped and byproducts becamo available
tho latter wcro mixed with tablo Bcraps
nnd other waste, and fed to tho birds. Still
later, special mixtures of ground mate
rials, were mado and mns,h-fcedlng be
camo general. Today, ono will scnrcoly
find a flock of any considerable slzo
.which docs not roceivo n meal of ground
ntuff virtually overy day.
, Advniitnges of Ground Grains.
1 Thoro uro many very good reasons for
llio uso of mash mixtures.
First, finely ground material Is prob
ably digested moro rapidly. It is quito
posslblo that it is not moro completoly
digested and assimilated than wholo
grain, becauso naturo has provided our
domestic fowls with a wonderful appara
tus for grinding their food, nnd little, if
any, passes unchanged through tho or
gans of digestion'. But laying hens nnd
rapidly growing chicks requlro a great
nmount of nutriment so tho rnto of diges
tion Is very Important. If much of tho
clow work of grinding is dono by machin
ery considerable tlmo is saved.
Mash feeding is economical. Tho vari
ous byproducts of grain, ns bran, gluten
meal, middlings, etc., may usually bo pur
chased at n lower prlco than tho wholo
grains from which they nro mado In most
cases, too, theso byproducts nro richer In
tho exponslvo nutrients than arc tho wholo
grains.
Mash mixtures may also bo used as
carriers for other materlnls, ns tablo
scraps, meat trimmings, vegetables and
fruit waste, skim milk, cut clover, otc.
When properly made, tho mash is
bulky, distends tho digestive- organs nnd
overcomes the danger of n concentrated
Jntlon.
Tho fowls on Joy n good mash, especially
iVluui it Is ted moist.
A carefully compounded mnsh almost
invnrlalily increases tho egg ylold as com
pared with that secured from nil oxcluslvo
.wholo or cracked grain ration.
In tho enso of growing chicks thoro is
jio doubt thnt tho mash Induces moro
rapid growth.
For tho abovo very good reasons tho
utility poultrymnn, tho ono who is look
ing for maximum flnnnclnl returns, should
eortnlnly adopt this mothod of feeding,
especially for his stock which produces
innrkct eggs. Thoro aro some who hold
thnt oxcluslvo wholo-graln feeding is do
Hlrablo for breeding birds, claiming that
liottor hatching eggs result. Exhibitors
of cortnin' breeds of poultry, in which
linrd, closo feathering is essential, aro also
jmrtlal to tho feeding of wholo nnd
cracked grains entirely. Dut these nro ex
ceptions. MMiir (he Mnsh.
In making up tho mnsh mixture, ono
h influenced by sovornr"fnctors. As n
matter of economy, tho lowest priced
uultnblo materials nro used. As feed
lirlcos vary in different sections, ono
iihould study his local markets nnd buy
to best advantage
Tho mixture should bo palatablo to
tho fowls, In ordor to Insure- heavy con
numptlon. It should bo compounded ns
to bo bulky, not highly concentrated or
composed entirely of finely ground mate
rials, as flour or middlings.
Thoro nro a number of stnndnrd mnsh
mixtures which hnvo boon thoroughly
tested nnd found entirely satisfactory un
tler a wldo rnngo of conditions, nnd somo
of thoso nppenr bolow. It will bo noted
thnt theso do not vary greatly In composi
tion, but contain virtually tho snmo ma
terials, though in slightly different quan
tities. Tho mnsh which hns been used con
idstontly In nil tho North Amorlcnn Invlng
competitions nnd which lias bocomo" ex
tremely populnr ns n result of tho romnrk
nblo results oblnlned in theso events. Is
mndo up us follows:
u'ii..t i.i-n.. Pound.
C.'orniuciil TXn
tlluton feed !!. ion
tlround oimh ion
u'dont .,,1,1, in.,:. J 'K9
r.owK,defnm';::::::'::::-'"-,"t' it
CM" " " 5n
iliio Ijfpf Hiraii a
This mixture eims to bo satisfactory
I'UIWIUI
Wlionf 1.,-nti 5nn
Wheat middlings 200
Ground oats 200
Cornmcnl 100
Ulutcn meal 100
Cut alfalfa 100
HlBh-Eraclo beef scrap 100
During July, August nnd Soptcmbor, an
equal amount of oil meal Is substituted
for tho gluten meal, nnd when tho slock
hns access to unrestricted quantities of
fresh green food tho nlfnlfn is gradunlly
omitted.
The Cornell mnsh contains:
.... . . Pounds.
Wheat bran. , .10
Wheat middlings 00
Cornmcal 00
Unseed meal 10
Alfalfa meal 10
Meat scrap DO
Salt i
Tho following mnsh lias been used with
much success at tho West Virginia ex
periment station:
.... . . Pounds.
Wheat bran 6T
Wheat middlings 30
Cornmcal , , 35
Oil meal io
lleef scrap , 25
It might bo ndded hero that tho mash
requires seasoning. Tho usual custom Is
to add flno snlt nt tho rnto of n half
pound to every 100 pounds of tho mixture.
This should bo distributed throughout tho
whole mass, not loft In lumps, as serious
troublo may arlso from this lnttcr source.
In fact, mashes should Invariably bo even
ly and thoroughly mixed so thnt each hen
will get her shnro of all tho different in
gredients. May Bo Fed Wet or Dry.
Whethor it is best to feed tho mnsh
moist or dry Is n question that cannot
bo nnswercd In n word. Tho conditions
obtaining on each plunt must lnfluonco
this.
Until about 1G years ngo, virtually all
poultrymen usod tho wot, or moist, mash.
About that tlmo somo fow started to feed
tho mnsh dry, and within a very fow years
this plan wns widely adopted. Somo ob
servers scoin to feel thnt thcro Is a re
action nnd that n tendency Is manifested
on the part of many lurgo operators to re
turn to tho moist mash. It may bo suf
ficient to stnto that cither method will
glvo satisfactory results If properly usod.
I havo used both methods and havo
been successful with both. Under cer
tain conditions, especially whero I could
personally nttend to the detnlls of feed
ing nnd hnd available n regular supply of
tablo scraps to uso with tho ground
grains, without tho ndditlon of other
economlcnl materlnls , or if dependent
upon inoxperlcnced help to look nftor tho
nnd throw
iKSSi
nctenttSSrit3Sa
"iuvuu and nn. ."'" U r
.. "uailj.ii.7tH
Unrf "? Z7$
tlm ' " r mm. . Z"Vs
sraS-JMSi
feedlnc. I would ccrtntnlv nrrfm n, .i...,
mnsh plan.
I'oirta Prefer Moist Marti,
If you lot the fowls chooso, they will
solect tho moist mnsh. They scoin to pro
for this to nny other part of tho rntion
Whothcr thoy will lay better whon so fed
Is a question which is open to debntc I
will not attempt to answer It.
When mixing tho moist mnsh tho ut
most caro must bo exercised to securo tlm
proper consistency. It should bo ovcnlv
moistened throughout, not wot In corta n
spots nnd dry In othors, nnd tho who"
mass should bo In a crumbly condition
Too much molsturo mnkes tho feed slop v
imp ensant to hnndlo nnd frequently n
fortl o cause i of dlgestivo disturbances In
tho flock. If top 1 Ittlo molsturo Is tised
tho pnrticles of feed do not Btlck toKotli
er. But better tho latter than the former
lhoro is no evidonco to warrant tho
bollef that it pays to thoroughly cook
tho mash, u practlco that at ono time was
not uncommon. At least tho results of
experimental work do not Indicate that
tho cooked food gives bettor results.
However, certain Ingredients of com
mon mnshes seem to bo favorably influ
enced by the notion of hot water, jl would
personally prefer to uso hot water In"
stead of cold whon ranking moist mnshes
preparing tho dnily meal sufficiently ill
ndvnnco of feeding tlmo to permit it to
cool before placing it in tho feedlnc
troughs. b
Regnrdlng tho mntter of the best tlnm irwri..i. .. if
to food tho dally allowance of moist mnsh" ' ' ' r'Sl,, ,915' &
BUCCCSSflll nnllltl'VIllnn nrn nnl I- .' . "" 7.?
Some feed It in tlm tiinrninn- m,... .' Iiicromln,. ci.. .. J
noon still others nt night. Excellent
results hnvo been scoured under nil thrco
plans, which might Indlcnto that tho hour
of feeding is of relatively minor Import
ance Personally, I would feed tho moist
mnsh ns tho last meal of tho day, becauso
I hnvo found thnt I can thus Induco heav
ier egg production, koop tho stock In bet
ter condition, nnd do tho work moro con
veniently. ,
In order to economlzo time, tho moist
mnsh is given but onco dally, nud n full
mcnl should bo supplied at ono time. If
this is fed In tho morning, or oven at
noon, tho birds quickly fill their crops
nnd hnvo no Incentive to tnko tho oxorclso
which Is so cssontlnl to their well-being
I prefer to keep them hustling for their
scratch grain during n largo part of tho
day, then fill them up with tho mnsh nnd
send them to roost In that condition. On
the nverngo farm It will bo found moro
convenient to tnko tho tlmo to nttend. to
this work Into in tho afternoon than In tho
early morning, when many duties demand
attention.
In tho hands of an experienced poultry
m""" i.a,s
i
Inn
nil or tho greate ! ,
most i.no. r.'l.r tan .V
J0'"asto,.
"neu, nothing caiiJV'S
",0!. "o ma.t,V?uJ eiffl
negligent, can kin . ""w
V "' hoppers n? ""
n.essrtV8,ffistl
do not relish it ,? H
"ajfiBftsS!
works well 5 fuiuV. MVi
'net that It i88 ld,2?
hers of 8UcceuSi&
farms, whero hcau ,,,(,?" I
secured, n I, ZA
iiiuiorv ropi! n.. ... :' "'t
tlons. '""ue"'04Mjet
Inrrrntlni ci.. ... JM
if the fnwi. ..."r Vm
E-tis-Kra
minor points. If thefLvSfl
narrow-brcMted, select ,S
bird wit), female. .iSiT..fa
""Ho should bo robmt Sti.
comb and wattle. & ft
Tho slzo of tho feet ud CJ
an indication n t u.i,..a
small feet and iegsVZ
1 On HllV vntlmr.l... i '.."'
Ing long and snake'y hMJiuu
s ow In feathering up 'S
.......... ,w uU Krappy IS 10 It hi
,!!o,!int'8n.0t'.wci,a1
o...,. wiu 1-bb quaiiuci, teleel ti
'.i uii'usis, uroau UctinJi
a 1) do men.
a
n
Tho wheat crop of rrtrui
jvui o.iui-ii'u senoui ainiM
cesslvo rains. ThlsmakesUe
cussiro poor crop, last year's
uiunngeu in mo same war,
I
t I
a i i ill 1 J
: - z.uiviiy j
(lij?rtt.
MAiuWianOii
aul.lnn rw, sT -rrii-iifeiiw
cominorcjnl poultry nlniiti. pal"' ol' Bma" nck" on Kcnornl furnu'ln nil parts or the country. nitoa
!!!".".u,ur" i'lIear"tho KUln.'lSmmomuVSilmVA'ho S?'1." ht"vh yi'lch ro constantly senichlnit for chicken dlwiri
lnon thlnar to sco ifulnea cocUs tnko wl ni? nin "i. !n uVi'r,"1", cr' w,,lcl "pn's tho posslblo victims scurrjIntT to cow, lib
"-" " i tin ii (uiiicii iuu ii car luu imviijipvp, ..
.... .. j - i . l aii in nrnia
..:.'.:"' iMutflui u uiriiK nr ir unf ri.ii.,.. .... -..:
n v-n r f n it .t ..... 1. .. -- 'ill iuil-iii iisii 11 11 1 a !..
'.. .i.V.V. v" "i"5" u"('r oxist inir condltloii iweni .. ,r !! ""' '",ju""y ono in maintain nar a iiock. inry '.vi:
ttnii'.ejlf"wl.nff Hla"lu Horn on tho "ill" of ?2i u ',,.','. .K.rf!n.t a?ma tor them In our nmrkots. llrolled gulnit rtUi
tnules. csnunlnliv iim.., ,.t ..... t " .V.vJ '"? "k uic ut mnnv liluh.i'lnau n,in..ni. -. ......,in intn null cammOBUi
which wero foriiieVlv ,,,.i '",.. "." ' fact, tliono ndil fowls nro inrirViv ". ..Art.i ,... ,A "tnC .n ol.ee of ctrtiii (
Tho Kulmiu fowl Is n TiatTvo of A friJ n . . .w "UHi cult to secure.
tnL. 'e '""nt!. wild In Sri?ai nnAra?S,r a" ''" "w chanecd but little. If nny. under domestication. It li " ttotteP
bJ'th'tMn?! Kr,T "i?""i2HtIM.Pi?,S5w4-,lirlJ iVi i?i22t?iR,non,varler-. ?" "" 1" okn from the mall. !
both pourl und white f.nii,..r. M' 1,"-r- also bti alrin of nuro whitn l.lr.iu nn.i ..m it.rrrmipnt Iv tote roeni rt "
XSSk SSVKK S,Sa A!J; H'i'Mvo airricuiiy in WW,) ffi
niii.. i.T. .i. i ' '."" ni""u or i in rerun e Knriim.. .1' V ... ""I't mm ricncr color, especially on iuu ncv. :"',",.tir,irf-
"'"X,!? "'o fcmnlu. u 'l"""- urthcr, thu fumlllnr call "como bnck" or "buckwheat" us vnrlouily Intcrpmn-
UUIIIOn IOU'In Itn, unnrfr.,ll. t . . ,2,
fcHii iviii. ii.;.i.i-"i7.::r".';.,'''u "y, nna win ustiniu. -.. ... .... .. ... ... ........ .,mittidu
'cfirnrtiicss 01 tne coin, ; t:: ,i,,a
unl condition. IMs iuitaawdUolrtiMJ
iv Numn tr nioniiif. iuv 11a -
larKoiiumbor. ..h. r.MOtH
- . --T . ---- ...,V(, Muikiicu, rciisniinitiv iinniv nd nnr iiirriniiii id rci n "-
""Rhhyu cions. hut thlH I. ot ns Ininorlant Sf.S.'
....q w.cy convert Insects una crops alike li.ib " a ,ubT' i product th0' PlCk U ' I" "''" ? they really nro a ttw
SwSrle'
o On. ca chicks, .', W iVa'Ml.v'i S SSaM'