rMm " v 'ivjsrwvw' HOME AND FARM MA'GAZINE SECTION Raising Poultry in America Making It a Profitable - Many experiment poullrfmen contend 4 Hint hen-brooded chlekn nro belter, tlronger and more tleroroun (linn those itrown In arllflrlnl brooders. Tliln question eer- Slnlnly open to detinte, but It l undeniably true that hem will, under proper con- dillona, renr chick of Well quality and I ultli n mini I pcrrcnlnte ot Iom, Ttiei folloubiK contribution Ii lull or bflpful Information regarding tlic proper nmnngt-mcnt of tlio mollicr hem and their broods. iiv ritor. rnnonnio it. btonebuiw. T IS an easy matter to rniso a few ciiIcltB with hens, but an ontiroly dif ferent proposition to grow a largo number, through excluslvo uso of tho natural method of brooding. Thla ex plains why tho artificial method of brooding Is used almost exclusively on ' most commercial poultry farms. Tho time required to properly attend to a single brood of IS chicks Is not worth considering. But when one has 1G00 chicks divided Into 100 llttlo flocks, bcattered about over a considerable area, each demanding attention sovcral times dally, tho detail work demanded soon grows tlrcsomo. It Is so much easier to attend to tho same number of chicks In a convenient brooder house, or to thrco flocks of 600 each under colony brooders, that fow poultrymcn stick to tho old raothod nfter they have reached a point whero tholr flocks of chicks arc really largo In size. lli'iiltruoled Chicks I'lefctTcd. This Is not an Intimation that it Is Impossible to grow many chicks by tho natural method. In certain sections ot the country, notably In New England, many poultry fnrraors who maintain very largo flocks of fowls depend upon broody hens to hntch and rear nil tho chicks. I) tit it will bo observed that theso men have studied tho problem carefully and have provided the equipment which en ables them to most conveniently nnd efficiently care for tjic hens and their broods. Unless some system Is applied to this work, one need not expect to sc curo entltcly satisfactory results. Tho more Important details of management nro presented below. In general, theso apply to almost any poultry plant. Minor details may be changed to meet tho pe culiar conditions surrounding each par ticular en so. Proper feeding Is of primary import ance. This matter w'as fully discussed In a recent Issue of this publication, and tho points then brought out will not bo icpeatcd hero. However, It might bo well to Ktnto that the feeding problem is really simpler when tho chicks are moth ered by hens than when grown in brood ers. This Is not duo to any dlffcronco in tho chicks, but rather to tho conditions sur rounding them. Each hen Is usually given but ti small number of chicks, and, ns n rule, these small broods are per mitted to havo considerable liberty. In tho brooder, from GO to GOO chicks nro kept In one flock and In many cases they aro confined In yards of relatively Mil a 11 size. Tho hen-brooded chicks mny, thcreforo, pick up much natural food, ns worms, Insects, fresh green stuff, nnd the like, nnd they further hnvo tho ac tivo assistance ot tho hen In finding theso tidbits. Tho brooder chicks, on tho other hand, must depend upon tho nttcndnnt to Biipply ovor thing which they need in tho way of foodstuffs. When feedlug chicks with hens, espe cially whoro oxponslvo chick feeds aro used, It Is advisable to piovldo n special feeding placo for tho youngsters, so nr lnngcd that tho mother hen cannot get nt tho costly ration. Feed hor on any ordinary grain mixture which is less ex pensive. Tho disposition of the mother hen Is nlso nn important matter. Some bens nro naturally motherly, kind nnd atten tive to tholr broods, pleasant to manage. Theso will usually rear a largo percentage ot the chicks intrusted to them. Others, with equally good Intontlons, nro clumsy, stepping upon and crushing many of tho chicks, still othcrB nro nonniis nnd flighty or cross nnd quarrel come. Such birds may moro profitably be returned to tho !alng flock and their (hicks given to the dcpcndnblo kind. Select .Mother lions Willi Care. Tho observant poultrymnn can usually ph'k out tho unsatisfactory Individuals vhllo thoy are Incubating or very shortly nfter they aro given chicks. And it pnjs lo watch this matter caroftilly. The construction of tho brood coop Is next In Importance, u is most short sighted policy to provide coops which will meet the requirements of tho llttlo fam ilies onl wheii tho most fnvoinblo con ditions obtain. Tar better, design nnd build them In such a way that thoy will fully serve their purpose under tho worst pomlblo conditions. Then thev will sure ly be entlsfactor nt other times. Chicks, like adult fowls, lequlrc quar tern which nre dry, well-ventllntcd, light im kuiiii, anu roomj. Further, they must bo protected against tho nttneks of tho many enemies that besot them. Dryness Is mcroly n mattor of caroful construction. A cheap box may bo mndo weather-proof by ineroly tacking on a covering of tar paper or roofing mato rlal. Board floors, especially when Bllght ly elevated nbovo tho ground level, will prevent dampness from working up un derneath, Amplo ventilation mny bo secured In a variety of wnys. A small coop which is virtually open in front will always bo well ventilated, whllo freo from moving currents of air. . Make llrood Coops Itoomy. Possibly the greatest fault of tho aver age brood coop is its Biuall size. A coop 18 inches square will servo as n slcoplng room for a hen nnd brood of lisunl size, but It is ontiroly lundequato during stormy days when tho flock must ot necessity remain under cover. When a thriving flock is confined in such small spneo for two or thrco days at a time, as in tho enso ot rainy spells which bo frequently occur during Spring and early Summer, tho results will bo noted in checked growth and general unthrlftl ncss. Since a well-built coop will gtvo good service for many years and tho saving of only two or thrco chicks will pay for the additional cost of a roomy coop, it is mighty poor business policy to inako this structuro too smnll for comfort and efficiency. Virtually all night-prowling cnomlcs will bo baffled through tho uso ot n tight floor and having all openings In side walls covered with closo-meshed wlro netting. A necessary adjunct to the coop Is a small run or yard which confines tho lion whllo permitting the chicks to have their freedom. As a rulo It Is best to keep tho mother at homo until tho chicks nro well started in life, strong enough to fol low hor on tho long Journeys sho will usunlly take If given her freedom. Of course, tho hen may bo kept con fined In tho coop Itself, but sho will bo more contented nnd keep In batter con dition If permitted to cxcrclso In tho open nlr and scratch and wallow In tho dirt. Further, if permitted to got out side whoro sho can survey tho territory around her home, sho will often snvo many chicks by sounding tho nlarm when danger threatens. A very satisfactory yard may bo In expensively constructed of ordinary laths, by tacking theso on A-shnpcd frames. Tho end noxt to tho coop Is loft open, but both sides nnd tho other end nro In closed with laths nnllcd on somo thrco Inches apart. In such a run tho hen can sco all that is going on, can tako tho cxcrclso she requires, and tho chicks may run in and out ns they plcaso. In Europo commonly, and to somo ex tent In America, tho exercising yards aro dtsppnscd with nnd tho hens kept nt homo by tethering thorn to tho coops, to weights or to pegs driven into tho ground. A stout string of sufficient length is at tached to ono leg, tho other end being secured as nbove. Tho hens very quickly learn Just how far thoy can travel nnd thoy soldom," if ovor.j lnjitro thcmnolvdi by too vigorous pulling on their tother. Cleanliness is nlso necessary. Tho coop floor should bo cleaned at frequent Intervals nnd coop nnd run moved to fresh ground every fow days. It Is al ways advisable to keep tho floor covered with fresh, dry earth. This sorves tho double purposo of scaling up tho drop plugs and mnklng easy the work of cleaning. An occasional coat of whltownsh, or Bpraylng with somo good dlBlnfectnnt are desirable in order to keep tho In terior In sanitary condition nnd dis courage tho activities of lice nnd mttcs. These llttlo pests will, if not checked, virtually ruin any brood thoy attack. Tho various kinds of body lico aro best fought with good llco-kllllng powdors or ointments. Hen and chicks Bhould bo carefully examined nt Intervals and vig orous treatment given ns required. The blood-sucking mites llvo in cracks and crovlces in tho wnlls and floor of tho coop. Cleanliness nnd frequent Bpray ing with powerful disinfectants will at tend to them. Growing Chicks Itequiro Shade. Tho chicks should bo given access to plenty of shndy places under low-growing trees and buBhes, tracts of growing corn or other similar crops. By early Summer the scantily clnd youngsters suffer from tho rays of tho sun, nnd If natural shado is not available, cloth covered frames or heaps of evergreen brush should bo provided. Piles ot brush covered with pumpkin or squash vines mako ideal shelters and furnish snfo re treat against tho attacks of crows or hawks. Tho chick range should not bo too thickly populated. Overcrowding Is n most common fault and brings on a train of evils. Allow ench brood plenty of space. You will grow moro nnd bottor chicks under such conditions. Frequently circumstances compel tho chick raiser to grow many chicks on n limited nren. It then becomes his duty to pay particular attention to tho task of keeping tho soil In good condition. This Is best accomplished by frequent nnd thorough cultivation, using cither tho spado or tho wheel hoo to turn tho Biir faco under nnd bring fresh earth to tho top. Growing green crops aro n big holp, too. Patches of grass, clover or rape mny bo started under wlro-covered frames, tho latter being removed as soon ns tho plants hnvo becomo thoroughly established. Watch the water supply. Tho young- BUSim Mil -i " ouuuiU bo eU. ,sn,''ntreamft?1H "IIIIU Oil tin.,11- " t . Lt tho czr i. lt? 'i"i C?V5j hatch is ovc?1 'l ".v.. new quar( " """eft, ., Carry tho chick. h .oheDun(Iw;5la,t0I vlus,1al,I.A .SS3.SSft5S! uuuuicu lip" If .,. lMlUn Pls hens rcturncTNu From 10 to t .? ft ! ason of tho p AZ kuuu success from m.i ""m r0 chicks togX a 0ltt,N Curiously cnou&i.1.! quarreling under m rB twohens'aroSt1' quinine tno chicks Wii ' day or so, then -55 .?.. Thoy will not WMdtt?1?! tll they Raln Ttr 1' uciease tho brood, cin, ,? ing. It U rank f oIIt t w ' " fined for many ho '? or tlic most successful I have met known m a rule to lot his chtekitffij Keep an ejoonthente,. Sco that thoy have .tahM ircsiMator. Keep coon ufa Close the coop, up imhJJH watch the llttlo chaps trot! (Cop) right, ion, tyMteili,Uu,T Modestr. It must not be supposed tty me miiscr quoted SbakcMi or not to uo"-!n.hlsorirJa,j ma .Majesty is a good Sub Tho contrary mav i .-.i... incident which occurred it 1 1 ono oi tno Hcrlln embattle An English diplomat tu i somo big affair of the u lOdV. "As mir Immnri.l observed." thn itini.i "Thcro Is a tldo la the i&ijj mat, mitcn at tno flood, lain tune.' " Tho Kaiser looked potild. 'j -mar. is quite true, he Vi navo acquiesced, "but i Jor BfOlng It." London Tit-Bin'; - -., j WHITE ORPINGTONS. CfSfe ; YfUfiWiittiifflu .!,. a, w-. '-?2vs'?m'mm7i'V'1. iv ii TCBMttKJ&TO L' ' - r ''"sasassK-iC MM mL'u'w The Orpington U an KnslUh ccneral-purposo fowl. flrt pro.luco'uTn 1880. and generally Introduced Into AmerUtJ :. . 7 .'.'... : "-"- ".ii iu a mir ucBreo or rorfcction. Tho whlto vnrloty Is puro wiine m y." --- v rZ m t ? . BhnnkBJ MalM wclB" S'4 nnU 10 Pndsi females, 7 nnd 8 pounds, acordlne to ' ury satisfactory producers of brown-shellcd cccn. nn.i ..nv nt n j i,. u. t,i. nnuiirv. Th Innted by the late William Cnolt tuim nr..i.,.i . ... .. . .. .. . .u. - .. W. b,nck variety was tho' fim to n"? Somo breeder hnlil tlmt th .v,i. ...,.... . . . . ... . .... t...,t. lit! d ' Inated. Others believe that 3 C.n , V. VVi. .". ," .V.U . " ne.umcK: . W w ? .Tar" " " "J "mil, Ul Inrlclnfi- 11... ...I....... i. 7 v'' "reni ujooa, COniUllllnP tnat OJ tno uiock jiuiii.m ' VlMf!l4 maites oxcenont tauio paunrj. - - ,. Mr. Cool: first produced this new tort mm" aU by other varieties, as the nw klndnt"' Manv wlilte varieties of other breed ' White DortlrS I ti. a.Vv. . T' e"UrC,y l11fferent Wood, oomWnlnir that of tho Black Ilambor. TO.J It Is certain v deArv.nJ nf Z " ??"? lho "iit of this akotch U a true Orplnston iu shape and " l" iSKiSfVy -bother operatln, a commercU. Ntock. -- -- --.l 4 -------"