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HOME AND FARM MAQA-Z1NE SECTION
Profitable Business of Poultry Raising in AmeriCi
Tho brooding t.iMrm l. perhapa,
the mnt Intptrtnnt part of poultr)
plant equipment. Clilrk nmt be
mll rndi 'nr, and faulty brood
Ins opplLinm frequently cmie nch
low Hint Utile or no iirnfll ran be
4 termed, no mutter hoiv carefully (lie
plant h nperatril In oilier reHfl.
'Hie following hint from trofeor
J Stoneburn will prove lirlnful In any
a one uuo i iioit uriirKiiiiir nun nn a
t mot Important pmbleni.
l- ------------ 4
hy pitor. rni2Dniuc 11. stonehuisn,
HB profitable productive life of
our domestic chickens Is, un
fortunately, limited. As egg
producers, linns arc usually mo3t
profitable during the first and sec
ond lnlng seasons, and few commer
cial poultrymcn make a practice of
keeping any bird, gave n few choice
breeding specimens, moro than two
mohoiis. Many renew their flocks of
ln or ench year, selling their pullets
ns they go Into molt and replacing
them with early-hatched pullets.
Naturally, this situation makes It
Decenary for most poultry keepers
to grow each Spring at least as many
chicks as there arc adult birds In the
flock, If 50 per cent of tho latter are
to be replaced, since half the chicks
will be males. If the entire laying
flock Is to be renewed, two chicks
must bo roared for every adult In
the flock.
1'gg farmers, producers of table
poultry and fanciers arc alike con
fronted by this problem, and In lnrgo
degree their success In poultry hus
bandry Is determined by tho results
they secure In hatching and rearing
tli'o early crops of chicks.
Select Jltowlei Willi Cnre.
It follows, then, that one should
pay particular attention to his hatch
ing and brooding equipment. Any
rrasoimblo exponso hero is entirely
justified if good results nra obtained.
It is poor economy to save n few
dulliirs on brooders or brooder
houses only to lose all chance of
making u profit because of Inability
to raise chicks through faulty or
dangerous construction of machines
r buildings. On the other hand,
the most expensive machines nro not
necessarily most satisfactory. Moro
price Is not n guarantee of efficiency.
Thete Is n vast number of differ
ent types of brooders on the market.
One may cliooce between tho small
Tireless brooder accommodating a
scoro of chicks, tho lamp-heated
brooder with a capacity of CO to 100,
thu colony brooder for 200 to 1G00,
or the great plpo systems which will
enro for many thousands. Each has
Itu place, no ono is best suited to all
conditions. Therefore tho individual
poultrymnn must study his own prob
lem and ndopt that typo of brooder
which best fits Into his general
tichemc of management.
First of nil, tho brooder must bo
efficient It must rnlBo tho chicks.
Every other factor Is secondary.
There, Is no profit or satisfaction In
carrying chicks to tho brooder and
soon carrying them out to bury. Bet
ter have one good machine which will
rulso tho youngsters than fuss with a
Imlf dozen death traps in tho hopo
of finally getting n fair flock to
gether from them.
Tho machlno should bo safe
Cheaply constructed brooders may
cnuso flics which not only kill tho
flocks of chicks, but destroy vnluablo
property as well.
Tho brooder should bo convenient
to manage. Complicated dovlccs
which require constant attention nro
a nuisance, nnd In too many cases
the attendant Is tempted to neglect
them bocnuKO they are so trouble
some. Then disaster follows.
rinnlly, tho brooder should bo
economical In operation. Tho con
Niimptlon of fuel goes on 24 hours
each day, and If tho cost Is high tho
coit of each chick reared la corre
spondingly increased.
Durability ami Simplicity.
Of course, durability and slmplici
t) nro deslrnblo also, but offlclency,
ronvonlouce, safety and economy aro
primary considerations.
In the space available It is not pos
tdblo to dlscusH In detail tho rclatlvo
merits of the various types of brood
ers. The majority of poultrymcn aro
today using either tho lamp-heated
hovers or colony brooders, and tho
proper management of such machines
will bo outlined below. These direc
tions will apply to either, If tho dif
ference In their blze is borno In mind.
The house In which tho brooder Is
operated should bo tightly construct
ed, llnby chicks aro tender. They
need constant comfort and protec
tion. Therefore they should be
shielded against draughts, dampness
extreme fluctuations of temperatures
and tho mnny enemies which beset
them. Or, to revcrso this, tho houso
should bo dry, freely ventilated with
out causing direct draughts, light,
suiinv, cheerful and roomy. Prowling
rats.'cnts and skunks may bo baffled
by having properly constructed floors
nnd openings covered with closc
meshod wire netting.
Tho floor should bo dry earth cov
ered with flno litter, as chaff, cut
straw or hay, or similar material. If
made of boards or cement, n Inyer
of earth may bo put on. A lively
chick does enjoy having plenty of
dirt In which to wallow, nnd when
this Is provided thero will bo loss
trouble with dry feet and shanks.
Preliminary Operation.
Operate tho brooder for n fow days
beforo putting tho chicks under it.
Learn Just how to mnnago It. Study
It until you know how best to regu
late the heat and caro for the lamp
or fire.
Have tho hover warm enough.
Rather provide too much heat than
too little, provided the chicks liavo
liberty to move out to n cooler place.
Hememuer that they hnvo been In nn
Incubator having a temporaturo of
about 100 degrees, and a sudden
drop Is harmful.
At first tho hover temperature
should bo from 95 to 100 degrees.
After five or six days rcduco It to 90
degrees. Contlnuo to reduce It slow
ly ns tho brood dovclops until heat is
no longer required.
This tempornturo should bo regis
tered by a thermometer hnvlng Its
bulb but thrco or four Inches from
tho floor not considerably abovo tho
chicks. This is nn Important point.
Uso warm baskets or boxes to
carry tho chicks from Incubator to
brooder, especially when tho weather
is cold. It Is an easy matter to chill
tho tender youngsters nnd when this
happens trouble follows.
IMaco tho chicks under tho hover
so thoy will quickly lenrn whero the
heat is. ihoy will soon begin to como
out nnd inspect tho strango world in
which they find themselves, running
back to tho shelter of tho hover when
alarmed or uncomfortable.
Put up n low fenco or partition of
sonio kind to hold tho brood near
tho hover for tho first day or two.
This will prevent any individuals
from wandering too far away and
thus getting killed, and from piling
up In tho corners of tho room.
Do not bo afraid to vcntllato tho
building frcoly. Let in tho health-
elvlne air, but avoid draughts at all
times. Tho building should novcr
bo hot and stuffy. Any objection
ablo odor is always tho sign that
moro frcsli air Is needed. Lot It In I
Sunshlno In tho broodcr-houso is
most desirable during tho months of
Wintor nnd Spring, and It is an easy
matter to admit it. Durlg tho hot
season It Is usually best to Bkado tho
windows to keep tho sun out, bIdco
it Is deslrnblo that tho houso temper
ature bo then kept as low as possible.
Always bear In mind this fact tho
chickens must bo kept continuously
comfortable Qlvo thorn wnrmth and
sunshlno in cold weather, protect
thorn ngnlnBt too much of theso dur
ing warm weather.
Keep tho brooder and houso clean.
Not Bomewhat clean, but actually
clean nnd sanitary. Hc-movo tho ac
cumulated droppings at frequent ln
torvnls, especially under tho hover.
Ileplnco tho soiled litter as circum
stances require. Tho houso cannot
bo too clean, but It mny easily be
come too dirty. Keep on tho safo
side.
Get tho chicks out on tho ground
as soon as possible. After settled
Spring weather has arrived they may
bo permitted to run out In their
yards when four or flvo days of ago.
Early In tho season, whllo snow lin
gers or tho earth is wet nnd muddy,
they must bo kept In tho pens until
somewhat older. But let them out
as Boon ns it Is safo to do so. They
will grow better.
Some Mortality Expected.
No matter how carefully the
brooder is attended to, sonio loss
must bo .expected. It is tho duty of
tho poultrymnn to keep such loss as
low ns posslblo by learning what
dangers exist nnd then avoiding
thorn.
Tho machlno Is not always respon
sible for all deaths among tho chicks
placed in It. Tho mistakes inndo In
caring for tho breeding stock, tho
uso of weak breeding birds, improper
Incubation, all may manifest them
selves by mortality among tho chicks
and obviously tho brooder cannot
correct those.
Sudden chnnges In tho brooder
tomporaturc, chilling or overheating,
frequently cause much trouble. This
dnngcr may bo nvoided through tho
uso of temperature-regulating do
vlccs nnd careful attention.
Avoid Chick Diseases.
Diseases may bo kept away, at
least tho majority of them, by main
taining good sanitary conditions.
Enemies must bo fought by every
moans at hand. kTTT J
iruiu mo chicks at nleht i.nVii
of clog gun and trap" Eht M&h
Accidents may take n,i .
most of these Va -bJ'Khl
Swlnelne lnn ... D6 Drcrtni.i1
covered water nails .?ar,1.
effectively f rES8 th '
cssneVT uv-" E0Urccs I WloZ'
Small chick doors loni.
houso to yard nro ni . Ing ''m
at times. If Vrdil u8 ft
nro suddenly attacked Vhe Wl
hawk, or If alu!nby catc',
Quickly, tho younwtor, w, m
for envor iiJ!i '" ..""1 htitu
doorway thoy wlil Jam lni. i10"
It, many being bru5 ."Jd !
W SO Inlnrr.l ,I.M ..SCU and Other.
outBldo. tn i,A-, ....? " are Hi
or weather. Tho r m 'dTlK?'
Ing roomy doors n,m,,l" aT.
""xw&isr
studies his buslncs and kty
oyos open w 11 bo cons tinii. 1' bl
Ins little practlcalTlnftfi1
last. If ho then permits "Jit9 ttl
tOnhappen ho nas'n? fift
As tho chicks got old ar,n .
hover and roosUgeedZ
etc. Immediately put n Jm. ''
roosts, strips of wood elwawtfl
few Inches abovo tho flow n!
stronger Individuals will Xi B?v
-. - ... u luiuiu mere at nltkt
Tho -work of tho brooder haj the.
lionn rntnnlntn.1 n.,j it. '..?l
ready to go to tho co!onh!
whero thoy will bo carried to S
turlty.
Copyright. 1915, by Matoi-Meni aJt.
I
Only Worse.
A Philadelphia school tn,,v.. i..
lately been Instructing her pnpUi ,
uruuiun iiiymoiogy. It 13 the Plan tn
have tho children read the til
aloud, and tho next day recount them
In their own language. Ono lad. to
whom wns given tho assignment tc
render In his own language the .ton
of tho Gorgons, did to In thtii
tonus:
"The Oorgons wore thrco slstcn
that lived In tho Islands of Hespcr.
Ides, Bomcwhero in tlio Indian ocean
They hnd long snakes for hair, loili
for tooth nnd claws for nails, j
thoy looked like women, only mon
horrible." Pittsburg Chronica
icicgrnpii.
OLD ENGLISH GAME BANTAMS.
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IVl mV -.L& a I l-rLJ'"Tr'" U.I aWIT TVW.iPT,-ai VI',r WL.T W-" V-aU jrm
' j. v . 4i r -hljt t i r
K-"C?w5s
Wk-j.
feraffii.
Tlili fa m nnn.ilnmlnr V. n n t m w . m I.. I.a.-. m . .a . . . . . . . . ... In t Bf
i i. t M-..-....,u u.maiii,omimiiiurc oi me uia unenali uamo fowl. Tliough orco ror many ! '"-.
land. It has only recently attracted the attention of American fanciers, and thero nro but a limited number of JM
nl. i . country. The draw nB ho the upatiBled variety, one of the moat beautiful of the aeveral v
ilea. The plumace Is an odd combination of red, brown, black and white, tho peculiar apanglea being a cbaracttrliw
feature of the color plan.
, ti....".--'.'? "tl,1".,,,'ame ?re muaculnr nnd powerful and retain the spirit of their fighting "
ton,
Mr.
.They are worthy of the description of the original bantam m written yeara ago by that great Kngllth autborllf.
wlehhCtJhJ!r!Vnnon,P.,in!iael0.U", f1Vall,K th,' "nKllah Oame-cocU In this respect, neither the alx. .."JJ
JhJKh.L0n.6-SpiAe'lBAnjp.d,i:fnt o hl vlroroun nttnek. Nothing daunted tho couraue or Imptultr
t7 nVl-ir r-ivin-. in V. ir . iT" """",;n or beaten down. AKaln andnKaln h would rue to rent- .- ;j
cxhau'Ltlon. 'hi flrtt Vnd'ln'dXlh. V"tr 0 ""'" "" ,J tam, he W0U,? " PCCk U"1 '
be Klve" X 0W Enrllh atTnb Uanta" "a "t tun admitted to the American standard, no official weight '
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