masemmeaim i : SH, HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION United States Department of Agriculture Special Page IJiilIclins and Special Articles Issued by the Government, of Interest to the Northwest; Suggestions Covering Wide Range of Activities; Result of Federal Investigations, Etc. Change Foot-and-Mouth Quarantine Radically TlU'n nrilnrs 1 linf nlirnnil liv thn Spp A rotary of Agriculture make rad ical changes In tho quarantine regu lations for t lie foot-nml-mcutli dls- PUMP Alt tlwi tnrrltnrv nnot nt thn Mlmlstlppl and north of Tennessee 2a non Included In tho rjuuranUued area and no shipments of livestock, except for the purpose of immediate slaugh ter, will ho permitted from this area to tho South or West. Stock own ith, however, in the'State-3 of Vir ginia, West Virginia, Vermont, Maine and the District of Columbia may ship out their stock upon affidavit that it J uas uecn on incir inrms ror a certain length of time and has not been ex posed to any risk of contagion. This step tho authorities Lclicvc to he necessary for the protection of the South, Southwest and West, which havo not as yet been affected by the disease. Tho recent discovery of a tow pneps tvhprn pnftln elifnnml fnm areas where the disease had existed, carried it to previously uninfected sections, such ns four counties In Kansas, convinced the department that no precautions will make such shipments absolutely safe. The new measure, It Is said, should confine tho dlscaso to tho regions In . which it hag already made Its appear ance and In wh'ieh the work of eradl- rntlni? It u'Ml hn Muslim! na hnfnm All of the largo slaughtering centers are within this nroa and very few shipments for immediate slaughter ii ro expected to bo mado out of it. Under tho now regulations terri tory within the area now quaran tined, which was formerly free, Is de signated aa restricted territory. In this restricted territory livestock may lie moved freely to other points wiuiin mo same territory, mil can not pass boyond tho limits of the quarantined area, except for imme diate slaughter. Tho regulations governing tho area known respectively as closed, exposed mid modified, remain practically tho same as before. From tho modified area livestock can bo shipped for 1m medlato slaughter to polnt3 within tho quarantined area and from ox- Iinftml nrnfl nu tnll nftni n mllni innry inspection and certification by Fedoral authorities. No stock may bo Bhlppod out of tho closed area for any purposo nnd can only bo shipped Into It for Immcdlnto slaughter. Natural Brooding of Chickens Farm Mechanics for High School Pupils THi: Department of Agrlculturo will shortly issuo Farmers' Bul letin C3S. entitled "Laboratory Exer cises In Farm Mechanics for Agricul tural High Schools." Tho purpose of tho author, Daniel Scoates, professor of agricultural engineering, Missis sippi Agricultural nnd Mechnnlcal College, Is to supply high school teachers with practical suggestions or tenoning uoy wno aro to bo farm ers tho best and most economical methods for doing sotno of tho nioro common mechnnlcnl work of tho farm. Tho bullotln, which Is elaborately Illustrated, givos, in its 2C pages, 42 practical exorcises. Tho first fivo oxoreUos havo to" do with tho use of rope on tne rami and show tho host way of tlng knots and making hitches and splices used In bitching animals and in tying up farm prod uce, ine next rour exercises deal with hitching up horses, fitting col lars and reiialrlnc liarnnis Four exercises on the handling of em engine ana repair or belting, ileal effectively with the use of pow er. Later exercises have to do with tlw prsetlcal study and ropalr of dif ferent kinds of field and farm ma chinery run by englno or horsepowor. There is also a series of exercises baring to do with farm buildings, dealing with such things as eoncreto posts, feeding floors, hog houses, drop nests, gates, fenclnu, painting and whitewashing. The bulletin rlnina with n u.ii of exercises on farm surveying, ter racing. Irrigation and drainage, and runii umsBing. jne matorlali used in the exercises are such as are to be found on farms near the school Vjoufrw. or such as can be readily con trueteU, from the working drawings ami diagrams, by the ten-ner and jtUIU. Tho bulletin should be of ureal practical erleo to high school and other teachers In the rural dis tricts, a may be bad free en appll ration to the Division of Putlleatloua, tonPftD "o Ut f ABrlcuUurc. Washlug- HILE It is still Winter weather tho poultry raiser is COnSlder Int thn rnlalni- nt Snrlnr nhtnl.- pns fnr thn nmrlrnt nnil nnmnp nflior important problems are those of uruutiiug. tiroouing wiin uens, ac cording to tho United States Depart ment of Agriculture's specialists, is the simplest and easiest way to raise a few chickens nnd is the method which Is used almost exclusively on thp nvflf'ipn fnrm ArMflnl.il lirnrwt. prs nrp nrippdanri' tvhprn lntn Wlnfnp or very cany cuicKens aro raised, wncrc oniy i.eguorns or otner non slttlng breeds of poultry aro kept, or where large numbers of chickens arjo raised commercially. Successful nnturnl rnnrlnp nt chip..-. cm requires convenient facilities, res- Hint ntlrttlllnM n 1 nfnt-i (atlnn Hn'n imMpnpp. tvhiirt nrMflplnl mnMinrlo rn. nulro n lamer Investment, rlnsn nf- tentlon, nnd more care, but arc more conimon.y usea wnero largo numbers of chickens arc raised. Mnnv finnltrt L'pnnoro tt1in nrn nltln to secure pood egp yields nnd fair llfltrhpti tmik'n n fnlliirn nf lirnnfllnfr rllpl;pn. pftlinr In rnlelntr nnlv ct smnll percentage of tho chickens nniciieu or in inning to rear strong, vigorous uirus wnicn develop into good breeding stock. Brooding Is still In tho experimental stage, and no one system has 'given perfect sat isfaction. Hearing Chickens With Hens. Slttlnir hpns shnnlil tin pnnflnn.l In slightly dnrkened nests at hatching tlfnn nllfl nnt ftlfttnrhnil ifnlnaa ttini step on or pick their chickens when hatching, in which case tho chickens Biiuuiu ue removed as soon as dry, 111 II llitslfnt llnni! Willi flnnnnl n.. somo other warm material, nnd kept near a fire until all tho eggs aro hntched: or tlin mrtrn mnv lio rnmmwl and placed under a quieter hen, whoso i'uks uru iiuicinnir ur run Rnrnn i mn An incubator may also bo used to keen tho earliest, hnlrlinl rhlrlrpna warm, In caso they are removed from ino nest. . If tho eggs hatch unevenly, thoso which nrp Rlnw In hntrhltif mm. Im placed under other hens, as hens often get restless after n part of tho chickens are out, nllowlng tho re maining eggs to becomo cooled at tho very tlmo when steady heat Is neces sary. Itomovo tho eggshells nnd any eggs which havo not hatched as. soon as tho hatching Is over. Hens should bo fed as soon ns pos sible after the eggs aro hatched, ns fCCdlllir tpiwts tn kiwn thnm nnlnl otherwlso many hens will leavo tho iiusi. hi musi cases it is ucst tnat tho hen remnln nn thn nest mwi lirnml tho chickens for nt lenst !4 linnm nfter the hatching Is over. Hroodlng lucubiitor Chicks. HOUR nrp often urpiI tn rnlan In. cubntor-hatched chicks nnd to tako tho place of tho artificial brooder, n practice that is In operation on many poultry farms. A fow eggs nro put undor tho hen four or fivo days be foro the Incubator Is to hatch. In tho evening following tho hatch of tho Incubator, after tho chickens nro thoroughly dry oflo or two are put uuuur mi- lien, nnu n sno is louua to mother them properly, the next even ing ns many more nro added as Bhe can brood or caro for properly. Hens will successfully brood 10 to 15 chickens earlv in thn hrrpiiinir Mmn and IS to 25 In warm weather, de pending upon the size of tho hen. This mothod of handling chickens doos away with tho artificial brood er, and where ono has only a small number of chickens to ralso It Is a very easy manner In which to handle them, nnd also n ennrf tnothmt . u Is desired to ralso separately special IUIO Ul llllL'IvS, It should bo borno In mind, In ndd Inc chickens to n hnn .-iiiM. nimn.i.. has some to brood, that It Is best to add thnsn nf thn nmn nnln nn nA as the olios nlreadv with Imp nD . hon will often pick tho later 'arrivals ii uiuy ro oi a color different from the ones she is already broodlug. As a ruk this transferring should tako placo at night, although with a quite docile hcu it can bo done in the morning. Sanitary Necessities. Powder the hen with a good In sect Powder beforo moving her nnd the chickens tn Mn I.. i . hen should bo dusted every twb weeks or ag often ns necessary until the chickens are weaned. If Uco become thick on the chickens, or It they nro troubled with "head lice," n very llt- tln prpnsn anpli na Inf.t nt vncnllnn llinv hn nnrtllpil with thn flnfrnru nn the head, neck, tinder tho wings, and around tho vent. Great caro should be taken, however, not to get too much crp.isn on thn phlpl.-nno nn It will stop their grotvth and In somo cases may prove fatal. The brood coop should bo cleaned at least onco a week nnd kept froo from mites. If mites nro found In tho coop, It should bo thoroughly cleaned and sprayed with kerosene oil or crude petroleum. From ono to two incites oi snnu or dry uirt or n thin lnvcr of strnw nr flnn linv nhnnlil lin snrpnd nn thn flnnr nf thn rnnn llrnmi coops should bo moved weekly to iresn ground, preiernuiy wucro tlicro in now grass, Shndo Is very csscntlnl In rearing chickens, especially during warm weather; therefore, tho coops should bo placed In tho shndo whenever possible. A cornfield makes flno range for young chickens, as they socuro many bugs nnd worms nnd havo fresh crntmil tn run nn ninil nt tho time, duo to tho cultivation of tho grounu, nnu nave nuundnnt shndo ut mo snmo time. Too punch or mark nil tho chickens beforo they aro transferred to tho brooder or brood coop, so.thnt their ngo and breeding can bo readily de termined nfter they nro matured. Farmers frequently keep old hens on tllClr farms nnrl 1H1I thn vnimrmi. linnu nnd pullets, becnuso they nro unnblo to distinguish between them nfter tho pullots hnvo matured. Hnioil Coops. Chickens hatched tlurlnc thn win. tcr Should bo brooded In n nnnttrv houso or shed whllo tho outside weather conditions nro unfnvnrnhin nfter tho weather becomes sottlod, they should bo reared In brood coops out of door3. Brood coops should bo mado so thnt they can bo closed nt night, to keep out cats, rats and other nnlmnls, and enough ventllntlon Should bo nllownil sn thnt thn hnn nn.l chicks will hnvo plenty of fresh air uuiuiis miu speculations for build ing a good coop nro given in tho De partment's Fnrniprs' ltnllntln r.-r i "Poultry-House Construction," pngo ,., "" 1S lo uo "nu on application. TllO lien Should lm rnnflnnl l II,,. coop until the chicks nro weaned, wiiiio mo cuicKens nro nnowcd freo rnnsro after thpv nm n tnw ,i .... i.i Miero hens nro nlinwmi fi-nn m..nn and hnvo to forngo for feed for thom- Bi-nra nnu cuicks, tliey often tako them thrnncli wnt m-ncii wim.n n. . , "" "- 0..w, "IIWU VUU iiucitH mav uecomn piniin,i nn, .ii Most of tho feed tho chicks socuro In this manner goes to keep up tho heat of tho body, whereas feed eaten by thoso thnt are with n hen that Is con fined produces nioro rapid growth, ns tho chicks do not havo so much exer cise. Confine Hens. TJlCn. tOO. in ninat lirnmla thnrn n-r one or two chicks thnt aro weakor than tho others, nnd If thn !.,. i allowed freo range tho weaker ones ui.i-u Ki ueuino ana out or hearing of the mother's cluck and call. In inOSt Cases tills roanllu In 11, n In-.. -.i death of theso chickB, duo to becom- iiih ciiuied. u tno hen Is confined tho wcaklincs ran nlwnvo rinH .i,n and heat under her, nnd after a fow i tySi. dovcIo' ,nt0 strong, healthy Tho loss In young chicks duo to nl lowlng tho hen freo range is undoubt edly large. Chickens frequently havo to bo caught and put Into their coops dUrlnc sudden ilnrmi n !,.. . :.. , i , ,7 , .-, mo vvj uiu tint to nuddlo In somo holo or corner whero they get chilled or drowned. They must bo limit cminn. ninni.. tho best results aro to bo obtained, nn- iimiT euureiy recover from Checks in thnlr rrnull, n,.nn . short porlod. Hens aro usually left with their young chicks ns long as they Will brood them, whllo some nens frequently commenco to lay be foro tho chickens aro weaned. American Sparrow Is Well-Bchavcd Species WI1IL13 ono nnturally thinks of tl10 EllKll8h RDPl'loa trhm, .1.- - . "sparrow" is mentioned, there "fo somo 4 0 specfos of sparrows In North America which nrn ,,ni....i .... than lmrmful nnd should bo encour nged xnffter tlinn discouraged; at least, this is the opinion of the United States Department of Agrlculturo's nvestlgator whoso "Somo Common Dlrds Useful to tho Farmer" has just bCOn issued no I,'nrmnv. n..n.. V. l gon "" "illll'Ull ."NO. Whllo tho Kngllsh Bimrrow is noisy nlld ObtrilR VI. thn Anm-l., !" .' nro unobtrusivo both in song and ac t on. Thcsu native sparrows, nl- tllOUKll RO RPldnni nntlno.l I... .1 orlty of people, mny probably bo found In nearly every pnrt of our country, nlthough not moro than a hnlf dozen forms nro gencrnlly known in any ono locality. Tho Anierlcnn varieties resemble tho Kngllsh spnrrow Is general, al- tllOllch It fnw urn ninrn 1,-tlll,,..i California riippIpq him n ,,! iw,.i .. hnvo several species in tho Kast, which iiiu not bo common, ino snow bird Is n spnrrow which Is particu larly cninninn In Wlnlnr Tt la n .tni. color with n whlto breast. wuiio- Anierlcnn spnrrows nro noted seed eaters, they do not by any means confine themselves to n vegc tablo diet. During tho Summer, and specially In tho breeding-reason, they cut mnny Insects nnd feed their young largely upon tho same food. Kxamln-" ntlon ot stomnuhs of tlireo species thn Rnnir nnnrrmv. phliuilnt ennrrnn. and field spnrrow shows that about ono-thlrd of tho food consists of In sects, comprising mnny Injurious beetles, nn snout beotlps nr ivppvII. . . "...... -' ana ,10-- noetic?. Mirny grasshoppers nro eaten. In tho enso of tho chipping spnrrow theso Insects form one-eighth of tho food. Grnsshoipcrs would seem to bo rather large morsels, but tho bird probably confines Itself to tho smaller species; Indeed, the greatest amount ( nvny !lrt nnr ppnM la nntnn In Tiiniv when tho linger species nro still young and tho munllor most aumorous. Be sides tho InscctH already mentioned, mnnv wncna ntwl lintva nrn tnlnn As a wholo tho Insect diet of tho natlvo sparrows may bo considered bene ficial. Thero nro sovcrnl records of potato-bug lnrvuo eaten by chipping Rnnrrnu'M. Their vegetnblo food Is limited al most exclusively to hnrd seeds. This might seem to Indicate thnt tho birds feed to some oxtcnt upon gtnln, but fltn ulnmiinliu nvn in I ! altti nnlt1 nil A t w ouuiti,iiD UAtliilllltt ouwm win uw kind, onts, nnd but llttlo of that. Tbo great bull: of tho food Is mado up of irnao ntul ni-tnl nninl iltln1i fnr til nl D' MM IIIVM OVU llll ! most tho ontlro diet during tho Win tor, nnd tho amount consumed Is Immense. Farmers nnd frultgrowors of the onUnnnrLarV08l,1B over 1.000,000, 000 n year by reason nf thn .'..' of Insects. Cnttnn;." " " i"B"B aro losing J50.000.000 a year by rea- son Of tbo rnvnrno nt ..:,, " re.a. A & &. ? UnVTh'o ',;,"" -"'"-u, uie natural enemies oMhat bug, are becoming practically Distributing Cultures for Leguminous Seeds IN distributing cultures for Inoculat ing leiriitttlnnnK nnnila thn T?nltpd States Department of Agrlculturo has dOtOrinlni'll tn ndhnrn tn Inat vi-ir' prnctlco nnd" to limit tho supply that win uc sent to ono planter to two bottles. Each hottlo contains suffi cient culturo to lnocitlnto thoroughly ono bushol of seed. Tho limitation la mado necessary by tho probability that tho funds avnllnblo for tho dis tribution of cultures will prove Inade quate to furnish them in unlimited quantities. Plnntnra n.lir. tini'A t.n.1 n n.ni'lAMl - ...v.a Mu, uutu tJUtt UU (JIWMu- exporlonco in tho uso of cultures and uu not understand exactly wnnt methods aro necessary for successful RPPI InnAlllnitnn. nli mi l.t ! a tt rift department for Information and for application cards. All roquosts for Pllltllrna intiof Iia IvnnamlitAi! linnn theso application enrds. Preference win uo given to auvnnco requests, anu farmers nro urged to apply to tho Department for tho culturo at the earliest posslblo date, and at least two weeks beforo tho probablo date of sowing tho seed. Planters nro also requested to plant n smnll quantity of unlnocu lated seed on a portion of tho sanio ftnl.t n.ll. i. inrt..,n.n.i A.l rrhla WW null IIIU IIIUUUIUICII DCVII. -, It Is said, will materially aid tho de partment In making observations and comnarlRnnR whlnh will tirnvo valu ablo to planters in tbo future. xt . , . ..1. tn i-su iiiuii i-vur uveu long fnuub do all tho thlnus Ills wife wanted blm to do, wr- 'fflJyslM