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HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
United States Department of Agriculture Special Page
IJiilIclins and Special
Articles Issued by the Government, of Interest to the Northwest;
Suggestions Covering
Wide Range of Activities; Result of Federal Investigations, Etc.
Change Foot-and-Mouth
Quarantine Radically
TlU'n nrilnrs 1 linf nlirnnil liv thn Spp
A rotary of Agriculture make rad
ical changes In tho quarantine regu
lations for t lie foot-nml-mcutli dls-
PUMP Alt tlwi tnrrltnrv nnot nt thn
Mlmlstlppl and north of Tennessee 2a
non Included In tho rjuuranUued area
and no shipments of livestock, except
for the purpose of immediate slaugh
ter, will ho permitted from this area
to tho South or West. Stock own
ith, however, in the'State-3 of Vir
ginia, West Virginia, Vermont, Maine
and the District of Columbia may ship
out their stock upon affidavit that it J
uas uecn on incir inrms ror a certain
length of time and has not been ex
posed to any risk of contagion.
This step tho authorities Lclicvc to
he necessary for the protection of the
South, Southwest and West, which
havo not as yet been affected by the
disease. Tho recent discovery of a
tow pneps tvhprn pnftln elifnnml fnm
areas where the disease had existed,
carried it to previously uninfected
sections, such ns four counties In
Kansas, convinced the department
that no precautions will make such
shipments absolutely safe.
The new measure, It Is said, should
confine tho dlscaso to tho regions In
. which it hag already made Its appear
ance and In wh'ieh the work of eradl-
rntlni? It u'Ml hn Muslim! na hnfnm
All of the largo slaughtering centers
are within this nroa and very few
shipments for immediate slaughter
ii ro expected to bo mado out of it.
Under tho now regulations terri
tory within the area now quaran
tined, which was formerly free, Is de
signated aa restricted territory. In
this restricted territory livestock may
lie moved freely to other points
wiuiin mo same territory, mil can
not pass boyond tho limits of the
quarantined area, except for imme
diate slaughter.
Tho regulations governing tho area
known respectively as closed, exposed
mid modified, remain practically tho
same as before. From tho modified
area livestock can bo shipped for 1m
medlato slaughter to polnt3 within
tho quarantined area and from ox-
Iinftml nrnfl nu tnll nftni n mllni
innry inspection and certification by
Fedoral authorities. No stock may
bo Bhlppod out of tho closed area for
any purposo nnd can only bo shipped
Into It for Immcdlnto slaughter.
Natural Brooding of Chickens
Farm Mechanics for
High School Pupils
THi: Department of Agrlculturo
will shortly issuo Farmers' Bul
letin C3S. entitled "Laboratory Exer
cises In Farm Mechanics for Agricul
tural High Schools." Tho purpose of
tho author, Daniel Scoates, professor
of agricultural engineering, Missis
sippi Agricultural nnd Mechnnlcal
College, Is to supply high school
teachers with practical suggestions
or tenoning uoy wno aro to bo farm
ers tho best and most economical
methods for doing sotno of tho nioro
common mechnnlcnl work of tho
farm.
Tho bullotln, which Is elaborately
Illustrated, givos, in its 2C pages, 42
practical exorcises. Tho first fivo
oxoreUos havo to" do with tho use of
rope on tne rami and show tho host
way of tlng knots and making
hitches and splices used In bitching
animals and in tying up farm prod
uce, ine next rour exercises deal
with hitching up horses, fitting col
lars and reiialrlnc liarnnis
Four exercises on the handling of
em engine ana repair or belting,
ileal effectively with the use of pow
er. Later exercises have to do with
tlw prsetlcal study and ropalr of dif
ferent kinds of field and farm ma
chinery run by englno or horsepowor.
There is also a series of exercises
baring to do with farm buildings,
dealing with such things as eoncreto
posts, feeding floors, hog houses,
drop nests, gates, fenclnu, painting
and whitewashing.
The bulletin rlnina with n u.ii
of exercises on farm surveying, ter
racing. Irrigation and drainage, and
runii umsBing. jne matorlali used
in the exercises are such as are to be
found on farms near the school
Vjoufrw. or such as can be readily con
trueteU, from the working drawings
ami diagrams, by the ten-ner and
jtUIU. Tho bulletin should be of
ureal practical erleo to high school
and other teachers In the rural dis
tricts, a may be bad free en appll
ration to the Division of Putlleatloua,
tonPftD "o Ut f ABrlcuUurc. Washlug-
HILE It is still Winter weather
tho poultry raiser is COnSlder
Int thn rnlalni- nt Snrlnr nhtnl.-
pns fnr thn nmrlrnt nnil nnmnp nflior
important problems are those of
uruutiiug. tiroouing wiin uens, ac
cording to tho United States Depart
ment of Agriculture's specialists, is
the simplest and easiest way to raise
a few chickens nnd is the method
which Is used almost exclusively on
thp nvflf'ipn fnrm ArMflnl.il lirnrwt.
prs nrp nrippdanri' tvhprn lntn Wlnfnp
or very cany cuicKens aro raised,
wncrc oniy i.eguorns or otner non
slttlng breeds of poultry aro kept, or
where large numbers of chickens arjo
raised commercially.
Successful nnturnl rnnrlnp nt chip..-.
cm requires convenient facilities, res-
Hint ntlrttlllnM n 1 nfnt-i (atlnn Hn'n
imMpnpp. tvhiirt nrMflplnl mnMinrlo rn.
nulro n lamer Investment, rlnsn nf-
tentlon, nnd more care, but arc more
conimon.y usea wnero largo numbers
of chickens arc raised.
Mnnv finnltrt L'pnnoro tt1in nrn nltln
to secure pood egp yields nnd fair
llfltrhpti tmik'n n fnlliirn nf lirnnfllnfr
rllpl;pn. pftlinr In rnlelntr nnlv ct
smnll percentage of tho chickens
nniciieu or in inning to rear strong,
vigorous uirus wnicn develop into
good breeding stock. Brooding Is
still In tho experimental stage, and
no one system has 'given perfect sat
isfaction. Hearing Chickens With Hens.
Slttlnir hpns shnnlil tin pnnflnn.l In
slightly dnrkened nests at hatching
tlfnn nllfl nnt ftlfttnrhnil ifnlnaa ttini
step on or pick their chickens when
hatching, in which case tho chickens
Biiuuiu ue removed as soon as dry,
111 II llitslfnt llnni! Willi flnnnnl n..
somo other warm material, nnd kept
near a fire until all tho eggs aro
hntched: or tlin mrtrn mnv lio rnmmwl
and placed under a quieter hen, whoso
i'uks uru iiuicinnir ur run Rnrnn i mn
An incubator may also bo used to
keen tho earliest, hnlrlinl rhlrlrpna
warm, In caso they are removed from
ino nest. .
If tho eggs hatch unevenly, thoso
which nrp Rlnw In hntrhltif mm. Im
placed under other hens, as hens
often get restless after n part of tho
chickens are out, nllowlng tho re
maining eggs to becomo cooled at tho
very tlmo when steady heat Is neces
sary. Itomovo tho eggshells nnd any
eggs which havo not hatched as. soon
as tho hatching Is over.
Hens should bo fed as soon ns pos
sible after the eggs aro hatched, ns
fCCdlllir tpiwts tn kiwn thnm nnlnl
otherwlso many hens will leavo tho
iiusi. hi musi cases it is ucst tnat tho
hen remnln nn thn nest mwi lirnml
tho chickens for nt lenst !4 linnm
nfter the hatching Is over.
Hroodlng lucubiitor Chicks.
HOUR nrp often urpiI tn rnlan In.
cubntor-hatched chicks nnd to tako
tho place of tho artificial brooder, n
practice that is In operation on many
poultry farms. A fow eggs nro put
undor tho hen four or fivo days be
foro the Incubator Is to hatch. In
tho evening following tho hatch of
tho Incubator, after tho chickens nro
thoroughly dry oflo or two are put
uuuur mi- lien, nnu n sno is louua to
mother them properly, the next even
ing ns many more nro added as Bhe
can brood or caro for properly. Hens
will successfully brood 10 to 15
chickens earlv in thn hrrpiiinir Mmn
and IS to 25 In warm weather, de
pending upon the size of tho hen.
This mothod of handling chickens
doos away with tho artificial brood
er, and where ono has only a small
number of chickens to ralso It Is a
very easy manner In which to handle
them, nnd also n ennrf tnothmt . u
Is desired to ralso separately special
IUIO Ul llllL'IvS,
It should bo borno In mind, In ndd
Inc chickens to n hnn .-iiiM. nimn.i..
has some to brood, that It Is best to
add thnsn nf thn nmn nnln nn nA
as the olios nlreadv with Imp nD .
hon will often pick tho later 'arrivals
ii uiuy ro oi a color different from
the ones she is already broodlug. As
a ruk this transferring should tako
placo at night, although with a quite
docile hcu it can bo done in the
morning.
Sanitary Necessities.
Powder the hen with a good In
sect Powder beforo moving her nnd
the chickens tn Mn I.. i .
hen should bo dusted every twb weeks
or ag often ns necessary until the
chickens are weaned. If Uco become
thick on the chickens, or It they nro
troubled with "head lice," n very llt-
tln prpnsn anpli na Inf.t nt vncnllnn
llinv hn nnrtllpil with thn flnfrnru nn
the head, neck, tinder tho wings, and
around tho vent. Great caro should
be taken, however, not to get too
much crp.isn on thn phlpl.-nno nn It
will stop their grotvth and In somo
cases may prove fatal.
The brood coop should bo cleaned
at least onco a week nnd kept froo
from mites. If mites nro found In tho
coop, It should bo thoroughly cleaned
and sprayed with kerosene oil or
crude petroleum. From ono to two
incites oi snnu or dry uirt or n thin
lnvcr of strnw nr flnn linv nhnnlil lin
snrpnd nn thn flnnr nf thn rnnn llrnmi
coops should bo moved weekly to
iresn ground, preiernuiy wucro tlicro
in now grass,
Shndo Is very csscntlnl In rearing
chickens, especially during warm
weather; therefore, tho coops should
bo placed In tho shndo whenever
possible. A cornfield makes flno
range for young chickens, as they
socuro many bugs nnd worms nnd
havo fresh crntmil tn run nn ninil nt
tho time, duo to tho cultivation of tho
grounu, nnu nave nuundnnt shndo ut
mo snmo time.
Too punch or mark nil tho chickens
beforo they aro transferred to tho
brooder or brood coop, so.thnt their
ngo and breeding can bo readily de
termined nfter they nro matured.
Farmers frequently keep old hens on
tllClr farms nnrl 1H1I thn vnimrmi. linnu
nnd pullets, becnuso they nro unnblo
to distinguish between them nfter tho
pullots hnvo matured.
Hnioil Coops.
Chickens hatched tlurlnc thn win.
tcr Should bo brooded In n nnnttrv
houso or shed whllo tho outside
weather conditions nro unfnvnrnhin
nfter tho weather becomes sottlod,
they should bo reared In brood coops
out of door3. Brood coops should
bo mado so thnt they can bo closed
nt night, to keep out cats, rats and
other nnlmnls, and enough ventllntlon
Should bo nllownil sn thnt thn hnn nn.l
chicks will hnvo plenty of fresh air
uuiuiis miu speculations for build
ing a good coop nro given in tho De
partment's Fnrniprs' ltnllntln r.-r i
"Poultry-House Construction," pngo
,., "" 1S lo uo "nu on application.
TllO lien Should lm rnnflnnl l II,,.
coop until the chicks nro weaned,
wiiiio mo cuicKens nro nnowcd freo
rnnsro after thpv nm n tnw ,i .... i.i
Miero hens nro nlinwmi fi-nn m..nn
and hnvo to forngo for feed for thom-
Bi-nra nnu cuicks, tliey often tako
them thrnncli wnt m-ncii wim.n n.
. , "" "- 0..w, "IIWU VUU
iiucitH mav uecomn piniin,i nn, .ii
Most of tho feed tho chicks socuro In
this manner goes to keep up tho heat
of tho body, whereas feed eaten by
thoso thnt are with n hen that Is con
fined produces nioro rapid growth, ns
tho chicks do not havo so much exer
cise. Confine Hens.
TJlCn. tOO. in ninat lirnmla thnrn n-r
one or two chicks thnt aro weakor
than tho others, nnd If thn !.,. i
allowed freo range tho weaker ones
ui.i-u Ki ueuino ana out or hearing
of the mother's cluck and call. In
inOSt Cases tills roanllu In 11, n In-.. -.i
death of theso chickB, duo to becom-
iiih ciiuied. u tno hen Is confined
tho wcaklincs ran nlwnvo rinH .i,n
and heat under her, nnd after a fow
i tySi. dovcIo' ,nt0 strong, healthy
Tho loss In young chicks duo to nl
lowlng tho hen freo range is undoubt
edly large. Chickens frequently havo
to bo caught and put Into their coops
dUrlnc sudden ilnrmi n !,.. . :..
, i , ,7 , .-, mo vvj uiu tint
to nuddlo In somo holo or corner
whero they get chilled or drowned.
They must bo limit cminn. ninni..
tho best results aro to bo obtained,
nn- iimiT euureiy recover from
Checks in thnlr rrnull, n,.nn .
short porlod. Hens aro usually left
with their young chicks ns long as
they Will brood them, whllo some
nens frequently commenco to lay be
foro tho chickens aro weaned.
American Sparrow Is
Well-Bchavcd Species
WI1IL13 ono nnturally thinks of tl10
EllKll8h RDPl'loa trhm, .1.- - .
"sparrow" is mentioned, there "fo
somo 4 0 specfos of sparrows In North
America which nrn ,,ni....i ....
than lmrmful nnd should bo encour
nged xnffter tlinn discouraged; at
least, this is the opinion of the United
States Department of Agrlculturo's
nvestlgator whoso "Somo Common
Dlrds Useful to tho Farmer" has just
bCOn issued no I,'nrmnv. n..n.. V. l
gon "" "illll'Ull ."NO.
Whllo tho Kngllsh Bimrrow is noisy
nlld ObtrilR VI. thn Anm-l., !" .'
nro unobtrusivo both in song and ac
t on. Thcsu native sparrows, nl-
tllOUKll RO RPldnni nntlno.l I... .1
orlty of people, mny probably bo
found In nearly every pnrt of our
country, nlthough not moro than a
hnlf dozen forms nro gencrnlly known
in any ono locality.
Tho Anierlcnn varieties resemble
tho Kngllsh spnrrow Is general, al-
tllOllch It fnw urn ninrn 1,-tlll,,..i
California riippIpq him n ,,! iw,.i ..
hnvo several species in tho Kast,
which iiiu not bo common, ino snow
bird Is n spnrrow which Is particu
larly cninninn In Wlnlnr Tt la n .tni.
color with n whlto breast.
wuiio- Anierlcnn spnrrows nro
noted seed eaters, they do not by any
means confine themselves to n vegc
tablo diet. During tho Summer, and
specially In tho breeding-reason, they
cut mnny Insects nnd feed their young
largely upon tho same food. Kxamln-"
ntlon ot stomnuhs of tlireo species
thn Rnnir nnnrrmv. phliuilnt ennrrnn.
and field spnrrow shows that about
ono-thlrd of tho food consists of In
sects, comprising mnny Injurious
beetles, nn snout beotlps nr ivppvII.
. . "...... -'
ana ,10-- noetic?.
Mirny grasshoppers nro eaten. In
tho enso of tho chipping spnrrow
theso Insects form one-eighth of tho
food. Grnsshoipcrs would seem to
bo rather large morsels, but tho bird
probably confines Itself to tho smaller
species; Indeed, the greatest amount
( nvny !lrt nnr ppnM la nntnn In Tiiniv
when tho linger species nro still young
and tho munllor most aumorous. Be
sides tho InscctH already mentioned,
mnnv wncna ntwl lintva nrn tnlnn As
a wholo tho Insect diet of tho natlvo
sparrows may bo considered bene
ficial. Thero nro sovcrnl records of
potato-bug lnrvuo eaten by chipping
Rnnrrnu'M.
Their vegetnblo food Is limited al
most exclusively to hnrd seeds. This
might seem to Indicate thnt tho birds
feed to some oxtcnt upon gtnln, but
fltn ulnmiinliu nvn in I ! altti nnlt1 nil A t
w ouuiti,iiD UAtliilllltt ouwm win uw
kind, onts, nnd but llttlo of that. Tbo
great bull: of tho food Is mado up of
irnao ntul ni-tnl nninl iltln1i fnr til nl
D' MM IIIVM OVU llll !
most tho ontlro diet during tho Win
tor, nnd tho amount consumed Is Immense.
Farmers nnd frultgrowors of the
onUnnnrLarV08l,1B over 1.000,000,
000 n year by reason nf thn .'..'
of Insects. Cnttnn;." " " i"B"B
aro losing J50.000.000 a year by rea-
son Of tbo rnvnrno nt ..:,, " re.a.
A & &. ? UnVTh'o
',;,"" -"'"-u, uie natural enemies
oMhat bug, are becoming practically
Distributing Cultures for
Leguminous Seeds
IN distributing cultures for Inoculat
ing leiriitttlnnnK nnnila thn T?nltpd
States Department of Agrlculturo has
dOtOrinlni'll tn ndhnrn tn Inat vi-ir'
prnctlco nnd" to limit tho supply that
win uc sent to ono planter to two
bottles. Each hottlo contains suffi
cient culturo to lnocitlnto thoroughly
ono bushol of seed. Tho limitation la
mado necessary by tho probability
that tho funds avnllnblo for tho dis
tribution of cultures will prove Inade
quate to furnish them in unlimited
quantities.
Plnntnra n.lir. tini'A t.n.1 n n.ni'lAMl
- ...v.a Mu, uutu tJUtt UU (JIWMu-
exporlonco in tho uso of cultures and
uu not understand exactly wnnt
methods aro necessary for successful
RPPI InnAlllnitnn. nli mi l.t ! a tt rift
department for Information and for
application cards. All roquosts for
Pllltllrna intiof Iia IvnnamlitAi! linnn
theso application enrds. Preference
win uo given to auvnnco requests, anu
farmers nro urged to apply to tho
Department for tho culturo at the
earliest posslblo date, and at least
two weeks beforo tho probablo date
of sowing tho seed.
Planters nro also requested to
plant n smnll quantity of unlnocu
lated seed on a portion of tho sanio
ftnl.t n.ll. i. inrt..,n.n.i A.l rrhla
WW null IIIU IIIUUUIUICII DCVII. -,
It Is said, will materially aid tho de
partment In making observations and
comnarlRnnR whlnh will tirnvo valu
ablo to planters in tbo future.
xt . , . ..1. tn
i-su iiiuii i-vur uveu long fnuub
do all tho thlnus Ills wife wanted blm
to do,
wr-
'fflJyslM