')! . HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION 9 he Life History of the Potato EToi II hundred years ago, before i ho whlto men over nenru 01 um .milt, hlclilv IntclllRCiit Indians nc.io they cnllcd themselves,) were HtlvnMng potntos in mo mountain llCj u of Peru. Theso Indluns nnu tvclnpcu n system ui whuhk. d neclcd grent buildings, nnd hud h..n inniiv other things ot which nny fee "f pcoplo -100 yenis ago might jive bet n prouu. iney tnu not. khow lythlng about guniiowdcr, howevor, i uiipn tho Snnnlnrds round thorn, ic lioor Inens woro easily conquered, ,i tiu Snnnlnrds took from them rpc ounntltles of gold nnd other ka-"tfl "Ilu inciuumuiiy, uio in tra of tho potato. rTlu c potatoes woro evidently n Erin v. men nan uueii uuvuiuiieu u o Im.ia by selection from tho wild m. v.hleh may ho found In tho koui nmn of Peru, Chilo, Mosleo and ou' -II C'olorniio to mis nay. in ho hands ot tho Spaniard, tho potato ttund Its way to Southern Europe, bid ' the first American colony in rlrmnln I- One of tho moBt Intcrostlng men tho lived In England uuu yearn ngo hs Sir Wnltcr Italelgh. llo was Iwnjs looking ror Bomeuiing now, iii.i rnnnlderablo money, nnd wns n rif.n.1 of Queen Elizabeth. At that me, nil tho lending nations of tho urth wero Bnlllng lorin to invesugnio hn new world which Columbus had llscovcrcd n hundred years before. Origin of "Irleli" Potnto. ,Slr Walter Italelgh being plnccd ho wns nlso Balled rortn. no hoped to find gold, but Instend found 10 pomio anu louutiu iiuiun. "" iiolnto plant hnd been Introduced Into uiririnla a short tlmo before, from torn, nml Sir Wnltcr Hnlelgh toolt It rnm Vlrclnlu to his estate near Cork, n Ireland, no tried to got tno ring tail peoplo to liico tno potato, out hoy would hnvo nothing to do with t, fearing, becnuso of Its relntlonshlp o tho utadiy nignisnnuc, mat. u ua bohon Tim irlBh nensnntB. however, recog- nl?. ,1 Hn value, and during tho largo nnrt of Hn early history tho plant was cultivated moro In Ireland thnn In Knv otlu r country. That frf tho rea son wo call It tho "Irish" potato, irht n it Is by rlRlit of origin tno rem- flnn potato or American potato. , Durlnir tho sixteenth century nnd llin rnrlv Hurt of tho BUVCntCClltll, Clio kiotnto was vcry.llttlo grown outsldo of lit and. Grndunuy, pcopio iiogan in r-n Hint it wns noBslliIo to grow n Inrno amount of food on n Bmall hcrnro ny using mo nouuo, nnu u Iho p.irant pcoplo of Ireland, flor- liinny. Franco nnu uuBsia grew uiv potatoes moro and more Appearance of "Hllglit." nrnwlncs of tho nlnnt mndo in the knrly dnys Indlcnto thnt It wns very much the bmiio then nB It Ib now. 'i no varieties, however, woro much dlffor r.nt in ifi.in n illHnnnn nnncnrcd Enu Ing blight nnd rot, which Is now nmtinn nVf.rvwhorA lltlt tit Hint tlnlO Mm imtntn nlnnt ns mnlllionlv culti vated hnd never before been attacked by ". -. lor Bovcrnl years, potato crops fnllnl nil nvnr TCnrnno. Tn Ireland. the troublo was especially serious, and tnousanus ot pcopio uivu irum famine, nnd thousands of othors enmo in llin PiiIIimI RtntpH tn nvolil tllO scnilt food mipply. Something had to bo uonc a variety nnu to oo uccureu thnt could withstand, to somo extent at least, this now disease Now va rieties wero crown from tho seed fcnlls. Theso now varieties seemed to 'do all right for a tlmo, and then they ilrli i-lnrlnlnil nnd linrnmn diseased. IT! nnu- aroma' nit thouch It IB nCCCS- Bar to atart now varieties about every .in am ir vahkh Hldnnf lilt frnnil varieties, however, lmvo lasted for 30 or 10 years. llurbnnk's I'otnto. llltln nvnr Ah vrnrn neo. Lllthor 'B.irbnnk, a young man of 23 years, ,. Planted a lot of potato eccds which liA linil flnfiivAri frnm thfl ROPll bnllS. It.t.,i. i.ni. tit. Itiiln mwnAt. InmnlAna Ono ot these seedlings Btood head and simulacra nbovo tno real, nnu ho rtll-d It tho Durbnnk. It soon bo- i nmn hn lonillntr Amnrlpnn ootnto. 'nnd to this day ranks qulto high. . ,Mr. tarmen, who, u nuiuuvr uj 'yen ago, was editor of tho Rural JV-r.t Vnrlinr n nrm nnnfir which Is j-6'Ul published In Now York, became r iir:' II interested in poiaioca. jiu kui ; hi . ubBcrlbors to send In seed balls. ; I' j lamed tliouaands of thoso scods, !, n r ! rccurcd two or three seedlings, v i'H to tills day nro won miowu o-. r tho cntlro United Stntcs. Tho ir r r.imnno In Mia Tlnral NOW York- I t?. Tho Carmen nnd tho Raleigh aro American variety, wns crossed with tho Hebron. Tho resultnnt seed ball was planted, nnd ono of the seedlings wns tho Early Ohio. Since tho potato plant passed out of tho handB of tho South American Indians, It hns gono through Bomo wonderful changes. Now varieties hnvo been continually coming up, growing old, pnoBlng nwny. I'nvot'iiblc Conditions. Tho flnnl word has not yet been said In potnto varlotles. It may bo that some of you will plant seed hnlls, and, like Luther llurbank, se cure new varieties better thnn nny we now have. Tho nntlvo homo of tho polnto plant Is seml-troplcnl America, nt nn ultitmln of 1000 to S000 feet. Tho high nltltudo meaua a long, cool, oven senson. The wild potnto hns tubers about a quarter of an Inch In di ameter, nnd the ehnrnctcr ot tho soil didn't make much difference with it. Our cultivated potatoes aro ofton three to eight Inches In diameter, and In order to do well, tho soil must bo fairly loose nnd easily pushed nsldo. Tho small wild potntoes didn't need much In the way of wntor. Our largo cultivated potatoes miiBt hnvo a lnrgo supply of wnter. Putting nll-thoBo things together, It scorns thnt tho situation best adapted to potatoes is n cool, moist cllmnto nnd n light, friable, rich soil. Tho Irrigated mountnln valleys of Colorado, Idnho nnd Montana supply theso conditions Biilendldly. Maine. Wisconsin nnd Minnesota, with their cool, moist cllmnto, nnd rather sandy soil, raise Bplendld potatoes. Tor tho samo reason, England, Scotland, Ire land nnd Germany grow good potn toes. Tho boII In these foreign coun tries is often rather heavy, but they ninlto it friable by applying large quantities of manure. Moreover, it doesn't seem to mako bo much dif ference If tho soli Is heavy, provided It is kept moist by light rains. Kiln-Drying Process Is Found to Be Rapid THE Forest Scrvlco has been mak ing experiments, at Its Madi son, Wis., laboratory, in kiln-drying grand fir (ono of tho whlto firs) a species which Is abundant In Oregon and Washington. Theso experiments hnvo resulted In a very rapid and sat isfactory process of drying tho fir. First, tho green lumber is heated clear through to tho boiling point by nllowlng live steam to csenpo Into the kiln until n vapor temperature of 225 to 230 degrees P. is reached. For one-Inch lumber, this should con tlnuo for nbout four hours, nnd Is doslgned to prevent surfneo drying nnd nlso to nld In the evaporation of somo of tho moisture. In tho wood. Tho llvo steam Is then turned off, nnd tho humidity reduced from nbout 100 to 40 per cent. Tho temperature ot air and circulation should bo main tained, however. At tho end of IC hours, tho humidity is still further reduced to 30 per cent, and tho lum ber removed at tho end of 30 to 4 hours. Tho length ot timo for each opera tion will depend upon locnl condi tions or circumstances such as method of piling, kind of lumbor, Initial amount of moisture and tho exactness with which tho required conditions of drying enn bo main tained. Tho piling is nn lmportunt fnctor, for tbo lumber must bo so piled thnt thero is freo circulation oi air over every part of it. Edged stacking or piling Is tho best. Although this method of drying Is very rapid, tho lumber showed very llttlo checking, no. discoloration, but Blight loosening ot tho knots, and slight case-hardening. In mntcrlal that Is not to uo rcsnwcu, pronnuiy this latter difficulty would not ap- iuin At nil nvnnla. Mm nmniillt. nf circulation and high humidity nt tho same time lenus 10 uimiman or pre vent this effect. Tho tostH from which this method wns developed were mndo with n spe cial huinidlty-rogulntcd kiln. Simi lar results may bo obtained by using somewhat the samo procoss by tho oven or non-draft method now qulto extensively used In tho North wost. In fact, any typo of kiln may bo oper ated In this manner by doting tho ventilators to prevent draft. It Is Importnnt thnt tho lumber be hontod through by menus of n stenm bnth, nnd that a tempeiaturo of 225 to 230 .Inmiiut l. 1m iniiliilnlncd. It is dif- ' flcult tn control tho humidity In most ot tho kilns now In use, but ns tho drying proceeds, tho humidity nuto- mntlcniiy drops nnu tno riMnniuu conditions are approximated. The forest service is co-operating with CI railroads, mining companies, polo companion nnd cities In tanking tests of wooden tics, tlmbors, poles, piling and paving blockB which havo been given prcBcrvnnvo treatments. SffiK X&Vm ffimM Best Goodvears Average That's Why They Dominate Every Road and Street Snrnn hundred makers now build lircs. Yet Goodyeor made nbout one-fourth oE oil lircs used last year. We sold 1,479,883 nbout ono tire for every car in use. And for yenr3 these tires have for outsold nny other tire that's made. Now our prices nre nbout the same ns others, due to our matchless output. Our Fortified Tires, with their costly, exclusive features, were once the highest-priced. Today there isn't n reason why every motorist can not have Goodyear fires. There ore these reasons why lie should: These 5 Reasons OurNo-Rim-Cutfeaturo our3 nlonc combats rim cutting in the best way known. Countless blowouts nre avoided by our "On-Air cure. OODpYEAR Fortified Tires No-Rim.Cut Tirei "On-Air" Cured With All-WeatherTreadt or Smooth Thi3 one exclusive process costs us $450,000 yearly. We combat loose treads by forming in each tiro hundreds of largo rubber rivets. For security ogainst blowing off the rim nnd lube pinching, each lire base embodies six flat bands of 126 braided piano wires. Our All-Weather Tread combats puncture by being tough nnd double-thick. It combats skid ding liko no other by its sharp-edged bulldog grip3. Thosethings.mean sturdy, trouble-saving tires. Each is found' in Goodyear tires olone. In theso ways, nt least, Goodyear Fortified Tires excel oil other makes. Uo you know ono way in which others excel Goodyear? We urge you to prove these tires. Once do co nnd you'll never givo them up. Any dealer will supply you. THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO Mtluri of Coodrr "Tlra-Satcr" Acetuonei. juw vx "- - - (OI7) s:: i ti r ' c v;ell known. ilo reacUblow, nn om-iasuioncu .,. & mill