laftffliLWPEll HOME AND FARM MAOAZIXE SUCTION The Agricultural College Is a Friend to the Farmer Bulletins and News notes rrum w " -- VIIJW IIK W.WIHXGTO.V AUItlCIJl.TUKAI. COI.I.WIK IT VU.UMAS, WASH. ITS M.I.IJ ALU IH TO All A.tlQt,l,TIMtlS15. Save Farmytrd Manure; It h Beat Fertilizer Ily K. H, Stoolcoy. Agronomist. EXPERIMENTS at Hila Slntlon, as well us tlioso at many other sta tions, liavo proved conclusively that barnyard manuro Is the best fertilizer Hint can bo used for most crops on our soils. With systematic crop ro tation and tbo application of 15 to 20 tons of manuro per ncro every three- or four years the fertility of most soils lu Western Washington can bo materially increased, and so be inado to yield increased returns. On tlio proper handling of manuro depends tlio amount Hint can bo saved to apply to the land, aud also Its fertilizing value. When planning to liund I o manuro to save all the fer tility posslblo two facts should bo kept well In in I ml: 1st, tbo liquid uxcromont of nnlmals contains equal, ly as much fertilizing value as docs (bo solid excrement; and 2d, fresh manuro In tlio open will loso ouc-balf or nioro of Its hulk and almost half of Its fertilizing vnluo In six months. Tlio loss in tbo open Is largely duo to leaching nnd heating. Tlio nnnual loss lu fertilizing vnluo In tbo United States from tlio leaching and wasting of farmyard manuro Is estimated at $750,000,000. Any method tbo farmer may employ to reduce tlioso losses to tbo minimum will Increuso his supply of fertilizer nnd bo well worth while. Expoilonco and experiments show that manuro can bo stored with tbo least amount of loss when kept under cover, tbo muiiuro from tlio different farm animals being well mixed and well compacted by tbo tramping of farm stock. This plan anticipates tbo uho of sufficient bedding to ab sorb all tbo liquid manuro. Tlio nuovo plan can very well ho put Into practice where a covered concroto manuro pit Is provided. The farm unlninls should bo allowed to uho tbo sheltur and tramp over the manure, or such n pit might well be part or a covered barnyard for housing tbo stock in Winter. The pit should ho built with sloping sides so thnt tlio manure can ho moro easily hauled out. Provision is often made to storo tbo liquid manuro from dairy barns In concroto tanks. This plan Is prac tical hut in order that It may work satisfactorily there must bo catch basins closo to tbo ends of tbo gut ters from which tlio drain leads to tbo liquid manuro tank. Without these catch basins tbo drain becomes clogged periodically, much to tlio nn uoynnco and Inconvcnlcnco of the fanner. Tbo time to apply manure is large ly n quostlou of farm management. Tlio greatest fertilizing vnluo would undoubtedly bo secured If tho fresh manuro wero hauled every day on to tbo laud, especially grass land. If tho manuro la applied to tho land In tho Spring it should bo plowed under mid tho soil well worked down so that tho manuro becomes thoroughly Incorporated with It. When a heavy coat of strawy manure Is plowed un der It may form a layer In tho bottom of tbo furrow through which molsturo from tlio subsoil cannot penetrate. In which caso the land Is apt to suffer lu enso of drouth. Cousldornblo losses may occur whon manuro Is applied to land In tho Fall whero tboro Is much surface di-aliinga unloss tbo land can bo plowed beforo periods of heavy rain. Tho really Important thing Is to got n much manure on to tho land as possible and in such a way that there Is but little loss of fertility. A E of internllng llrnm frum tlio Orrcuii AK'lt'iiltural L'ollrgc nt ConallU will iillrrnate lu Hi farm nprkl) Willi u (uiKtt r llrua uotra frum tly Wittlilngtuii Klato Cnllrca ut l'ulhn'iii. Till, will uUiii-d tin lu. trlt'liiiiiKcW tlrn from I lit" tno Lie uittloiilluiuV t'lillrtiri, f tho North. ct that tWilil (iruvv f bfucflt u (lia ifu.lrr, lor I lie ln.JtuJ.iu deal . villi kliullur VroulniM, Succulent Feed Supply Should Be Home-Grown iiy V. A. MnlclatiT. Superintendent. IT Is often practical for Western Washington dairymen to buy part or nil of tho liny and grnln feeds re quired by their cows, but nil of the succulent feed needed should be home grown. Succulent feed should bo pro vided throughout the jenr nnd must bo If tbo cows nro to be held up to maximum aud profitable milk ields. Like many dairymen, wo, nt the Experiment Station cannot furnish sufficient pasturage to maintain our dairy herd throughout tho Summer. Wo nro not nblo to provide more than ouc-thlrd of an acre of pasture laud per cow nnd consequently have as jtrcnt a need for succulent feed dur ing the Summer season as at any other time during tho yenr. We mnko use of a silo and grow corn for fill ing tbo silo lu tbo Kail and Tall sown ontu and vetch for filling the silo in early Summer. Knlo and maugcls nrc also grown for cow feed. Tlio feeding of kale Is begun lu tho Pull as soon ns the silo Is filled with com. Our kalo crop usually lasts until about Jauunry. We grow about ono ton of mnugols per cow. These nrc stored lu a root cellar before frost and are fed as soon as tho kale crop is finished. When the mangel sup ply Is exhausted or about .March 1st, wo open tho silo nnd begin feeding corn ullage. Usually somo corn slluge is still left In tho silo when tho season arrives for filling the silo with oats and vetch. The ont uml vetch ullage Is put right In on top nf this. Wo begin nt onco to feed oat and vetch ullage and continue feed ing It until tbo Bllo is filled ngaln with corn. In this way n continuous supply of good, succulent feed Is pro vldcd throughout the'yenr. Wo prefer oats nnd vetch, to rye and vetch, because the ont and vetch sllago Is somewhat more palatable than tho ryo nnd vetch nnd because ir wo havo any of tho crop left after tho silo U filled, It umbos n moro pnlntnblo hay than the rye and vetch. Wo prefer mangels to turnips or rutabagas, because wo sccuro as largo or larger yields per acre and tho mangels mako a better chicken nnd hog feed than do tho turnips or rutabugas. Also the mangels are not attacked by plant llco or by root maggots. Homo dairymen prefer carrots to mangels nnd others prefer ruta bagas. In each caso the carrots or rutabagas nro preferred becauso they ran bo loft In tho ground practically all Winter nnd llko kale, can bo hauled direct from tho field as needed while tho mangels must be harvested and stored beforo heavy frosts. Some dairymen prefer Fall-sown ryo nnd vetch to Fall-sown oatB nnd votch becauso this crop will usually yield n somewhat larger tonnage or becauso ryo will Btaud pasture dur ing tho Winter and early Spring somewhat bolter than oats. A successful dairyman of tho wrltor's acquaintance, whose land Is bandy loam with good natural drain ago, bows rye and vetch early In Soptomber. This crop Is pastured from about tho first of February to the 15th of March or tho 1st of April whon tbo cows nro tnken off and tho crop Is ullowed to grow nnd Is cut lu mld-Summor for bay. HIb cows nro pastured on tho bay meadows from tho mlddlo of March or tho 1st of April, till May, whon they are turned onto the regular pasturo fields Enough knlo Is crown n .!. Biicculont feed for tho cows from tlin In tint .oi t o;..i. " 4,l, Protecting Young Trees From Field Mice Rnvngcs WITH tho coming of Winter nnd tho possibilities of deep snow we should Immediately turn our at tention to the protection or young trees from tho ravages of tho flold mice. The work of this llttlo nnlmul In greatest in hurd Winter with deep snows nnd the results nro many times not detected until wo begin Spring work in our orchards. Thoy gnaw tho bark and often glrdlo tho trunk just at tho surfaco of tho ground and mnko brldgc-griiftlng uecessury to savo tho llfo of a tree. A clean, tidy place hnrbors few mice, nnd so It should bo with our orchards. See to It that tall grnus, weeds and other annual growths which become lodged about tho trunks of trees nro removed. They make an excellent harbor In which these little animals llko to spend the Winters. Cover crops nro Induetlvo to tho habitation of mice, especially clover nud nlfalfn, wlu-ro thoy nro sown lu solid blocks throughout tho orchard and ullowed to grow to a considerable height. A good plan Is to mow down the dead stalks for throe or four feet aiouiul tlio base and rako it buck-, leaving the ground clean next to tbo tree. After the first snow fullH, tramp firmly closo about tbo trees, thus compacting the grass so mice cannot find shelter underneath. An other plan that works well whero mice are numerous and liable to do damngo Is to mound up earth nrouiid the body of the trees to tho height of six to ten Inchon. This Hhould bo removed In tho Spring after all dan ger of attack Is passed. Holder fences of rocks, shrubbory nnd hedges are excellent harbors for mice. Here they can find shelter and a safe breeding plnco. Tho only method to pursue In this case Is to plnn for their destruction by tho uso of poisons or repollnnt washes put on tho trunks of the trees. 1. Wash tho trees with somo per sistent substnnco In which la placed Tarls green. Maynard recommends the use of Portland cement tbo con sistency of common paint for holding tbo poison, nnd applying to trunks of trees with n stiff brush. 2. Strychnine is tho most satlsfnc tory poison for flold mice. Although u deadly poison and dreaded by many people, yet with tho proper caution it can be safely uhed. Various baits enn bo used with it, such as wheat, cornmeal, oatmeal nnd brnu. Tho bait should bo soaked over night lu n poison s)rup which mny bo prepared as follows: Dissolve an ounce of strychnia sud phnto lu a pint of boiling water, add n pint of thick molusses syrup and stir thoroughly. A few drops of oil of anise mny bo added to scent tho syrup. While hot, pour over one-half bushel of ono of the nbovo mentioned baits and mix thoroughly: If too wet, add a little more or tho dry mutcrlnl to take up excowdvo moisture; ir not wet enough, add warm water until tho nnlxtur Is all wot. There should bo moisture enough to wet every pnrtlclo and yet not enough to make sloppy and cniiBO dripping. Lot tho poisoned bait stand over night. Then apply In small bits with a spoon or smnll pnddlo iu obscure, sheltered places, where tho form animals nnd birds cannot get It, because of tbo dnngor of poisoning ihoin. C. II. Sprnguo, Assistant Horticulturist. inner pari oi September until th i . . . mlddlo of February whon the rie ni d i, 1 b? 8,nnt n,ltl Insufficient ir n, V ."""" """ expects to stay In the dairy biiHlnosg and who bus u. herd of nnwnni. , a-. "tt8 " "-'-pr-aoT ..H.m mi in iTintimii la IM? ,!. JwwE LT.5.r. ." l""8 "and feed. Tho siTn ill ,.. l "ucc,"ont, way. without a nlln. nn !,.. "'" tlnuoiia supply or succulent rood Is provided. Such a plan Is fal.ly satis. :;,". iiimiiih, um, nas one de. elJod weaknoss in that n nw..iJL 'llinilo fn.. c....r..V ."" '""'"XUU '. ;- o.vmviii ihuci in fiini. II omant in iinctu- ....., ".lu "' " B-..i. !, tKVa"!u'r"'S Wnnll,, AI.!.I f A.. 1 Is Very Insidious Pat f 1113 woolly uphld I one of the most InsldluiiH and dangerous ol applo jiestu. It occurs on tlio roots nun uiiovo Krouna. also 0u the brnnchoB. Tho branch form can be easily controlled by contact Insecti cides, hut It Is practlrally linposstbte to stamp out tho nphlds on the roots. Winter wenthor of Knstern Wash Itiglon is iiHiinlly severe enough to de Htroy what Indlvlilunls uro abore ground, bo thnt developing colonics In tho Spring coino from winglcu nplildB of tho roots or rrown. Thcw nphlds nro npt to locate on a truhc or tho bark aud soon becomo con spicuous becauso or n growth of "wool." Their feed Inn poisons the tree ted results In a local swelling and tild mately in n weak tree with small. sized fruit. After a couple of gen orations somo winged Individuals ap pear which nilgrnto to other apple trees, thus spreading tho pest. Tho Bummer generations nro lest vigorous, nud In early Fnll other winged migrating individuals are produced. These rarely seek apple trees, but a to attracted to elms, It near by, nnd there give birth to wluj loss sexual nplilils, the females ot whloh produco n single egg, which It laid for tho Winter deep lu a crack of tho bark. The following Sprint tho Insect Inhabits tlm leaves ot the elm, forming rosettes or curled leaves. Its third generation Is the winged Spring nilgrnui that return to tho applo tree. Tho woolly aphid I prevalent on nursery stock, and thus gets ncccnto a now region. Apple stock shoving swolllngs or gnlls should not bo plant ed, ami olm Block should be carefully senrched tar blnck eggs. When tho woolly aphid occurs abovo ground It can be destroyed by n light nwabblng or alcohol, gaso lino or kerosonc, or If numerous Ir a spraying of tobacco-soap, such as Is given for green aphis. Tho underground form ran not be effectively reached nnd Is conse quently moid dnngcrnus. Kerosene emulsion, sulphur-llmo or as abundance of tobacco dust applied to tho rootB havo been recommended, but give only partial benefit. Plowing and cultivation to fore tho roots down arc thought to be helpful since tho aphlds do not thrivo much below n foot. Northern Spy trees aro remarkably free from attack, and such stock would prot valuable In a badly Infested district. Tho woolly nphls Is too dcllcato and weak to forco Its way through the soil, but it will work along cracxi and roots and thus nprcad througn tho orchnrd or nursery row. To provent branch Infection froo below, tho trunk may bo bnnded with cqunl pnrts of rosin and castor oil melted together and applied on bar lap or cotton strips, or ir In a dusty district whero this method would" b inapplicable. It has been suggested W pack around tho trunk of the tree goodly layer of sand throws wblrt tho nphldB cannot crawl. -A. Mclandcr, Entomologist. Winter School. The Voung Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations el tho Collogo aro plaiinlug to recelja tho short courso students and neip them on their arrival In Pullman. Tralim will bo mot, rooming m boarding places will bo found and recoptlon will bo given for all of J at men und women. A scries of " cusslons will bo nrrnnged for, at1" Ing with tho probloms or rural lite. State. College Win. In tho recent stock Judging test hold in Portland, tho State Wi lego loam, under tho direction of ijv fossor IIIslop, won 83 po-ln'8,"!!: Idaho. Tho states ranked as follow. Washington, Iduho, Calirornla, Oregon. ' -. v f fH VHWWTtTCTTTWittw- T Tflfcfcc '!;' :'M i ! 'm :: -i! li'li . : Hi i. vewitwi im ; ' rvTrr' il. ' " " i v ; i WTfWnwiJBli1!i i iii'hkJtiiii