10 HOME &8D FARM MAGAZINE SECTION I Poultry and Dairy Products at Exposition What "Small Produco" Means K to tho Modern Farmer, Appliances and Methods to Bo Shown In Affricnitn-i , Pacific Fair, tho Farm as a Manufacturing Plant. urai Palace at Panama. (By Cliarlcn YT. Stevenson.) TAKING tho fnrm ns n manufactur ing unit tlio vnluo of tho small produco rises Into largo nntional importance It la not many years slnco J. Ogdon Armour startled tho country by a scries of articlos In tho Saturday Evening Post on tho uso of tho re frigerator car and its valuo to tho farm, rjrg of tho country. Tho growth of Croat dues wliilo presenting problems if sorious political import furnishes a jrast market for tho fanner. Tho in cronso of transportation lines and tho facilities for marketing produco havo added materially to tho farmer's nn rmnl Income. Tho woll-mnnagod farm baa boeomo in truth, n factory. Inven tion and machinery havo boeomo neces sary adjunct!), and tho telophouo fur bished a daily price list. But ns in tho caso with cvory ad vancing industry in n country densely populated, having dh-cct and abundant railroad connoctions, tho larger market control prices. That this has boon of jpmonso ndvantago to tho farmer tho Iircsoat high scalo of prices of milk, luitor, poultry and eecs testify. St onls, Chicago and Now York prlcos on turkeys, as an illustration, during (ho holidny season, now control the tablo of tho town-dweller throughout ffho whole Mississippi Valley. And whero, twouty years ago, tho market in Ifio adjacent town controlled tho prico, per dozen of spring broilers, today tho prico Is quoted, per pound, at an nd fnnoo of 300 to -100 per cent, whore, fbnnorly, tho fnrmor ten miles from a country town could not market tho milk or his cows savo by tho laborious process of churning It into butter by prlmltivo mothoda, now by means of tho cream separator, tho extracted ynluos can bo sold nt stnblo markot prices at tho front gate. So that it has becorao profitably practical to pay at fontlon to theso by-products of tho farm. Two ItcsnlUJ. From theso changes two results nro ' apparent Small factories aro continu ally springing up to cousumo tho dairy products of smaller growing farm areas; and country towns nnd small railroad stations havo boeomo shipping points for nil kinds of farm products, especially poultry and eggs. Not only this, but thp farm has boeomo a fac tory for converting tho raw material Into tho finished product, or advancing H part way toward completion for con sumption. And ngnin, rovortlng to tho farm as a nnit, tho fnrm industry can no longer ignoro theso sources of in come. Nor can tho farmer rcfuso to kcop nbreast of tho prices which pro Tall; nnd whllo tho world's crop con trols tho prico of corcnls, domestic con sumption and trado must always afford a minimum of domination in tho sev eral countries in tho mattor cf small produco, alboit nffectod by tho density of population nnd tho growth of groat cltios. Tho law of supply and demand has moro freedom of action and gives groator benefit It follows that a group of tho ex hibits in tho coming Pnnnmn-l'acific International Kxposition dovotod to n showing of "Appllnnces and Methods Used in Agricultural Tndustrios" of tho character enumerated, must provo of dccldod advnntago and great scrvico to tho farmers of tho world. And it Is to bo mentioned that tho farmers of tho What Are You Going To Do? Your futuro deponds upon your trnining. Let us trnin you for a suc cessful business career. Ovor 2,000 students trained by ua nro holding lucratlvo positions. BUSINESS COLLEGE. I. M. Walker, Treiidont. rOHTLAND. OKKOO.V. Write us. No trouble to answer. Unltod States may learn much from tho display of European states, whllo South American countries havo oven a larger sourco of information in tho progress of both. Magnltudo Shown. A fow figures on dairy products and tho production of poultry and eggs in tho United States, available from tho thirtconth census, shows tho magaitudo of theso industries. In 1009 tho pro duction of poultry, incluslvo of chick ons, guinea fowls, turkeys, geeso, ducks, pigeons nnd peafowls, amounted to $4SS,-1 08,351 ; tho vnluo .of fowls raised during tho year reaching $202,500,272, nn lncroaso of -17.9 per cent ovor tho total value for ton years earlier. Tho production of eggs for tho samo year (1909) was 1,591,311,371 do7.on. For this yoar this was a production of 5.31 fowls por capita and 17.3 dozen eggs per capita. Again, tho dairy Industry for tho United States, year 1909, roveals tho followlngi Cows kept for milk on farms, number . 20,025,132 Cows kept for milk not on farms, numbor 1,170,338 Total 21,795,770 Milk produced on farms, gallons. . 5,S13,C99,171 H utter mado on fnrms, num bor of pounds-.. ..... 09 1,050,010 Butter mndo in falcorics, pounds 021,701,053 J,010,115,203 Totnl CIioobo mado on forms, pounds . 0, 105,S0 1 Checso mndo in factories, pounds 311,120,317 Totnl, 320,532,181 Condensed milk produced, pounds . 191,705,511 International Displays. Itomomboring that tho 1'anama-Pa-clfic is nn International Exposition, and that tho European nntions by govern mental or individual participation nro to bo present, tho educatlvo importance of thoso displays must riso in tho pub lic regard. Our international agricul tural exchanges must continuo under tho natural laws of production in tho great staples, but this class of fnrm industries in countries lileo Germany, France, Holland and England must have much to toll tho farmers of tho United States and tho rest of tho world. Tho industries nro classified as follows: aitOUP 118. Appliances and Methods Used In Agri cultural Industries. Class 507 Typos of agricultural fac tories connected with farming; dairies; creamcrlos; checso factories, otc. Class 503 Oil mills; margarino fac tories; grain olovntora and appliances. Class 509 Workshops for tho prepara tion of toxtllo fibres. Class 570 Equipment for tho breeding of birds and for tho artificial hatch ing, raising or fattoning of poultry. Poultry foods. Mothoda of and ap pliances for packing and transporting. Class 571 Markot gardening. Build ings and appliances for growing, gathering, packing nnd marketing vegetables. Processes nnd cqulpmont employed in tho forced -culturo of vegetables and plants, with spcclmons of products. What in tho United Stntos is an over increasing domestio trado in tho older countries mentioned enters into tho for eign exchange, Holland, for oxamplo, selling its chiof foreign shipments to its neighbors. Farmer Ownership. Tnking Class 507, comprising dairies, crenmorios nnd chcoso factories, tho Im portance to tho individual fnrmor lies in tho fact that tho tendency of tho tlmo is towards stock company owner ship of all of thoso among tho farmers thomsolvcs. In tho Stato of Iowa tho farmers principally own tho crenmorios. And 'it is almost certain with tho ex tension of tho agricultural credit sys tem, ns operated in Germany, to tho fanners of tho United Stntos, tho own ership of theso local factories by tho farmers thomsolvcs will increase It becomes Imperative thoroforo that tho progressive farmer acquaint hlmsolf not only with tho npplinnccs nppllcnblo to tho individual farm, but with thoso rgor systems which nro employed in tho locnl factories now being planted ndjacont to tho fnrms. Ho has doublo interest in this class of dlspluyo, first in tho machinery ho enn Install on his own fnrm, nnd second in tho best kind to Instnll in tho factory in which ho mny boeomo n stockhdldcr. Theso nro economic nnd political problems connected with this group of farm industries that aro worthy of montlon. Tho tendency of theso smnll products of tho fnrm must bo to rcduco itH acreage, n condition which should ho hailed as a civic boom. Not only docs tho intcnslvo farming of tho individual aero onlnrgo Its production, but tho in crenso of tho country home ndds stnbil ity to a nntlon's politicnl llfo. Tho spread of this form of investigation and knowlodgo has a fnr-rcochlng effect and ndds a forco and vnluo to tho depart ment of agriculture at nn opposition thnt Is aboro material benefits and commercial profit Form aa a Factory. Nevertheless, it intensifies tho farm or 'a consideration of tho fnrm ns a unit, n factory, if you will, to be opor atod in tho light of tho best business methods. Just how far tho individual farmer may go in dovotlng land, tlmo and capital to theso phases of produc Hon will employ his highest business ncumon and must bo dependent upon not only tho productive conditions of Ills Individual ncrengo, nut his relation to tho Immediate and rcmoto markets. Hut it seems certain that, with cur- What Did It Matter? "Gracious, isn't it dark!" muttered old Mrs. Gimps, ns tho einemn attend ant with ono streak of his electric lamp showed her a Bont Loosening her bonnet-string, Mrtt. G. tried to penetrato tho surrounding gloom. "How d'you llko it, grnn.dmaf" in quired her young grandson, who hnd boldly nccompnniod tho old lady on this, her initiation into tho glamour of thu film. " 'Sli 'shl" was tho grandamo'a only nnswor. So vera times ho ossnyed to sound hor ns to her improsslons of tho pneo, but was sternly mndo to hold his peace. On reaching homo ho told tils mother nil that had passed. "Didn't you caro for It, molhorT" sho inquired of tho old lady. "Yes, my denr," said Mrs. G.; "but, what with tho boy talking nnd mo got ting n bit deaf, I couldn't hear a word thoy saldl" Always raid For. Apropos of tho rccont strain on Col. Roosevelt 'b health, Dr. Lyman Abbott said In New York: "Popularity must alwnya bo pnld for paid with tlmo, with health, with work." Smiling, Dr. Abott added: "There's a story about popularity Lnfnyotto'a popularity which, llko a parable, has a universal application. "Lnfayctto, at n funeral nftor tho Involution, wns tremendously applauded by tho pcoplo, who finally took his horsos from his carriage nnd drew him homo to his hotel themselves. " 'You must havo bcon pleased,' a friend said to Lafayette aftorward. " 'Yea, I was,' ho answered; ronly I novor nw my horsos again.' " rent prices, no f,rm.. -J ,,,, poftr 7i production In . hL . Wni of own enterprise br ins Z Nor does it soem W u " 'elar Individual dairy, pS-l . W of farms will destroy " , "j"4 is a utillwtlnn of wa.t: , ,a ' U and unproductive landsvlT tcrod grain, was, TtVX.Vi lor and rouRht.o,s anu 11 aho( this is truo, fa.luro to .X. " M of modem 'machinery c g thoso armtnduMriesmnst n burden rather tl-,n a t..7?" lke Appliances and method, as she., t W Broun at the tonmVm torsional Exposition mu.t rein pocial benefit to every farmer wWn" attend. Manifestly. U 71 Ideas between the countries mn J. suit in greater reflective stndy thrLT out tho world. The nnnuSerS exhibit in this action will SnW return tho commercial rewards of BrtL tho only basis of lasting trade, ft application of electrical motors to fin! machinery is constantly ming h nnd liberalizing l.fo upon the fm. A rccont writer calls attention to th j. slblllty of returning tho loom to lb. homo through tho distribution of (1 tncnl power, thus Mving many of the sweatshop and mill problems of thedii On tho farm, it is certain, that iongor is thcro any portion of tho toUl product beneath tho consideration of tho skilled and wealthy huilandmiii, and with incrcnsiiig machines to do Ike work tho disadnntagcs arc disappear. ing. Tho one-crop farmer, drudging a vost field, belongs to the past. KODAK Way one and Ul pictures of yoar stocks, crops xti buildings. Wo carry iQ rnpplies and do finishing. PIKE & MARKHAM CO. 313 Washington St., Portland, Orejtm. aa'-rar.T?.. -J I On of Our Ii.oiis. TIME YET TO BUILD Y0UB HOME BEFORE WINTER. With our plans anil your han- homo-building la an easy matter, Vt'a furnUh the lumVr, trim. JMri, ! dow, cut and nuniberrJ to (it our plui. Also (Inlth, paint, stain, htnWsrt, plultf or Interior wsltbotnl. Just follow oor plus nil a pennmonl, suUiUntUl sod slincllte bom will bo yours. Your own ld cu rled out. Catalogue of tlacs free. Write todsr. READY BUILT HOUSE COMPANY 090 Broadway, rortlacd, Orejox ' Music Taught by Mail ANY INSTRUMENT-SUCCESS OUARANTEED Our coune ol iuuuctlo b ibwlmtlr f. ' Va.S SJi iKiuid Utu A cAU4 aa kwo. Tualoo l. lat pirmcou II ilnlrol. '' "twmj SEND FOR FREE BOOK SmJcnt rcctlra the time ttwntlon u If wn Pnul UKhn. Oitr 1000 iwll ertiaiirt. Rricfw. ?: wtro NMionxl UiiJL. PonliU i r mtn--a M aJJxoKt oaiojuett. AMERICAN SCHOOL Or rouaiu 6th & Antny 8ta, rortland, Ore. lfiJWU -