5
:m
1
t!
Mi
; I,
LUMBER, SHINGLES
MOULDINGS
SASH AND DOORS
LATH
WOOD, COAL
LIME
CEMENT
PLASTER
Tum-a-Lum Lumber Company
Dealers in Building Materials of all kinds. We have
come to stay and have just completed our improve
ments. Wc have one of the largest stocks to select
from found in Crook County. We sell the genuine
Rock Springs Coal, free from slate and give 2000
pounds for a ton. We deliver in the city. Phone.
Tum-A-Lum Lumber Company
WM. W. ESSELSTYN, Local Manager
Madras - - Oregon
I LIVERY,
FEED
&SALE
MADRAS, OREGON
STABLE 1
G. V. STANTON
GIVE
Your Orders Prompt Attention
Trnnninnl Qinnb fiiirrtn Dnot flf CnnH And Hon)
I llfllldlOIII UlUblV UITDII U001 Ul I 00U ttllU UUIU
4
1 MADRAS MEAT MARKET j
J. L. Campbell.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers I
FSeESiaC CXJISEJrJ MEATS
t We have the best line of Fresh Meats in the country
A .
ALL KINDS OF GARDEN VEGETABLES IN THEIR SEASON
Now is the time to do your buying
Everything at Cost for the Next Ten Days
Millinery, Ladies' Furnishings
' Sweaters, Aviation Caps
Shawls, Embroideries
Dolls, Hand Painted China
Japanese China, Small Jewelry
Hair Goods, Stamping
Save Your Tickets for Silverware
MRS. ISA E. B. CROSBY
J
Ashley Bros.
FOR-
WOOD and COAL
0. W. R. & N. Depot
Deliveries at any place within city of Madras Phone Orders
Start the New
Year RIGHT
by subscribing for
The Madras Pioneer
THE PAPER WITH THE
CIRCULATION
We do all kinds of
Job Printing
Lettet Heads, Note Heads, Bill Heads, Envelopes, Posters,
Legal Blanks, Wedding Announcements and Invitations.
Give us your next order
CALL OR PHONE
Some Principles of Soil Moisture
(Continued from page 3)
we say there is a temperature or
thermal movement.
Water is held in two ways in
the soil, as a film which sur
rounds the soil particles and in
the tiny spaces between the soil
particles. When it rains water
enters the soil. When the sur
face gets more water than it can
hold it loses some by percolation
to the soil below. That is, some
of the free water flows from the
soil spaces above to the soil
spaces below. This process con
tinues as long as it rains and for
a time afterwards, depending on
the amount of the rain.
When percolation ceases an
other movement begins. The
films begin to crawl from par
ticle to particle as water in a
lump of sugar, only much slower.
Very dry soil wets very slowly.
But when the particles are very
slightly moistened, they tend to
draw water from the moisture
toward the dryer particles. This
movement continues until the
pull away is balanced by the pull
to hold.
Most deep soils in the regions
of moderate rainfall have their
subsoils thoroughly wet, in fact
they are rarely ever moistened
beyond a depth of a few feet.
The rains wet the surface. A
portion of the water penetrates
a little further in. After perco
lation ceases, the water pene
trates a little further by the film
movement. In such deep soils
free water moving in the soil
spaces does not exist for any
length of time. The water is an
held as thin films around soil
particles. These are stretched
as thin as they can be by soil at
traction, because there is always
dry soil trying to pull it away
from the moister soil above.
This condition is a balanced one,
one portion of soil trying to pull
the water away and the other re
sisting with equal strength. We
call it the minimum capillary or
film capacity.
But all the water a soil con
tains is not available for the
growth of plants. Plants can
take out only a portion. Some
plants can take out more than
others. For instance, sorghum
will dry out a soil more than
wheat. Wheat will take away
more water than corn. Russian
thistles and sunflowers will dry
out a soil worse than any crops
which we try to grow for profit.
Most crops will dry out a sandy
soil so that only 2 to 4 per cent
of moisture remains.
Under normal dry farming con
ditions, there is very little move
ment of the soil moisture except
after rains. The soil water does
not move to the plant roots. The
roots move to the moisture. If
one will take a dish of wet soil
and sprinkle dry sou on top,
water will move up into the dry
soil. If this is then scraped off
and dry soil again sprinkled on
top and scraped off when moist
ened, a point will soon be reached
whn the dry soil will no longer
be moistened. We will then have
a condition comparable to dry
farming soils, except immediate
ly after rains. This is the mini
mum capillary or film condition
already mentioned. In such con
dition the soil water does not
move unless more water is added
or the temperature changes so as
to alter the soil water relation.
Experiments were made in
California to determine the water
loss by evaporation. The experi
ments were run from June to
September. The average evap
oration from a saturated soil sur
face was 4.88 inches per week.
When the moisture in the sur
face soil was about 11 per cent
the evaporation was less than 1
inch per week. Most dry land
soils do not lose their moisture
by evaporation. The moisture
is lost by plants which use up
the soil water in growing. In
order to conserve the soil water
plants muBt be kept from grow
ing while it is being conserved.
Dry farming lands have a lim
ited amount of water for grow
ing crops. Consequently any
more crop than the land will sup
port results in reduced yields.
The stands of crop must be thin
ner to produce the best results
than in humid or irrigated re
gions. If too many plants are on
the land none will get enough
water and failure will result.
The best results are obtained
with relatively thin stands.
A Mall Order Deal
rwn in Oklahoma the other
day a man went into a store to
buy a new saw. He saw the
kind he wanted and asked the
price. It was $l.Ub tne acuiur
said. . ., ....
"Good gracious," said the man,
t nun trpt t.hfi same thing irom
Sears Roebuck & Co. for $1.35.''
"That's less than it coses me,
"hut I'll sell it on
the same terms as the mail order
house just the same."
"All right," saici tne customer.
V, nnn onnfl if. JllnniT UnCl
iUU Vtlii uvuu . . ,
charge it to my account."
"Not on your life," the dealer
replied. "No charge accounts.
. i 1.1.
You can't do business wun uiu
mail order house that way. Fork
over the cash."
The customer complied.
"Nmv 2 cents for nostaire and
5 cents for a money order."
"What "
"Certainly, you have to send a
letter and a money order to a
mail order house, you know."
The customer, inwardly raging,
kept to his agreement and paid
the nickel.
"Now 25 cents expressage."
"Well, I'll be ," he said.
but paid it, saying, "Now hand
me that saw and I'll take it home
myself and be rid of this foolery. "
"Hand it to you? Where do
you think you are? You're in
Oklahoma and I'm in Chicago,
and you'll have to wait two
weeks for that saw."
Whereupon the dealer hung
the saw on the peg and put the
money in his cash drawer.
"That makes $1.67," he said.
"It has cost you 2 cents more
and taken you two weeks longer
to get it than iflyou had paid my
price in the firstjplace. " Square
Dealer. American Lumberman.
"CdCORADO RIVER BASIN.
A fUfllon of Vast Agricultural and In
duttrlal Importance.
Tbere Is no more Interesting river
In the world than the Colorado. In
dustrially, scenlcally and geologically
It presents moro diverse conditions
than any other stream In the United
States.
From tho crest of the Rocky moun
tains In Colorado and Wyoming it
weeps across tho Intervening country,
traversing parts of Utah, New Mexico,
Arizona and Nevada to tho head of
tho gulf of California, tho area drain
ed being about aOO.000 square miles.
In tho Itocky mountain region it flows
through a country covered by eternal
snows and waters Bomo of the moat
fertile and valuable agricultural lands
In tho world in western Colorado,
northwestern New Mexico and eastern
Utah.
It traverses the famous Grand Can
yon of the Colorado, In the northern
part of Arizona, nnd Anally passes
over the broad, flat plains abovo the
head of the gulf of California. In
this lowermoBt portion the river
strongly resembleB the Nile, having
annual floods which dlstrlbuto silt
over tho adjoining lands and render
them as fertile as tuoso In the his
toric valley of north Africa.
The Colorado and Its tributaries
have other values than tbut of irriga
tion, for, descending in steep channels,
they present abundant opportunities
for the dovelonment of water power.
Power has been developed at a few
points, but the resources of the Colo
rado basin aro in this respect yet prac
tically untouched.
The bIzo of the Colorado river Is In
dlcated by Its total discharge In the
roar 1909. which was 20.000.000 acre
feet, or enough water to cover tbut
number of acres to a depth of one,
foot United States Geological survey
- -
REGULATE STREET TRAFFIC.
Retftanda (Cat.) Engineer Uiat Qulde
Lines en Corners.
A flan to avoid tho congestion of
traffic which can be used to advantage
In most cities has been dovined by
City Engineer Illnkley of Redlnnds,
Cat. It consists of a strip of bright
aluminium paint, with guiding arrows
pointing to tho right courses, which
are moro suggestive than signs could
possibly bo.
The guiding lino runs along the cen
ter of tho street, keeping its propc:
position on curves. In approaching a
carve, whero drivers of rapidly mov
log vehicles havo a tendency to "cut
cornoro" instead of keeping on tho
proper side of tho road, tho devlco is
of special value.
Drivers would readily learn to ob-
aervo and follow tho guide lines, cape
clally In streets of heavy traffic.
Protection Against Acid.
Jumpers and overalls used when
working about acid can bo made im
pervious by rubbing tho goods care
fully all over with a pleco of beeswax
or paraffin and ironing with a warm
smoothing iron.
March 1 to April 15, 1912
From tlio MMclli! anil Kiialorn por
tlimi u( tliu Unlti'il SUtoft mill CnlimU
to all jiolnts In ttio Northwest on tho
Oregon-Washington Rail
road & Navigation Go.
From CHICAGO - - $33.00
" ST. LOUIS - - $32.00
' OMAHA - - - $25.00
" KANSAS CITY - $25.00
" ST. PAUL - - $25.00
Wnrlmnntplv low ftircH from nil other
ic-ints. Direct service from Chicago, St.
'nul. Omuhn and Kansns City over the
C. & N. W.. UNION PACIFIC. 0REC0N
SHIRT LINE AND 0.-W. R. & N.
Lines Protected by Automatic Block Signal
YOU CAN PREPAY FARES
Whllo tliLo ruton luinlyWoKthotihil only.firei
mny bo roitlil by luoalllliK vnlliu ol tho tick
et with your local iikuiiI. and nu order will bo
tolurirapiit'il to nuy mlilrcm glvuu, VAlil in
tullttiK l our vnm ruiouri'u itntl wotulcrlul
pportuumc tor uonio uumuutc.
Illustrated nnd reliable tirhitcd matter will bo
mulled anyone to whom you wUu It itmt, by
auurciaiug
Wm. McMurray, 6. P. A., Portland, Oregon
1. 0. 0. F. Lodge
Meets every Saturday
night. Strangers are wel
oome,
Charles Ortman, N. G.
i
Lewis H. Irving, Seoretary
COLONIST
FARES
Between
Your Horse
DAILY
IN THE CIRCLE
there ought to be a tiprfw
horse won Vf a? , yil
well, too? Tsh s CZ !
iumtousfor-'anew
Will ho na nwi,l .... UIU M
Lata Harness
Shop
NO. 3851.
The First National" Ban
OF PRINEVILLE, OREGON
B. P. ALLIN. I'realilKnt
Wiu.Wmm, Vlcl,p,er,'',Cl,hH
U. Balden, Ait.CuMefj
ESTABLISHED 1888
Capital, Burplui and Undlrldcd Pros
$100,000.00
of your acquaintance thcro must be
many who have bought their jewelry
here nnd they ought to be the best
judges of what bargains they got for
their money. Engagement, weualng
and mourning rings, Signet and Keeper
Kings, Gold und Silver Wntches the
best timekeepers ever made chains,
charms, brooches, bracelets, thimbles,
etc., ear-drops, etc., etc.
A. E. Peterson
Jeweler
Madras, Oregon
Send For
This Seed
Annual-fret
1 , "4IV.pWi4.S
v ui utJ ru tfK two ifiiiin itm
tMVrrrtiiititatiidu, OuliI;
quipped UUnlay ondrt ill
oitfrtioo d t loabt tod OJrt
nd uett traxnatl un vn. I
When bujini LillT'lKRii.rnlior
iaatutitmgk Scndfoicililtt.
Tb Qu H. Wt Co., 5a
J. H. HANER, Pre. C WONDERLEY, Vice Pre. L, M. BECHTELL, Sec
The J. H. Haner Abftrad Co.
Incorporated
Prineville - Oregon
Capital flock $5000.00 Surplus $3000.00 fully paid up.
Abstracts of title to all real property in Crook county.
Carefully prepared photograph copies of all records and
citv rjlats at low cost
9.
9
Pastime Pool Hall
Tucker & Culp, Proprietors
MADRAS
OREGON
2 2 fa
Cigars, Tobacco, Confectionery
Smokers' Articles, News Stand
THE
Shamrock
TOMMY McCORMACJC, Prop.
Fine Wines, Liquors and Cigars
FURNISHED ROOMS-New and Up-to-Date Quarters
1.
baltour-Uumne a
dot t m RARLEY
ana WHEAT HAY
P. W. Ashley, Agt. Phone YourOj
.li r