The Madras Pioneer
Published every Thursday by
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VIVKHT1S1NU KATK8 t)N APPLICATION
Kntereil ns second clnss inntier August
'.9. lPOi, nt the Posttfrnce at Madras, Ore.
nt'h'r the Act of Concress of Mnrch 3,1879,
THURSDAY - NOV. 30, 1911
MAKING THE SMALL
FARM PAY
The land owner who attempts
to raise wheat alone on less than
320 acres is not wise, unless he
is in an especially favored sec
tion. Even then he should have
resources sufficient to carry him
over one or two years, made lean
by total or -partial crop failure or
abnormally low prices. It is to
be presumed that the farmer
c
with more than half a section
will also be prepared for like per
. iods, but unless he is in debt he
ought to have sufficient credit to
carry him through.
Nor, should the orchardist with
. forty acres or less rely upon any
one or two kinds of fruit. If he
does he is taking a great risk
He is as sure to strike lean years
as is the wheat grower. If upon
his forty acres he has a variety
of fruits, such as grapes, berries,
apples, pears, plums and prunes,
it is not within a probability that
they will all fail in any one year.
But it is unwise for any man
of ordinary means to rely upon
any one crop, no matter what it
may be. The capitalist who has
a laree bodv ot land, orchard or
agricultural, can afford to take
the chances, but the man ex
pecting to make his living each
year from his land cannot with
safety specialize so closely.
The best farmer is he who di
versifies his industries, crops his
land intelligently and takes, so
far as possible, the profits that
the specialist throws to the mid
dleman. That is,, he feeds as
much as possible of his products
to livestock, turning it into pork,
mutton, poultry or beef, or pre
ferably into milk and cream.
Almost all of the good things
open to the farmer will come
through the dairy , cow. The
landowner, be he orchardist or
wheat grower, who does not find
that out early in his career is
missing the one best bet open to
the agriculturist or horticulturist.
It is true the proper handling of
cows to get the best results is a
business requiring close attention
to details, and there is work to
do, work that must be done,
every morning and every even
ing the year through. But there
. i3 no other work that brings
surer rewards than the work
with the dairy cow.
Any man with a tract of good
land of forty acres, or under the
b .'St conditions with twenty acres,
and a dozen good cows, is better
off than the specialist with two
or three times ihat area and re
sources of $5,000 to $10,000. For
the dairyman who is fully taking
advantage of his opportunities is
not a specialist. He must, if pur
suing his business with intelli-!
gence, maintain such a rotation ,
the
any
sphonl and church and facilities,
and the landowners as a rule out
of -debt .and with good credit.
Above all you will find the farm
ers' wives enjoying more of
comforts of life than in
wheat country on earth.
While these statements are
true of the country as a rule,
they can be emphasized in our
own section. The climatic and
soil conditions here are practical
ly ideal for the dairyman, mak
ing the industry not only more
profitable than anywhere else in
the country, but more pleasant.
We have seen it stated, and be
lieve the statement to be true,
that the same intelligence dis
played here as in the favored
dairy sections of New' York and
Illinois will give returns of more
than twenty-five dollars per cow
per year in our favor.
One further thought: The dairy
business will not be overdone, at
least not in this or the next gen
eration. It will grow more pro
fitable year after year. It will
become less drudging. With all
of the improvements, such as
milking machines, separators,
the cheap generation of power,
the automobile truck and multi
plication of creameries, the fu
ture dairyman may even do his
work in his Sunday clothes with
out soiling his kid gloves. Port
land Oregonian.
Redmond, according to the
Hub of that town, is going to rid
herself of all undesirable charac
ters. At the last meeting of the
city council resolutions were
adopted instructing the marshal
to drive all gamblers and women
of questionable reputation from
the city. It also passed a motion
to economize on the matter of
printing. Invariably the first
thing a town does when it shuts
off its revenue from one source
is to reduce expenses in other de
partments and the printer is gen
erally the one to suffer. The
Hub says it is in favor of saving
the city every cent possible,
even in regard to printing, but it
criticizes the council for attempt
ing a reform at the end of a polit
ical year.
A Unitype typesetting machine
has been ordered by The Pioneer
and will be installed about the
first of the year. The machine
was shipped from New York last
Monday. With the exception of
the linotype, the Unitype is the
best machine manufactured to
day for use in the printing office.
For several reasons it is better
in a small country office than the
inotype, in that the expense of
operating is much less, yet they
do almost as much work. The
Bend Bulletin has ordered a lino
type, which will be in operation
about the same time as the Uni
type in this office. These two
machines will be the only ones of
their kind in use in Central Oregon.
The number of fatalities in the
great game of football is less'this
season than for the past ten
years. Only 9 dead and 177 in
jured is the result of this inno
cent came? rnrwlernhlv lfqq than
of crops as to have green food for . half what it wag Jast year when
his cows all the year through. the names of dead and 499 jn.
He will raise root crops of var-1 jured appeared on the statistic
icus kinds, cabbage and kale. j book The death tol, from yeflr
Aid as one of the most profit- to year is greater in football than
able branches of the industry j an the rest of the sports combin
will come the hog, that greatest1 ed. Some of the colleges in the
of all money-makers in this sec-1 east have abolished the game en
tion of the country. And if wise, j tirely and others will follow.
ail 1 1 f i l I
he will pay a goou cieai or auen- Wausau and Neenah, two Wis-
lion to poultry, for where there consin college towns, disbanded
H a good supply or green rood . their teams on orders from the
and skim milk the cost of keep
ing a large (lock of chickens is
scarcely appreciable. But the
hogs shojld have first call on the
by-products from the dairy.
These facts are as old as the
hills. You may go to any dairy
section and see them verified on
all hands. And when you get
into a dairy country you will find
the most prosperous of all agri
cultural communities. You will
find the people well housed, the
children being brought up under
the very best conditions, good
city council.
Manager Chapman of the Com
mercial Club promotion commit
tee was advised a few days ago
by Will A. Campbell, secretary
of the Northwestern Land Pro
ducts show, to be held in St.
Paul, December 12-13, that the
Northern Pacific has offered a
number of silver cu'ps for the
best exhibits. A cup is offered
for the best sample of alfalfa
from Central Oregon and another
for the best exhibit of processed
fruits from Washington or Ore-
gon
By a vote of 114 to 48 last Wed
nesday, Bend adopted a city
charter providing for six council
men and a mayor. It is possible
now for them to vote bonds for
municipal improvements.
The Pioneer extends to its
readers and friends, best wishes
for a pleasant and happy Thanks
giving day.
HOW TO BUILD A-SAND-CLAY
ROAD
Proper Drainage Must Be Flrsl
Consideration,
SIDE DITCHES ARE GOOD,
urn I llctmll dill? ll
mo snnu nun vmj , , t
corporate! and tho mixture I brought
to n fltnto of lino BubdlvlHlon. Ihc
roaLny Is now slmpcd up with road
machine. A upllt loff draK may bo
used. From now until tho lurftco
becotncB thoroughly consolidated tho
KrontcHt care Bhould bo exercised to
keen tho Hiirfaco smooth and proper
ly crowned, and for nt least n week
tho mirfaco of tho rondwaj ' Bhould bo
reshaped every raortilnR with tho road
machine, for If tho roadway Is worn
Into ruts at tlrst It 1b n hard matter
to ever get n smooth surface
Ab soon as It has dried out sufficient
ly tho surfneo should bo smoothed
with tho road machluo and given tho
proper crown. And Just before it bo
comes entirely dry it should bo rolled
until It becomes bard nnd ceases to
show tho tracks of ordlnnry loaded
vehicles. Tho roller should welsh
from sir to ten tons, never more, nnd
may bo either horse power or a Bteam
roller.
Tho Rldo ditches should be Klvcn n
genernl cleaning nnd repaired nt lenst
once In the early spring and once In
tho early fall. All trash and other ob
ttructlons should bo thrown out on
ho sides opposite from tho rondwny,
aud nil Bcoured plncea nnd holes In
tho ditches should bo filled up with
firmly packed rock nnd clav.
How to Kep Ollvei.
Many lioiiBcUeopora know thnt after
opening bottled olives or buying them
In bulk they nro npt to mold or spoil
To prevent this pour n little olive oil
on top of the liquor In which they are
kept nnd they will keep Indefinitely.
Soak onehnir pouna prunes over
night; In morning stew till soft with
one half dip sugar. Rub through slovo,
Heat whites of four eggs to stiff froth
and add sifted prunes, boating well to
gether. Heap upon n platter nnd bake
In a slow oven for fifteen minutes, al
lowing It to brown. Sarv when cold
with custard sauce.
In th
travel ii
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YOU
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INVITED
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I'ARMURS' tlllSINi::s rminen ,.T7T
Deforo the Combination of Sand and
Clay Has Become Thoroughly Dry It
Should Be Dragged Every Morning
to Smooth Out the Ruts Care Should
Be Taken to Keep Ditohes Clean.
When n sand-clny road Is built upon
a clay subgrnde proper drainage 1b
one of the most essential things, for
unless the subgrade of the road Is dry j
una arm me surincing or snim-t-juj w
sure to break through, says Professor
M. O. Flomes of the University of
South Carolina. Ordiunrlly side ditches,
which must be large enough to carry
DtT all of the water falling on the road,
will be sufficient.
These side ditches should be wide
und shallow rather than narrow and
deep, as thus they will not "be hard
to keep open uor dangerous to travel.
They should be from four to live feet
wide nnd from one to one and a half
feet deep, sloping three to one on the
side nest to the road and down to one
on the outer side, nnd they should have
outlets ns frequently ns possible to
carry tho water entirely nwny from
the road. When the subgrade Is wet
or damp most of the time or is 'through
swampy land tile subdruins should be
laid in order to keep the foundation of
the road dry and mm. It must he
borne in mind that greater care must
be exercised to keep the clay subgrade
dry nnd in the majority of cases of a
subgrade in snndy soil.
The roadbed should be graded true
to the lines and grades established by
the engineer. All spongy mnterial.
vegetable matter, trees, roots and
stumps should be carefully removed
from the roadbed and the opace thus
filled in with sound material, and the
surface of the roadbed should be dry
and the sand nnd clny should be plow
ed and harrowed with a disk harrow
to a depth of four Inches until the
clay Is completely pulverized, and the
clny subgrade should be comparatively
dry or it will not pulverize. After this
has been done the roadbed should be
leveled up, nnd It will then be ready
for the sand.
The subgrade 1b now covered with
six to eight Inches of clean, sharp and
lound sand. When the clay already
unjcbuis inucn sand tho amount of
sand stated above should be cut down
by thnt much. The sand should bo
spread evenly nnd be of a uniform
thickness. To get the best results the
road bed should be dry when the Band
is added, nnd especially should It be
dry when the sand and clay ore mixed,
as It is very difficult to mix the sand
evenly with the clay when the latter
Is wet and sticky.
The mixing is now carried on with
a Bolko or swine tooth harrow until
LARKIN HARNESS SHOP
Make Your Horse
Comfortable
at Cost
By Getting Him a Blanket
Bargains
In all Horse Furnishing Goods
LARKIN HARNESS SHOP
New Line to
Tillamook
via the
10 f "sunset
lOGDEM & SHASTA
V ROUTES
and
Pacific Railway & Navigation
Company
Trains will run daily, except Sunday on the following schedule:
Lv. Portland 7:20 a.m.
Lv. Hillsboro 8:50 a.m.
Ar. Beach Points 1:20 p.m.
Ar. Bay City 2:04 p.m.
Ar. Tillamook 2:26 p.m.
l,v. Tillamook 7:55 a.m.
Lv. Bay City 8:55 a.m.
Lv. Beach Points 9:00 a.m.
Ar. Hillsboro 1;25 p;m.
Ar. Portland 4:10 p.m.
Washington
Through tickets on sale at city ticKet omuo, . . .h.
... .... i 1U A fc- t- fV. Ill I W -
RtrPPtc nr Fourth anri Yamhl II. to ail DOintS an ......
particulars from the city ticketagent or agent Fourth and Yamhl
John M. Scott
General Passenger Agent
PORTLAND. OREGON
IM A n D A G UADMtOC RH
m-m U-M n mbbbv mum "f -
if
Pnmmonp.inor NOV. 13
uu uajo uicmaiiuG oaic uui unw&
SINGLE BUGGY HARNESS
RIDING BRIDLES onrKS
WHIPS Srs
CONCORD HARNESS
GRANGER HARNESS
CHAIN HARNESS
HACK HARNESS ROBES
DOUBLE BUGGY HARNESS BLANKETS .
nf everv aebwu'
.i.tfinor the ne
In fact
a complete line of horse goods wilt be sacrificed d"ffCe
days. Don't forget the place, first door south or p
MADRAS,
FRED DAVIS, Mgr.
nuLi.iin
ma p
All