a. i4 1 m La
jUMtUfWtoortUL
ipfltlnn
Conservallve Document.
Is
. 10 PLEASE ALL CLASSES
. n.i.v Tariff UgUtallon Until
Currency Oh.ng...
...... MMiireM than our.
tion ;",;' truthfully.
J l?u,"T,l business commim
,w fiindimnt' .DVhl, ytry moment;
f,'li foott.h. w'"" 'Uin,td of keeping
Vhcri money In Warding
fcsnVs. f.r '', money
l U s . . m ruie, "l A
met v'"'..i,tA witn non.air
la ID !'" . . -.nrllNI
'"'7. Minmtrelii .ni-'i; u i,
nm... . i. tiiinnu a-----
u (hi " A ; .inli-avor far
W 5hW Ml ". YV
a fc,f.ni. rifrnln becou.e of such
I. l "',i?n to i"ut an end to h
irtll ii w" HllliUBlff rnupn "
jefd. t" '. . .n. to till" end, wner
,,gf, anu. .-.,,,, r.ponalbia ior
:bli to Pi"'"',.- honest difference, or
T.. many Governmental policies;
! .1 T r.n Ye no such dlffere ncee
nrii" ni" .innlnehlng perseverance
M "?,tLf. lTr,..ful dl.hon..ly.
I .l ...... ,,..
trriiHTATK COMMEKCK,
., of th. trouble that w
. . rrorn ,."" - ...
. a route . .if .iiini nr nui
a.lnI Tiriuv "" . I.
nuv-r- --anil tenon, n
....a in iniu" . ..i.i
con...bl with ....
-....... ,fn not ncoin ""
l",tV.r. Unfortunately, thl. I. in.
T'W.rtv tht th. lack of all ff.e Hv.
,.lnk Kbi breed., Th. founder.
ihou.d hav. compl.t
.i. Aniroi qi inn
-
... anil inil III - . ...
..AMiita io h-mw " . -
.. .ti Tiameu hi
... i. wiiit it lnlnlncnt comp.r.ii
it . ,w linn afirl ll
i I. lntrIAl Cilllllil!."-
t.rulalfd by th. action of ny
t. . ami in eiinvr ca iin
. - mafirr iiur in
lin1P in lOllllllMUMH
. . I mml far -riArillnK IlF f II n
i activity Th It U not ml
. a.. t i m nc ami rcaiiftiiia him
...i..tiAn Im ttininaia iimb irraur cwni"
. i. M-.i(iti nr unuonv. anu wini
' ..ah. . iri ran nniv nroirci nu
. " ...fl attll ftferlm Of till! llU'in""
ia it -- .
...n...i .w f rnv iimir naiixr inniiiiru
it. .... i.. tkf rnntrfii tn rout: II in
.,....iu nftnllji In tha Nal Oill
arirnmfUl vY lot lonimuiiun i"m.
T wnftr utn th Nmionai novrnin"ni
...... .tiL . I. . MiM.M.Imanl I rttivn,
if im ).nrnitrd tha NMonnl tnnkt. In
. ...... l.ii.Im.b. lal If la nnlriwriPthV
HUH I ItWU IW.I
rum: rooi)
iBeldenUUr, In lh nM.Kt of lh pur
curinr a rivin rtiorin ii m lirinijiriir
Btri mult L trm thimt pti-onratlon b
omiouiinnc ir.ete uwi,
(UKHUNCV,
IB nr rnfiiac to Canrrcn a vir Am I
1 tipftCUHV Call your attention in Ihm rnn
. k niMiin irn rvan iiivr
iftrom K! U lt U3 0S. Kor tcvrr.l vrur-
TiaDl a has - ...... . -......
' ''"i .i'H llLilBaixna iiifl lIUlfJClB
- - inna, iiivm iiiuii iuu urn n
.... i.u.i.. lie auaa b u i notii n
fj.mv juur liUtir au uurnaii marts
. ' mm ni in uuerrit tin ran
. .---.w. nan a.aii Kroniir mir in cr ina
v 1 ii in a ii ii nv am urinin
. .v nuiu iiibii auri iiuciiiMiian
i " i in ins urrirncv or rMiin
"wiiiii rn ri i rnn narifm vAHaaiu
ior can monev in Nrw vnrt- .iir.H
v, in iinrrior timiiki inin iim niian
... 1ILII nAllltitni Ilia fnml that
wiiicrwiifi L aVttUliiila fur ntinitnairolHl
III tn l . i --w wwv'ii r
Tk,
I .ii mm nny nlvt to
irnot It could nut but c.U. wlii.diiri-art In.
u.lrlnl ill.ii.lcr, In ollirr wbrdi. Ihn nrln.
olpl of Hi" prt'.dnt tftrirf law could rrnt with
wi.floin uo innnKfii. jiui in n country of
Urh piionotiiKtini xrowiii n. ouri It I. prob
tilv w.ll thnt vory dnxrn in nr. nr an n.
nrirf luw Rliuuld bo (nmflly ncrtUlnlxpd no
i. to non Hint no nxr.a.lva or liiinrm.Ar
bnfll. nr. confrrr.d lliernby, thnt proper
rov.nun ia prnviii"n nnu inni our forolrti
trnrt. I. eiirour.Keil Tlioro muat nlwiy. bs
a a minimum n mriir which win not only
How for III. colloctlnn of nn .initio ravnmi.
but which will t Irnat Uinhn uuud tb dlf-
fvrfnew In cott uf production here mid
nbrondi tnnl i, in. nifirwico in tin inbor
cott livra .ml nbrond, for th. wnll-britm
t th. wnno-workrr tuu.t vr b. n. cardlnni
point of Ainirlcnn policy. Th qurtiMon
nhould ho uppronchni purely from n bml
im.a ulnmlpolnt both tha tlm. nnd the
initnnor or ma cnniiK pern auch nn to
nrou.. tna minimum or NRitntion and dl
urbnnca in ilia bu.inora world, and to iilva
tha leant piny for a.iniah nnd fur
tlonal motlvri, Tha .ol. cnn.ldnratlnn
hoUld ba to ae. that th aum tolnl
of chani r.pronnnta tlm publlo i;nod.
Thl tnenna that the aubj.cl cannot with
w adorn bn avail with In th. ynr iirccpdlni;
a l'r.nld.ntlrtl .I.ctluti, Imcauni aa a mnttur
of fact iparlnr ha concluali.ly ahown
lint at uch a Din it I Impo.tlbln to itit
turn to tr.at It from the atandpolnt of th
publlo good, in my judern.nt th. wl.n tlm
to deal with tilt niatl.r la Immrdlat.ly afl.r
auch .l.cllon.
INCOMK ANII lNlir.ltlTANCK TAX.
Whn our tai taw ar. r.vl.'d th nutation
of an Incom tax and an Inh.rltanc tax
.hould r.celv. ui rar.ful attantlon of our
.claiAtor. in my Juuim.nl both or thr.
tax. ahoutd b part of our ayal.m of I'fd-
rral taxation. I ap.ak dlrfldnlly about th
nroint lax bRcau.o on ach.m for an In
come tax wn dfard uncanatltutlonnl by
tlm Hupr.ino v'ourt; wrilla in nddltlon It la
a difficult tax to admlnltlar In Ita practical
wnrxinK. ana grnni enr would hav to b.
.xarcUed to rn that It wa. not avad.d by
th. very men whom It wna mot dtalrabl to
hava taxed, for If o vadd II would, of
courae, bo wnrao than no tax at all; aa the
leaat dlrable of all laie. I. th lax which
bara havlly upon llir honn.l aa corn
parrd with th dl.hont man Nvrth-
.a, a Rrnduatea income lax of the proper
typo would h a denlrabl feature of Kedrrnl
taxation, and It la to be hoped that on. may
b. deviled which th Huprem Court will
daclar. conitltutlonal. Th Inheritance tax,
however, la both a far belter method of tax
ation and far more Important for the pur
po.a of bnvlnu th fortune of the country
bear In proportion to their inrreaae in alt
a corre. ponding; Increa. and burd.n of tax
ation. The Oovernment haa th abaoluta
rlxht to decide a lo th term upon which
a man ahall receive a biueat or devlee from
another, and thl point In the devolution of
property l rapeeiany appropriate for the
Impoalllnn of a lax Ijiw irnpoilnr auch
taxea have repeatedly been placed upon the
National etatute booka and aa repeatedly
declared con.tllutlonal by th court; and
thee law contained th proxreialv. princi
ple, that I, after a certain amount l
reached the perineal or rift, in nr. or fleam
I tncreaalncly burdened and th rat of
taxation la Increased In proportion t th
reinotenee of blood of th man receiving
th. bequeet.
KNrOltCKMKNT Ol' Till". tJiW.
A few year aco there wa. loud com
ulalnt that the law could not be Invoked
aaaln.t wealthy offender. There e no audi
complaint now. The cure or th ue
partment of Juettre during the laet few
yeare ha been auch 10 make It evident
that no man ttande above the law, that no
corporation U o wealthy that It cannot
be held to account The Department of
Juatlra haa been a prompt to proceed
aealnil the wealthleat malefactor who.e
crime wa one of greed and cunning a to
proceed agnlnt the agitator who Incite,
to brutkt vlolenc" Itverythlnt that can be
don under the exlallng law, and with the
exlatlng elate of public opinion, which eo
profoundly inrluenee irftti the court, anu
lurle.. ha ben done. Itut the law them-
lv nemt etrengthrnlng In more Ihnn one
Important point, they ehould b made more,
dennlt. that no honent man can bi
led unwlttlncly t break them, and ro that
tha real wrongdoer can be reaaiiy puni.ueu
INJUNCTIONS.
'Ju'.Al:',"t"!y'sr',,', n nr 01 ufftcieni carried to nn exceeii It bcrcmie foollhnea. (
""um nu oi eimicieni concern to th Wo are prono to epeax or tn resource oi
people of lhu country na a whole to wnrrant thl country na Inexhnuitlble; thl I not
th Kedernl (lovornmnnt In taking action. Th mineral wealth of the country, thn
C'npllnl nml lihor, ! coal. Iron, oil. gae. nnd the like, doe not
ii ia rennin Hint for aortic tlm to coma reproduce iiaeu. nnu uiirmnre i.
there will lie a rorietnnt Irirreni abiolul lv hHUeJ ultlmnte.lyt and wnatcftil.
nnd perhapa relnllvol " of iho. mnn 1,1 " donlin with It today mnn that
cltlie i wi n dwell in rtlle. r u, our dcM iidnnla will feel the exhaustion a
ali "and wi n Tn,J Jill"5.r ,OW,.n.', of 0m" senerntion or two bofore they otherwlae
that n lr 11" .'.or WK',"' 1,1 mN"! would, liut th.re nr cortalii other form
", ? .'m". vfr need ,)f ,, whcll nouM be en.lrcly etopped
JL J ... I''t'Ilnii npa rnljla from n , the wnale or aoll by wn.hlnK. for Inetnnce,
greni iridnatrinl r vlllmtlrm Wliem mi Im. 1 .t.ii. i. it... n.n.i unrrrmi. nr all
movement of paireeimwi between Ifawall and f exacted, without Just compenaatlon, of
tlx mainland. uwcm ina jonKra i vr- jutca men wno vuiuiiimnj 1".
arel by poeltiva ernouragemtni 10 aecure Army to do aervice oi an nuoaeiner un
,rr.t.r fn. lfliu. In the war of fihlDOlng be' , bin.l Thtra arn a number of Other
iween Hawaii and the mainland, then the iawB neceaaary to ao organize the Army aa
coaatwlne ahlpplng law abuuld be to far re- . Dfomote Ita efficiency and facilitate Ita
laxed a to 'prevent Hawaii auffr-rlriB It C)(pttn,on ln tma 0f war; but th.
ma rornniiriiiMii. nr. tint .mv
"irliKti . nn, ','n. H"J ,,,,rt o llilurb axl.t
ut Snv "" Wo muat nl.o rule
b ViLl v. " '! w",,lt materially Impair
hiu i niirti Willi. . nanl
..... "vn l"'Wirra in .-nr rlrniin 1 1 id.
. any iiii)M. tit... ...!,.
-v, wminar- A Ilin It ir tliN n hhh Vtlr.li
. vv.iiuir retiikii.i. ...a... ... . . .
in VilllP I... .1..
.Mil. - ui i jin a i nn Bur v in. i .
.... iFBiurfta it u.t.it. t I
- uw iiinnu iifjiiI..,.Ui a i. .
IlVIIMIIIBIl If) taall h ariMffl.
Zi.r:rr' !n or io r ranitai i.
Kxcd at (i
back whin
TM. plnn
i.V"" niilll, lilt, lama f - .
iii . o ariva th nnt
nut iirrinii Mia, i a n . .
m.riln?"1.0"' nroflt., but to meet
tncy, r ujr iiiiibb oi inn
lata .ii..., " in nn oi
I Lreai.' " ".," ,hl matter. Wo
iV'.M!r lat city In our currency:
mmriiat
van . -. . . . , . (iini, v a irnnrn iii ina
Tiitm ....
i in . . . ' - vhjb un ina innii
. Hi t riirr.n.. .. . ' "
nftui . i in rnrranrv laana
" i vt, nr Pniiran .. L . . " -T-
erihari " u,on cond ttoni ctroruiiv ..r.
u mutt I1! Ppvnnment. Buch mergnnoy
rmr-r...... : . umoti on Bdnntiatn bi.pii l t laa
lu1 ..jT' mw UUVtrnmiint anrt muat tia
Ulllla n I
1 n....Z:- " avy tax. Th a wnuM ...r.
r It wil 'Li!!!! '"Mod when the demund
inl .. .J "'"' Will a a. our inr ll. r.ilr..
"Mll.a '.r.'"ttn.ll.'' OK. It I worth whll.
nil " ,u ueierinliia wii.n... mn.r.
vtr ,"?,'t J National banki .hould
run." wa to loan In M..m..iV..
h.u 1' 'nU,l Uitalatlon to
"c Columtdi bi "act.d for th. DU
-oiumiia and th. T.rrltorl...
thl. . TIIK TABIfK.
Mr, I. d.aruuiy ltt4 t
In.ttnre. of ahui In the granting of In
luncilon. In Intmr dUliute. rmillnu to oc
cur, and the re.entinent In the mind of
tho.e who feel that their right, are being
Invaded and their liberty of action and of
peech unwarrantably retrained eontlnu
llkewl.e to grow. Much of the attack on
il.. ii.. of the nrocei of Injunction la wholly
without warrant, but I am con.lralned to
exprei. the belief thnt for ome of It there
la warrant. Thl. rjue.tlon 1 bccomlnj
mere and more one of prime Importance
n,1 unl... Ilia rnurl. will them.elve. .lea'
with It In effective manner. It U certain
ultimately to demand tome rorm or i.gir
t.nv. .,ii(.n ti would be mott unfortun
.( for our aoelal wrlfare If we .hould
parmlt many honeat and law-abiding cltl
(en. to feel that thy had Ju.t cau.e fo
r.tintf our courla With ho.tlllty.
earnr.tly commend lo the attention of th
Coligret thla matter, o that unit way
may be devl.td wnirn win umii n uu'
of Injunctions nnd proiert tho.e right, which
rrnm iima ia nine it unwarrantably Invade
Moreover, dlneuntent I often expre..ed with
the uae of the proce.a of Injunction hy th
court., not only In labor dl.pute.. but wher
tale law nr conrern.d 1 refrain from
dUniMlon of thl aui.tlon a. I am Informed
that It will aoon receive tht consideration
of the Huprem couil
lUr.HTIOSfl AITKCTINO !II0n.
Th National Oovernment ehould be a
model employer. It .hould demand the
hlgheel uuallty of rrvle fiorn each of H
employe and it ehould care for all of
(hem Properly In return. Congrea; ahou.d
adopt leglilnilin providing llmlied but drri
nlle compriuallon for arrldenl to all work
men within the .cope or the I'ed.ral power
Including employ, of navy-yard, and
arsenal.. In other word., a mod. I em
ployer' liability act, far-reaching and
thoroughgoing, ahould be enacted whl-h
ahould apply to all ponlilona. public and
prhate. over which the National Oovern
ment haa JurUdU'tl-n. The number of acci
dent, to wage-worker. Including thoe- thai
are preventnble and tho.e that are not. ha.
become appalling In the mechanical, manu
faclurlng. and tran.portallon operation, or
th day. II work gilm hardah p lo th
ordinary wagr-woiker and his family to nae
the erred of such an accident fall solely
upon him; and. on the other hand, thure
are whole cla.aea of uttorneya who axl.t
only by Inciting men who may or may not
linva been wronged to und.riake .ult. for
nATmati- Of fact a .ult for negllgonce
I generally an lnade(juale remedy for the
per.on Injured, while II often cu... alto
gether disproportionate ajinayaiic to the
employer. The law should be made such
thai tho payment for nrcld.nl hy the em
ployer would be automatic instead of ho t g
a matter for law.ult.. Workmen .ho Ud
receive certain nnd definite con.pen.atlori
for all acoldenta In Industry of
negligence. The employer I the "
tha public nnd on his own respouslb III)
nnd for hi own piofll ho servea t in pub It.
When ho starts In motion agencies which
create rl.lta for others, he should take nil
th ordinary and extraordinary rl.ka in
volved! and the risk ho thus at the moment
n.sume will ultimately be a..ui.v jd a.
It ought to be, by the general public. Onl
in thla way can the .hock of tho ''''
b" dlfVu.ed. Instead of falling ";,
or woman least ahle to bear 1 1 , t rr. r w t n
cn.e. Tho community at largo hould tiura
ih. burden, a well a. the bene!! o.
duelrv. Hy tha proposed law. employers
would tTl.. do.lrabla certainty of obit,
gallon and get rid of litigation
mine II. while the workman and hla fam
y ' would l a relieved from cruah ng load.
With auch a policy would oome Increased
iare. and accident, would be reduced In
ntTh.'cogrea. should consider the ; cxen..on
lifht-hOUr WW, I nn rMi-ii
nf thn b
of llie nrVent law haa recently been caiieu
?nto au.,Uon. ami the Hnpre.m. Court ha.
dedd.d that th. exlatlng le-Kl-lfXtlotx 1 1, u -
kTO.a. i
monae nnd complex buslnese, oapeclnlly In
thcie brafi"hea minting to mnnufacturo nnd
irniiaporatlon, trananctod by n large num.
. ui rHpiiniiaia wno employ a very
much lnri;er number of wage-enrnera,
thn former tend more nnd mnro to
combine Into torporatlona and the Hit
ler Into urilona. The relatione of the
insiiansi n tin WHgn-worhnr to one an-
other, and of each to the general public, nre i
not nlway ensy to ndjuatj nnd lo put them
and keep them on a ratl.ractory baal la one
of the most Important nnd on of tho moat
delicate Ineli before our whole civilization.
mum or rm work for the accomplishment
of thl end must be done hv thn Individuals
concerned themselves, whether singly or In
cumuinsunn; ouu trie ono fundamental fact
that muat never be lost track of la that the
Character of thn average man. uhaitiar ha
be n man of menns or a mnn who work
Willi Mia bend., la tha most Important factor
In anlvlng tha problem aright Hut It la nl
moat eriually Important to remember thit
without good lawa It la also Impossible, to
renrh the proper solution, it I Idle to hold
that without good lawa evils surf, child
labor, aa the over-working of woman, aa the
fe.llure to protect employes from loss of
life or limb, can be effectively renehed. any
more than the evil of rebate, and stock
watering enn be reached without good law.
To fall to stop these practices by leglslxtlon
meana to force none.t men Into them, be
cause otherwise the dishonest who surely
win inae novamngo or iri'm will hava every-
wung ineir oivn way ir in slates will cor
rect these evils, well and good; but the
Nation must stand ready to aid them.
I armrr unit Vwign-Worker.
When the Dennrtment of Asrrlcultnre wa
founded there wna much sneering na to Ita
usnruinesa, Ho department of the Oovern
ment, however, has more emphcttcally vindi
cated Ita nnr f uln-ee. and none aava the
roetorrice Department cornea so continually
nnd Intimately Into touch with the neonln.
the two cltlzena whose welfare la In the
aggregate mml vital to the welfare of th
Nation, nnd therfore to tha welfnre of all
oilier citizen, are the wave-wnrk.r who
doe. manual labor nnd the tiller of the noli.
the farmer. There ere. of cour.e. kinds of
labor where the work mutt be purely mental
nnd there are other kind, of labor where,
under exl.tlng conditions, very little de
mand indeed la made upon thn mind, though
I nm glad to say that the proportion of men
engaged in this kind of work is dlminlshin;
Hut In any community with the solid.
healthy nua!tra which make up a really
great nation the bulk of the people should
do work which call, for the exercise of both
body and mind. I'rogress can not pe.ma-
nntly exist In the abandonment of physl
cal labor, but In the development of physl
cal labor, so that It shall represent more
and mure the work of the trained mind In
th trained body
Our school ry.tem la gravely defective in
so far as It puts a premium upon mere
literary training and tenda therefore to
train the boy away from the farm and the
workshop, Nothing la more needed than
the best type of Industrial school, the
echoed for mechanical Industries tn tha city,
the school for practically teaching agricul
ture In the country. The calling of the
skilled tiller of the soli, the calling of the
klllrd mchan r. should alike be rer.ii-
nlzed as professions, Jnit as emphatically
as the cal nue of awyer. doctor, mercnani
or clefk The schools should recognize this
fact and It .hould enunlly be recognized in
popular opinion. The young man who hn
the fartlghtedncie and courage to recognise
II and lo ret over the Idea that It max n
difference whether what he earne Is called
salary or wages, and who refuses to enir
the crowded neid or me so-raneo proi-
slnne, and tnkta tn eonatructlv Industry ln
laad. Is i-ea.onahly sure of an ample re
ward In earrings. In health. In opportunity
lo marry early, nnd to establish a home with
a fir amount of freedom from worry. It
should be one of our prime objects to put
Itoth th farmer and the mechanic on n
higher plane of emciency ana rewnru,
as tn Increase llieir enrecuveness in inn rm
iminif M-nrid. nnd therefore tha dignity
the remunernllon. nnd the power of their
positions in the social worm.
The eraln-nroducliig Industry of the
country, one of the most Important In the
I nlted Htates. ceserirs special consiaer
Hon at the hands of the Congress, Ou
rraln I. sold almost exclusively by grades,
To icurt r-ittlffaciory result In our home
market and to facilitate our iraae aorosa
the, grades should approximate in nign
... ,, nt uniformity and certainty. Th
present diverse methods of Inspection and
grading inrougnoui me country unuvr un
ferent laws and boards, result In confu
slon and lack of uniformity, destroying tha
eonrldrrice which Is necessary for health
r.ii i.aiir ComDlalnl against th present
methods have continued for years and they
nre growing In volume anu iniensuy, no
only In this country but abroad I there
rnr. .nr t-ui lo the Congress the advls
ability of a National system of Inspection
and grading or grain entering mm imrr
state and foreign commerce as a remedy
for tha preient evils
ItKCI-AMATlON WOItlC
Irrigation should be far more extensively
davelopvd thun ai present, not oniy in ine
stales of tho great plain and the Itocky
Mountain., but In many others, as, for in
.1 unr. I" lu no portions of tho Bouth At
lantlc and Uulf fitatcs, wher It should go
l. an, I in hnna will) ine reclamation u
....inn laud. The Federal aovernmen
1,1 ..rloiislv devote Itself 10 tills task
realizing that utilization of waterway and
waterpower, forestry, irngauon anu ine re
clamation of lands threatened with overflow
nr. all Interdependent part Of the sam
uroblem. The work of tho Heclainutlon
Herilce In developing the larger opportunl
ties of tho western half of our country fo
Irrigation la more Importunt than almoa
any other movement, me constant purpu.
of the oovernment in connection witn in
Ilerlamatlon Service haa been to use th
water resources of the public lands for th
ultimata areatest irood of the greatest num
ber; In other words, to put upon the land
permanent homo-magers, lo use anu ur
v..lm. it for themselves and for their chli
dren and children's children. There ha.
i.een. nf cour.e. oupo.ltlon to thl. work
nimosltlon from aonie Interested men who
du.lre to exhaust the land for their own
immndiiitA t.rnrtt without regard to the wel
fare of the next generation, and opposition
from honest nnd well-meaning men who urn
not fully understand the subject or who did
not look fat enough ahead. This opposition
i. t tiitnk rtvlnir away, and our people are
understanding thai It would be utterly
iiroinr to allow a few Individual, to cx
hau.t for their own temporary persona
nmiii tha rnnnurres which ought to be ue
veloped through use so as to bo conacrved
for tho permnnent common advantage of the
pooplu aa u wnoie.
1 fl'lll.ir LANDS.
The effort of the dnvornment to deal with
tn. nubile land haa been baaed upon the
sumo prlliclplo as that of the lteclnmatlon
Hervlco. rue num isw mwui
designed to meet the noeda of the fertile
nnd well-watered regions of the Middle
Wot hu largely broken down when up
.vii.H tn tlm drver regions of the grea
plains, tho mountain, and much of the
l'ocltlo Wop, where a farm of ItHi acres Is
Initdeuuate for aelf-aupport. In theae
reglona the system lent Itself to frnud, nnd
much land passed out of tho hand of the
aovernmcnl without pnaslng Into the hands
of tho home-maker. The Department of the
im.rinr and tho Department of Justice
I.I...I I.. ..rn.eeiltlnr the Offenders BgUUlS
.i... i..,. and tliav have accomplished much
while w'hero the ndinlnlstrntlon of the law-
ha been oeroenvo it una wen .........v-,
it... tlm lam themselves are defective,
ba .xtended to tin. enure ' ; "'' "
hv th Government; and the present inw
Ihoum b. omended to embraco contract i on
it" I""" : I" ,i..i,i
should ns rapidly, and ns mr , -
I hose pub o worn which urn i''""'",".' I.
ni m thi act htt been construed to ex
ciud. Th. Mn.wl Introduction of the
t g t-hour day ahould be the goal toward
wli oh wa .hould steadily tend, and the
OoveVn.n.ut hould ..t the ezumpla In thl.
re.iiect.
Compulaory
of Industrial
Investigation
ltl.ik.ile.
Htrlke and I o c K o u I . w 1 1 h 1 1 1 o I r I to n dant
loss and .urterlng contlnu. to I
th. flv. year, ending December 3 . W8. til.
numb.r of alrlk. wa greater than 1 1 iom
In any tiravloua tn yoara and wa doubl
th. numb.r In the preceding flv. year.,
Th... ngur.. Indlcat. th. Increasing n.ed
Jf" providing- .onto machinery to dea with
thla nlass of disturbance, ln tho Intersil
.Ilk. of th. .mi'loy.r. th. .mploy. and th.
i.n.ral puWlQ. X r.n.w my pr.vlou. ntom
m.ndltton th.t th. Congr... f'vo"."?;
sldsr th. matt.r ol cr.atlnr th. machinery
lir wm)uUry lBV..ttUo r .uch la-
Threo year ago a puuno mui iuin... .-...
wna appointed lo scrutlnlzn thn law, nnd de
fects, nnd rocommend a remedy. Their ox
..,tniir.n aiiaclflcallv showed the exl.tonco
of great fraud upon the public domain, ami
their recommendutlon. for change. In tha
)aw were mnue wnn i" ' m v-..n...
Ing tho natural re.ource. of every part o;
thn publlo land by putting It to ll be.i
U"f-'..,.i.i .Mention wa called to the pre
ventlon of aetllement by th. I'"K. J
great area of publlo land Into th hnnda of
5 faw moil, and to the onoimoua waaj
caused by unrestricted grazing uiJn 'b
......a The recmniiiciulnl ons ot the
Public Land Commission nro sound, for
hey ari .specially In the Interest of the
actual home-maker; and where the small
homo-maker cunnot at pi ". u....
ai d they provide that the Government .hall
keep control of It .0 that It may not b.
tnonopollzd by a f.w men. Tho Congres.
ha. not yet aot.d upon these rjcommenda
llona but they .ro so Just and proper. o
.ss.ntlal to our National welfare, that I
reel confident. U th. Congre.e wi Uk.
tlm. to consider th.m, mat iny win um
mat.ly b adopt.d,
Optimism Ii food, ohax.ot.rlstl. but It
montf
wastes now In progress In Hi. United Btntes,
la easily preventable, so thnt this present
enormous loss of fortuity la entirely un
neeessaiy. The nroservatlon or replaeement
of the forests I one or th. most Important
means of preventing tills lore, Wc have
mnde it beginning In forest preservation, but
It Is only a beginning. At present lumber
mi; Is thn fouith Kreatesl Industry In the
United Htntes; nnd t, no rapid has been th"
rai or exhaustion or umuer in ine uniic-j
Htntes In the past, and so rapidly Is Hie
remainder belnir exhausted, thnt the coun
try la imnuesuoniiuiy on ina vrrco m n
limber famine which will be felt In every
honseli id In tha land. There has already
l.enn a rite In the tirlra nf lumber, but there
is certain to be n more rapid and heavier
rlsa In l he future.
Thn nresent annual consumption or lum
ber Is certainly three time ns great as the
nnitHt ernwthi and If thn consumption nnu
ernwlli enntlnue unchanged, practically all
our lumber will ba exhausted In another
generation, while long before the limit to
comulele exhaustion la reached the growing
scarcity will make Itaeir relt in mnny ongnt
tiuc way upon our National welfare. About
20 per etnt or our roreat territory ia now ra-
s.rved In National roreais; put tnese uo noi
tncluda the moat valuable timber lands,
and In nny event the proportion I too amall
to exoect that tha reserves con accompnsn
more than a mitigation of tho trouble which
I ahead for the Nation. Far more drastic
nctlon I needed. Forests can be lumbered
so a to give to the public the full uae or
their mercantile limner witnoui me angni
eat detriment to the forest, nny mora than
It 1 a detriment to a farm to furnish a
harvest: so that there Is no parallel betweei.
forest and mines, which can only be com
pletely used by exhaustion. Hut forests, ir
used as all our forest have been used In
the nast and a moat of them are atlll useii.
will be either wholly destroyed, or so dam
aged that many deende have to pars befor
effective ue can be made of them again, All
these facts are so obvious that It la extra
ordinary that It ahould b necessary to re
peat th.m.
Of course to cnecg mo waste or ump
means that there mu.t be on the part of tha
public the acceptance of a temporary re
atrlctton In the lavish use of the timber. In
order to prevent the total loss of thla uae
In the future. There are plenty or. men in
DUblle and private Ufa who actually aavo
cat the continuance of th present yem
of unchecked and wanleful extravagance
ualng as an argument tha fact mat to cneca
It will of courae mean Interference with the
eaae nnd comfort of certain people who now
get lumber at less cost than they ought to
pay, at the expense of the future genera
tions. Borne of these persons actually de
mand that tho present forest reserves be
thrown onen to destruction, because, ror-
sooth. they think that thereby the price of
lumber could be put down again tor two or
Hire, nr more years. Their attitude Is pre
cisely like that of an ngltalor protesting
against the outlay of money by farmers on
manure and In taxing caro or meir iarm.
generally.
MIXKllAI. I.rtPillB
In the eastern United States the mlnera
fuel, have already nnssed Into the hands o
large private owners, and those of the West
ara rapidly following. It la obvious that
these fuels should be conserved ana noi
wasted, and It would be well to protect the
tiannlo nrnlnst unjust and extortionate
prices, so far a that can still b done. Who
.... t.en aeenm nllihed In thn xreat otl field:
i.t th. Indian Territory by the. action of the
Administration, oner a .iriKing example ui
ih. mr.it re.utia nf such a policy. In, my
tmiem.nt tha government should have th
r rhl In Veen ine lee UI mo runt, u.i ui,..
field In It own possession and to leaae the
rlghta to develop them undor proper regula
tion; or else. If the Congress will not adopt
this method, tho coal deposits should be
.nM umier limitations, to conserve them as
public utilities, the right to mine coal being
separated from the tltlo to the eoli. The
regulations should permit coal land to be
worked In uftlclent quantity by the neverai
corporation. Th present limitation have
been ab.urd. excessive and servo no useful
purpose, and often render It necessary that
there should be either fraud or else aban
donment ot the vrork of getting out th
coal.
TIIK PANAMA CAN At.
Work on the Panama Canal I proceeding
In a highly aatlafactory manner. In March
last, John V. Stevens, chairman of the
Commission, and chief engineer, resigned,
and the Commission was reorganized and
constituted as follows: Lieutenant-Colonel
George W Goethals, Corp of Engineers,
United States Army, chairman and chief
engineer; Major D. D. Gnlllard. Corpa of
Knglneera, United Btates Army; Major Wil
liam C Slbert, Corpa ot Knglneera, United
States Army; Civil Engineer II. II. ltou.
seau. United State Navy; J. C S. Hlack
burn: Colonel W. C Gorgaa. United States
Army, and Jackeon Smith, Commissioners.
This change of authority and direction went
Into effect on April I, without causing a per
cepttbl check In the progress of the work.
I'OSTAI. AI TAIKS.
I commend to the favorable consideration
of the Congrers a. po'tal saving bank sy
tm. a. recommended by the Postmnater
Oeneral. The primary object Is to encourage
among our people eoonomy and thrift, and oy
the u..o of postal laving bnnka to give them
an opportunity to husband their resources,
uartlcularly thewe who have not the facili
ties at hand tor drnwltlr.g their money In
aavlnss bank. Viewed, however, from the
experience of the psM few weeks. It Is evi
dent that the advantages ot uch an lnU;
tiilon are still more far-reaching. Timid
depositor have withdrawn, their saying for
the time being from National bank, trust
companies and savlngn bankfl; Individuals
have hnardt-d their cash and tha working
men their o.-irnlncs; all of which money has
bien withheld and kept In hiding or in th
snfe deivult box to the detriment of pro
perlty. Through tho agency of the poml
wvlng lank such money would bo re
stored to the channel of tradt, to the mu
tual benefit of capital and labor.
I further commend to the C'ongre. th con
sideration of tho Postmaner-aenerar reojm
niendation for tho extension of the parcel
post, especially on the rural routes. There
ate now 3V-U3 rural route, nerving nearly
ia.0OO.0iX) iKonle who do not hove the ad
vantages of the Inhabitant of citlca In ob
taining their supplies. These recommendation
have been drawn un to benefit the farmer
and the country ahopkeciwr; otherwise. I
should not favor them, for I believe that It
Is goud policy for our Government to do
rvcryO.Ing pcwflhle to aid Ihe small town and
the country district. It la desirable that the
country merchant ahould not be crushed out.
OKLAHOMA. .
Oklahoma has become a state, standing on
a full equality with her elder slsteis. and her
future la amured by her great natural re
sourced. The duty ot the National Govern
ment to guard the perronnl and property rights
of the Indiana within hor border remains of
courae unchanged.
ALASKA.
I reiterate my recommendations of lant year
as rccnn:a Alaska. Some form of local self
governmonl should be provided, ns simple
nnd lnex:fnale e possible: It Impossible
for the C'ongret. to devoto the necessary time
to all the llttlo details of necctwiry Alaskan
legislation. Itoad building and railway build
ing should bo encouraged. The Governor of
Alaska should be given un ample appropriation
wherewith to organise a force to preserve the
public peace. Whisky selling to the natives
should be made a felony. The coal land law.
hould be changed so n to meet the peculiar
needn of tho territory. This should be at
tended to at onco; for tho present lawa permit
Individual, to locate large areas of the pub
lic domain for speculative purpose, and
cauae nn Immcnee amount of trouble, fraud
and litigation. There should be another Ju
dicial division eatabtlrihed. Aa early aa pos
sible lighthouses and buoya ahould be estab
lished as aids to navigation, especially ln and
nbout Prince William Sound, and the survey
nf the coa.t completed. There tn nod of
liberal appropriation for lighting and buoy
ing the southern const and Improving the
aids to nuvlgiitlon in Southeastern Alaska,
lino ot the groat industries of Alaska, as of
Puget Sound and the Columbia, Is salmon
fishing. aradunlly. by reason of lack of
proper lawa, thla Industry In bring ruined;
It should now be taken In charge, and ef
fectively protected, by the United States
Government. , . .......
The courage and enterprise of the citizen of
ii,., far N'orthueat In their projected Alaska.
1 1 Yukon. Pacific ttxi osltlon. to be held In 1UUII.
should receive liberal encouragement. Thla
exposition Is not sentimental In It. concep
tion, but seek to exploit the natural re.
source of Alaska and to promote the cam.
mere, trade and Industry ot tha Parlflo
Slat. with their neighboring state and with
our Insular posavsalnna and the neighboring
countrltH ot the Pacific. The exposition aka
no loan from the Congreas, but seeka appro
priations for National exhibits and exhllilta
of the WWern dependencies of the Oeneral
Government. The State or Washington and
th city of Seattle have vhown the character
litlo Wratern enterprise ln large donations
for th oonduot of this exposition. In which
oth.r state are lendleir trenerous atulitalc.
1IAWAU.
Th unfortunate failure of the .hipping bill
at th last session of th lit Congreua wa
followed by tha taking off ot certain Pacific
t.amihlpa, which ha. greatly hamp.r.d th
I. nna auffsrlntf I niraln rail vour attention
to the capital Importance from every land-
point or ineKing ri-ari tiaroor avauauie ior
the largest r,rcp-wntr vessel and of suit
ably tortlfjlng the Island.
Trie eecrt-iary oi wur nns gone to win mn
I,.,. In.. Vn hla rltmn t ahnll submit to yoU
his ictiorl on the Islands. 1 as regards naval armament, tha only one.
I again recwiimnid that the right, of cltl- )n Whlch thl country had any lnters.t, ll
zonxhip be conferred upon th people of Porto j wa(I hopeless to try to devise any plan for
itico. .... . . . . which there wns ina sngnieiii pu.aiuuur
A bureau of mine should be created under , w"'" ,,, aMent of the nations gathered;
above are the most Important.
'ine .nvy.
tt wna hoped The Hague Conference might
deal with the question of the limitation ot
armament. But even before It had assem
bled Informal Inquiries had developed that
nt The Hague. No plan wa even proposal!
which wouid have noa me assent oi raor.
thnn one first-class power outside of th.
United Btates. Tho only plan that med
at all feasible, that of limiting th lz.
of battle.hlps, met with no favor at all
t I. evident, therefore, that It Is folly fo
this Nation to base any hope of securing
the control and direction of the Secretary of
the Interior; the bureau to have powe.- to
ci fleet statistics and mak Investigation In
all matter , pertaining to mining and par
ticularly 10 ine aci-iucmn ana uaiixria ui mo
Industry. If this cannot now ba done, at
least additional appropriations should be given
thn Interior Dennrtment to be uied for tha
atudv of mlnlne conditions, for thn prevention
or rrruouieai mining scnemm, ior crrjim , pace on r.ny international agreement. n i
on the work of mapping the mining durtnctn, fne limitation of armament. Buch bain
ior niuuying meinour, mr iiiiiui..ia " -. ln fact it would be moai unwise ior u
ng or our hstx.
of the best and moat
clilent and danger In the Inuualry, In hort, J"" , unbulldln
to aid In all proper ways the development P ,n ftfy,M o
of the mining Industry. l . i ' ? .n" ,b.a"' . p.
I call your enpcciai attention to in un
satisfactory condition of our foreign mail
service, which, because of the lack of Ameil
can tearrthlp line. Ia now largely done
througn loreicn lines, ana wnicn, panicumrijr
mn far aa Houth and Central America are
concerned, Is done In a manner which consti
tutes a serious barrier to ine extension oi
our commerce,
advanced type a year would barly kP
our fleet up to It present force. Thl. U
not enougn. in my juugmcm, wo
thl year provide for four battleships. Bui
It Is Idle to build battlehlp unle In
addition to providing the mn, and the
mean for thorough training, w provld.
the auxiliaries for them, unles w pro
vide dock, th coaling Stallone, the collier.
Not on;y there la not now. out inere never , h that ,hey neta, w. ar.
hits beer., any other nation In the world extremely deficient Jn coaling nation, an
wholly free from the vlla of militarism as Yocvl ok the Paclne, and this deflcl.ncr
a uura, iimr im.. ,w""" should not longer be permitted to azi.x.
Urge nation, not even China, which for o Jd(J ,nd de,troyen,
ong a period h had rela ilv.Ijr to It. num- J , Roth tne xtIantle ana
bera so amall a regular arm aa ha. our.. . fortlflcatlon of the bt typ
har-
Never at any wme in our ni'torj ihouid be provided for all our greatest
the remotest danger of aufferlng from mill- mt.-... -eh larger th
n. .Ira. nt n . r hl.lnrV I " " ' " " . . ........ -. . ... . . . - .
" " i.t at present It nnouid never re npni
y been of a alza wnlcn tachmentn so far apart that they i
tarlsm. Never at an
has the regular Arm
caused the slightest appreciable tax upon
the taxpaylng citizens of tne Nation, ai-
ost always It has been too aman in size
and underpaid Never In our entire history
ha tho Nation suffered in the leaat particu
lar becauae too much care haa been given to
tha Army, too much prominence given tt,
too much money apent upon It, or because It
has been too large. But again and again we
have suffered because enough care has not
been irlven to It. because It haa been too
amall, because there has not been sufficient
preparation In advance ror possime war.
Every foreign war In which we have en
gaged has cost us mnny times the amount,
which, If wisely expended during the preced
ing years of peace on the regular Army,
would have inaureo. ine war tnumi ui uui
rrartinn nf the time and but for a fraction
of the coat that wa actually the cae. As
a Nation we have always been shortsighted
In providing for the emciency or me Army
In time of peace. It Is nobody especial In
terest to make auch provision and no on
look ahead to war at any period, no mat
ter how remote, as being a serious possi
bility; while an Improper economy, or rath
er niggardliness, can be practiced at the ex
pense of the Army with the certainty that
those practicing it will not be called to ac
count therefor, but that the price will ba
nnid hv the unfortunate persona who hap
pen to be In office when a war does actually
enme.
Industry Is always ncessary. Just as war
Is sometimes necessary, uacn na us price,
...h innu.trv In the United States now ex
act, and ha alwaya exacted, a far heavier
toll of death than all our war put to
gether. The atatlstlcs of the railroads of
this country for the year enaea june jo,
lCOd. the last contained In the annual sta
tistical report nf th Interstate Commerce
Commission, show In that one year a total
of 10S.H21 casualties to persons, of which
10.018 reprerent the number of persons
killed. In that wonderful hive of human
activity, Pittsburg, th deaths due to Indus
trial aerldenta ln 100 wore 010. all the re
sult of accident In mills, mlnea or on rall-
lnto da-
could not
In event of emergency ba epeeany
united. Our coaat line Is on me pa
cific Just aa much aa on tha Atlan
tic The Intereata of California. Oregon
and Washington are aa emphatically tne in
tereats of the whole Union aa those of Main,
and New York, of Louisiana and Texas.
The battle fleet ahould now and then ba
moved to the Pacific, J art an at other times
It .hould be kept in the Atiannc. wnen in-Ii-thmlan
Canal la built the transit of tha
battle fleet from one ocean to the other will
be compiratlvely easy. Until it I built, I
earnestly hope that the battle fleet will b.
thus .Ahlfted between tne two ocean.
year or two. The markrmanshlp on all our
ship haa Improved phenomenally during tha
Lett five years. . ,
Until within the last two or three year It
was not poslbi to train a battle fleet In
squadron maneuver under nervlce condition
and It Is only during thee last two or tnre
year that the training under the condition,
ha really become effective Another and meet
necessary stride In advance Is now being;
taken. The battle fleet Is about starting by
the Straits of Magellan to visit the Paclflo
Coast. Sixteen batt!ehlp are going under
the command of Rear-Admiral Evan, whll.
eight armored cruiser and two other battle
ships will meet him at San Francisco,
whither certain torpedo deatroyer. are ala
going. No fleet of such size ha ever mad.
euch a voyage, ond it will be of very great
educational use to all engaged in It. Th.
only way by which to teach officer and men
how to handle the fleet o a to meet every
pcarfble ertraln and emergtney In time of war
U to have them practice under similar con
dition In time of peace. Moreover, the only
way to find out our actual need I to par
form tn time of peace whatever maneuver,
might be necessary ln time of war. After
war I declared It I too late to find out
the needs; that meana to Invite disaster. Thla
trip to the Pacific will show what some ot
our need are and will enable ua to proyld.
for them. The proper place for an officer
to learn hi duty 1 at sea, and the only way
In which a navy can ever be made efficient
la by practice at pea, under all the condition,
wh'ch would have to be met If war existed.
If all that ought to be done cannot now
be done, at least let a beginning oo mjoi
roads, For the entlr country, therefore. j Jn Iaat tnree annual message, and In
I afe to y that the deaths due to Indus- . nt'eM message to the last Congress, th.
trial accident aggregate in ine miBnuu.- j l,, , for ie-t,iatIon that will causa or
hood of 20.000 a year. Such a record makes he of tha Navy t0 reach th.
the death rate In all our foreign war ut-( ' captain and rear-admiral at lea.
terly trivial by comparison. The number of advanced and which will cause them
deaths In battle In all the foreign war. put "''J J1' ,nB trang and experlenc.
logemer. ior in" i tcmuij ...v. , highly responsible duties or mosi
aggregate considerably less than one year". , in IM nig y v thorousn,y
death record for our ndu.trie. A mere Jf , handIlne battleship, dlvi.lona.
glance at these figure. Is sufficient to. how """" ' ,, ,..?, ln .c,ion. haa been
of the outcry against rauuar- i
urdlty
Ism.
The Medical Corps
r,,iit- .rni.inril and ureently recomr
. ,. . . Upon thl subject the Secretary of the Navy
should be much larger i mHtei detailed and definite recom-
has submitted
inan ins neeua oi our mendatlons w
vet at present it is smaller proval. and which
than the need of our regular Army m war. ' . . which have received my ap-
I, una.t.ri Into law.
nr me sorvi" o unn.im ........ ---- accompl sh what is immediately nui.-
Bpanl.h War occurred leas than ten year w" P' " compared with exlstinr
?. ' .'JL ? W.t,U"e,.eih1.nch,tnettver mak. a saving of more than 13.000.000
or mice nii.ui.E --- --. .,
left the country At the moment me rauon
seemed deeply Impressed by this fact; yet
seemingly It has already been forgotten, for
not the slightest effort has been made to
prepare a medical corps of ufflclent Mze
to prevent the repetition of the same dis
aster on a much larger cale If wa ahould
ever be engaged tn a aerloua conflict. The
trouble In the Spanish War waa not with
the then existing officials of the War De
partment; it was with the representative
of the people as a whole who, for tha pre
ceding 35 years had declined to make the
necessary provision for the Army. Unlets
nmpie provision is now made by Congress
to nut tho Medical Corps where It should bo
put disaster In the nex; war Is Inevitable,
and tha responsibility will not lie with those
then in char.e of the War Department, but
with those who now derline to make tho
necessary provision.
Put the Medical Derartment Is not the
only department for which Increased pro
vision should be made. The rata of pay for
the officers should be greatly Increased;
there Is no higher type of citizen than tha
American regular officer, and he should
h.ve A fair roward for hla admirabl work.
Trer siiould bt a relatively even greater
Increase In th pay for the enlisted men. An
especial provision should be made for estab
lishing grade equivalent to those of war
rant officers In tho Navy which should be
open to the enlisted men who serve suf
ficiently lonp and who do their work well.
Inducements should bs offered sufficient to
encourage really good men to make the
Army a life occupation. The prime needs
of our present Army Is to secure and retain
competent noncommissioned officers. This
difficulty rests fundamentally on tho quea
tlon of pay.
The noncommissioned officer does" not cor
respond with an unaklllrfd laborer; he" corre
sponds to the best type of skilled workman
or to the subordinate official In civil insti
tutions. Wages have greatly Increased In
outside occupations in the last 40 years and
the pay of the soldier, like the pay of tha
officers, should be proportionately Increased
The first serge.-nt of a company. If a good
man. must be one of ruch executive and
admlnlstatlve ability, nnd such knowledge
of his trade, as to be worth far more than
wo nt present pay him. The same Is true
of the regimental .ergeant major. Thca
men should be men who had fully resolved
to make the Army a life occupation and
they should be able to look forward to
ample reward; while only men properly
qualified ehould be given a chance to secure
theae final rewards. The Increase over the
present pay need not be great In the lower
grades for the first one or two enlistments,
but the Increase should be marked for the
noncommissioned officers of the upper
irrndes who serve long enough to make It
evident thnt they Intend to stay perma
nently In the Army, while additional pny
ehould bo given for high qualification ln
target practice.
Among the officers there should bo se
vere examinations to weed out the unfit
up to tho grnd of Mnjor. From that po
rltlon un appointments should bo solely by
selection nnd It should be underetood that
n mnn of merely average capacity could
never get beyond the position ot Major,
while every man who servea In nny grade
n certain length of lime prior to promotion
to the next grade without getting the pro
motion to the next grade should be forth
with retired. The practice marches and
field mnneuverB of the lnat two or three
yenra have been Invaluable to the Army.
They should be continued and extended. A
rigid and not a perfunctory examination of
physical capacity has been provided for the
higher grnde officers. Thla will work well.
Unless an officer hns a good physique, unless
he can stand hardship, rlda well, and walk
f nh ly. ho la not fit for any position, even
after ho has become a Colonel. Before he
hna heccme a Colonel the need for physical
fit nets In the officer I almost as great aa
In tha enlisted man. I hope speedily to see
Introduced Into the Army a far more rigid
and thoroughgoing test pf horsemanship tor
all field officers than at present. There
should be a Chief of Cavalry Just a there
Is a Chief of Artillery.
Perhaps the moat Important of all legla
latlon needed for the benefit ot the Army
la a law to equalise and Increase the pay of
officers and enlisted men of tha Army,
Navy. Marine Corps, nnd Itevenue-Cutter
service Buch a bill ha been prepared,
which It I hoped will meet with your
favorable consideration. The next most
essential measure I ta authorize a number
of extra officer a mentatond above. To
mak. th Army more attractive to enlisted
men. It la absolutely esrcullal to create a
service corps, auch a exist. In nearly every
modern army In th world, to do th. skilled
nd un.kllled labor, Inseparably connected
with military administration, whtob. I. now
during the next .oven year.
1UC AA"BU1;
The Second International Peace Confer
ence wa convened at The Hague on th
15th of June lat and remained In aesston
until the 18th ot October. For the Drat
time the representative of practically all
the civilized countries of the world unite
In a temperate and kindly discussion of th.
methods by which the cause of war might
be narrowed and Ha Injuriou effects re
duced. Although the agreement reached In th.
conference did not In any direction go t
the length hoped for by the more sanguine,
yet ln many direction Important step wero
taken, and upon every subject on the pro
gramme there wa such full and conalder
ate discussion as to Justify the belief that
substantial progress has been made toward
further agreement In the future. Thir
teen conventions were agreed upon embody
ing the definite conclusions which had been
reached, and resdl'jtlons were adopted mark
ing the progress made in matters upon
which agreement was not yet sufficiently
complete to .make convention practicable.
Cuba.
A year bro In consequence of a revoiui
tlonary movement In Cuba which threatened
the Immediate return to chaos of tho 11
and, the United States Intervened, sending
down an army and establishing a provision
al government under Governor Magoon. Ab
solute quiet and prosperity hava returned
to the Island because of this action. We art
now tahln? Bteps to provide for elections
In the Island and trtfr rtWclailtrt 1 within
the coming year to b able to turil tb
Island over again to a government chose?"
by the people thereof. Cuba Is at out
door. It is not possible that this Nation
should permit Cuba again to sink Into th
condition from which we rescued It. AH
that we ask of the Cuban people Is that
they be prosperous, that they govern them
selves so as to bring content, order and
progress to their Island, the Queen of tho
Antilles; and our only Interference haa been
and will be to help them achieve the re
sult. China.
I ask for authority to re-form the agree
ment with China under which tha Indemnity
of 1000 wa fixed, by remitting nnd cancel
ing the obligation of China for the pay
ment of all that part of the stipulated In
demnity which I in excess of tha sum of
Jll.OSS.-IO-'.OO, and Interest at -I per cant.
After tho rescue of the foreign legation
In Pekln during tho Boxer troubles In
1000 the Powers required from China th.
payment or equltablo Indemnities to th.
several nations, and the final protocol un
der which the troops were withdrawn,
signed at Pekln. September 7. 1001. fixed
tho amount ot this Indemnity allotted to
the United States at over 120,000.000. and
China paid, up to nnd Including the 1st
day of June. last, a llttlo over 10.000,000.
It was the first Intention ot this Govern
ment at the proper time, when all claim,
had been presented and all expanse, ascer
tained an fully as possible, to revise th.
estimates and account, nnd as a proof ot
sincere friendship for China voluntarily to
release that country from Its legal liability
for all payments in excess of the sum which,
should prove to bo necessary tor actual
Indemnity to the United States and Its citi
zens. Chinese Student.
Thla Nation should help In every prac
ticable way In tho education of tha Chines
people, so that tha vast and populous Em
plro ot China may gradually adapt Itself to
modern conditions. Ono way of doing thl.
Is by promoting the coming ot Chinese stu
dent to this country and making It at
tractlve.to them to take courae at our uni
versities and higher educational institution.
Our educators should, so far a posajbla,
take concerted action toward thl end.
lutcruatliuuil llurruu ot American Republic
One ot the results of tho Pan-Am.rlcan
Conference at TUo Janeiro In th Gumm.r
of 1000 ha bean a great Increase In th.
activity and usefulness of the International
Bureau of American Republics. That In
stitution, which Include all th. American
Republics in It membership and brings all
their representatives together, I. doing a
really vuluable work In Inftrmlng the peo
ple of the United State 'bout th othr
Republic and In making I I OJnlt.d Stat.
known to them. It actlu-J aow limited
by appropriations d.term
doing a work on a mucry
rendering much le.i vtf
recommend mat in ct
Government to th. exp.i
be mad. commnurat. .
work. THEODOn:
Th Whit. Houss, Dci.
Mi it wa.
Nl. and
i