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About The Madras pioneer. (Madras, Crook County, Or.) 1904-current | View Entire Issue (March 14, 1907)
! 4 The .V as Published every Thursday ly -THE PIONEKK PUBLISH IKO CO.- Pioheer hnni and Goulet do not. feel that tliev 'care to go ahead with ihe vok Wince the undertaking voi'd pla'ce a great. iVspmiaihi 1 it V upon 'heir shoulders one 8UB80RIPTI0N RAT'fe8 : .. l 1 en .iiujuur , ,, ........ ( ,. . ,Stx mouths .86 1 v ouici oh a umuitiess jtio at tne Three months 60 ,H.st. After hearing ADVKKTtSINO ItATKS ON APPLICATION : I lie llMliy OOUiplai II tS, tliefOUl the conclusion that it TCntr.rcd ns .second clnss tnntier Anuitsr I .... . . ... , . . 5lD, 1901, nt the' Postolfice nt Madras. Ore. unuer 1110 acioi uongrehs 01 ainrcu u, ioiw. THURSDAY came t would be justified in '"shirking tin- responsibility and leave the matter to iu- lutVire action ol March 14, 1907 the people. Salem statesman. The absolute disregard of the humorous ietnonstrances a The lour years term of Miss ,'Anne M. Laiiir. the Receiver of Uraiust thv building of the new The Dalles land office, expired courthouse in this county is in 'i .this uimiiiI ultlioutrh she .vmIIJ sinking contrast to the action - I' the Marion county officials 1' A .7. . , . . Hold tlieotlice until lit r succes so'' has been appointed antl lm qualified; and in this connection, flinch inteiest is felt throughout1 the district as to ,who t cessor will. be. Could her snc the de .c'ision be left to the pations ol the office there is no doubt thai Miss Lang Mould succeed her sell', for no more justly populai official is in the government .service today. Years of service in the land office have familini- jzed her with the details of the . .t jvork and given her a thoiough .knowledge of land office decis ions, and by her intelligent and "courteous 'attention to the pa trons of the office she ha." earned an enviable leputaiion '.as uti official. To the ordinal .layman land matters are at "best bewildering, but when in difference or inccinpeteiice on the part of an official are aude' they become a positive aggra vation. It is all the more ap preciated therefore, when one encounters the courteous and It is not. an exaggeration to say that Oregon, alone of n he Mutes and territories of the Union, still oilers to the settler advantages as great, as, and in man' respects greater than, were enjoyed by the pioners of (lie days wnen tne west was 6ung. The cheapest good 'and now to be found in the United States is still to be had in abundance in Oregon, some ol it still open to settlement under the. homestead act. No state in the Union has a soil more productive or a climate more salubrious. No other tate approaches Oregon in area did value of standing timber. Few possess the mineral wealth, and in none is the mining de velopment destined to be rreater in the near future. Oregon fisheries are now, and tor 3 ears tocome will continuej to toil, the most districts wlierc SCIENTIRC FARMING H Points about conserving moisture in the essential point in successful crop raising m gg rainfall is light. CAMPBELL AND DRY FARMING Ik'"" U' ""' nroRoncmlly level and In tills reopeot every opportunity ih irlven th flintier to auvo tiio wutor. To enable tho wafer to run down quickly Into tho lower soil, a cleop bed, of porous noli should ho prepared. lhln does not menu Una the soil should necessarily bo Ioso and open with largo air spaces', It should ho 11 tnul low, close-grained nintHi, without tuiy tendency to solidify or to stiok to gether. When tho soil is In tho con dition desorihud hy Baying II Is In "go'd tilth", It will tiiko up wider readily. This luyer of Hue, close- grained soil should ho deep in order that much "wider may ho stored In It. Wider occupying Hut Iniorsiitiiil spaces in this upper soil will idowly slide Into tiio deeper soil. Thus, when tho soil ia properly prepared, tho water of a hcuvy rain may bo collected and -until as iu ftspongO'llKo reservoir. It will sink down so its to equalize Itself and leavo tho soli in good condition for surface tIlht!o and for I ho develop ment of plant roots. Tho tilth should 1)0 deepened cratluttlly in semi arid regions as well as in humid ones, nl- though less Injury will result from turning up tho bettor weathered sub soil of the former- efficient sei vice that has char 'acienzed Miss Lang's adminis tration of the land office. Were .the question of especial fitnest tfor the office the only test, there would be no -doubt of Miss Lang's reappointment, but the to be, a source of wealth those engaged in them. Na ture has blessed the state wit great water highways and with splendid harbors. All these natural advantages combine to make Oregon the ideal poor man's country. In the exploitation of these great resouices there is furnished Jand ollice appointments are I .ket for abor -n ciaimea as a part 01 their "pai- dele- c.reasewitn each passing year 1 lie intending settler need not hesitate on account of poverty Here he will find health strength and willingness to work sufficient capital. Ore gonian. ronage" by our senatorial Ration, and i.ey have recom mended other names from among their supporters for t ie appointment. Should their recommendations prevail and 'Miss Lang fail of reappoint- meat tne jana service win nave A mtle a.urv of snow ccom lost an official of the highest panid by a drop in the temper vuaiacier, ana uie puonc a most utllre ast Sunday and Monday emcieni ana paiustaKincr ser- ri Iran fnnurl f r I 1 r 1 1 i'nf a vant. last vear. but it blew over and kllTVA curcD (.nuuipcinii I i'" unubr vwivimiooiuiY 1 : . . we am again enjo3"ing line Governor Chamberlain has Spring weather. It was just a announced the appointment ol ye.rago last Sunday, on March the biate iSoaid of Sheep Com- MO, 190G, that the worst storm of missioners, the nppointae last Winter began, and it last .toeing: W. H. Sleusloff of ed for five days without abating . fcaiem, tor the lust district; in the least. The extreme cold 'fill T . I gliomas 5oy ien ol iia3 creek lor was accompanied by a dust the second distiicl; and Dan P. storm, the particles of dust be Smythe of Pendleton, for the ing so line that it had the ap inn u district. The commission- ers aie each allowed tfloOO per 'year for travelirg expenses, but Ihey draw no regular compen sation. , Mr. iBoylen, who will repre sent the second district on the commission, was until lecently manager of the Prineville Land & Livestock Co. at Muddy. He severed his connection with that company the first of the year, to accept a position with tiie B. S. & L. Co. of Ha3 creek, lie was formerly a resident of Umatilla county, and is one ol the best known sheepmen in the slate, The second district is com-j posed of Wasco, Sherman, Gil- lam, Wheeler, Crook, Lake and Klamath cuiiuiies. thought to be until the dust be gan to settle and cover the ground. It was during this cold spell that most of the fall-sown wheat in this section was frozen our, the only grain which escap ed fret zing being in those local ities where the snow had drifted enough to protect the grain from the cold. It is fortunate thai the storm was not repeated this 3 ear, as great damage would have resulted to the tender grow ing grain. TAXPAYERS REGARDED THERE ,. That 1 he plans for the im provement of the court house, as recently outlined, will be a bandoned, has practically been decided upon by the members . of the Mariotl county court. In "All roads lead to Oregon" is the declaration of the railroad advertisements concerning colo nist nites. Thiols very pleas ing as lar as it goes, but what we have been complaining about is that they don't lead to all parts of Oregon. When the roads lead to Central Oregon and the Coast country from Astoria to Coos Bay, from Klamath to the Columbia and from the Willamette Valley to Snake Itiver, we shall appreci ate the full meaning of tho as. The Hclentlllc Farmer, In tin editor lal on tlieDry Farming Congress, ptys the following tribute to Mr. II. W. Campbell, originator of the Campbell system of dry land farming: "The recognized experts in "dry farming" from all over tho great semi- arid area were present, as well as some of the bestl;nown of tho govern. meut meu such as Carlotou and Chilcott. It augurs well for this new movement Hint tiie government saw tlttoseud its most eminent experts. but the hero of tho cougress, ami the inaii who will, so long as ho lives, lie looked upon as (tie foremost exponent if these fundamental principles, wlth tut which reclamation of tho arid lands without irrigation will bo Im possible, was II. W. Campbell of Bethany, Nebraska. This is the man who8ald that the region known as semi-arid could bo reclaimed, when even the government experts laughed at him, and when the agricultural colleges declared that His views were ahsurd. I have within ttiu past flvi years heard from tho lips of some of tho most eminent experts in the nation the assertion that the 'Campbell sys torn of soli culture is a mere shihbo lolli. I have in my possession today letter written less than three years ago from oue of the experts in the Ag ruultural Department at Washington asserting in most positive language ttiat winter wheat cannot lie grown successfully in eastern Colorado with out irrigation. It is refutation enough to state that there is at the time of this writing more than fifty thousand acres of winter wheat in eastern Colorado, above the ditches promising a harvest Hint will put the LTeat "wheat belt" of the nation to sli sine. Management of Soils Extracts from Bulletin No. 266, by Geo. H. Failyer, of the U. S. Bureau of Soils. view of the strong objections of- fered by the taxpayers, Judge Isertion that "all roads lead to boott and Commissioners JNeed Oregon. Oregomati, Soil Management In Dry Farming The farming operations in the semi- arid sections of the country have gnu- eraily been of tho roughest kind, The effort has been to grown broad acreage of crops. In gooii seasons the profits have been large; in dry years the lotses were not considered to he so great as if better farming hud been practiced. Hut some few farmers have followed better methods and have shown that tho benefits resulting from good farming, as compared with poor farming, are even greater under semi-arid conditions titan under hu mid conditions. Good farming not only gives belter yields in good sea- sons, hut often secures fair yields when poor farming gives absolutely nothing. ft is r.ot to be expected in tho semi- arid regions that any method of farm ing without irrigation will Insure crops in ull years. There will ho years of such light rainfall or of rainfall so poorly distributed that the best system rigorously applied will not prevent crop in! lures. Jjut by proper soil mangemeut and farm manauemunl the diaastrous years may bo rendered less fn qiient. I Successful management of soiln un der semi-arid condit ions requires tiiat thought und effort bt directed to ac complish thise three tilings: 1. The collection within tiie soil of all water fulling upon It. i'lie retention within the soil of the water It Iihs absorbed. 3. The growth of crops that thrive well under semi-arid conditions. Storing Water In Soils In dry fanning (farming with tut irrigation) iu the semi arid regions tne quantity :ii water avuilablo to plants is the limiting condition of success, Lund iHaliuniitiiit end cheap and I lie soil Is fertile. Water Ih the oue element (hut may he needtd to produce a crop, Hueh being the case, it Is obvious thai, no water should ho allowed to run off from farm lands. Il should ull be made to enter the soli, Tho rains of (he semi urid regions often come In the form of sudden and heavy showers, Hueh ruins fill tjie upper soil completely. The pore space becomes full of water, and .iin Itss the lowersoil pt-nuflH Uk, excess to move down rapidly much if (lie subsequent wiiifull ru'hover the Aur face and oil" the fl eldOTh IMfifH of water ami nccompanyuigT Injury hy Packing Tho Soil In the procesn of plowlni;, tho fur- row slice is completely separated from tho soil below. Trash of various kinds is often turned under, further separa ting tiie two. This looserod soli should bo sett led to re-establish con connection with the lower soli. Haius will do tho work iu time, and in humid regions this may bo till that Is required, but In seml-arld regions it it not. Evaporation Is rapid from such loosened soil, and It should not be left In Ibis open condition where water so valuable. A process of fettling and firming the lower soil while leaving the immediate surface loose and gran ulur bus been called sub-surface pack ing. I'lds packing may bo done willi an Implement especially devised for the purpose or less effectively with u weighted disk harrow, tolling tho disks struiht so as to cut down into the soil and turn it as little as possible. A corrugated roller or a spike-tooth narrow also serves to settle Hie soli when other tools are not available, if much tniih him heen plowed under or the furrow Hllue is thick tho harrow will be less effective. Tho common smooth roller by compacting the hut- face increases tho loss of water hy evaporation. The ground plowed in the forenoon should bo packed and narrowed before stopping work for noon, and the same at night. This it. very important, as a fresh moist Mir- face loses water to the air very rapidly. ) he surface loocened hy the Harrow dries out quickly and protects the soil below, if th0 soil becomes too diy before the harrow Ih used a duo dust will be the result and winds will carry much of the latter away. The time when the seed bed is pre pared Is important. Itwillvaiy wiit the nature of the cropping of the laud. With wheat, oats, or any crop Umt is harvested iu tho summer, the ground should ho fttrred as soon after Hi.. removal of the crop us possible. Iu this cM more will depend upon the tune of doing the work than upon the kind of tillage. Owing to the crowd ing of work ut harvest llmo some ruphl way of breaking up the surface should be adopted so that tho whole of the field may be gone over quick 'y. I)oiiiIe-dl.k the ground and rll,m. withu Miioothing harrow. Keep the harrowing ( hme up to ihe disking. Hy iiiTiormiiig huh work early the mola uiiu 10 mi, soi 1 wm bo retained and tho plowing may bo d.ine moro m leisure, hut it should not bo postponed too. long. Plow Ing will leave such ileitis 111 much better tilth than tho not so disked. Any rains that come previous to plowing will bo taken un I... . I. .. .1 : . 1- . .1 . . . yy ini-oihueo laud belter than bv the ury stubbie ground. After plowing, pack or settle tiie noil by mi0 r die methods already given and surface Willi the harrow. Slu old the plowing lie deb.yed 100 It ng nfier the disking and especially should heavy showers intervene, htlrlhe surface of the soil with the liuriow. Tills should bo done as soon after the ruin as the soil Is In u condition not to puddle. After the ground Is plowed uho the burrow us fnqueiilly us Ih necessrtiy lo maintain the mulch 2 or .'J Inches deep. Con tiniie IIiIh until seeding time. If Ihe previous crop wuh luu vfiHtiul 111 tne i mm, a forage crop, lor instaiiee. the double disking may b0 ,,10 ,t.r0ro the ground frecr.es. If this lias not been done, It should be dune as eurlv I., ft... - ... I..., rq.iinK us mo siirfuco Is 1 rv nn soon as the front la out. The orop to bo grown will, of oourso.tiotormlno the time of plowing, tf fall wheat In fj0 be k row il, tho plowing need not bo do no until Idle "Spring or early rtuni. nirrl'f the surface tillage bo kept up, "flow not Inter I ban midsummer, pack und harrow ns directed (or tho wheat stubble. In all oases of fall s'dodlii, summer tillage with harrow or disk should bo continued ho hh lo tnitlututn thorfOtt mulch. Advantage of Summtfr Cut fur a Tho treatment of tho soil outlined above has been called summer culture by some. While quite similar to the, old custom of summer fallowing, It Is something more than that, In the fallow lhi land wan plowed to keep down Ihe wee lis and to aerivto It, The culture was not specially timed to concervu 'lnolsturu nor of it special character adapted to that purpose. The culture hero described will give all the I'onc'llt of Ihe summer fallow and at tiio sulno tlmo save tiie 'moisture. In several of tho western Matei many of the fn r intra are succcVsfully following 11 system hy which they raise a wheat crop once In two years, Rlorlng up water in allernalo years. Where tho rainfall Is somewhat great er a crop Is grown two out of three years. The system Is quite flexible, and should be adopted quite iteiivrally in the stml arid region. Plow audxMilllvutit the lathi as ill reeled forstoriug and retaining iiioIh-, ture In tho soli. If ut seeding iimH the soil In a nml.it condition to u coushler-i able depth, put tho crop III, even if a oiop was grown 011 tho same ground' (he preceding season If Milllclcnt moisture has not been stored In iht. noil, let Ihe land lie overand continue ihe tillage. The work 011 tho whole w ill be let-s than If u crop wen- at- J tempted each year anil the crop will be greater. Indeed, by Hiving 1 lit rain fall of one year to help out Ihe next year, a profitable crop will often bt set tired when there would have In en nothing had all attempt been made to grow a crop eaeli year. Tho "sub-surface pucker' or dered by J. W. & M. A. Robin- son'ife Company ariived the Hist of tho week and was Immediate ly bought by J. T. Robinson til Culver, who will use it iu con uection with all his Spring plowing. Mr. Robin 8t' has been a resident of this section for nearly a quarter of a cent 1113 and is a "convert" to the princh l, f ' . 1 pics ui ury Mirmiiig jCllown U the Campbell system. His ex perience m this country has taught him the lesson that con seiving ihe -moisture in the soil is tne most important matler with which the farmer has to deal in these semi-arid roL'ioiiH, and ho is oroliiinir In ih.-n knowledge. Tho sub-surfaie packer which he has Just bough J is the first ono of thu kind ad vocated by Mr. Campbell to be brought into this locality. Messrs. Robinson & Company of this place have a number ol others ordered from the factory but owing to the car sliortiiEM, there has been great delay in till shipments from tho Kast. They expect them, however, in the near ftilure. "KAUnsti, J vuuiia. m . THE DALLES FlHR Hflnflmnrl 11 iiiu 1 1 u 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ni 1 h un When Ii, ii.ni.1 , ... fe n.v f,1 hi mail.. 1.. "" if 1. Best California U Tannei Has AH lbtri..,Hirlrtlv h... 11 1 1 1 1 Mir i 1...' "tl A ir.it I ii...:... V '"El) . Wl'llf. 11,1 f I 1 1 1 IN. II A !... ""l llrfu a Alwn,u ' ' "."'"wi ltei.alrlliir All . . , ' V"1 Till III 1. ,1.... 0 I Aniui mm w M 1 M 1 mm m m a n n a fill A nrrnn ufiHrfitiiU lIPMl'M Hill! Wilr f - ' r PlllYft 111. KIIMVtMl I Hit 1. " udth "l r 1 on f WALL PAPER Oct A ( bitrlrr 0(V iroil.r ,a LOUCKSBROS.. SPBt tut nTn.- FurBalK I'ure bred Wlilto Wvan- lotteantl lMymoulh Itook egga at $1 per sotting. C. 0. Covey. Warn:- Mrlngs, Oregon. ELK DRUGS? Carries a full line of f I. .1- r 1 1 tan uiui5, penumcj toilet articles FRED J. DAM MADRAS, THE DALLES n t r r 11 r HB'.VI a ri r' A'tH." WflS IHT III" H - eoulftiiloiiH. T . ttlTTIMIIlO If A V VMV ,11 i 1 1 L U WU 11111 M .... . nil. in u U I. 11 1 Tr,. 1 t.l n Si'honl for name 1 mmii unr iiiifiriiiaiicM v . . . f v'itr( Hume aiiorf'n nuiw - 1 1 t ... iJI npr WftK. rroin -;, ,,Blhi,. ii iiMiiii iiiviw"' n board. . . dill) nnn rmnfll Onw t KK lino, inuuuuu" - - - NFWI1AII Y.9TA R ! II VI II b I w--- . . 1 . - nnSIn nn fi nil intDnn 1 1 mil iimm 111 . 1 1 n 1 1 1 n 1 1 nun nn iunv r - - mmr h u W IIUIISIBW bpww New and Up-to-date Outfit SPECIAL ATTENTION TO TRAVELING TUB MOST HCRXIC KOUTH I.V 1IK8T K ATI NO - UOVUEH OX 1 1 ANY viniiin f.'ountrv and Crook county. I'ronint nttention given to oxffH tregnt a Hiei'htlty. Kor ruteH itddri'MH J. W. & Al. A. ROHINSON & CO., or Alndrns, Oregon . f . ... Air Slianlko, Orep." wanning Is greater 'tut the auif.uoe, f euongb. Unlena thero have been luto the Held b au-eper. Iu tho plulua re- Jsiiowb or emly raliu-, dlk the irroutul Z. F. MOODY iee( FORWARDING MEBCH UrBO tuiil Commoilloii Wnrulioiiio. ...kiimenti 1111 woniiiioiiioin y nruiu' - . ut 1'roinj.t nttontlon jmlil to tliono wl") lut ullh lliolr UOtrOIIBttO, ...tn SHAW1" ...... " viot J MUM Km