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About The Madras pioneer. (Madras, Crook County, Or.) 1904-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 7, 1905)
old Anderson ville prison Vameita Pen Is Now One ef the Beauty Spots of the Bouih. The name Andcrsonvllle has become historic because of the famous prison "where from 25,000 to 85,000 Federal soldiers, who had becu captured by the Confederate ariny, wero- confined from 180-1 to 1805. The story of Andersonvlllo hns be come a familiar one In every house hold, writes Netta C. Hall In WUk lamsport (Pa.) Grit. The pnrt wlilch the prisoners at Anderson vllle played in demonstrating tho superior patriot ism of tho American soldier Is un rivaled. There Is nothing In tho world's history that surpasses It "In tho midst of suffering Indescribable they refused the comfort and safety tempt ingly proffered them by tho enemy and remained true to their colors even unto the death,"' Time, the great heal er, Is rapidly obliterating tho harsh ness and bitterness connected with It. Future generations will learn from Its softened and mellowed memories tho great lessons of patriotism. At the closo of the war hi 1805 there was but one house at the railroad sta tion known as Andcrsonvllle and to day there is but little more, The at traction for the great crowds often numbering twenty to thirty thousand, that mako their annual pilgrimage to tills their mecca, Is not that little sta tion on the Central of Georgia rail way, nor the red hills of Georgia and fragrant plney woods, although they furnish a pleasing landscape, but tho national cemetery and, the prison pen or stockade of war times, the latter remaining almost the same aa when nbandonecTby the soldiery. The National .cemetery was estab lished In T8G3 by' Captain James M. Moore, who on the morning of July 20, 1805, under orders of the United States government, began the work of identifying the graves, painting and G. A. ft. posts at Macon and Atlanta, asscuiblo at Andcrsonvllle and deco rate tho graves of their sleeping he roes. The "Flower Brigade,1' made up of children and young ladles from Fltftgernld, lann attractive fenturo in the programonch Stntc'In. tho Unldn being reprsehted by a1 young lady bear ing tho name of .her State, and respond ing to tho roll-call with an appropriate motto as -her floral offering upon Uio Cenotaph in full view of tho speakers' stand and amid the silent applause of the. tiny waving flags over the sur rounding graves. A carpet of Bermuda grass covers the grounds, mocking birds chant their requiems In tho magiililccnt magnolia trees, which on Memorial day are all abloom, the large, creamy-whlto clus ters against the glossy dark-green foli age and a .variety of other forest trees lcrlfdlng shado and beauty to tho land scape the ivy-grown walls and tho heavy natural forest surrounding it all. The States of Now Jersey, Maine, and Pennsylvania havo placed stately monuments with suitable Inscriptions chiseled on each, that of Pennsylvania attracting unusual attention. The statue on the'top of tho monu ment represents the Andersonvlllo pris oner at his best which Is that of a shrunken, emaciated form, threadbare clothes, dejected air and sad counte nance. The noted prison stockado is 1,540 feet long and "750 wide, containing 27 acres. The'tfend line Is 17 feet from tho stockade and the sentry boxes 80 yards apart The Inside stockade was 18 feet high, the outer 12 feet nnd the distance between was 120 feet In 1800 the National W. It. C. ac cepted these grounds as a sacred trust, tendered them -by the Georgia depart ment G. A. R., and Lizabcth Turner of Boston was electedchalrman of. tho Board of Managers.' They purchasea ENTRANCE TO OLD STOCADE OR PRISON PEN. lettering headboards, laying out walks, nnd enclosing the grounds now known ns Andersonvllle National cemetery. One hundred and twenty thousand feet of lumber was used in making those wooden headboards. The cemetery , proper is located one-quarter of a mile north of the prison -grounds and con- i tains twenty-five acres, and the drivo I -way leading from the railway station to this cemetery is divided by main avenues running through the center and subdivided into blocks and sec tions. Walks were laid out, ground clear ed of stumps and stones, trees, shrub bery and flowers planted, drain-tiles laid, the graves and entire ground sod ded with grass nnd enclosed with a brick wall, now Ivy-grown, and a com modious residence built for tue super intendent of the cemetery. The dead were found burled In '-inches on a pbovidehce uynma JO-DAT. site selected by the .Confederates, and no prettier spot could have been cho sen, about COO yards west of north of the stockade. So closely bad tho uncofflned and emaciated remains been burled that each grave- occupied but little over 12 inches in width, consequently, tho small tablets, provided by the govern ment, measuring 10 inches in width, nearly touched each other. To-day those tablets are replaced by neat mar ble headBtoues. On these small mar ble slabs is chiseled tho name, rank, regiment, company and date of death. Of that number there were 12,401 and on 451 other and shorter slabs is only tho word "Unknown." These are scattered through the long rows of headstones and are Easily detected by their height and tell a pathetic story, their fate unknown ajnd their last rest ing place a mystery. Llko sentinels on guard, the long rows of white head stones gleam in the sunshlno with beautiful Bhrubbery and majestic trees for a background and on Memorial day starry banners float from each, the Ited, White and Blue fanned by the oft Southern breeze like fields of waving blossoms. According to offi cial record 38,710 prisoners He burled there. Ob each Memorial day several bun- iritiaeraKL uu anu mtuia y. n an additional 14 acres to include the northwest portion of tho stockade, thus making in all 82 2-10 acres, which includes not only trie stockade but all of the forts and earthworks surround ing it as well as the -roadway to the public road leading- to the railway sta tion. There is the Main fort, or "Star Fort," the Confederate forts and bat teries, powder magazines in "Star Fort," site of gallows where maraud ers were hung, site of Captain Wirtz's headquarters, the city gates of Boston which were donated for this purpose by that city and gratuitously carried to their destination at Andersonvllle by all railroads on their route, the site of the deadhouse, Stockade creek, a branch of Sweetwater, the flag staff and the wells and tunnels dug by the prisoners, and the famous Providence spring. 1 A short distance to the west of "Star Fort" still stands a large hickory tree which was used as a post of observa tion to watch the prisoners within the stockade. .Nothing has been destroyed. As those enfeebled soldiers left it bo it stands to-day. Of the'Btockade itself nothing now remains but the stumps underground from which the lines may bo easily traced. They ore mostly pitch-pine which will last for many years. The entire property is now en closed with a wire fence with conven ient gates. The dark and murky creek bed of the 00's, whose shallow waters In those days were contaminated with tho re fuse of the two camps of soldiers and the stables, has been cleared of under brush and now sparkles and dances in the sunlight, clear, pure and undeflled. On Memorial day, 1898, a beautiful flag staff 115 feet high was erected within the stockade in front of the caretaker's house. The staff came from the Old Soldiers' colony at Fitz gerald, Ga and is the gift of W, It. 0. No. 2, and members of the G. A. B. of that city. From its peak floats a flag, the gift of the Prisoners of War Asso ciation of Connecticut The W. R. C. No. 0 of Kansas, and No. 172 of Massachusetts, donated the graceful arch at the main entrance on the west boundary of the grounds and at the beginning of the 100 feet right-of-way leading to tho railway station, which bears the inscription "Anderson vllle Prison Park In memory of the unknown dead at Andersonvllle." One hundred feet north of tho north line of the old stockade, the W. It. C. has built a substantial nine-room house which is occupied, by the caretaker, and his family and is commodious enough for tho entertainment ol such guests as niayrequjre, apcominodatlons, Grand Army comrades and such old Federal soldiers who are unable to pay, are furnished comfortable lodg ings by the caretaker, temporarily and without charge. Illinois furnished the reception room and Massachusetts, Ohio J id Michigan each furnished a sleeping room, Ohio, MaMAchusetts, Rhode Island and Michigan hivvo already placed I beautiful monuments. Each monu ment has a block of ground set apart to Its State, pretty stones marking tho corners. 4 $10,000 monument win soon bo erected by tho "Wisconsin Monu ment Commission. The site selected Is north of the Rhodo Islnnd monument and tnklng In the northwest corner, also Inclosing the wells In mat corner which Mr. Williams of tho commission helped to dig while n prisoner. Tho members of this commission were pris oners nt Andersonvllle. Tho wells will bo ornamented each with four granlto posts, each draped with heavy chains. ENTIIANCK TO CEMKTERY. Iowa will erect a monument during the summer. Tho wells or deep holes dug by tho prisoners In their effort to And shelter from tho scorching sun and In hopes of finding puro water, still remain. In the erection of tho flngstaffs tho bluo outlines of tho Union uniform, n row of brass buttons and some bones wero found 20 feet underground. These holes nro now surrounded by trees that have sprung up slnco tho war and whose friendly limbs reach out llko sheltering nrms, tho thick foliage hid ing tho sad remainders ns though na ture would heal over all wounds. Tho most Interesting feature of this stockade Is Providence spring, so ap propriately named by tho heroes of Andersonvllle. When the famishing soldiers had reached a critical moment when they could no longer endure, with nothing but the contaminated water of tho creek to sustain them, during a severe electric storm this liv ing Btream burst forth, bright, pure nnd sparkling, bringing renewed life nnd hope nnd It enmo within tho dead-line, where by prison laws It was protected from being trampled and de filed. TRAIN DISPATCHER AND ANGEL. Ill health alone terminated tho forty year usefulness of Miss Rebecca Brac ken, 00, a Michigan Central train dis patcher, perhaps the only woman In the world who occupied such a trying and responsible position. And her death, which occurred recently, has removed from NUes, Mich., tho. Junc tion of four divisions, a woman who was admired for her ability and re spected ns an "angel of the railroad men." Her success was due to her eternal vigilance, and her popularity to tact and the warm-hearted Interest she displayed in the welfare of every employe with whom she came into contact It was no wonder, then, that when a few mouths ago sho was re tired on a pension, the conductors nnd ofllclals gave her a diamond ring nnd other testimonials of their regard. "It 'was during the war when I started railroad work." said Miss Bracken, in discussing it some months before her demise. "I think It must have been in 1803. A girl friend came to our house to get mo to accompany her In a walk to the depot. A soldlir train was going through NHes that day nnd the girl had a soldier friend upon that train. We were waiting In a Jam of people and Mrs. Leonard Al rnms, wife of the depot operator, asked us to take seats In the telegraph office. It was the days of 'paper op erators Well, Mrs. Abrams was help ing her husband and as I saw her sending a message my thoughts of the soldier boys fled and I was entranced with what Mrs. Abrams was doing. 'It she can do that, I can,'' I said to my self. Not many days after, having gained the consent of my parents, I asked Mrs. Abrams to have her hu band take me as a student He wrote to M. B. Woodford of Kalamazoo, su perintendent of telegraph, for his con sent and I soon" was working. I was fascinated with the work and my lik ing for it Increased rather than dimin ished during all these years. Tho busier I was,' the better I liked it" It Is said that the office had no mark agalnsther In. all tho forty years of service' for the Michigan Central, an unprecedented record. Miss Bracken bore tho reputation of having more knowledge of time cards and how trains ought to move in relation to ono another In passing NUes than any em ploye or olficlal on the road. No wreck was ever traceable to careless ness or error on the part of Miss Bracken. There would be more great poets, If there were fewor great critics. Portable Hay Derrick. On a farm that makes much nay nothing saves moro labor than a stack ing derrick. A description and lllu tratlou of ono of tho best wero pub lished In n late Ohio Farmer. "Parts to bo used: Letter. pieces. In-j T JUOstO K ; 4 4x4x12 o 5 2sx II 1 telephone, pole 25 4 2x4x14 k'!!".". I!'.!'.'!."!! a ai-uio Ii 1 crowbar a V 8 pulloya M 1 Iron ilt , V4 N l bole for Iron pin. 24 bolti 0 to 8 Inches In length. Method of construction: Tho framo Is mortised together, all tho cutting being done on the comor posts, D. The two pieces CO aro not mortised, but nro bolted lint. It Is necessary that tho pleco B shall be a very strong one, as tho entire weight of tho polo and arm, II and K, rest solely on tills. It Is well to block up under this at N when In use. Tho polo has a pin, M, which rests In hole, N, and tho two pieces GO on top of F hold tho pole in place. An Iron hoop should bo.placcd around tho base of pole at M to prevent splitting. The arm, K, is made of two 2x4s which clamp on each side of tho top of polo, II, being bolted together. In making tho derrick tho frame should bo made lenvlng ono side open without braces, EE, and cross-pieces, F. Ono piece of G should bo left oft also, but have holes, bolts, etc., all ready. Tho pole, .with Its arm, braces and pulleys Is prepared completo nnd tlifei by means of block and tackle at tadied to tho F opposite to that which Is not yet on, the polo with Its base pin In hole N Is raised up Into place against G. Then tho other piece, G, Is bolted In place, which holds tho polo. I5 GOOD FOBTAULK HAY DKItltlCK. Then close up tho side with tho braces EE and put on F. L Is tho crowbar near the bottom of the polo and Is used to swing the polo and arm lu any di rection. One team can pull this machine eas ily to any place and It need never bo taken apart when onco put together complete. When tnklng the rope out It is well to pull a strong string through the pulleys with which to pull the ropo back again next year or somo ono may have to do somo "tall" el I inn ing. Increasing Farm Vnluea. If every farm owner would look up on his farm us the merchant docs upon his stock of goods, as something to bo improved as his business grows, farm values would lncrcaso wonderfully fust If the average farm will do no more for Its owner than feed his fain ily and furnish htm money for taxes and scant clothing there la something wrong with the farm or the farmer. Of conrse, there aro seasons when this is all that may be got out of a year of farm work, but It ought not to continue from year to year; If it does there Is, as we have said, something wrong. If the farm is running down, if the stock is deteriorating Instead of Im proving, if the buildings remain un painted year after year and If the crops nro growing smaller Instead of larger, then wo are not keeping up our salublo stock and enlarging it, and our farm vniue Is growing loss Instead of great er. Too many of us nro farming now nduys bocause wo havo to, becauso we know no other business. If wo would 11 so tho same energy, the mime brains and havo tho same hopofulness and faith in our business that the merchant hns In his we would find n way of making the business grow or wo would got out of it Remedy for CattleVly Peat, There Is a certain remedy which should be used by every reader who owns cows that suffer from .files In (he summer. It Is a sure remedy that has been thoroughly tested and means comfort to the cattle and profit to the owner; Fine tar, 1 pound; lard, 8 pounds. Molt tho lnrd nnd Htlr In the plno tar. Keep an old sponge In the pall nnd smear a llttlo on tho. back of tho cow's hend, along tho spine and on tho brisket -twice 11 week. Do this nnd you enn milk your cows, If you wish, in tho opon Hold nnd they will never stir an Inch. Bummer l'en for Bwlne. A veteran rnlsor of swlno hns set about raising hla nnlmnls on the col ony plan, souiowhnt nftcr tho plan of raising poultry. Ho has no difficulty after tho first week when tho pigs learn which houso Is their own. The pigs are placed on tho rango with theso col ony houses as soon as they nro old enough to graze. Tho houses nro built low and.nrrnngcd so that the ends are opon nea'r tho top, using slats of heavy material with a wldo board at tho bot tom. Tho bnck Is solid, nnd thero Is n good roof which Is wnterproof. Tne front Is arranged so that tho bot tom board may ho removed ; It Is hook ed In plnce nt each end, nnd ovor tho cntiro front Is placed n sloping roof, 111 - Jw. J BU1IHK1I uoa-rKff. somewhat lu form llko tho roof of a veranda. This roof furnishes shade, and with tho partly open front and sides, there Is plenty of ventilation. Tho pigs gruzo nil they wish and then go Into the pen to rest or to got out ot tho hot sun. At night they occupy It very rnrely, sleeping on tho grass. With the smnller pigs cure Is taken to place tho bottom board of the rout lu place, nnd hook It nt night Any feeding that Is dono Is given lu n trough at tho side of the colony house. Tho Illustration shows tho construction of theso houses, which should be Hinall enough so thuy may be placed on a stone boat or sled and carted under cover in tho fall. Iudlannpolls News. Ualng Green Cut Hone. If ono who raises poultry desires eggs, tho feeding of cut bono Is essen tial not that tho hens will not lay without the cut bone, but that they will lay so much better, that the small expenso of tho bono nnd the mill to nit It ought not to enter Into tho cal culation. Cut bone furnishes nn al most complete egg-making clement, while several kinds or grain nro re- milrod to obtain tho same elements. Bone mills are smnll In price, tho small. er ones being easily operated by nana. Tho cost of tho fresh hones nt the iintchor's Is also smnll. and ns n pound of cut bono a day for each dozen or fifteen hens Is sufficient, one can see tho expense Is merely nominal. Feed Mixed With Coba. A sample of wheat feed with admix tures was found by tho Massachusetts Station which contained a large quan tity of ground corn cobs, when tho la bel Indicated that It contained corn nnd cob meal. Another sumplo was found to consist largely of ground wheat screenings, with relatively smnll nmount of com cohs, oat clip pings, wheat brun and middlings, A tendency to add to mixed feeds Infe rior shrunken wheat grains, resulting from tho ravages of rust, was noted, and comsmners nro cautioned to bo on their gunrd ngnlnst such deceptions. Massachusetts Ploughman. A Cheap Window. Wishing to have moro light In his chicken house, and not having a sash convenient, one poultry raiser cut a hole for the window, tacked light inus- Un to the edges of tho hoards around the hole, then took a paint brush and gavo It a coat of linseed oil and it an swered tho purposo splendidly. The muslin should he stretched tight and the edges doubled to prevent the tacks from pulling through. The muslin is cheaper and Mslcr to put In than glass, and requires neither sash nor frame as the glass does. M. whom branch ho became Two of Htmlnst romoved post ministers. ranks ho of the eminent. New Potatoes From Old. Certain English potato buyers were surprised at the abundance of new potatoes on the market extremely early in tho season, also at tho toughness of the skins, On Investigation It was found that the tricky producers had mined somo old potatoes In the soli for some time, thus freshening them up nnd Improving their complexion, so that they woro ablo to pass for now potatoes, although not of first quality Borrowing Habit, Homo people have formed the habit of borrowing until they think they can not got nloinj without It Never bor row unless compelled to, for there Is "nothing made by It. There Is a loss of time in going after the article and again In returning ltr provided It Is re turned. Some poople borrow so much they forget to return that which they have borrowed, and that Is hard on tkd leader. Itjs at times -a great accom modation, but the habit grows, aLSaWLV I t b3H Hfrcrln 1i.ii...... 1 ' Japan, J n tot 1 PorUot 1 called "ttong nJ IlUMlit gj 8n bliciJ railway 3 C(1 hi. 1 .1 BKRQIUH WITTS. the 1 of the er.nr' n.i.. "1 attained In ibqq !iP1 ....... Hummer of tlit mJ years ago ho fnii ,. .." the crand iinkn. . ilnst tho war with uL 7l I from Ofllnn tn h. 71 of president of tho confl of tho lh,.ui,, .'.."?! has nlwnvN miimi.i .1 tho nutocrncy and believe! M I dCSnotlo form nt 1W- n. nont lift U n .....l man, nnd while In power tried tS conditions of progress In the ea J and commerce. "3 Col. John TTInl n.i . vll lldtl ll.kn.l n....Al..... ... UHiio, is tno owner nnd Oshkosh North western, tho stuff nf tvtilrOt rtntin. Ik. $Wt??M Joined as a report- er in JU7. Ha nlno Is noted as n liter-1""-' nry man, formerly t& lining uio pen nnnieb or "Hanuy itromi."BW and U tho author I of tho story, "Tho I Man from Ouli konh." Col. niMtui amn lin a a IUL. Jt III 1 v ttlt. V V ! lO IT to wivcoiihm when n chiu. tnthor U'iih Iflllrxl In Mia m-m - " ihl LI II mar ho worked his wnv tl. Frill (ft lillf irtt wrttt n tinttiA Sam ho began newspaper work. tho Harrison administration In Minister to Peru. Colonel Hkfe ..... ...... . nun iiurary iwuiurft. nmi nil cd tho public library with Kreni pictures ami wnn numeroaetrt urea gathered In his tnreli Mils Ida Tit r bell' who attacks on John I). Rockefeller, Ul LUfl I of that which be .A ... Kl. IU uc uu . prlcclen sion. Mi: it.. . ror tome She li a of note. miss inA TAMiir.i-1. known tloiis. nrlnr to her Standard Oil In McClure's Magazine, being t fiiivwiia --- ... - - nonatmrte. She was born In luiti. was cnucnieu m Aiirgum; iniro nrifi inr Kfiuiii vi'jiiai nasi tor of Uio Chautauqua. - .a a e lat fva-in r inn rni n iiuiiirs tai crusado being carried on to IMIIUCiilll. U JVIIU" leans and in sonic parts of Uio State I" Dr. Hevorly War nor, rector of Trln Ity Church. Ho I a noted churchman and author. H' hns been coinniniid inir the great army of citizens of tl' Crescent City m their fight against otnrrnmrln ItlOS .milter ot fvr. and nea nst uiny ..uiapinipii Warner is gcuvrni ow,...-- tho woraing j.. i wuruo, irP.i n. Lewis of 8t uun.iu . , , , whm. nnvei scuviiiu v r lag business by maw ii nostal dcr peuu vcstlgatloBi ii ilnlliN noslts W ubscrlDll nub own wow Mf.th)fi nrifiiiiiw""- r.wwtfl. linlik. il I Ised in his proBpecttis. J has been lending u himself. omicai 0Bs.rT- y.; not. niir miai.1"'. - j. i which is ttow?"$&va flf teen-Inch lens nm. r.in esnaclty of 1.W v 4 I H BIB It nlfylng capacity ..... i ' . 1. - iknM llfftl Slu V, beasts that It Is "'"L the by Its cry d can anaww OWN 1RKUST ri! ii