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THE UMPQUA WEEKLY GAZETTE.
I-UMMSIIIU) KVKHY 8ATUKKAV,
BY IJOYD & BLAKELY.
l. t. It. BOYD. AU!K. IIUKKI.Y.
OFFICE In HiKDcnKR't Ucii-niNn, Main street'
Mxt door west of the "Saottaburg Houno."
TKKMS INVAUIA1ILY IN AIIVANUK.
Ono copy, for ono year, 8 , 1 for six month,
$3,00 ; tor threo inouthi, i'i, .
AnvKnTKeMKNTM will Ixs Inserted at llio wl
lowing nt: One square of ten line or les,
tint Inicrtlon, $2,00; each uWpicnt Insertion,
81,0 . A liberal deduction made to yearly ad
vertiser. ,
IU'mnmi Cam, of ten linen or Icm, for ono
jrar. Hi', for lx inoiitliflS for three months,
Tbe number nf Insertion must lw distinct
ly marked on tho margin, olhcrwlio limy will lw
ontloutd till forbid, and charKcdaccordlnjjIy.
MIBN'JS:
Tht following named person aro nulhorlied
to reeelrs subscription and mlrortlwincnta fur
the Onielte, and receipt for tlio sauio I
M. W. Mitviikl, Kujtena City.
J. 8. Melressr, M. D., Ourvalli.
I. N. Skitii, V Hurllnglon.
Dim son Suitu.Kivi., Albany.
I.. K. OnovKn, Kxq., Salem.
(I. W. K. Atwatkr'h, Santlara City.
(Jso. It. Qoudy. Lafayette.
V. S. Holland, Oregon City.
VT. II. Karrar, B., Portland,
Oi. AtiAJR, Aitorla. .
Cto. II, Amrromk, M. I).. Jacksonville
Hcrsu X Woou. Jackunvllle.
R. II. DKAiuioiur, Deer Creek.
Hoy. JAir.t aAiiJir. Canycmvllle.
J. P. Oamiilk, Km., Tort Urford.
O. Ilusnusoy, Dalle of tbo Columbia.
Amos K. Koor.M, B., Coow Hay.
Col. W.W.CiiArwAn.Klklon.
C. Flood, Kf., Winchester.
Jim. Kktnolw, Canyonrllle.
Jaa Abraham, K., Fori Vancouver, W T.
IJottrj.
Tlio 'cr.
y joiiv c. wturriER.
1 hear the far-eft" royager'a horn,
1 m the Vankco'a trail;
Ilia foot on every mountain pad,
On every stream lili tall.
Ilt'i whittling round St. Mary' Falls,
Upon Iila loaded train;
Ilt'i leaving on tbe l'lcturtd I lock
Ilia frteh tobacco italn.
I hear th the mattock In tbo mint,
Tbe axe-itroke In tbo dell.
Tbo clamor from the Indian lodge,
Tho Jeiu.lt' cbspel.bell!
I te the swarthy trapper coma
From MlmkflppM iprlngt,
And war chief with their juloted broS,
And crett of eagle wing.
Behind the sqaw's Urchcn canoe,
The steamer smoke and raves ;
And city Iota arc flaked for sale,
Abors old Indian grave!
Dy foresl-lako and water-fall
I ne tho pcddler'f aliow ;
The mighty mingling with tht mean,
Tho lofty with the low.
I bear the tread of pioneers
Of nation yet to be ;
The firat low waih of wave where soon
Shall roll a human tia.
Tbe rudiment of empire hero
Are plastio yet, and warm ;
Tbe eti no j of a mighty world
I rounding Into form I
Each rude and jottllng fragment toon
Ila fitting place elmll find
The raw material of a State,
Its mnacela and It mind I'
And, westering (till, the star which leadj
The new world In It train,
Hon tipped with flro the ley spirts
Of many a mountain chain.
Tho snowy cone of Oregon
Are kindled on It way ;
And California's golden sand.1
Gleam brighter In Iln ray t
QtT Tho bedt inixluro for n tick henrt is
nlno yarcli of calico, fivo of corduroy, four
Brmsful or humanity, a parson a cortilicnto
of matrimony, a pair of onnnry liinla, find
A bundle of green houio hollyhocks. I'to
plo dispoEod to doubt tho recclno ehoUld
got a box.
If tho above dooa not ofllxtn cure, young
rnan, tako a trip to Hosilia, A remedy
nover known to fail.
(Kr'Whatia tho chiof uso of brondi'
BRked an oxaminor at a recent school exhi
bition. 'Tho chiof iibo of bread nnswurud
tho urcliio, apparontly nstoniahud nt tho
simplicity of tho iiujuiry, 'tho chief nau of
bread u to spread butter and inolnsaca on
it''
Kc'epyotirflngorBavuyfrouithety)ewhcuiu
ayrlntingofllco.
Curroapomlencoof ilia Weekly (Inictto.
IMiiiiilur j:lui!utloit.
Mr. llnri--Vfir .Vr : I propoiio to write r
few nrtlclu for your paper, on tho nuljuct of
l'opulnr IMuratluii. If thin, my Ural Hurt, flinU
n plaoo Inyiiur paper, nod nliould It meet with
tho approbation of tho public, 1 will ho plciiftul
to contribute mora In continuation of tho saiiio
subject, J nm prompted to thli uudcrtnklng by
tho earnest roiuent of nornral frloncbi of Common
SchiMil IMucntlon, rcaldln In tht county and
other portloim of Ort'gon. Tho lieat npology that
1 can oftvr In mitigation of tho pnnumptloti of
nppenrlug Iwforo tho world m n iubllo writer, la
tho aluccro hopo that by i) doing In tho present
Initniico I may l4 of Mirnu btuAut to my fellow
eltlten. Anldu from this, Ibq wi-lu vxtcut of thu
diilijcct, and Infinity of collateral qticMlon villi
which It I counectrd,woiild tttlll pmvont mo frum
entering Into n detailed Invcatlg-itlou of n auliji-cl
n complicated, wcrn It tint for tln)x)iltlou ulilch
I now occupy In relation to Common School, to
gether with the MllclUtlfm of many KTS'ini,
whom It la luti'iiilcd to bvneflt. For IIk-m rrnioni
I nm lnducrl to make, nt lenat, nn effort to ;lo
vomo beneficial Infnnimtlon on n xuldect of tin
much Intercut to the people of this Territory.
Your, lit., W. II Sl'IINCnit.
1'aut Fjkht. Kia't'Arin.t. In What
iiiiim it t'OMHtrt It I not m'cnry for
mo lioro to cntvr into nny dulnils rcxK!uliiii;
tho iinpnrtnuco of tho aulijuct. Hnllico it
now to tny, that it in recoyiiied nmjf thu
urenteRt conscuuiico, by philomihors nnd
logitlnlorR In every nuo ; mid it Ji.ia U-en
nnrled ns thu Hpectnl ngent in tliu ronli
zation nod iiroinotion of civilization, by nil
nations mid .S'LntcH, liolli of nnciutit and
modern tintoa. livery ono i rendy to no
knowledo tho (jrent iulluenco which cdu
cation has exercised in hiiuinuiziii tho
world. It will bo my object In tho exam
inntiou of tho various parts nf Uiia subject,
to avoid, as much ns possible, ieculntloii,
"to collect such renulu nnd principles as
seem to hnto bcon settlod by thu cxjwricuco
ofthopatt." In tho division and invest!.
(ation of which, I shall follow tho plan of
Itichter, Niemeyer, b'chwnr., Potter, Do
lrcllviibfr(; nnd other, nnd will fre(uontly
refer to them for authority, I projMtto to
comliler in tho firat iilaco, I'ducntion in
what iIoch it cotiaiit I Secondly, tlio pru
ralllng errors in regard to tho itntnrn noil
oud of IMucation ; thirdly, what is tho edu.
cation most needed by tho American pen
plot fourthly, thu importance of education
to individuals mid to society; fifthly, tho
rotation of common schools to other means
of education; sixthly, thu present stnto of
common school in Oreuon ; soventhly.how
can common schools Im Improved ( and
lastly, tho education nf teachers.
First, then, IMucation mid in hat does
it consist thu examination of which I will
now attempt. IMucation, in its moat ex
teniivo signification, means, so far as refers
to mankind, to Imi thu jteouliar artof duvol
opitijr and cultivating thu various physicnl,
iuUircctunl and moral faculties witlt which
ho is endowed. Tim Impressions wo ru
celve, when looking for tho first timu on an
infant, nrc, that thu liltlo helpless being bu
foru us, not only possesses a material or
gntilMtlon, but tins an Intellectual oxittoncu.
In this organization nlouo, without tlio ad
dition of other facts, wo hnvo nn unerring
demonstration that it possesses intellect,
sctiiihility mid will. Theso Intellectual
(pialiticit exist, in thu early periods of life,
only as germs ; and this (luminal intellect,
considered In its relationship to extornal
nature, may bo compared to n stringed in
slrumcnt. Tlio nerves, tlio oyo, nnd tho
scuuvs genernlly, aro llio chords nnd tho
frarno work, which thu Supremo Ilcing has
woven round its iiiikucu mid uusoarchablo
essence. This intelli'-euco is nn invisiblu
existence, having tho capacity and elements
of harmony. This Animated and singular
instrument is, nt first, voiceless and silent,
and would forever mrnnlii so if it wore not
touched and operated upon by thoso nut.
ward inlluuucca which oxist in tlio vnriouH
forms and adaptations of tho material world.
Under theso influences it is first merged
into activity.
Tho poweraof tho intellect, hownver foo.
bio thoy may bo nt first, aro destined to
burst forth, nnd, liko tlio vegotnting ipinl
iticn of tho need that wo hnvo buried in tlio
soil,nro ready to bo directed nnd controlled,
almost at will. This peculiar pliability of
tho infant mind is not nlono confined to tho
human species it is thu Ramoiunllnnimal,
as well n vegetable organizations. As tlio
successful cultivation mid maturing of tho,
young plant depends, to n great extent,
upon thu labor and enro liostowed upon It
during tho spring growing sensnn, so tho
training up n child in tho way ho should go
cuu only only bo accomplished by u thor
ough moral, intellectual mul physical edu
uiiliou, commencing nt tlio earlier period.
of existence ; tiuil, us in tho vegotnblo spo.
cles, tlio tender plant, if neglected, would
wusto and become worthies, do in liko
mituuer, thu young mind, if left to its own
resources, vou,ld Income igiiurunt, vicious
nnd superstitious. It Is, undoubtedly, at
this porlod of lifu, when liiprossltniK and
habits of lasting diirnbllty.nro formed, that
uns riicii oinims on mosu winsu nusmess u
is to educate thu youth of this,' our freo
country, When fitlso 'Impulsions nruonco
firmly fastened on tho tnlnd. it it quite Im
possiblu, by any tuortnl tnorfis, o erndicato
them. All precepts, exmn es and Inllueu
ces of a mural tendency nt then oompnr.
lively powerless.
In whatever situation of ifo man may bo
placed, high or low, rich o oor, In world,
iy goods, it beuumes his dtty to endeavor
to promote thu happiness, jnd welfare- of,
not only Ihoso who nro wiiu,thn immedi.
nU sphere- of Lis so'obil rv)ifniis, but to
mankind In general, so far as may bu enn
sistout with fil means nnd Iulluenco; mid,
ns thu happiness and welfare of mankind
depend, almost entirely, upon tho general
dlfTiiiiou of knowledge, no exertion should
bo spared, no opportunity lout, in early Im.
itroiiinir niton tho riiluu uuneratiou thoso
precepts of moral rectitude, that lovo of
Ktiowieiigo mm truin whir.it win iunuiy
them, willi thu addition of scientific educa
tion, to fill any honorable station in life.
No ftuasou is too rurly to commenro tho
culitvatiou of tho virgin soil of thu geriulnn.
ting intellect, nnd if it bo nslu torefuio thu
necessaries of lifu to n helpless child, what
kind of an opinion should Im furmod of that
parent who refuses or neglects to givo to this
nolilo nature that intellectual nourishment
no necessary to its pre aunt and future hap.
plucw. Religious instruction should not,
by any means, lo neglected. A celebrated
writer has somen hero made tho re
mark, that if you bring up your children in
a way which puts them out of symathy with
thu religious feelings of thu nation in which
they live, thu chances are that thoy will ul
timUdy turn out rulliau or fanatics and
nuo a likely ns tlio other, Tlio truthfulness
of this remark is evident Proofs aro not
wanting to show that, dally, many aroyiob
ding to tlio inlluuuces of a xiruicioun nn
turo, which originated In a defective moral
training. How often do wo hear crsons,
while complaining of their errors and mis.
fortunes in life, attribute thorn to bad hnb
its niid erronoous impressions acquired dr
ring thu period of nhildhood.
llio power of education in formlnc tho
habits and chnrnctor nf mankind is unlim
ited. Mr. Locku say In his treatlso on
this subject, " that it is nn all prevailing
agent, which can turn thu minds of children
as easily this way or that ai water itsidf."
Whatovor contrail there may bo In orig
inal character, or powers of intellect, if
subjected to thu same toniicious inlluouces,
tho general result will bu tlio same, so far
as morals nro concerned. There Is moro
dillicuity in unlearning ono error, than thero
is in acquiring a thousand facts, A major,
ity of mankind aro what thoy aro, by their
oducation, good or evil, isoful or not,
"whether they liavo drank oVcp at tho Pi
erian spring, or sipped at thohuinblcst foun
tain." Tho different grndcsof intellect aro
Indebted for their existence, pot so much to
original organization, as to dio different do-gn-cs
ofcaro nnd attontloa bestowod In
tholr cultivation. To illustrate :--lf tho
proper moans bo mod, n weak nnd unheal
thy plant may bo reared to gracoful matu
rity, so likowiso, may n weak mind, by
proper care and watchfulness, bo clovatod,
not only to tho medium, but tho higher
grados of intelligence. Whoro there is ono
spark or ray of intellectual light, thorn is
hope. It is concedod that thero Is more
truo glory nod honor gained In being tho
means of extricating ono being from tho
thraldom nf mental darkness, than in being
tlio horool'a hundred battles.
The truo object nf education should bo
an eirort to assist thoso faculties which nro
naturally woak, and to curb thoso which
aro too powerful, kooping constantly in
viuw thu direction of all to their proper end.
ion iiiiiuii uuru cniiuui no laaen in inisiie.
pnrtmont. All intelloctunl exertion Is worth
less, unless it can bo mndu tho moans of
permanently benefiting cither ourselves or
others in somo laudable manner. In tho
acquiring of knowledge, or imparting it to
others, it should bu borno in mind, " that
external nature," In tho language of n eel
ubratcd roasonur, "is ns directly adapted to
tho different intellectual powers, ns light of
tho eye, and that tlio wholu economy of our
constitution is arranged on tho principle,
that wo shall study tho qualities nnd rela
tions of extornal objects, npply them to our
uso, nod also adopt our conduct to their
operation.
Hut tliis great object can never bo suc
cessfully nccnmmplishod unless parents mul
teachers Hulliciuutly qualify themselves, in
order to instruct thosotwho may bo placed
in their charge. Ah well might wo expect
an ignorant mid unskillful commander or.
publo nf guiding a ship across tho mighty
Pacific ocean in safuty, thUt ignorant par.
outs nnd teachers can successfully innturu
thu moral mid intellectual faculties of thu
growing mind. Preliminary knowledge b
ns absolutely uocessary in the ono as in tlio
other; such Hum is education.
Is It, then, asked, in what does education
consist t Thu answer is ready. It consists
in thu unfolding, directing and strengthen
lug of thu mlnil, In order to qualify it to bu,
through nil its career hereafter, a success
ful enquirer alter truth and knowledge. It
consists lu the developing of miimnt func
tions of tho human system, that tho phys.
lent Ronitltutiou may bo adapted to tho sus
taining ot thu mental owurs, mid to bar
uioni.u thu contending nnd irreglar facul
ties of thu mind by means of moral instruc
tion, by glting to conscience its Inherent
control, mid giving to purm.inent mid en
lightened pitnciplus Ihu plaoo of unreflect
ing impulses. It conriits In git lug to tho
intellectual energies tho government of their
own actions, nod teach those actions to
what end thosu energies should bo directed.
It coslsts In tho cultivation of those habits
which guaranties to man tho nbsoluta con
trol of himiolf, and which, If thoroughly
improved, is n talisman against nil tempta
tion, 'preferring loss, disgrace, yea, even
death itself lieforo hlslionor. Ami finally,
education consists in correct conceptions of
thu oxistenco mid character of tho Supremo
Ilcing, mid of iIiomj moral obligations
which nro Involved in tho fact of his exist
oncoand character.
hi conclusion of tho present part of tho
sullied. I would sav. in tho laiiL-uago of
I)u l-'cllenborg, "I call that education which I
embraces thu culture ol Um wiioiq man,
witli all his facultios subjects his senses,
his understanding, and his passions to rea
son, to conscience, nnd to to tho evangel
ical laws of tho Christian revelation."
A iiomi: roit tub Kmiiihat. A writer
In tho Maysvillo (Ivy.) Kitfir, who has
recently been on a visit to Minnesota, gives
tho following facts in relation to the price
of labor, produce, lumber, town lot, iVc. t
"Common laborers aro worth 8'JI- t
month tho year round, and boarded. Toain.
sters who nan drivo three or four voko of
oxen, 8(50 to 80 per month. Sawyers,
i!tl to 8 10 per month, nnd engineers 8S0
to CO. I.ogs aro worth 87 per M In tho
rivi-r. and lumber 811 to 8.10, including
green, seasoned, common and fine. Pota
toes soil at fifty cents: wheat $1 VM to 81-
fU; ryfl scveniT-n wim r M.-n
cents ; oat, lorty cents, .-some moa oi inu
tirnllta of fannluir may !o found when you
learn that In many oasos seventy-fivo bush,
els of oaU are raised on an acre, fifty to
soventyflvu of corn, twcnty-fivo to fifty of
wheat, :i00 to dOO of potatoes. Farming
is very backward yet, and such is tho de
mand from tho lumber men, Indians, nnd
othurs who consumo without producing,
that almost overthiriL' is vet imported. This
year, however, It Is thought Minnesota will
broad hors'elf.' Cattle raising will pay, as'
beef Is worth nlno cents on foot, and twelve
and n half butchered. Cows, 8.'I5 to 850;
butter, thlrtypseven cents ; milk, eight to
ton cents er quart, and cheese retails at
fifteen cents per pound. Thoso prices nro
not temporary, but have always been tho
same. 'Hie town plat (8t Paul) extends
two or throo milos up and down tlio river,
and ono mile, nnd from somo points, two
miles back front tlio rivor. Lots range
from 8U l-'i to 8100 tier foot, cash, nnd
'stiff. ' hand, ono mi'o two out, 850 to
8100 per aero; llireo milos, 8,25 fivo miles,
810; seven or eight miles, 82 or 8'I and
ton or eleven miles, ono dollar and n quar
ter, dcneudini' upon soil, local advantages,
Vc: 1 know of money loaned for threo
years at twciity.four or cent, por annum,
secured well by real citato; and 5 percent.
is often paid where n bargain oilers mm
cash is needed. Hcuts nro from ono hun
dred dollars for shanties, to fivo hundred
dollars for good business locations and eli
gible dwellings. A very good dwelling
house, with fivo or six rooms, cellar, vVc,
mid convenient to business, can bo bought
for 82,300 to 83,000."
A Ki:mi:pv
Drat
Teheravh
Soc-
ing you pndo yourself soniowJiat upon your
" -- . .. .
modical family roccipts, by which 1 have
benefitted myself, I will send you one which
I have thoroughly tneu lor coius, riiouma
matlsm, suininor complaint in children, and
I may say nny inafluimiilory diseases, also
dispopsln. Tlio dnso is six (not moro ) drops
puro brandy, threo timos a day or oftener.
For threatened lockjaw, sudden or violent
oold, ono drop for n child ono year old.
(irrimmtoicii Telegraph.
Owing to the cllmato of this couiitrj.it is
recommended 'that adult persons increase
tlio doso to six glasses (nut moro) during
tho day.
OCT 'Jane, what letter lu tho nlplinbetdo
you like host V
'Well, I don't liko to say Mr. Wright.'
'Poll? noiiBotiflo ; tell right out, Jiiuu;
which do you liku best V
'Well, (blushing mid dropping hor eye:,)
I liko U bulk'
How to Juikii: a iloitsi:. A Corespon
dent of tho Pralrlo Farmer, contrary to old
maxims, undertakes to judgo tho character
of rvhorso by outward appearances, nnd off
ers thu following suggestions as tlio result
of his close observance and long experience
II tlio color n light sorrel or chestnut, ,
his foot, legs nnd faco whilo, theso are marks
of kindness.
If ho is broad and full between thu eyes,
lis may bo depended upon ns horse of good
sense, capable of being trained almost to
anything.
As respects such horses, tho moro kindly
you tront thrm tho hotter you will bo trea
ted iu return. Nor wlll.n horso of this de
scription stand lliu whip If well fod.
If you want n safe horso avoid ono that
Is dishfneed; ho may bu bo far gentle as not
to score, but bo will have too much go
ahead in him to bo safo for everybody.
If you want n fool, but n horso of great
bottom, get n deon bay with not a whitn
hair about him; if bis faco is n littlo dwhed
so much tlio worse. Lot no man rldo such
a horso who is not an ndopt in riding thoy
aro always tricky and unsafe.
If you want ono who will never givo out
never buy a largo overgrown. A black
horso will never stand beat, nor a white
one cold.
If you want n gentlo liorMffjct ono with
rnoro or less while about him, tho more tho
IxHtor. Many supposo that the parti-col-ored
horses belonging to tho circuses,shows,
Vc., aro selected for their oddity. Hut tho
selections thus mndu aro on account of
their great docility and gentleness.
"A I.trru: Dam IIbook." A clergy,
man seeing a littlo boy playing iu a small
stream by tlio road aido, inquired for his
father.
"He's over tho littlo dam brook," said
tho lad.
"What!" said tho reverend gontlernan,
shocked nt tho boy's profanity. "Can't
you sneak without swearing I"
" Well, ho u over tho littlo dam brook
anyhow," irresisted thu boy, ns he went
spattering through tlio mud and water after
a butterfly. "Holms been over tho little
dsm brook all day, and if you don't belie vo
it, you can go up to that kouso and ask
malbiir "
Tho clergyman sought an Interview with
tho mother immediately, and complained of
tho profanity of her child. After telling
hor, howovcr, of what tlio lad said, sho
laughingly told him, that littlo daui brook
was a titlo by which tlio stream was called
to distinguish It from bit; dam brook. situ
ated a few miles to tbo eastward.
He now felt that ho had wronced lira
boy, mid ho thoreforo owed him an apolo
gy. Hurrying back to tho spot, ho ex
claimed :
" Hoy, I wronged you In occusine you of
swearing ; but you should havo told ma that
littlo dam brook was only tho namo of a
stream, mid then I would not nsvo scolded
you."
" Woll, 'taln't no dilleroncc " said tho
happy youngster, as ho held aloft a strug
gling frog that ho had speared with his
motiicrs clonics stick. " lucre is a big
dam on big dam brook, and a littlo dam on
littlo dam brook, and wo would hsvo a littlo
dam on this brook, only I 'sped it is so
small it nint worth a ilam?-Dolgt?s Mu
seum. Potatokb is Hastk. A vory nico littlu
dish may bomado of cold boiled -potatoes
in n very few minutes. Having pca!cdr
cut tlicm in slices, linlf an Inch thick, jnit
them in a stew-pan, pour boiling water
over them ; cover tho stow-pan, and sot it
over tlio flro for ton minutes J thon drain off
all tho water, add a small bit of butter,
shako pepper over, nnd servo hot. Or, hav
ing out thu potatoos in slices, put them in a
stowpau, cover them with milk; cover the
stow-pan and set it over tho flro for fivo
minutes. Work n largo toaspoonful of but
ter with a small ono of flour, and put it to
tho potatoes; shako a littlo poppor ovor,
and add a littlu parsloy, cut fine, if likod.
Cover tho stow-pan for ton mlnutos, thou
turn tho potatoes into a deep dish. Pota
toos may bo pared and cut into slices and
boiled In water, with n littlo salt, for twonty
minutes, thou sorved with butter ond pop
por ovor; or work a toaspoonful of flour
with a small bit of button and put it to tlio
potatoes a few minutes before thoy are
dono ; thon shako a littlo poppor ovor aud
sorvo.
Tm: Doo (iuKsrto.v-At tiio lalo term
of tlio Supremo Court nt Woodstock, Yt.,
a question of souiu importance to thoso
who keep dangerous dogs was docidod.
'llio doscUiou was, that any fiorco mid dan
gerous dog, running nt largo, might bu
killed by miy one, mul that thu ownor could
not recMver dnuugos, but on thu contrary,
was liable for any damages which any pur
sou should rucelvo from such dog.