TIE WEEKLY OREGON STATESMAN
fficlal Paier f the United States.
SATURDAY, : DECEMBER 11, 1875.
Warden Dunliaui. from vvliom Tweed
escaped, is suspended from ollice. The
grand jury are investigating the affair.
Suits against Tweed hare meantime been
postponed.
THE ship Baron Aberdene" went to
Astoria on Monday, and in leaving Port
land broke the telegriph w ires which span
the river. Her masts are high and seem
to have little respect for small wires.
The estimates of expenses of Govern
ment for the next fiscal year are put at
three hundred and fourteen millions oi
dollars. The actual expenses will proba
bly fall a little short of the last year.
Jacob Umeriih.i. & Co., of San Fran-
Cisco, have suspended. The business
world moves on as if they never existed.
The wealth they possessed is somewhere
doing actual service, and humanity knows
nd cares little about who owns it now.
SPF.AKE1I KUXTI ll
After a desperate scramble Mr. Kerr, of
Indiana, has been elected Speaker of the
House of Represensatives in Congress. ' It
- was a worthless position, but shows how
the hungry cormorants will fight over a
very small crumb.
SEWSP.IPIR WWSUE.
The rortland Daily B has passe-J Into
Mr. Stearns is the editor and facetiously
says, if any one feels aggrieved about any
items in that paper, he need not come
with a pistol, as an apology will be made
in the next issue.
KEriKUI tX VIITORV.
The election in Albany Monday resulted
in a pietty clean Republican victory. The
following dispatch was received by Capt
Scott on Tuesday w hich gives a clear idea
of the result: 'Republican Mayor, four
Cooncilmen, Marshal and Treasurer.
Democrats elect Recorder and two Coun
cilmen." fEBl Sl'GUESTlVF..
At a meeting ot the Board of Trustees
- of the Willamette University on 3ionday
"e veiling last a petitiou, signed bv 114 stu
dents was presented asking that Professor
Crawford be induced t take his place
again in the school. The matter was re
ferred to a special committee and report
will be made at the nest meeting of the
Board. The students are naturally at
tached to Mr. Crawford.
AXOTHEK IT1T IXEtTIOS.
A full Republican ticket was elected on
Monday last at the town election in H.ir
risburg. The following are the officers elected fr
the ensuing year:
Mayor, I. Macy; Recorder, Z. V. Scott:
Marshal, I.. Howard; Treastntr, G. W.
Brandenburg. Councilmcn Hiram Smith,
S. May, A. Somerville. L. Stiles, J. F.
McCartney, John Curtis.
tit luonn bi'riei.
Guibord is buried, at last. Most peo
ple can die, be buried and forgotten in a
short space ot time, but that man Guibord
has given the religious world much seri
ous trouble. He has beaten Banqno's
ghost by half. But he is now down in
cement and all will breathe easier. It
the grounds in which his remains rest
have not been consecrated"' by some
weak human hand and voices, it will be
pretty safe to trust the "Father of All."
He will take care of the friendless.
5EW STEAJIEBSi.
The increasing trade in Oregon for a
business to be carried on by means of
ocean steamers demands that new and
substantial vessels be put upon the line
between Oregon and San Francisco. The
public ia fast losing confidence in the old
vessels which have run along with the lost
Pacific for nearly a quarter of a century,
and it is time that corporation moved in
such a manner as to secure to both passen
gers and freight certainty,eelerity and safe
ty ot transportation. Does any responsible
company own and control the 1 -usiness?
EM APED mSS.
Boss Tweed has escaped, as lias been
noticed in our dispatches. This great
Democratic hero will probably turn up in
a short time outside of our extradition
treaty lines and become a great man be
cause of his wealth, which was stolen from
the tax payers of Xew York City and
county. Democrats all over the cou'.itry
glorify this man, but would follow the
poor devil who steals half a loaf, until he
spent his life in some prison. The manner
in which Tweed escaped, shows that the
Democrats of Sew York need his brains
and rascality in new schemes.
UOIXa MWl TO THE SEA IS SHIPS.
Col. Cann writes to Mr. Gilfry that he
is still buffeting inside the difficulties of
the Columbia river bar. He has been out
a week and has not yet enjoyed a moment
of "a lite on the ocean ware." He has
been decently '-rocked" but made little
headway toward hts destination. The ex
act condition of the ship he knows little
about but still hopes that he will some day
reach San Francisco. We hope to see his
smiling face at home again shortly, but
feel that he is safe, even though his "mor
tal frame' should become food for fishes.
Blessed hope.
THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE.
Democratic governments all over the
world are based uon "the sovereign will
of the people-" The office-holder is not
the .titer but the nrvi.nd of the people.
Demagogues and politicians have been for
some time past endeavoring to prejudice
public sentiment against a "third term" of
the Presidency not because Gen. Grant
has not made a good President, 4ut on ac
count of little things not moving as they
desired. Democrats have found fault
with Gen. Grant and objected to a third
term, because it was morally certain that
they would stand little show of plunder
ing the public crib .vhile that great Gen
eral was on guard. It is not at all probable
that Gen. Grant will ever desire the place
again; but, should the Republican masses
require ins services and so request in reg
ular convention, he cannot very well de
" cline. If he hud ceased his labors as a
General nt any time during the late war
on the ground of "rotation in office, " we
would probably have no government now
to protect or transmit. So it ; he con
sidered at the next Republic in National
Convention and if the pnop'.e of the coun
try desire moi c ot his services he cannot
w i refuse them, nor can any individual
r tasonably find fault. The frightful ghost
called by Democrats "third term," fails to
Irighten any real lover of ins country.
Republicans desire firm and honest ad
ministration of the government, and,
very few would fear to continue it in the
bands of one who has proved himself so
well qualified as President Grant.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
To Ihe Senate and House of Rcprcsatta
lives;
t DnhmitMno ?vtY fiavnntli annual mes
sage to Congress, in this centennial year
of our national existenco as a tree ana in
dependent people, it affords nu great plea
sure to recur to the advancement that has
been uiado from the time of the Colonies,
one hundred years ago.
A centukt's growth.
We were then a people numbering only
three millions; now we number over
forty millions. Then oiir Industries were
eoniined almost exclusively to the tillage
of the soil; now manufactories abnorb
much of the labor ot the country, vmr
liberties remain unimpaired. The bonds
men nave been treea tram slavery. v e
liavn become oossessed of tho respect, if
not the friendship, of all civilized nations
Our progress has been great in all the
arls. in science, in airricuiiure, iu nra-
nierce. in mivieation, m minins;, in me-
ctianies, ill law, ui mecuciuo, eve, mu hi
general education the progress has been j
llKewlse OnCOIirapiUB- v'r luirietui .-"lines
have become thirtv-eietit, incmditifr coio
rado, which has taken the initial steps to
become a State, and nine territories, in
cluding the Indian Territory and Alaska,
and excluding l-oiorano, msuing a tern
tory extending from the Atlantic to the
Facitlo. On the sown we nave exienuea
to the Gulf of Mexico,, an j nn the west
from the Mississippi to the Pacific. One
hundred years as?o the cotton pin, the
steamship, the railroad, the telegraph, the
reaping, sewing, and modern printing
machines, anl numerous other in von
lions of scarcely less value to our busi
ness and happiness, were entirely un
known.
INCREASE OF M ASUFACTCRKS.
In 177(i manufactures scarcely existed,
even in name, in all this vast territory.
In 1ST0 more than 2,000,000 of persons
were employed in manufactories, produc
ing more than s.ioo.eoo.wu or prouucis
in amount annually nearly equal to our
nstior.ai debt. From nearly the whole oi
the population of 177i being engaged in
the one oecnoation of agncultnro, m 1S.0,
so numerous and diversified had become
the occupations of our people that less
than 16,000,000 out of more than 40,000,000
were so engaeed. The extraordinary el
fects produced in our country by a resort
to such occupations, lias omit a marKe
for the products of our fertile lands, dis
tant from the seaboard and the markets
of the world. The American system of
working various and exteusive manufac
tories next to the plow and the pasture
and adding connecting railroads and
steamboats, has produced in our distant
eountrv results not eQuatca uy tne lntei
liarent parts of other nations The inge
nuity and skill of American mechanics
nave oeen aemonsiratea at noma ami
abroad, in a manner most flittering to
their pride. W ltbout the extraordinary
genius and ability of onr mechanics, the
aemevemenw ot our agriculturists, man
ufacturers, and transporters, throughout
the country, would have been impossible
of attainment.
GROWTH OF OVR MIXISO INTERESTS.
The rrotrress of the miner has also been
great. Of coal, our production was once
small: now many millions of tons are
mined annually. So with iron, while i
formed scarcely an appreciable part
our produces haif a century ago, vie now
produce more than the world consumed at
toe beginning oi our national existence
Lead, zinc, and copper, from beir gatti
cles of import, we mav expect to be es
large exporters of in the near future. Tho
development of gold and silver mine-,
throughout the States and Territories ha-,
not on! v been remarkable, but has had a
large influence upon the business of alt
commercial nations. Our merchants, in
the last hundred years, have bad sui-eesi
and nave estoniisneo a reputation lor en
terprise, sagacity, progress, and integrit'
unsurpassed by the people of older ua
tionalities. 'l ma good name is not c;n
fined to their homes, but goes out upon
every sea, and into every port where
commerce enters. With equal pride, we
can point to our progrsss in all of the
learned professkm.
A GENERAL RETROSPECT.
As we are now about to enter upon onr
second eenietnial, ennnnenoin;! our man
hood as a nation, it is we-I to look hark
upon the past, and study what will r
best to preserve, and advance our future
greatness. Frou; the fall of Adam for
his transirresionj, to the present day, no
nation has ever been free from threateneJ
danyerto iia prosperity and bsppitit-s!
We should look to the dangers threaten
ing us end remedy them, so far as lies in
onr power. We are a republic whertii
one a.sn is as good as another before the
law. Under such a form cf government,
it is of the utmost importance that ail
should be possesssd of education and in
telligence enough to cast a vote with a
right understanding of its meaning. A
large association of ignorant men cannot,
f ir any considerable period, oppose a su
cessful resistance to acquiescence to the
will of intelligence, whether directed b
the demagogue or by priestcraft. Hence
the education of the masses becomes of
the first necessity tor the preservation '
our institutions." They are worth prefer
;ng,becanse they have securtd the greatest
good to the greatest proportion of tbopop
nlation of any form cf government de
vised. All other form3 of government
approach ' just in proportion to the gen
eral diffusion of education and intlppend
ence of thought and action. As tbe pri
mary step.tberefore, to our cdvaucement
in ail that has marked our progress in the
past century, I suggest for 3-oiir earr-est
consideration and most earnestly recotn
mend it, that a constitutional amendment
be submitted to the legislatures of the
several Scales for ratification, nicking it
the duty of each of the several States to
establish and forever maintain free publii
schools, adequate to the educai ion of ajl
the children in the rndimeniary branches
within their respective limits, irrespec ive
of sex, color, birthplace or religion, for
bidding the teaching iu said schools of re
ligions, atheistic or pagau textc, and pro
hibiting the granting of any school funds
or school ttxes, or any part thereof,
either by the legislative, municipal or any
other power for the benefit of any other
obj'ce of any other nature or kind what
ever, in connection with Ihis important
question.
TAXATION OF RELIGIOUS CORPORATIONS
I would also call your attention to the
importance of correcting an evil that it
permitted to continue, will probably lea l
to great trouble in our land before the
close of the 19 h century. It is the accu
mulation of vast amounts of untaxed
church property In 1850, I believe, tl e
church property of the United S-ates on
which no tax was paid, municipal or State,
amounted to about $83,000,000. In 1860,
the amount had doubled. In 1875 it is
about $1,000,000,000. By IftOO, without
check, it is safe to say, this property will
reach a sum exceeding $3,000,000,000. So
vast a sum receiving all the protection
and benefits of the government without
bearing its proportion of the burdens and
expenses ot the same will not be looked
upon acquiescently by thoso who have
paid taxes, In a growing country where
real estate enhances so rapidly as in the
United States, there is scarcely a limit to
the wealth that may ba acquired by cor
porations, religious or otherwise, if allow
ed to retain real estate without taxation,
The contemplation of so vast a property
as is here alluded to, without taxation,
may lead to sequestration without consti
tutional authority and through blood.
1 would suggest taxation of all property
equally, whether church or corporaiion,
exempting only the last resting place of
the dead, and possibiy, with proper re
strictions, church edifices.
RELATIONS WITH FOEEIGM TOWERS.
Our relations with mot of the foreign
powers continue on a satisfactory and
friendly footing. Increased intercourse,
the extension of commerce, and cultiva
tion of mutual interests have steadily im
psoved our relations with the large ma
jority of the powers of the world, render
ing practicable the peaceful solution ol
questions which from fimo to time neces
sarily arise, leaving few which demand
extended or particular notice. The cor
respondence of the Department of State
with our diplomatic representatives
abroad is transmitted herewith.
WITH PORTUGAL.
I inn happy to announce the piisac; of an n.-t
by tlo gonVni! t'ortcs fit' I'ortu-.-ll pvfh-.lairm'O
sinoe the adionrrnnen!. of (Jonjrres.s Un- I li- aboH-fion-of
HervituiU; in the VorUieUK! colonies. It
is lo be Uopefl that sn.-.h legislation niay lie another
step tnwanl the great consummation to i,e reached
when no man sliall lie iievinitteil directly or indi
rectly under any K'tiHe, excuse or form of law, to
hold his lellowman in bondiig-e. I am of the
opinion also lhai it is the ditty of the tutted
States as eontnltutinc: toward 11.0 end as required
by the spirit of the ittie in which we live, t pro
vide by suitable legislation that no citizen of the
U nited States shall hold slaves as roerly iu any
olher country or be interested therein.
WITH CHILI.
Chili has made reiiaration in the case of the
wh.lte shiploMxi Jtetiu-n, seized without sufficient
cause, upwards of forty years ajio, Uioitfrli she had
hitiiLtrto denied lier aocountibility. The denial
was never acquiesced in by this government, and
the justice of t he claim has been so earnestly em
ended tor that it. has been gratifying lhai she
.'h ju Id have acknowledged it
COLUMBIAN STATES.
The arbitration in the case of the U. S. steamer
Cientigo, for the seizure and retention of which
the government, of the United Slates of Colombia
were held accountable, has been decided in favor
of the claim. This decision has settled a question
which has been pending lor several years,. and
which, while it continued open, might more or
ken disturb the good wider stand ini; wliicli it je
rti.utmliln should bo maintained between the re
publics.
THE SANIlWICIl ISLANDS.
A reciprocity treaty v illi the King of the Ha
waiian Islands was concluded some months since,
but as It conlained a stipulation Dial It shall Ik- of
noett'ivt until I'nneress shall enact the proper
legislation for the purpose, copies of tho tnstru-
...U i,.........:.,, u,,!,.,..:-,!...! i ..i-.tf.i-Oi.it If .n.-h
MCIll.it ill-iwillilt ". "i I..-. ...
sho-.dd t the pleasure of Congess, ibe mvessai y
legislation upon the sublect. mav be adopted.
ftl'ESTtOSi WITH SPAIN".
In March last an arrancoment wa s made t hro tgh
Mr. Cushliii!-. onr Mints t-r in Maori. i. with the
Siwintsh tiovernmonl for the jwlvmcnt hv the latter
to the United states 01 the sum' ot'-S0U.0n in coin
Mr the. purpose ol the relief oi tho lamines 01
persons of tlie ship's crew and certain passenger
of the Virfflnim; that the same was lo have been
paid In three installments at two months each. It
Is due to the Spanish tiovernment that I should
state that the pavnients were promptly and speed-
itv anticipated uy mat tiovernnient, ami inai im:
whole amount was paid within but n few days
more than two months from the date of the agree
ment, a copy of which is herewith transmitted,
and in pursuance of the terms of the adjustment I
have tureeteu insinuation ot tne amount anions
the names entitled thereto. Including the ship's
rew ami sucn passengers as went in eiican citi
zens, l'aynients are mane acconungty on tne ap
plication ol the pantos.
THK CI' PAN Qt-KSI'IOS.
As evidence of anil approaching some of the
ruinous conflicts which have been rasing for seven
years In the neu2:htovtne tsianit ot Cuba, the s-ame
iHsi-eiai-d of the laws of civilized warfare, of the
lust demands of limnanttv, which hive licretolore
caue-l loilll expi CS--IOUS i'i imi'ii-iinmiii'ii iiiuu
ttie nations of Christendom have continued to
blacken the sad scene, liesoiatton. rum andliiil
lage are prevailing In rich Melds, once the most
feriile ami productive regions of the earth, and
the uicemiiartev torcn, ourning plantations, val
uable lactones anil uniinings, is ineaaeni marking
the alternate advance and retreat 01 inn eonten-t-liiir
rarttes. The nrotnu-ted eontimtuiice of the
strife seriously affects the interests of all commer
cial nations, hut those ot the t nited states more
than others. lw reason ot Its close proximity, ns
larger trade and Intercourse w ith Cuba, and the
friendlv and intimate personal and sivial rela
tions which have grown up between its eltlzens
and these ot the island. Moreover, the property
of ourcltizeiis in Cuba is large, and mademseeure
and depressed in value and iu catu-uv of pnshtc-
uoii br the continuance of sirile and the unnat
ural niode of iiscondnct. The .June is true differ
ing only in degree wiili re.-pe-t to the interests
and people ol other nations and the absence of
anv respectable assurance ot a near termination
of the conflict, must of necessity i-omtiel the
States thus suffering, to consider what Interest of
their own lieoi le and their dntv tew ai d them
selves may demand. 1 fcave had hopes she would
be enabled to establish H-ace in her colony, lo af
ford security to the property and interests of onr
citizens and allow legttinva'ie scoie to the trade
and commerce and natural prouitc'.ions of the
lslanl. Because of this hope and from an ex
treme reluctance to interfere in the all airs of
another and friendly nation, especially ot one
whose svmithv and friendship In the struggling
infancy of our own existence, must ever remrm
her with gratitude, 1 have patiently and anxiously
awaited the rrocrvss of events. Our own civil
conflict is too recent for us not to consider the
difficulties vvhi.-h surround a irovernnK-nt d
traded bv a dvnaslic reliellion at h me at the
same time that it has to cope n ith a separate in
surrection in a distant colon v; but whareter
causes may have prod tced the situation which s
gvievouslyaitectsonrinterests.it exists with all
us attendant ev ils, operating directly upon this
country and its people. Thus far ail the re
sources ot Sioiti have proved abortive and time
has market! no improvement in tne situation
Tho armed liandson either side occupy nean -the
same xrounil as in the icisi. with tne tinier
encc ol irom time to time, oi more liws ,-jicn
Heed, more pronoi-tv de.-troven and idi-r extent
ol tettile and productive Holds and nr-re proix-nv
constantly anil tvanloulv sacrniced i the in.-en-diarv
s torch, in comei-i ot ilus nature, wl t-rc a
.-(.ns-,, terabit- bo.iv i.t is;i;o w no lia c aneins'-ed
to ti-iM' themst-; t-s ot ihe coutr'
ernment. have rt-a.-tte-l sit.- ti .-
-f sels-rior go
a ll.llit Kl occtt!
lion id termorv. m p.owcr. a
tzation tocoTi ;tiiiiie. m !:i.-:. ;
Ini; a government m snti-tai:i-iHisses-,1
ol the e'.emen's oi
t ! n 2
i 1. Si
1 t
iitii narie.
I e.iutoie 1
i i 1
i. e. fi i
r 1 1
tiv ai
with the ma.-h-.nerv tor tl-.v :e'
an internal im!icv and the ex
law s and jireuireil and ah c to :
ti.-e at hoiiie as well a-- in the
other imivtrs. i: is within Ihe pr
other viewers to rectue rs exp
and lndetHMidem na:on. In so -n
tions snn'.lv dent with an acttr. itv
I n ot tin sr an In i i i
ol earth that Imdv poti.ic which.
mv. s-arv elements. ba l-i l:i.-i c
it. In a wor.l. the cre:e.i--!i oi a
:tct. loeiabii-n in-,o:rl.Li-in i
t ll I i m 2 1 l ' l 1
pte occupviinr a k--uoiii Hrri:';;-
some known and dciine I i inn ol ;
wince ol tho
.1.
'.if n iifw '
nut
21 w
know Itsbeil tiv tho-- sui.i.vt to u. ihi' -c
the iuricr.ons oi coxen-iii'-nt are .eunim
the u.-oal inerho is. ccn; t toot o itr-i- o
to citizens and siraniF-rs. to nn-'l-ii n :i
public and Mr on ate w: oi- -. I :to:e t
ll nn i 'nm I tin i 1 n 1
I '( ot l l lio- I t 1 I I l - "
duties resulttusr irom tts a-.-q:ti'. : ol t!
of vere:gnty. A pouer stio::: 1 exi-t
in its orsni-iza ton. ready to ttiKe :u!d .it- t
tain its piace among t he na1 ions i t -.heeait
cons.i:is that the ni-mnx-timi m l nt I:
a sti-er.aih and enduraiv-tt w hvh rtiakcn
dotiotiul whetlier it :d i-e in tee piwer
to Mtlatuo it- It s-enis a pw-fiiianie sub
ts sh"wn
i ' it
! -i ,n
iect tint
1 m:tv Wl
St. c.ll-e-lttt
A re -fd
lie m-
1 ' i
i rin-
o n r-.-a ;
inch civil or
razed as an i:
rtrnrii2 v-
one ot t
er such eirv
I
stent ch It:
I vp Mi
t to
11 Ol 1
1
hie!
. In
ilies sir
i
w i
1 Hl-
t H
1 1
! t 1 1 ro 1 L
me an-l the-.r naylier
r.t n the clearest evi-ie
tiiarttv of susotcion ot
tion ol the iiuleetvie
ojnrion. hiioi-a. t -canli-
ill 1 it i i
at t -n. 1 tie rtvoi;
t ul-a 1-tt tr. in mv
1 1 ' 1 ! t t I
I is that nt the re.-"z-n
tile p-arties-to l-e
-e to tnin-ss I h.i,?
ii n Ini 1
tint i ri t 1
ident. old nol ri-e t-i
t.-Hiii-' tin :l Univ. at.
au.e to si-e that at-.r
d or reai a tvaii--e on
e--etitta!iv change i
1
tii-n which nexi pie-!ii-i -.t-e.l
nition ot Niuimretu nrn n
contest. In tttv i-iruicr ne'-siu
oi " Id i r h ' til
the conclusion that the court!
and oe-i a-a ins as an its in :
the trrl-d otuijitv ol war. It
ter this lapse oi tune, lam tut:
n it d ( i - it n n i
tlie tsart ol tiie insnrtrenis htif
its ciiara.-rer. A s the -enl--t nasflc
or nt'ire lornitd.ii-le i-.r-itMirnnu-. ixis-
ol tort inn iH-iwcrs. nod ttven the iicts
-p;
i h
sell, ot tins vi
nature
a ns-i.L'
t l, it-
I wl
ul law.
Is 1 It si t
de
1
-n h
but now. a- m its
- -I i - ml IU
:lit lead it into the
t ht-torv. t
t fit 1 1 t
mazes ot lioub
clot utl'-.-itoeali e j-.ro-tnd
s evnh to ihe nre
ArA not .n!v tliat
nil ii c--"v! retx-rt. the
iiriery. and adhere risi'tlv
which has lieen its irm I
which is nitbt an-1 honest
otiestion ot accoroHii
ot helhgerencv m.i
r ot vuhti' 'iou.e the rtehis
lie illiilti-.l ill ever w;iv ill
r a'.temiir.K Ia.-ts. t nless
view ot tl-.e particular atienoing
jtisfitied by nece-s-i;v. it i.-a:wa s
girded us an untriciidl v a.-t ai d a t:
onstr.'ttion of moral euitjuf to th
is necessary, end ll is retiuln-l. wh-
1
n t n
.le
reti
n n
i
tnleresi
it- )iei
and lights ot anotnev troveni meuf. or oi
Jite. are so lav anee'ed bv a j-t-noini;- civil conn ct.
as to reiiiire a detinition oi its i-eue.ious to (he
thirties I'-evi-to. Hut this i-onni.-i must be one
which will be-vecoe-uled in the sense ot interna
tioual law as lieliBreveiicv. not so astoatiect l)e
nieve existeiv-e d contend ri2 ai iii;-ii booies. an-l
ibeir tx-.-a-fonal conutct-. dues not consul ute w ar
in tbe sense reterreii to. AjipHio to the exs-nii:
coniiition ot affairs in uba. lue teTs reitottnue-l
bv publicists and writers on interna! tonal law.attd
winch has been ohsiM-ved lv nati-insot iionestt ant
rniw-er. when tree from sensitive or seitih or un
worthy motive. I tail to nnd m tt-.e iiisuri-nction
the existence ot such a sub-iaottai oiaaio?a:i--.n.
real, pa'iab:e and inaiuiest to me wortd. havnm
the lonns. and c.-nwbte ot the ordinary tiuictlons
ot eovernment towards Its own wop'eand other
States, with coun for tne adiiunisiraiion ol cis-ti.-e.
and a h-ai baoiiaMun. isse-sir.B such
an organization ot force. such materia!
anil sucn an occupation ot territory as to fake
the contest ol me cateirorv ot a mere rebellious
insurrection, or occasional skirmish, and p'tice it
on the terrible, toounc ol war. to w incn a recom
mends: ton of iiolhirerene.v wottid aim to lev ate it.
It the movements is on land, tne in-urriA-tion ha
not possessed a single ioia w nenee it ntav send
forth its flag, nor has it any means of communi
cation with loreign governments except thronsli
the military lines of its adversaries. No appre
hension of any of these sudden and diilicult com
plications which ari.se on the ocean is apt to pre
cipitate on the ye-.?els. lioth couimeixttal and
nationai; and on the consular officers of other
powers, calls for the definition of the relations to
the parties of the contest. Considered as a qtte
tion of exiiediency, I regard the acoonlance of
belligerent rights still to be unwise and prema
ture, as I regard tt to tie at present iEdefensibie as
a mtasureof rijdit Ssii..-li a recivnition entails on
thecountrv, according to ihe riyhi which tiow
from it. difficult and complicated Iulie, and re
quires the action from tiie contemu ig parties of
ttie strict observance ot their rights and oliliira
tious. itconfei-s the rishf ot search nism llie
liiph seas by vessels ol both jarties. It would
subject the carrying of arms and munitions of
war which may lie now transported freely
and without interruption in vessels of the United
States, to detention and possible seizure. It
would 0ve rise to countless vexatious questions;
it would release the parent government from its
responsibility for acts of tlie Insurgents, and
would invest Sjiain with the ri-ht to exercise the
suiKtrvtsion recognized by ttie tieaiv of 17S5. over
our commerce on the hih seas, a very lanre part
of which, in its traffic lietween Ihe Atlantic and
(iiijf Stales, and between all of them and Stales on
the Pacific passes throiifih the waters which wash
Ihe shores of Cuba. The exercise of Hits supervison
could scarcely fail lo lead, if not to abuses, surely
to collisions jK-i-ilous to the jieaceful relat ions of
the (wo .states. There can be little doubt as to the
results such stitiervision would before long draw
this nation into. It would lie unworthy ihe l.'ni
ted States to inaugurate the possihiiiiies of such
result by measures of questionable riht or expe
diency, or by any ioitirectiou apart from ary
qiiestion of theoretiiai litrht. lam salistied that
while the accordance of bellisri'ient rights to Ihe
insurgents In (.'uba mialit give fhem ltoie and In
ducement to protract the sirusijle, it would lie a
delusive hiy, anil would not remove the evils
which this Government and its people are experi
encing, but would draw the United Stales into
complications, which it has wailed long and al
ready suffered much to avoid. The recognition of
the independence of or belligerency lieieg thus in
my iudtrnient equally inadniissable, it rem.-rtr.s to
consider what course shall bo adopted. Should
the conflict not, soon be brought to a close by acts
of the parties themselves, and should the evils
which result therefrom, aliiiciiiig ail nations, and
i-artlclilarly the United Slates, continue to such
event, I am of opinion that other nations will be
compelled to assume the responsibility which de
volvesujKin them, and to seriously consider the
only remaining measures possible," mediation and
intervention. Owing, perhaps, to the large ex
jKtnse of water seiaratiiig Ihe island from the pen
insula, the want of harmony, of personal sympa
thy between the inhabitants oi Ihe colony aud
those senl thither lorule them and want of adapt
ation ot the ancient colonial system ol hJnrotie to
the present times and to the ideas which the
events of the )ust century have developed, the
contending iai-ties appoar'to have wit bin them
selves no deirtisitory of common conli lence. To
suggest, wisdom vi hen passion and excitemei t
havethelr sway, and to assume the jiarl, ofjieaee
maker, iu ibis' view, in the early dtus of t.ie cor.
lest, the ood offices of tbe United Slates as a
mediator, were -tendered in good f tit h, without
auv selfish purpose, in the Interest of humanity,
in 'sincere friendship for liolh lKirtics, hill were
refused by 1 he Spanish government. Mediation
or intervention seem to lie ihe only al'eniattve
which must sooner or later !e evoked for the ter
mination of the sirile.. At the same time, while
thus impressed, I do not at this time recommend
the adoption of anv measure of iutervemimi. I
shall be readv at a.'l times as Ihe equal friend of
b's'i parties, to respond to a suggestion I hat the
good offices of Ihe United States will be accepta
ble to aid in bringing about a peace honorable lo
both It is due Siain, so far as this government
is concerned, that the agency ol a third power, to
which I have adverted, riiall he adopted only as a
last expeUient. Had it been the ttesli if the
United Stains to interfere in tho affatryf Cita,
repeated opportunities for so doing have TvTlsn pre
sented wlttiin the past lew years lint w have
remained nissive, and have iH'i-foi nied our Svholc
duly and all internal lonal obligations to ftiafn
w ith friendship, tidi ness ami fidelity, and with a
spirit of patience and lorlieai-anc.e which "h-ffa
ttves every possituo suggestion ot a oesiro ta in
terfere or add to the dilliciillles with whlch"shc
has been surrounded. The government of sjgin
has recently suhnillU-d loom- minister at M.klrid
certain proposals, which may ho found to he "t he
basis, it not actual sutiiittssion oi teiius 10 wnu
Hie ieiUiretnenls of the particular griefs of which
this government nn leu itseti entuien to nsni
plaiii. 'J'hesu proiosal8 have not vet reach' in e
In their full text. On their arrival they Tlio
considered carefully, and may, 1 hope, lead to
satisfactory anjustiiient ot me cpiestions to nnioir
thev refer iuul remove the possibility of future
occurrences, such as have given rise to our jt
complaints.
Til K MEXICAN BOBOEB TROt'HLKW.
l)t predntions by bands from Mexico on
tho people of Texas, near the frontier,
continue. Though the main object of ex
cursions Is robbery, thev frequently re
sult iu tho murder of quiet ana peaceably
disposed persons, ami in some cases, even
the United Stales poNtofrioes and mail
com tiumieal ions have been attacked.
I?en9'.ved rt mo'mtninoes upon this anb-)et-t
nave been addressed to the Mexican
Uoveriinieiit, but without much apparent
(.fleet. The military forca of this liovern
tuetit disposable for service in that quar
ter is quite inadequate to etlV etually
guard the l!mcven etthe poinU wherein
ii.cursicns 'ire generally made.
An exphi inient of an armed vessel on
the Uio tii nude for that purpose is on trial,
and it is in.oed that if not thwarted by
shallowiiesM of the river, and other nat
ural obstacles, it may contribute to ihe
nro;e i:ou of the herdsmen in Texas
Tim f ree .one, so called, sov. ral years
sintte establish d by Mexico in certain
States of that Republic, adjacent to our
frontier, remains in full operation. It is
always materially injurious to dooiestic
tratl'ic, while it operates as en incentive to
traders iti Mexico to supply free of cus
tom charges, the wants of ibe people of
both sides of the line, and prevehin the
same from l.eiug supplied by merchants
of the Utit'jtd Siatn. lliereiiy, to a eonsta
erable extent, Cufrauding our revenue
and i-hrt'kint; Uoaoat uouiaierotai ier-
nrise.
iCINtiS I F 1TIK MEXICAN CLAIMS r MMIS
KUW.
The proceedings of t he mint commission
under ttie convention between the f'nited
Stales and Mexico, of the i:h July, 1SCS,
ou the suhifift of ebiitns, will soon bo
brought to a close. The result of these
proceeding will then ba comimraicated
to t'oiigriss.
X EXrZfELi,
T sin luthnr tnanntlnrtt'ft that the eov-
ertiuient of Venezuela has, ujion further
consideration, praeneallv utiaudotyed its
objections to pay to the United States the
share ol in leventte, kiikii some yers
since it sHotttd toward Hie extinguish
ment cf claituj of foreigners generally,
lii tlm f-ei-osiera'-i'iu of i s former deter
uiinic tion. tnat lioverutneut has shown a
I is i k d eif-resf eel which cannot fail
to ruiwt ri t dttiu it it in the eyes of all
disinu-rrsit-1 p-.-rsnns !-e here. It is to
lw inureltetf. h iwev'i-r, limt its payment
p i i it i t t if e'pht.s cf citizens of Ihe
i I'm
i an
' t-.-i
I and
-' " are KttI! so int-ager in
nn:. ft nil t!ta' the a'ipuUtlona of the
v m nwiiol to the funis to be paid,
the i ori nisi when these ptyuienta
were to tke plac". should have been so
Signai I j- disregarded.
Hl-M-lf- Itll I-ONVKNTIOKS WITH FOR
KUiS i'OWEIH.
s. nice ni v last annual message, the ex
i 'n i 1 i, I tien made of Ihe ratineations
oi Btif-s'v of ei'tiKii n-o and navigation
ni b i'rf'igiuin. ami of conventions ailh
'el x u Heputdie for Ihe further ex-
renston ;! t'le joint coinmisMuti respect
in it claims: with the Hawaiian Islands,
lor etiiiiiueTial reciprocity; and with the
ottoman I-.tnpiro. lor extradition; ail of
wlin-ti lisve lueu duly proclaimed.
COX1M1SSIOSERS OF ALABAM A CLAIMS.
1 lie eottrt of commissioners of the Ala
1 mm t' i i s bae prosecuted its important
dune erv assiduously and very saustae
torilv. !'. con vent-d End was organized
on the -zii day of July, 174, and, by the
terms t me act under which it wscre
att-J. i: was to cxit one year from that
datH. ! he set provides," however, that
should it he found itniTseUeabie tt eoin-
i eel itt iu k of the court b-jfore the ex-
pir.tMoti f t tueyear, ttie President uiiijht,
by proclamation, extend the time of its
duration to a period not more ttisa then
six months beyond the expira'inn of tiie
one vehr. iiavin rrteiveu rhus adory
VI
.1,
t -t it. w iuFd be mipr-etieable
i t-
! Ot!
pq ' - i!-e work within tbe time
n v iied, I issued a prof!n)tion,
a t i
t Xtt
i four!
' i r
in'
mil.'
of t
lis ,
iv id v.-tiicli is presented '.-erewitn,
iiiitig the time of the durati-ju of tbe
t tor a i triod of six utcuths from and
i -1 i day of July last. A report
- throiitfb thy clerk of the court, r-otn-'
' d herewith, bnws the aeadilion
t'ti lr on tne first of Novetuter
Hi d lite tarse amount t f work which
hss t-ei) accomplisbed.
Thirteen hundred and eiebty tnh claJms
have brc n prf scat d, of which eight bun
artti and sixty two had been disposed of
a' the i?a'e cf tbe report.
1 am informed tint one hundred asd
seventy case were decided during the
in. mill ot November. Arguments are
te r su and decisions triven in the
lenni, it tii t t-es K-jilt nil ihe rtispaich eon
itsteti' wnu tbe proper consideration of
tne questions suh-itittcd. Manyt flhr-se
iis nre t i 1 halt of mariners, or de-
ml .
n ibe evidence if mariuers, whose
at e
ret u
It
i - 'is- delayed the takiuis and llie
;i i.f the noees-ary evident,
is rt'ptesenied to me that it will be
t i-nj r cue lilt i r ing court to fmaliy cn-
posH ol ll tliet-a'es before it, witinu the
i present limit cf its duration. Justice to
t i j ir"fs i Saiuifnts, who bad been at
Uir (ii'i'-ein preparing thtir claims,
iit' I oliiKtiiinij evi.iein-i iu their supjort,
i sua tresis a short extension lo enable the
t coior to dispose of all ciaitos which have
Hiift in b "ii i-resented.
i 1 if c ntmienil the legislation which may
I oer i ed ro;er to enable the court to
t coinitit-ie lite work before it.
CoriVT I 015 .i'lliEBI50 CLAIMS OF
I AL'.KNS AtiAlNST THK I'SITEI) STATES,
t Also ri(ii:iimen-j that some suitable
I provi-i m tie made by the creation of a
t i al i' ur , or by conferring the neces
; sary liu isdictiou upon such appropriate
j triounal 1-r the consideration and iieter
I nnuHtion of c!ims of aliens against the
! Uoveriiinens f the I'nited 8tate, which
have arisen within some reasonable limi
tation of time, or which may hereafter
anse, excluding all claims brred by trea
ty piov lsions, or otherwise, as it has been
loiind impossible to give proper conside
ration to uiofee claims by the Executive
l partmeul of the (jovernment. Such a
tribunal would afford an opportunity to
aliens, other than British subjects, to pre
sent their claims on account of acts com
mitted against their persons or property
during the rebellion. As also lo those
u j eel cf Great Britain, whoso, claims
having arisen subsequent to the 8tb day
of April, lSTo, could not be presented to
ihe couiini-siou organized pursuant to
provisions of tuo Treaty of Washington,
OCEAN TKLKOKAMIS,
Tho electric telegraph has become an
essential and iudispcBsahle agent iu the
transmission of business and socinl mes
sages. Its operation on land, and within
ihe limits ol particular States, is necessa
rily under the control of the jurisdiction
within which it operates. The lines on
the nigh seas, however, are not subject to
I ho particular control of any one Govern
ment. -
iu 18d9 a coneet-sion was granted by the
French government lo a Company which
proposed to lay a cable from the shores of
France to the U nited States. At that time
there was telegraphic connection be
tween the United Stales and the continent
of Europe, through the possessions of
Great Britain, at. either end of tbe line un
der tho control of an association which
had at the cost of a greatoutlay of capital,
aud at a Kreat risk, demonstrated the prac
ticability of tiiaiutftitiing such means of
couiniiuiku-ioti. The coat of correspond
ence, by thi-p.s-.eney, was great although
possibly not too Jure ar. the tima for a
proper remuneration for so hazardous
and tto cosily an enterprise. It was, how-'
ever, a heavy charge upon a means ot
comuiunieafioit, hteii the pro;res in the
social aud ct iiiiiif.rc al in'eteourse of the
world has lound a, be a itOittSsiiy, and the
obtaining i f this 1-ieneli concession
showed that other laptnl than that al
ready invested, was ir:...iy to enter into
competition wi h H.-si.-uimtcs of ade
quate return for t i. ir outisy.
Impressed ntli the la.nvi.; inn tint ihe
interests n r- nh of i he people of the
United 81 at, Im. of tim wnld at largo,
demand, or woul i dnusm, the multipli
cation of sucii ttii-atis i.f couiQiuoicaiion
between s..paiisu. continents, 1 was de
sirous tliHt, ttits prop istd connection should
be made.
But certain provislonsrf this concession
were deeuied by uie to be objectionable,
particularly on winch g-tva to the com
pany, for a long term of years, tbe exclu
sive right of leleai iphic communication,
by submarine cable, between the shores
of France and Ihe United Stales. I could
not concede that any power should claim
the rifcht to lnd a ebif5 on the shores of
the United S ate, and at the tsauietime
deny toll. e ITi.hea States, or to its citi
zens, equal rights to land a cable on its
shores. Therein to control the condi
tions for Ihe laving of 'a cable in waters
within the jurisd ction of the United
States to connect our shores with those of
any foreign state pertains exclusively to
the government of tbe United State, ua-
J er such limitations and conditions as
Congress may impose.
In the absence of legislation by Con
gress, 1 was unwilling on the one hand lo
yield to a foreign state tha right to Hty
that its grantee miftbt laud on our shores
while! t denied a similar right to our peo
ple to land on its shores; and, on the oth
er hand,, I was reluctant to deny to the
great interests of the world of civilization
the facilities of aucti communication as
were proposed; I therefore withheld any
resistance to the landing of any cable, on
onnd.tiou that offensive monopoly partof
ttt:' concession bo abandoned, and that
the right of any cable which may bo es
tablished by authority of this government
to land upon French territory, and to con
nect with French land line,"uni enjoy all
the necessary facilities at presen incident
to the use thereof.
The company in question renounced
the exclusive privilege, and the repr son
tativeot France was so informed. Un
derstanding that this relinquishment was
to be construed as granting the entire re
ciprocity and qual facilities which had
heen demanded, the opposition to the
lau.finif of tbe cable was withdrawn.
The cable, under this French concession,
was landed in the month of June, lSbit,
aud has been an etlicient and valuable
agent of communication between this
country and the continent ot Europe. It
hoou passed under tbe control, however,
of those who bad Ihe management of the
cable connecting Great Britain with this
continent, and thus, whatever benefit the
public might have enjoyed from the com
petition between the two lines, whs lost.
The company having greater facilities
of an additional line aud the addit ional
security, in case of accident to one of
them, of being able to use the other gave
it great stability. But the increased facil
ities aud thta additional security, to
gether with control of the combined capi
tal of the companies gave also greater
power to prevent future constructions and
limit the control of the telegraphic com
munication between two continents to
those possessing lines already laid.
Within a few months oast a cable has
been ltid, known as the U. 8. Direct Ca
ble Uoiupauv, oonaeoting the United
States dinctiy with Great Britain. A
soon as this cable was reported to ba in
working order the rates ot the then exist
ing consolidated companies were greatly
reduced. Soon, however, a break was
announced in thiitnew cable, aud imme
diately the rates of the other line, which
had been reduced, were again raised.
This cable being now repaired, the rates
appear not to be reduwd by either line
from those lormerly charged by the
ortier company.
There is reason to bilieve that large
amounts of capital, both at home and
abroad, are ready to seek profitable in
vestment in the advancement of this
useful and most civiliz'ug means of in
tercourse and correspondence.
They await however, tho assurance cf
Government for the safety of the means
ad contributions which they may make
tributary to the general good.
EEOULATICNS VOR OCRAS TELEOKAI'HS
I'ROPOMiU.
As these cable telegraphs connect the
sep-rtte states, there will be questions ss
to their organir.atit n and control, which
prcbably can be htst if not solely ssttled
by contentious let ween the respective
states. In ihe absence, however, of in
ternational conventions on the ttuljee,
national legislation may be Becured on
many points whieh to me appear import
ant, "if not indispensable, for the protec
tion of Ibe public against the extoriions
which may resnlt from a moncoly of the
richt of operating cable telegraphs, or
from a combination bptween eoveral
iir.es. Frst: No line should be allowed
uy land on trie shores of the United
States under concessions from another
power, whieh do not admit the right of
any other line or lines irom the United
S ate to land and freely connect with and
operate through its Sand lines. Second:
No line should be allowed to lan l on tbe
shores of the United Stales, which is nor,
by treaty stipulations with tbe govern
ment from whose shores it procteds, or
by provision iu ita charter, or otherwise,
to the satisfaction of this government,
prohibited from consolidating or amal
gamating with any other cable telegraph
line, or eoinbininu therewith for ihe pur
pose of elevating acd msint lining the!
stoI teiegrapnic eomrauQ can n. ruiru;
The lines should be bound to eive pre
cedence in the transmission of official
Mm nAcunnimli .f 1 1 u t v n
countries hetwr.en which it may be laid, j
Fourth: A power should be rrved to j rsn Inan uf:U.;urcr: f tte -mie r combing ar
the two govern tueuta. eiibt-r corj int!y or j ik !es m our own ( 'iistam narkt:!.
to each, us regards tne uif sskk a is-
paicnea it utn its suores, iu m ni.iiiiiiui
tbe chargps to be maintained lor tbe on the ones; ion ot how : enable tlte Se.-rvar,T f . an,i thrfih CVinmisstoner to 1 coutril.med
transmission of uiisssaKCS. the Trta-'urj- to a vitm!a;e hs'-aiices It istode-i under the legislation of the last session to the In.
I nnwnt this subifw-t to this e-rnt-f eon- vi-e sonie letter iiirtii"! t Ten-ifyiitg !aitts i ternaUora! Exhibition to be beidat Pbllailelpliia
.irleVfttn i.f '(Wm in the iPiiitiu'f. li:e Kven.tnetd than at !e-cni ecsts. f ,iuring the Centennial year JST8. has been diii-
Identtion ot lo.ig.tws m trie ..le.nuitl.P, ,&im!i em , ,)M. .ct- war, uotbuip ! gent in the discliarce of thedmies which have
nd Dle8 Congress otherwise tllreels, 1 ni,rc , .rt.-,in than a 'arjte iH-reentago ot the nevolve-1 uu tt, and the projK.rf.ons so far. wlih
shall not oppose tbe landing ol ai:y cable ! annniiits pas-ed and i c.H arc- partly or wholly tue .Jns u command, give assurance that the
whieh complies with and bswbuis tt tbe j frawiulrtiu or are fat In exce ot ihe real busses i;UT,ri meat's cootriliutiott will be made one ot
nidnl .tmfl etin (uprated but will e! It ttim-l: The large .-iiri.iiut rt proven on tbP marked characteristics of tbe exhibliion. The
points atjove euti tuerati, t.ui wm .net ii , , toAlmnay Rccordnm tocMslinp laws, hnt by lMntti lim observe! consi-lerabie ci-onomv in tke
uiycuv to present tne lanumg oi . iupiavHsnctiiioits (,r nnscrnpulittis f-ron. to j erection of liuiMiir lor the exhibition, tbe ex
wbieh ayes not eootorut with tbe lirstand ; h ive l-n su-tnine l o;i small lini'.s and planta- leDsef which it is estimated will not exceed sav
Muood petals, aa staled, and vliih will ; tiol. are not only far beyond the iKissibje yk-M of I $.(iojt. This amount ha? been withdrawn irad r
not BlipulaWt) conceile to th a eovern . tli.ise places lor anv one year p, t as eery one , w law from the appropriations of three of the
,,lt hs mmwlsn in transmission cf 1 Mw-ws. wb h- exi-erieii.-e in lilln.g the soil, aed Hcpitrtments. whi.-h leaves six of these Hepart
ment the pte.uenee in tranmi.4.i)n r.i . , , tMi ,be ,-s ,-l ti;se .-i. -itati..us. are ,i,s without sufficient funds to render their re-
its official messaees, and will not enter ;
into satisfactory arrangements as regards
its charges; j
FBArPt'LENT KATTBAUZATK'S. i
Among the pressiti? rdiI important lit' asures ;
to whiel!, in n:y npiuioii, the attention jf Cud- j
gresa should tie directetl. are tiiose relntii.jr to j
fraudulent naturalization and expatriation. (
The I'nited IstateS with srreat lilierality :
oilers its citizenship to all who-;
in pood faith, comply with the require, j
ments of law. These rt-iiiirenients are as sim-
ole and tnxin as favoralle terms to the eitii- i
grant as tlie hib privilege to which be is ad
mitted ean or should permit. Anil I do not pro
pose any additional reijniretnetits to those which
the law "now demands. Hut the very simplicity
and wont of necessary formality in our law,
hare made fratnlnlent natnralizatiou not nnfre
quent to the diseretlit and injury ot all hottest
citizens who ate native or naturalized. Cases
of this character are continually brought to the
notice of our government by our representatives
a'iroad and those of persons resident in foreign i
COHlltries. aiost iieipiemiy int-se, n iue oaa
really remained in this country Ions enough to
entitle them to become naturalized, has! not
e-.er passed that period and bave retin oid to
tlie eountrv of their oritrin, where they reside,
avoiding all duties to the I'nited States by their
ahseiioe and claiming to lie exempt from all du
ties to the country of their nativity and of their
residence by reason of their alleged naturaliza
tion. It is lne to this government itself, and to
a great mass of naturalized citizens who have
entirely, both in name anil act, become citizens
of the United States, that the high privilege of
citizenship of the United States should uot be
held by fraud, or in violation of the laws, and
ef the 'good name of every honest citizen. In
many eases it has been brought to the knowl
edge' of the goverment thatcertiiicates of natur
alization ate had, and protection or interference
claimed bv parties who admit, not only were
thev uot citizens of the United States at the
time of their pretended naturalization, but that
thev never resided in the United States. In
others, the certificate and record of the court
show on their face that the person claiming to
be naturalized bad not resided the required
time in tlie United States. In others, i is ad
mitted upon examination, that the require
ments of the law had not been complied with.
In some cases even such certificates have been
made matters of purchase. These are not soli
tary cases, arising at rare intervals, but of com
mon occurrence, and which are reported from
all quarters of the globe. Such occurrences
cannot and do not fail to reflect, upon the gov
ernment and injure honest citizens.
Such a fraud being discovered, however,
there is no practical means within the control
of the government hy which the record of nat
uralization eu be vaeatad and should tlie cer
tificate lie taken up aa it usually is by the dip
lomatic representatives of the government to
whom it may have been presented, there is
nothing to prevent the person claiming to have
been naturalized, from obtaining a new certifi
cate in place of that which had been taken from
him.
The evil has become so great and of such fre
quent occurrence, that I cannot too strongly
recommend that some effective measures be
adopted to provide a proper remedy and that
means be provided for vacating any record thus
fraudulently made and punishing the guilly
parties to the transaction.
EXPATRIATION AND FLECTION OF NATIONAL;
ITV.
In this connection, I ruler again to the question
nf expatriation and election of natimialiiy. The
United Stales was foremost in upholding the right
of expatriation, ami was princiially instrumental
in overthrowing the dwtrlne of fieriieluat allegi
ance. Congress has declared therighl of expatria
tion to be Ihe natural, inherent right of ail the
people. While many other nations have laws pro
viding what formalities shall be necessary to work
a change of allegiance, the United Stales has en
acted the provisions of no law, and has in no re
spect marked out how and when exiatriation nmy
Ihi accomplished bv Us citizens. Instances are
brought tothe attention of the government where
citizens of the United Stales, naturalized, or na
tive born, have forniallv become citizens, or suls
Jects of foreign powers, but who, nevertheless, in
the absence of any provisions of legislation on tills
question, when involved in difficulties, or when it
seems to be their interest, claim to lie ciii-.ensof
the United islates, anil ueniaim ineiiiiervenuoii oi
government which they have long since abandon
ed, and to whieh, lor years, they have rendered
no service, or placed themselves in any wy
ainenable. In other cases naturalized citizens at
once, alter naturalization, have leturned to their
native eountrv; have liecomecngaged in business:
have accepted offices or pursuits inconsistent with
American citizenship, and evince no intent to re
turn to the United Slates, untif called upon to dis
charge some duty to the country whore they are
resiilins, when at once they assert their citizen
ship aiid call upon the representatives of tlie gov
ernment to aid their unjust pretentions. It is but
justice, that on all such occasions no doubt. should
exist on such questions aud tint Congress should
determine bv the enactment of law, how expa
triation shall be accomplished, and change of citi
zensluube established
MAHHIAGE OF AMEIilCAN WOMEN TO FOKEIGN
EKS. I also invite your attention to the necessity of
regulating bv law the status of American women
wljo marry foreigners, and of defining more lully
that of children born In foreign vwtre of)
American varenfs, who inav reside abroad; ai d
also, of smufi fnrthur pros ihi on rftjrulatlnp or k'v
lu'j tftiH-.t tit marri'tg(?fl nf Avncrioau r-iij.ohH in
foreign I'otmt I'lof. The t:tvruKvnUw4s hcrcwiih
showria lew of tho con-:ant!v (vanning finest ion
on tIioe potnla, suhmiUl to tl.o .ii)"tk-iu'ion of
tliegovriiment. Tiers ro hw Mnl.tK Jtii
antri: the alUtntion oi" i'ots'.'ivss n vvlii.rh rmre
aeiiuile ro!ati(;ti arc dciK'mhn.
AKOIIVKftfi I -LY lKI;KITf:r).
In Um moulh of Jn'v 'it-t, tho hnihlin evoctcH
for the li:Mirfrnoot of Htnte, w,Bfakcn )r '.v.Um
of unit wnphNl l,v Uirf. iJujiavtimMtt, 1 ;.m liat-tiF
to wiy thfit on-liivo?: ah1 vohtahh: pi-fjitv of tlie
gavr;rnnint in .nst(t!tv ofiJi.it 'irj:irtihV-iit are
now safoly and carti'iiHy tU?jn-iU.-il,
KKI'OKT P M-VfltKTAUV TlfT;AHf'HV.
The ri'ioit of tin; S4vr!a-v of flio Troa-nry
Mittwd the reoipi from i-o-M-m3 tr tho (i-Jil
ycir cmllnff June; liOi h. 17, to hav htii !;:,-
(I'j, ami ior tho ti a! t nr r-'Uner Join
3'Mli. ImT.J, lo h:ivo hcon L'f7.h;7,7r2 a hvreaM;
for the last tU-al year nf $ i,);j.:,H :u. lUwnin
irom internal revenue for !ho vtnr owllng June
)ih, 1871, uere $H,-iJW.74 9ftmi fur the yriar
enling June :;.fih, it:7 vvere $!lo,oo7, an; in-t-rea'e,
$7,r'j7,7oy W. J no report a'o oo-;nts a
complete showing ui (he Working '.-J the iort- :
rnenl fur tho la-t year, iwi contains reronitnenifa-;
ttons for reforms ami if.ns!afion which I onctir 1
hi, htitean not comment (n mi fully I houhi :
like to io if fp;i-e wooid per.nit. hot 1 will i.on
llnf raya'lf wa few pupir.js-HoriM tt)m a u!jvi
vi hU'ti I Uvk nvtu ;;S mire vitaf lo the hot inrer
ettsof tlie whitte xit:e than anv r.,xnv.z Riiliin
the imrvlew of tiie triHtiry. I mean
SIJt:'IK HK-SIMITION.
Too much M.rcss cannot he I on thi? qoesUon,
an I ho Conjrre- mav he lnlti.ilt at tlie earil-e-t
(lay pni-lJv-ah!e1 I.t in-un; rho CftwrUinmiaion of
the act .f tlie hf-t Cohere- titv.n Ian tiimi to
hrtni? alMitit pjeote re-fi,np jn tm and after the 1st
day of .Jat. nary, I; Tt, at. i he far, he-f . It oifid
iMaarr;at hieing If t'M. c'lttlti he coniinnnated
even at an eariier ?av. XnUinx seem- to he
novo eel rain than that a foil ar.d V'tjrmaoeiit
chaiig'e cannot lake p!a.e iu favor of the iodiis
Iries and financial we!l;ire of !ie c-'Utury untd
we return to a Tnea-nre of vaha; rog!iizel
thr.Mtjhuat tiie ci',V.i(l wort 1 WI.JVj we tiave
t-nrreiicy not (ijttiva:enr to this wor!d-rvojjnizti
standard, wprvJu hev.ine a cornrn.tdi! v, tike the
prduc'.s of tiie !, t he snrpJu?- Kff-kin? a market
wherever there Is a demand tor it. t'nder Mir
present system we should want ihujo, nor would
we Iiare any, were it not that tvi-rrm iluci imit
ie si id in coin, and hecaa-e ui ihe pU?V.e i pay
the intM'eM of the puh;i.- th.-hi in coin. Tho U-Ul
of iirtxri'io.- tnefals wc-iiid t!-nv out f-r tiie jair-ciia-.
of foreign j rod Met-, and have the lidte'l
Slates the hewer of un drawer of vater,
he-ranK1 ui vis-r h'gtsiaiion on the subjit f
liisaot-e by the nafion.- 9iiU whom we have !eai-
1 am nft j -re pa red to ?nv th'il I ean the
lw-t h -'4iUi.h.yu to ;-'e.."iire tiu end most IseaHl'v
commended. It will iK-awi'iM: ' great raii;i
oit'i'Mi u ma ti Ik.' ali'e tu atiprv so;, measure oi
(.-.oiiire? hkiu?; eiiec;lve!y lavr'f early rej-mnp-iUm.
t ii!hnHi l int!arion wnn'd pros!cy hringaootit
poeie pameitist m-n peedil than aaylei-ia-ti'm
loikUi to i lie rcdornp:iori 1 ffh-urltU' in
C"io- Uiit it would tie at the exi.en'K1 uf honor, and
leal tenders won!! lwt nota'tee heond wttdn
jireeut httl4?j?i or, j rosier, y f.fK;:ikirsr, repodi
uiinft lhem. lU-r m.wM huV tu-thsng atier the
debts svere all sett'ei.
There are a few other nieanrest wt-s h feern to
me lmKr;;'itt in thi ronmvhor. nvA which I
ceinmend to yorean:esf ,r.s:deratiofi:
fr ir.-- The reix at tf Mimsii-h ot U.t1 eirJi! tender
a.:i a-r to make i!ife r'5te re-v.'rTatj'e fr de!n?
contra rfe I niter a f;de to x; flxe! in the act
ic-eif, vty r.o? later than iho t f -jKnary, 19.
We hhotild thea Uivp quofai Jan at rwi! vafov-? rejt
lh-titiou. Then jrohl v. on Id i;t ea!y ie at a pre
ir.iiiir., hm c?irreti.-y at a di-ounr. iieaith5" re
setif.n w.i!d -et iii at onre. and with it a desire to
iaikc the etirreney to what, i: pitriMrt to
U". The iw-n-;;nVe," m:iRna;turer.a. aii't trade
loen, and every eaihng eoit!d do bu-ioe-T 'm a
fnir margin at a prefU. The money tf be re.retrei
iiaviiijr an nnv tr iejr vah: laborer- and all rSa?i
cs who work for'-i;p:;!.a,:'-l t v,yy or Kt-ary, woid.i
ipeeive mnre for the r fiwohw I.-ae tvra
pmrlt woj'hi no h ig.'rlH? charfrftt by th.' mer
chant to '.-onifxit"-ae f.ii ;he rNi; of a doard fluo'
tuatSon in tho -salee o! the enrreo.-y. !t-m;d
1 !;at I he !vvre! ary ol ; he I rtaiiry ht instmc'i
to redeem, j-ay. net exc- e'fo tl, n'onthly
of letral tender rioter, t.r uuiiie instead a lonfif
bond bearing1 in'ere - a; 3 .T'-bKt Kr cent, j.-er an
num, i'deii..-mtn4i!jOfj ransrtH from ?" lo $ltW)
each. l'h" would reduce- ieira! teuder-r to a vol
ume that coTi id !w keot afVat w:!h uH damaging
redeaip' i -n i:i iare! um sudMenly. Third
That a IdiHvuiai pover i- Riven lo ili? S-.-cretary
of ihe Treaniv t'a.vittntii:tto vld Kr tinanclal
redemp'Hi, either by 2iK-rea." e ihe revenue,
en nam rijr ex pen ur b.s!h. Ii i-).ireftnb?e to
do both, an ! 1 re -.m!nend thnt r.HvtiFin of es
Indsmre le iirt H vhervt-r it -mi wUhout iin
liairMig :vernmeMt oS-iit'.Kois or erippiir.t? ttie
due ee-'u:.v.u Jhcrerf.
rr a and ( fr.
lr.e mea-nre for n-r':tit?r '.he reTenc. and The
cidvoticl can tirk oil the re-ra.ion of (he
dntVontea and eegV-e The-? duties would add
jsrobabW 'iWXt-W. t Jh1 rent amount, lfceiv
ed for irwr-, and wouM fn uu xt y iaerra-e the
prU-;-? jasd for fhee artj.-'e ly fhe con?nmer
iiK-eanv: are"'- l'nK!' ?7;'"
Itvti,,? 'T1! J, V " L nn?
EI'TIFJSON ARTICLES l'St.P IN K A.NVF ACTt REP j
"With this 3'1-iition to the reveiue. man duties!
now collected atnl which give b:t ni insiguiticant '
return f.r collecting, nsi-jlit i-e rt mtttei to thedi-
rs-t a-hant.-iire of coiist!iii.-r at home. I would
mention th'.iM- article-1 vs ict-h e-iter into manuiac-
tu res fit all shirts. All hv U s jci: I ujn sach nr-
t! .' lt B hen KUUin P
lured re. at--'t mu?-t oe piiia
j jioTFCTicx a;.u'st fkai'di le.st claix-.
i tmtn or uw
s-inviuv c?-es u:"ret!a-i 'he jH-rs.in- were ever ;
worth, inciii'l'iig tlej:r p.'rnal and ra! estate, j
Tee rejiort - I the An.-irtii-y-tieiieiai, wh.ch will be j
stihiititttsl to C--iire-s atnn e;ti iy liay. wiiicon-j
t.-cu detiiped t'tsf-ry et" tiie a-.anis ma-le of!
i-iaitns jietiding of tlte class here n-iviiel. j
MET' kt t rsH'tmitr f wab.
The reirt of i lie ecre;ary of War. a.
om pa
living tliis message civi
nt ol armv
ofieiatious fi- Ihe vear .ic-l passe-
the expenses
! r iiMtmemiiu e. etc, with i-
iiim-ndaiions for i
lejiislatttnu to n hk-h I rt-s
tu!:y tnvlle voarat-
I of :i-t-lirst imp-irt-j
teution. 1 o some fl
'. is the n eo
i-i m.-ikliig an ai proiiriafi'
li-in i
ol Ot'.noo li-r the -u!-!su-i-ct-.lli!e
lit-hire ihe bt-irmirig id !h
Wtiltmit ihls urovisimi lru,ii-
ik-par.nicot, avail-
nev. ncai year, j
at point!' iliaut i
from suniitv p-iints must eitl.-er en wifhotn til or
the existlu-j; law inn--! tie vl-t'stt-'l. 1 his is nor at-len-le
1 with t-ost lo the Th usury, second -Ills
i-e.-oniineiidation for t he ena.-lutent of a system
ol annuities for Ihe l:imi'ii-s oi deceased orticers.
bv vo'tiiiilnrv dediicilinis iVntn ihe monthly pay of
oihVe'rs. Tltl again is not at-ended with Isink'ii
uiwiii the li-easurv. an-l wcui i lor uie imine re-
iieve mik-h di-cress. which every otf army o'li.-er
wl-iei i ,V,e ,s( ,-a-es of oinYers d'ying
sti ldenlv or lieing killed, leaving their fatni ii
w i'liditt even the me tits uf ren.-lii.ig their frien is. j
If fortunate emmah io have fi tends til aid them. 1
Ihird- The repeal of the bi'v alioiL-libig mileage )
and a renu-n to tiie ol-i system. Fourth Tiie j
trial Willi torpedoes uii-ii r tlie corpse o!" engineers j
and an appropriation for the -time. Shou'd war i
ever occur Ik-hycoh the I ntie i st.-t'-s ami any j
maritime power, torpe ices w iH ! among, if not
the most elioc'ive, cheapest auiiii:ivy for defense ;
of haihors and also for :o-:re 'she ierat ions that t
we can have. Hence it H advisable in learn by ex- i
pertinents their best construction and application I
as well as their e'kvt. I-ntli-l'cniianent or
ganization of a signal service corps. This service
has now become' a ueces-it? of peace as well as
war. under advaii-ement nude hy present
able management :-iih- Itenewil! ol ttie appro
priation for completing the official records urine
war, etc.
THR CuMHTluN OF OCR NAVY
At this lime Is a sulm-cl of satisfaction. It does
not contain, it is true, any of the powerful cruis
ing ironclads whi.ih make so mu. ii id' tlie mari
time strength oi' sonic other n.-iiions, but neither
onr conlitienta! situation nor onr foreign policy
require we sImiiiM have a large numlier of ships
of this character, while ! his k na ion aud tlie na
ture of our poi Is com 'nines to inn ke those of other
nations of but little ilauucr lo iheCniied i-iates
under such circumstances, our navy doescontain,
however, a consiilerali'c number if ironclads of
the monitor class, which, though not properly
cruisers, are powerful aim effective for habor
defense and for oporu-ion near our own shores,
of these, all the single turrcte'l. fifteen in num
ber, have lieen suhsiantial'y rebuilt, (heir wooden
beams replaced Willi iron, Inn Is slreiigihened. and
their engines a nd nnciii'iery thnrouidiiy replaced,
so that tlioy are now in a most eflicieiu condition,
and readv "for sea ns soon as they can he manned
and put iii commission, Tlie live double-tut reied
ironclads belonging lo our navy, by tar ihe most
jioweiiul of our ships for lllituig pui-sises, are
also in baiid and undergoing I homugh repairs,
and could be ready tor sen in periods varying
from four to six niniith. Willi th. se completed
according to tlie present design, and our two iron
torpedo boats, now ready, our irun-ciad fleet will
be, lor Ihe purioses of dett use at home, equal to
any force that can he reaili iy brought, against it.
Our woollen navy. also, cruisers of various sizes
to llie number of'aln.ntt forty, Including those now
in commission, are now in tiie Atlantic and could
be ready for duly as fast as men could lie enlisted.
Of t hose not already in commission one-third are,
in effect, new ships' and although of the remain
der considerable ri'!tirs lo their boilers and ma
chinery are necessa ry, thev are or can uc readily
rondo effective. This constitutes a fleet of more
than 1111 v war ships, of which lil.ceH are Ironclads
now on hand. On the Atlantic coast the navy has
been brouidit to this cntid lion by a judicious, and
practical application of what could bespared from
tlie current .appropriations of ihe last few years,
and from thai made to meet a jiossihlc emergency
two vears ago II bus liecu ilone qtiiotlv, without
proclamation or display, and though it has nec.-s-sai-ilyslraightened
the I leparlnient in its onlinary
exiienditure, and as fir as iro i-c.!ads are con
cerned has added nothing to llie cruising force of
tlie navy, tlcj result is not less satisfactory, be
cause it is found to be a great increase of' real
ralhevthan apparent lon e. The excuses incur
red in llie maintenance i f a naval force in all its
branchus are necessarily large, but. such a force is
essenlialito our po)ntl:t!.ion4reiutiolis and charac
ter, and infects .seriously the weight of onr princi
ples and police throughout ihe whole sphere ol
naval responsibilities. Tim estimates lor the sup
liort of this branch of the service for the next
vear, amount to a little less in the aggregate than
ihose made fur ihe current, ten oomo additional
aiiiiroiii-iatii'iis arc asked Pr i.bj.vis not included
iu il-.e ordinary maintenance oi thefl.-ivy, but be
lieved lo lie of pressing importance at this time.1
It w uld. in my opinion, be well at once to all'ord
sufficient means for the immediate completion oi
the douhlc-turreted monitors now undergoing i-e-pairs,
which must otherwise advance slowly and
only as monev can be sp-ired from current expen
ses. Supplemented by these, our navy, armed
with these destructive weapons of modern war
fare, manned bv onr seamen atid iu charge ot our
instrtk-.ted olliccrs. will present a force powerful
enough for the home purposes oi a responsible
ihouuli peaceful nation.
THE REPORT OF THE PCST"SfAjTEB GENERAL,
Herewith transmitted, gives a full history of the
working of the department for the year iust past:
It will lie observed that the deficiency to be aiii
plied from the general tretis-ury is increased over
the amount refunded for the preceding year. In
a country so vast in area as the United Stales,
witli a large imputation, sparsely settled, it. must
be exjiected that this important service will be
more or less a burdeu upoa the treasury lor many
years; but tb,ere J$ ny branch of the public service
whk-h tntnrestn the whole people inore than that
of chiaiian-l rajiifl trannni'rfon of the mail lo
ererv li'ihuliiKxJ part ofmir territory. Net to
tlie tree ;hool tlie jMistolIii-e Is the great cultion
t'ir of the people, ami tt in.-iy well receive the
t-npiifirt of the general goyerr.inent. The mib-i'ly
of iJl-HiiOOO K;r aniiuni, siren to the refuels of thii
I'nilert Suites fori-arryii g the mail, between New
Toil; anil Ulo lie l.-meiro, harinn ecnel on the
:i')th of S.'itetnbf-r hunt, we nre without "lirect
mail l!i.-i!lii 8 wlih SiHMh Amerli-a. This is great
ly Iii lw reimfttral, aii'l I tin not hel!ale to reuonv
riien-l the authorization of a renewal of that contra.-!,
awl also that the service may he increaseil
Irom monthly to emi-rnonthiy tfiii. The com
mercial ailrar.tajrefUo Ije pained bv a direct line of
American pteanY'-hitifl to the fintll American
Elates villi far outweigh the expenm of the fer
vlcy. Hy an act of :iigie' approve! March :!.
!H75, almost all mat'er,' whether properly mail
matter or not, may he sent any tUMnm-At through
the rnaiM. In jiackagea not exceedinfi: four potmdis
In weight, for the mm of IB centu per ponnd. So
Kir a the lianfmlKrtiin of real mail matter goes
thi-t would eecm entirely proin;r, hut I suggest
the law he soamemled a to exclude from the
maiU merchandine of all deeeriptlon and limit
thi means of tran-'jiorlallon to all articles enu
merated aud wi.ich may be classed as mall matter
prop-.-r.
THE BLACK HILLS.
The discovery of gold In tbe Black Hills, a por
tion of the Sioux Keerva!lon, has had the effect
to induce a lfre emifiraiioii of miners to that
point. Tims for the effort to protect the treaty
light of the Indiana of that section lias been
succet-Kliil, but the next year will certainly wit
neK8 a lare increase of such emigration. The
treaMe f-r the reiinijuiBiiment of the jrold fields,
having f-ille!. It will be nece.ry for Coneres to
adopt some mjat-ures to relieve the embarrass
ment rowintr out of the causes named. 3'he Sec
retary of the Interior suggests that the supplies
now apfiropriated for ihe sulslHteiH-.e of that jieo
pie, Ixdi.g no longer obligatory by the treaty of
February Hi h, but stmplv a gratnlty,may fee issued
or withheld at his discretion.
J.VD1AN TEBKITOKY.
The conditions of the Indian Territory to which
I have referred in several of rnv farmer annua!
rncf.-ifro, remain pra-nically uiichaiiped. The
Si-crt-iary if the Inrei-ior has taken m-a-ure to
obiain a full report of thecondiiion of that terri
tory, an I will make it the subject of a special re
sifl at an early day. It may then e nece-i-ary
tomakea further re,inimendatlon iu regn rd to
legWiatlou f-r the government of that territory.
THE PATKST OFFICE.
The stea-ly growth and Increase of the business
of the 1'alent t.ll!hy? indicates in stme measures ihe
growth of the indu-it lial prosperity oi the country.
1 he receipts of the oftlce are in excels oi its exjjen
dit'ire, an-l the ofti.-e g;nerally In a prosperous
and satisfactory condition.
THE Pt l?r.!C IASCS.
The"reisrt of the fienentl Ind Office shows
that there were 2.4."y.tnl acres less disposed i-f
danng Mils tlian la-t year. ."ore than half of this
decrease as in Land disrsed of under the horne-sie-ad
andtlmlK-r-cutting laws. The causes of the
dvreaare su(istsel to le fonnd Ingrasstioppers
an-l ihe drouth-, which prevailed w extensively
in some of the frontier Mates and Territories in
that time a to ditottrage and deer entries by a.
ttia I settlers. Tbe ca-h re.lits were less by $s,
(Wi.ii?. than durinir"the preceding year. The en
tire surveyed area of the public domain is
i".:i,:i. acre1, of w hich 2o,e7.5:tl auresweiesifr
veed .itirlnp the past year, leaving ijM.TT.eli
a.-fes still tinsnrveyed. The refiort of the Cotn
rnisslener presents many Intertfsting suggest ion sin
reirard to the dtSssitlon of the public domain and
the moiliti.-atlon of existing law, theapparent im
jsjrtance (if whi.-b should insure tbe careful con
si'leratton ot Congress.
THE PENSION BrP.EAC,
The nsnilier of pensioners stilt conttnnes to de
cfeas the highest nnrnlier having been reached
during tt-e year esdingjnne 307 ls7i. l-nrir.g
lat year 4l,JuCI names were added to the roll .
and 12.777 were dropjicl, showing a net decrease
of l,42i!. Ihrt while the namber of pensioners de
creased, the annual amount due on tbe penston
roll has Increased $1,473,343. This Is caused by
the greatly increased average rate of iensiotis
which bv tlie lilieral legislation of Congress ha
Increased from fjfl SB in 1S72, to $iS 91 in to
each invalid jien-loner. an iecrease on ftn average
rate ot one hundred jier cent. In the three yean.
) mring the year ending June 30. 175. there was
p-tid .on account of jiensions including the ex
penses of dtshtirsementa -.e&3,l hs being yiu,
n ji dollar? less than was psM the pre-edi.' g year.
1 his re-iis-tion In amount of ex)endltures was
prdn.-ed by a de:rease In the amount of arrear
ages tine on allowed claims and on pensions, the
rate of which was increased by the legislation of
the precei hug session of Congresi, At thecioseof
the last fiscal vear there were on the pension
rolls itit.sil persons, of whom 210.363 were army
len-hmers, 1W.475 being Invalids and 14.SS5
widows and lejeii'iant relatives: were navy
I-nsioners of Ihe war of lSIi, Ll.iTS of whom
were survivors aad 5.113 were widows. It is erfi
mated that $i7,.Vi".0iJ will be required Tor the
payment of the Kn.-tons for the next fiscal year,
an amount o.?y.R-e less tlian tbe estimate for the
preheat year.
UEOLOGIrAI. ITXPI.OEATIOSS.
The geological explor-atlms bave been prosecn
ted with enerpv during the year, covering an
area of ahout 4K.ts.ti square niiles. in the Terri
Un ies ot Colorado. I'tah and New Mexico, de-
TeloiiT.jr the aark-nhtiral and mineral resource
"'2 interesting cieot;fic and topo-
THE IDIA?i lJLIt-l.
The metbo-t for the treatment of the Imlians
a loptei ar the beeinmne of my ftr terra ha.
heen st lilr par-KteiL and with faiisi'3.-!ory an'l
! eni-OHrnirins re-uft-. It has been ininctive of
evi'Jerft improvement m tj-ieoondjuon of that race,
an-.l will lie continue-! with only eiK.'h nKKliD.:a
tins a further experience m&y iudk-ate to be
nece.-i-sirv.
THE CENTEis'SIAL.
The bianl heretofore appointed to take charge
of articles awl matter pertaining to the War, the
Treasurv, the Interior and the Pbstoaice lepart
inents, the l"ejrmient of Agriculture, the Stnitb-
ln-ii!iuioii, tne commissioners ot rotsi
smvtive nractical exhibits complete and satisfac-
torv. The exhibition being an international one
anil the tiovernment tieir g a voluntary contrib
utor, it is uy opinion that its construction should
lie ot a character in quality and extent to sustain
lite dicnitvamt credit of so distinguished a con
tributor. The advantages to the country of a
credi'alde display in an international sint of
view is of first iniortance. while indifferent or
imcrediiMh'.e ratrticination bv the Government
would lw humiliating to the patriotic feelings of
onr iieopie themselves. I recommend the esti-
mates of the board for the nc essary admiiona!
Hiioroiiriatioiis. to the favorable consideration of
(;oiirress. Tiie iwwers of Euroie.
with few ex
ceptioiis. ami many of the SSouih Ameri-an States,
Mmi even the more distant tasrern powers, have
manifested their l'riendlv sentiments toward the
I niteit states and the interest of the wet Id in onr
progress, hv joining with us in the celebration of
the Centennial of tiie Nation, and I strongly urge
thftt ieiiietus be given to this exhibition by such
legislation and appropriations as will insure its
success. Its value in bringing to our shores in
numerable woiks of art and skill, the comming
ling of citizens of foreign conntries and our own.
fhe intermingling of ideas ami rtanufiicturcs.
w:!l far exceed anv out lav we may make pru
dently.
AOBlCrl-TCEAL, EDUCATIONAL AND OTHER
REPORTS.
I transmit herewith the report of the Commis
sioner of Agriculture, together wtlh tbe reiioris
of ihe Commissioners of theBoaru of Audit and
the Hoard of Health of the liistnct of Columbia,
toall of which I call attention. The Bureau of
Agriculture ba-'- accomplished much inlhedis-em-iuation
ot useful knowledge to the agrk-tilraral
interest and in introducing new and useful pro
ductions adapted lo our soil and climate, aud is
worih v of the coLtinned eneonraaement of the
government.
The report of the Commissioner of Education.
which accompanies the report of ihe Secretary of
lne interior, sno-.vs a gratnying progress m eou
catioual matters.
THE MOKMON qt'ESTIOX.
Ill nearly every annual message I have had the
honor of transmitting to Congress, 1 have caited
attention l o l he atiomolons. if not to say scandal
ous coniiition of alTairs existing in the " Territory
of Utah, and have asked tor definite legislation to
correct it. Tiiat polvgamy should exist in a free
enlightened ami Christian country, without the
power to punish so fiagi-ant a crime against de
cency and moral itv, seem preposterous. True,
there is no law to sustain this unnatural vice, but
what is needed, is a law to punish it as a crime,
and al the same titne lo fix the status of the inno
cent children, the offspring of this system, and ot
tlie possibly invocent plural wives; but as an in
ssitiition, polvgamy should be banished irom the
land.
IMPORTATION OF CHINESE WOMEN.
While this is being done I invite the attention
of Congress to another, though perhaps no less
an evil, the importation of Chinese women, but
few of whom are brought to onr shores to pursue
honorable or useful occuiallons.
PVBLIC LANDS IN TIIE TERRITORIES.
Observations, while Visiting the Territories of
VVyoming, Ctali and Colorado during tlie Jiast
autumn convinced me that existing "laws regu
lating the disposition of public lands timber, Ac,
auri probably the mining laws themselves, are
very defect ive. and should lie carefully amended
and at nn early day. A territory wliereihec.nl
ti vat ion of l lie soil can oniy lie followed bv such
irrigation as is practicable, w here the lands can
only be used as pasturage and this only where
siock can rxach water to quench thirst, cannot he
governed by the same laws as to every acre of
which is in an independent slate by itself. Cand
must lie held In large quantities to justify the ex
jiense of conducting water upon it to" make it fruit
ful, or lo justify utilizing it as pasturage.
t-IMBER AND MINING LANDS.
Tlie timber in most of the Territories is princ.i
lially confined to ihe mountain regions which are
held tor entry in small quantities onlv, and as
mineral lands. The timber is the propert vol the
United States, in the disposal of which there is
now r.o adequate law. The settler i list become
a consumer of this limtier whether be lives upon
the plaines or engages in working the mines.
Hence every man becomes either a tresiwsser
himself or knowingly a itron of the tresinsser.
My opiiortunilies for observation were not suffi
cient to justify me m recommending snecltic legis
lation on those subjects, but I do recommend that
a joint committee of tlie two houses of Congress,
sufficient Iy large lo be divided into sub-committees
lie formed, authorized to visit all the mining
Suites and Territories during the coming summer
and that tlie committee shall report to Congress at
ils next session such laws or amendments to laws
as it may deem necessary to insure tlie liest inter
esls of tlie government and the people of these
Territories who are doing so much for their tle
velopement. I am sure the citizens oecnp'-ing the
Territories described do not wish to be tresimss
ers, nor will they be ii the laws are provided for
1 hem to lieconie owners of these actual necessl
tiesofllieir position.
LEADING QUESTIONS i'OR CONSIDERATION.
As this wid lie the last annual message which I
shall have the honor of transmitting to Congress
before my successor is . hos -n, 1 will reiieat or re
capitulate ihe questions Wiiich 1 deem of vital im
portance to be legislaud u;imi and settled at this
session :
first -That the States shall be required to af
ford tlie opjKirtunity of a good common school edu
cation to every child within its limits.
Second N o sectarian tenets shall ever lie taught
in any schooi supported In whole or in part bv The
State, nation, oriy the proceeds of anv tax levied
upon any community: make eilucation'coiiipulsorv
so far as to deprive all persons who cannot read or
write from becoming voters after the year 1890,
disfranchising none, however, ou erouuds of illit
eracy who may be voters at the time tliis amend
ment takes etf-xi,
Tbird-reclare Church and State forever septa
rate and distinct, but each free within their proper
spheres, r.nd that all church property shall be t
Its own projiornoti of taxation.
Fourth- Iii1 ve otil licensed Immorallly. snch as
pokgamy and the lmportaUou of women for Ille
gitimate purposes.
To recur again to the Centennial, ft would 8ni
as though now, as we were aliom to tiegin Ihe see
end cetittirv ol ttr national existence, would be -most
fitting time for these reforms.
Fifth -Kna;t such lawsastflll insure a nec3r
return to a sound titrreocy, such a trill command
the respect of the world.
Relieving that these views w ill enrnmerd them
selves toagre.it majority of the right-! hb.klng and
i atriolk-, citizens of the United States. I MibTnlt thu
rest to Congress. (Signed) U. S. Uhaxt.
EXFC't'TivE M ansio, lcc. 7. 1X75
THE H0RR0R0F THE DAY.
The German Kiratarr Ientehlan4 Txxift-M-re
ol l'rile I'rlish-'J he Mated,
the MiMMiiiit sail Ihe Itr.ml.
I.ONiiON-, Dee. 7. Lloyd's ager.f, of
Rochester, reports tJtis morning that a
boat lias come a-diore in that vicinity from
the steamer IHitclilanl from Bremen,
Dec. 4th, for New York. The boat con
tained one live man and the dead bodies
ot two others. The man leports that tlie
Deutchland is aground fn the Xorth Sea.
The men fierished Irom exposure, having
been in the boat 3-i houra. August, the
man who arrived in the boat, reports that
the steamer struck on a sand bank in the
Xorth Sea and he believes she is totally
lost, with all her passengers ant crew.
They nnmhered I'M. One boat left the
ship before that occupied by August and
his companions. The fate of the boat la
tit, known. The name of one of the men
w ho diet! in August's boat, is Forssmisteiii.
(.'apt. Brieketistein and part of the pas
sengers and crew of the steamship Deutcb
liiiid have just landed at Harwich. It is
supposed about 50 ot the passengers and
crew were drowned. The iJetitehland is
now on Long Sands, stiil further towards
Essex shore than Kentish Knock. Two
ttig-t and a life boat have proceeded to the
R-enc of the disaster. Kentish Sands are
tew miles off the month of the Thames.
Agents ot the North German T.loydg S.
S. C o. state that the steamer DctrteMwJ -
bad two first cabin, 24 second class and 87
steerage passengers.
The commander of the British man-of-war
Pentelope telegraphs from Harwick
to the Admiralty that 150 lives were lot.
'i he remainder of the passengers and crew
have latuJeJ a( ilarwick, where they arc
underthe care of tbe German Consul.
Quartermaster August in his statement
says the name of tbe Captain ot the
Dt-ufchland is Busius. The fcteamer left
Bremen .Sunday morning and struck the
knock Sunday evening. .Every effort was
made to get her off but in vain. The sea
wa-hed over the ship carrying away much
of her gear. The Captain kept very cool.
imuieasately after the ship struck he or
dered the life-belts to be distiibntetl
among the prssengers and crew. Tlie next
morning, as it was thought the ship was
about to break up, an order was given to
lower the boats. August and two seamen
were detailed to man one of the boats,
which capsized twice in lowering. iVJten
she righted they drifted away from the
ship. They tried to pull back but could
not. A lieavy snowstorm prevailed and
the weather was piercing cold. I1U two
comtjanious fierished from exposure.
Augut says the crew and passengers num
bered 137. When be last saw tlie steamer
endeavors were being made to launch all
the boats.
The Dcntchland passengers reported
missing so far are J. Grossman, first cabin;
Lndwig Uermann, Maria Sorster, Emil
Hock. Bertha Fundling. five nuns, Tro
coopi Badolkoffand G. Fundgraen. second
cabin.
The Iteu'schland fired rockets all day
Monday and until Tuesday iroining, and
although they were seen from Harwich it.
was impracticable to send assistance nntil ,.
the giie moderated. At 4 o'clock this"
morning the tug Liverpool brought in 51
persons, including all the officers except
the fourth. One child died on board tlie
tug. Tlie number of bodies In the steam
er's cabin was 50, and others are probably
in boat whith are missing. So far, only
about 54 are known to be saved. Breck,
the quartermaster, is apparently dving.bis
swollen, blackened appearance indicating
frost bite. His narrative was given with
great difficulty. He said his boat was at
tached to the ship by a rope, whfth broke
and the boat fell off to leeward. There
being no oars, it was impossible to return,
so a sail was rigged, and the boat drove
before the wind all day and the following
night. A steerage passenger named Fern
steion, being lightly clad and without
hoes and stockings, soon died and the sea
men shortly after. At five o'clock this
morning the boat was perceived by an ar
tilleryman on duty at Fort Sheeriiess, and
Breck was rescued. Tiie Captain sayi
signals were answered from the light ves
sels and the coast guard stationed 'at Har
wich, during Monday evening, but owing
to the fierceness ef the gale it was impos
sible to send assistance. No life boat was
to be had, and none other could live.
Later.
The scenes tit the wreck on the arrival
of tlie tug defy description. Strong men,
women aud children were clinging to the
rigging, from which mai.y had been wash
ed away. Suoie were in' their last strug
gles. In the cabin were seen tlie corpses
of ladies aud children just as they had re
tired. One hundred and forty persons
were .taken off by the tug. scant ot clotli
ing. Arriving at Harwich the survivors
were taken charge of by tlie German Con
sul, Oliver John VVtlliams, who provided
them with food, clothing, lodging and
rest after so many hours of exposure to
the most severe "frost experienced this
present winter. According to Llovds, tlie
Detitscbland had 2-first, 24 second-class
and 97 steerage passengers, and a crew of
75, but others say more.
4 onilssloner or Indian AfT.iln.
Washington. Deo. S. John Q. Smith,
es-tnember ot Congress, from Ohio, was
to-day appointed Commissioner of Indian
Affairs.
VeuezcK-I Pars t'p.
It appears from diplomatic correspond
ence accompanying the President's Mes
sage that in July last the Venezuelan Gov
ernment paid the American Minister .2,
300 sterling, "being the funds deposited for
the United States claimants, under the
awards of the mixed commission, and of
fers monthly payments in future.
VERY LATEST NEWS.
Search for the Im Angele.
Sax Fkancix. Dec. 9. Goodalf. Xel
son & Perkins have ordered the steamt r
Gtpsey to cruise north in search of the
steamer Los Angeles. The greatest anxi
ety prevails here, and the belief is gain
ing ground that she went down in the late
gale with all on board.
Accounts are conflicting as to the condi
tion of the' steamer. Her owners and
others state that she is sound and sea
worthy: while others, professing to be
well informed, assert that she was in no
condition to encounter severe weather.
IX I.IS',
Among the late improvements at Brownsville,
the '-Principia Institute," of Prof. BwJiop,
merits notice. The building, 70 by 28 feet, well
finished; np for school purposes, occupies a cen
tral position, and the Professor, by instituting
thorough training, both in the studies and de
portment, receives the confidence and patron
age of the discerning, both seies being admitted
on equal teims. The Brownsville Woolen Mill
Company are running the factory 'on Oregon
wool, employing about thirty operatives, of both
sexes, but no Chinamen. They turn out very
fine four point white and grey blankets, and
lower grades, full line of flannels of various
patterns, and heavy cloths for business suits
The Company are shipping a portion of the pro
duct of the mill to San Francisco, beside that
used for the Oregon market. This Company
also have jnst completed their new store 70 by
50 feet, comprising one of the finest store rooms
with the prettiest counters in the county.
A new hotel 60x24, two stories, Kirk fc
Hume's large store of general merchandise
drug store, tin and stove store, with card print
ing attachment, furniture, harness shop, a cus
tom and merchant flouring mill, tannery, three
other large stores, four blacksmiths and two
wagon makers, three boot shops, millinery, foi r
churches, Masonic, Odd Fellows and Champ -ou's
Halls, four physieians, debating clur,
Christmas tree and Christmas ball at Wilson's
Hall, etc.
Iuterestlii:; Address.
Dr. Payton, Clean of the Medical Faculty of
the Willamette University, delivered the open
ing lecture at the M. E. Church ou Tuesday
night. The lecture is spoken of as of great in Br
est, not only to medical students, but to the
public generally. The public will be favored
again soon in the way of another lecture frcSS
this distinguished phvsician.