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POTTX.AJVI, OBEGON, FBEDAY, JUJNJUJ 2S, 187"T.
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xerms.
LEOTJJEE.
DELIVERED BT SR. CLEHEXCE R. LOZIEIt AT
THE ANNUAL KE-UNION OF THE NEW YORK
MEDICAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, OCT. 14, 1876.
Now and then the world is convulsed
by a violent revolution, which, for the
time being, overturns everything, and
brings with it, in addition to all the
good which is accomplished, a great
train of evils. But for the most part,
revolutions come gently and silently
"We do not know that the thing is being
done until we are enabled to look back
and perceive that it is done. The pro
cess has been evolution, instead of revo
Iution. So it bas been with woman's
introduction into the literary and scien
tific pursuits. Through all the ages ex
ceptional women have been poets, ar
tists, historians, and authors. The
healing art bas largely been practiced
by women, especially that of midwifery,
until the last few hundred years, when
the profession and practice of medicine,
and even midwifery in this country,
fell into the hands of men. If we look
back only for thirty years, we shall re
alize that it is in our own generation
that women have obtained a recognized
and a thoroughly respected place in the
literary and scientific world. The term
"blue-stocking," applied to learned
women, did not loose its sting until a
very recent period; and it was more
than hinted, and truly so, that our lit
erary women bad often ink-blacked fin
gers and undressed hair, untidy houses,
etc. "When from diligent labor money
returns came in, these small delin
queoces soon corrected themselves. To
day the novelists In England and Amer
ica can be told off, considering not only
numbers but excellence, a woman for a
man, a man for a woman, through the
whole list, while George-Eliot, a man
In name and a woman in nature, stands
supreme over all. Almost every news
paper of note bas a woman on its staff,
while correspondents and reporters of
the same sex are like the daisies of the
field for multitude. In the study and
practice of medicine women have dis
bersed the many fears of their friends,
in consequence of enlarged knowledge.
Their own health, and that of their
families, bas been better cared for, and
much useful hygienic knowledge im
parted to their female patients. Thirty
years ago there was not a dozen thor
oughly educated women in medicine in
the world. I mean those holding de
grees from any lawful medical college.
And to-day they are to be found in most
of the large cities of civilization, and in
most of our missionary stations we have
women physicians. Some of the largest
and best schools of medicine in our own
country admit women to all their lec
tures, and confer equal degrees to merit,
regardless of sex. The Czar of Bussia
bas opened every institution of learning
equally to men aud women. No hu
man being should be hindered In earn
ing an honest living for want of knowl
edge. It is well known that I believe in the
co-education of the sexes. But ail can
not see as I do. Therefore, I am happy
to labor as best I may in the medical
education of my sex. Surely the need
of women for intelligent medical atten
tion from physicians of their own sex
bas been long felt and acknowledged by
the best men of the profession.
The fields of literature and medicine
are conquered for women. There are no
longer bars or obstructions of anj sig
nificance in the way. A woman who
has anything to say or do is privi
leged to say or do it, and if her saying
and doing fills a demand of the world's
need, in due time it will find recognition.
Nevertheless, there are women, num
bers of them, who think that they are
hindered or prevented in some way by
the disabilities of sex from winning
wealth and renown in these fields,
They would have us believe that be
cause they are women men delight to
place every obstacle in their way. They
also tell us that because they are wives
and mothers they have neither time nor
opportunity. What folly I Have not
our best .women writers and doctors
been, most of them, wives and mothers?
And are not men doctors and writers.
most of them, husbands and fathers?
If they are not, they should be. They
should be, if they would gain the dear
est, truest perceptions of humau needs
and human affairs, so that tbey shall
become qualified to speak words of wis
dom and sympathize most fnlly with
their sorrowing, suffering fellow-crea-
tnres. A class of celebate doctors and
writers is no more to be desired than
- celebate priesthood.
I find it difficult to say what I have to
say, especially to women, since, as I be
fore remarked, I believe in the co-edu
cation of the sexes. What is desirable
for a man to learn is equally desirable
for woman. That course of training for
the development of mind and heart,
which seems especially necessary for a
woman, will not come amiss for a man
It Is said there is a great deal of human
nature In both men and women. It is
well, I admit, to dissuade either men or
women from a literary or scientific ca
reer who expect to find any play when
tbey adopt either. The life of a profes
sor, practical writer, teacher,-or doctor
or surgeon, is one of bona fide drudgery.
No vacation, for wherever you visit or
sojourn your need is felt, and the peopl
demand all that yonr inspiration of soul
and strength of nerve and muscle Is able
to give. That is, if a living is to be
b.onestly earned, a pleasure ride or walk,
a matinee or sensational story, must be
given up when duty calls. Men and
women should find ample time for per-,
sonal care of their own health and that
of their families. But outside of these,
much that is prized by others must be
dispensed with. We are expected, also,
to know something of the topics of the
day. A doctor who knows nothingout
side the especial profession, of art, the
ology, social reforms, political economy,
domestic economy, and general history
of the world, and the important sub
jects which are eliciting the attention of
the intelligent minds of the age, will be
judged very far below par, since these
subjects are brought down to such a de
gree of practicality that we can express
no opinion on apparently the most in
different topic that it is not nearly re
lated to some one of them. Huxley,
Darwin, Tindall, Herbert, Spencer,
Agassiz, "Washington Irving, Draper,
Bancroft, George Eliot, George Sand,
Margaret Fuller, Mrs. Stowe, and writ
ers of interest to maukind, should claim
attention, besides our ordinary medical
especial studies. One quiet half-hour
each day properly spent in literary read
ing will prepare us to understand and
converse intelligently with our patients
and friends on various topics, thus pre
venting that narrowing of mind which
our constant groove for thought endan
gers. But above all things, let us not
fritter away useful moments in idle gos
8i p or superfluous dress.
While we should most thoroughly
pursue the study and practice of our
chosen science, let us not become
dwarfed and distorted, either physically,
mentally, or morally. The easy facili
ties of travel, the interchange of com
merce, the commingling of all peoples
and nationalities, should broaden our
sympathies as it instructs our intelli
gence. The laws of life and health, hy
gienic dress, varieties of food and its
manner of cooking, and the results of
climate, properties and the temperature
of the atmosphere, the best modes of
securing an abundant supply of pure air
and pure water, comfort aud safety of
dwelling-houses and home surround
ings should also receive our atten
tion. We can do much to teach mothers
in our tenement-houses. I have found,
even when they had the facilities for
ventilation and sunlight, that few know
their importance the way to use them.
Oh I many, many times I find the little
children suffering for want of mother's
knowledge more than for want of drugs;
those not so poor as ignorant feeding
their little ones on under-cooked animal
food, unripe or stale fruits, fresh, fer
mented, and often sour bread. The
amount ot raw beef, mutton, veal, and
nam eaten in this city by the poorer
classes is sapping their life blood, im
pregnating it with anlmalcula and dis
ease. The first thing a truly wise man
or woman should seek is perfect health,
holiness of heart and holiness of body,
or wholeness of body, to be perfect in
thatwhich is at least as a stepping-stone
to perfection of that which is greater.
No city with dirty streets and foul gut
ters and faulty sewerage can be justly
called a religious city, although a church
edifice stands on every corner, and the
air of each Sabbath morning is tremu
lous with church-going bells. Pure,
healthy, happy homes (if such could be)
on one side of the street and hovels on
the other, is only one way of bringing
heaven and hell within sight of each
other lust and liquor, drunkenness and
crime, poverty and dirt, damp, unventi
iated, overcrowded teuements, and bodies
that know no bath. Surely there is work
enough here for us all to do. We do not
expect to make all men and women
scientific physicians or theoretically
wise. The time of mortal life is too
brief. But we expect our learned sclen-
tists and women dootors to become pbll-
anthropic enough,. as they carry the
balm of healing, to do all possible in
their power to instrnct the common
people how to remove the available
causes of disease, and to submit Intelli
gently to reasonable taxes for city 1m
provements. Knowledge is the only
earthly power that can rescue the bu
man race from sickness, pauperism, and
crime, and lift it up to a higher, purer,
happier life. Education is the differ
ence between weakness and strength
coarseuess and refinement, degradation
and nobleness, barbarism aud civiliza
tion, between the demoniac and God
like In tbebuman.
Ladies and gentlemen of the faculty,
allow me a few words of pleasant greet
ing as we meet from year to year in
these halls of learning, having grown
oiuer anu more experienced. Jbet us
hope that our teachings may become
more broad and deep and clear, inspired
by renewed zeal and energy. Missiona
ries of Him who, in the beginning,
said, "Let there be light," and there
was light, and to you ladles of our for
mer classes who still continue with us,
and to those who are just entering, we
would extend a most cordial welcome,
Our trustees and patrons manifest
more than unusual interest,vand if fail
ure to insure the most complete success
occurs to this class, the blame will not
lie at their doors.
uon't talk about yourself. SSo one
wants to hear of your success or defeat,
your Joys or trials, except the few tried
friends who use really interested in
whatever concerns you.
True conversation is an exchange of
lueaa, not a lecture or an essay.
GLIMPSES OP SOUTHERN TRAVEL.
The balmy air and cool surging of the
waters decoyed us from the monotony of
our hotel life, and coaxed us out on a
sailing expedition. Sailing close to the
bar, we drew our little boat ashore, and
walked across to seo old ocean; but she
as in one of her dashing moods, and
only kissed lightly the smooth white
sand which formed her boundaries. Still
the soft sound of the foamy ripples, as
they chased one another along the
shore, had in them just enough of the
breaker's roar" to let you know it was
only the quiet of the day they too were
feeling, and that a touch from the
March winds, to which we had so
gladly bade good-bye, could lash them
into fury, and make that peaceful scene
one of grandeur.
While sailing, a shark swiftly passed
us, that is, I was tola it was a shark, ior
11 that I perceived was one slivered fin
just above the surface of the water.
The little town looked so quaint as we
pproacbed it, and the old fort, with the
rays of the setting sun gilding its many
turrets, stood out firm against the hori
zon, and lazily resting upon its broad
walls were many of the Indians garri
soned there, luxuriating, as were we, in
the beauty of the day.
And never before have I breathed
such delicious air as greets one here; it
makes one feel that just to exist is hap
piness, for one seems fairly to drink in
the "elixer" of life. It is not strange it
is a place of resort, for besides its
lovely climate, it has so many other at
tractionsgunning and fishing, boating
and bathing, and flowers always bloom
ing. For consumptives 'tis truly an
earthly paradise, and many of those
who came here years ago to die, are still
living and comfortably well.
The only drawback to the place is the
hotels, or, rather, the hotel tables. No
tempting early vegetables or fruits are
daintily placed before one, giving pleas-
re to the.eye, and tempting the deli
cate appetite of the invalid, and of the
strong and well; for this is not a place
resorted to alone by those longing to
ease the last few hours of life's journey,
for by far the greater number of guests
are those upon whom Dame Fortune
has showered her most lavish gifts.
Those who, with buoyant health and
with wealth at command, can fly from
the chilling blasts of winter to those fa
vored spots where "snow and frost, ice
and hail" seem figments .of the brain.
And then again, when warned by the
migration of the feathered flocks, that
summer, with its sultry nights, heavy
with the incessant hum of insect life is
stealthily approaching, can depart, and
find rest in those regions that are for
ever fanned by the cool breezes of the
North. To such favored mortals life
must seem a perpetual springtime of
existence.
The only strawberries we have tasted
(aud those were delicious) were some
M purchased from a farmer, who
stopped in front of the hotel with about
an hundred quarts. And it was amus
ing to see how quickly they disappeared,
for in less than five minutes all were
purchased by the hotel guests, who were
famishing for a taste of something be
sides canued fruits and vegetables.
The orange, the one fruit with which
the proprietors are lavish, and 'tis
strange, for the price is exorbitant,
counterbalances iu a measure the depri
vations of other fruits; for they are so
fresh, so juicy, so unlike the orange
north, that one and all seem fairly to
luxuriate in them. And the beautiful
trees ever budding, ever bearing, filling
the air with their fragrance, and strew
ing the paths with their blossoms.
makes a ramble in the orange groves
something perfectly enchanting.
We are again in Savannah, having
left St. Augustine on Tuesday, taking
the short car ride to Toclo, and then the
boat sail upon the St. John, which is
truly a beautiful river, with its waters
so broad and so blue, and Its banks
lined with Florida's noted orange
groves, the branches of the trees bend
ing beneath their weight of golden frui
far over the water's edge. Pointed out
to us was a grove sold the previous year
for seventy thousand dollars, and from
which the owner had already realized
the sum of twenty thousand, the trees
yielding so abundantly.
We also passed the plantation owned
by Harriet Beecber Stowe, and the sit
uation was so beautiful that it did not
seem strange that she chose it for her
winter's home.
At Jacksonville we only remained one
day, and though the place does not
compare with St. Augustine, excepting
in its magnificent trees and fine hotels,
still I could have remained there quit
contentedly for some time; but M-
who is weary of Southern travel, and
Impatient to return, entirely changed
our homeward journeying, and decided
to take us back by the shortest route,
We therefore have been obliged to
forego the pleasure of seeing many
places we had hoped to visit, and are
spending again another dismal Sunday
in Savannah, instead of being far on our
journey toward the Mississippi, where.
in some quiet inland town, we might
have escaped the storm that Is raging
along the Atlantic coast. Our trunks
all strapped and packed, show that early
to-morrow morning, In spite of win
and rain, we are to continue journeying
northward.
True Bravery.
A verv nrettv. rosy little girl, perhaps
seventeen years of age, called inlast
eveniug and asked to see Ida. Now,
Sissy was climbing about in the hay
mows bunting eggs, auu a kubw uiut
whnn she turned out for a general search
she never came back in less thau an
hour, so I told the girl to sit down and
look over the late papers, and wait for
her. She told me her errand; she had
oined a literary society, ana the cbll
Irenwere so nolsv at home that she
could not write her own performances,
and wanted Ida to write one for her.
I spoke commendatory words, and
told her I hoped she would be a good
member and attend their weekly meet
ings punctually, and never answer "un
prepared." She told me she worked out by the
week. I pitied the girl, pretty and rosy
od neat, and I inquiied about her edu
cation. She said she could read, write,
nd had studied grammar, geography,
and arithmetic nothing more. I sug
gested that two years at the village
academy might fit her for a teacher, if
she studied dilligently; then I looked
up and saw, by her sad lace, that my ill
advised words had hurt her. Oh, her
face was so full of sadness and pain, as
she replied: "Mother could not spare
the means, ana 1 could not spare tue
time; we are too poor!"
"I wish you could." said I; "but,
Mary, understand me; I do not say this
because I think a teacher is any better
than the good, brave, little woman who
makes the whole house cheery, from at
tic to cellar, with her light step and her
caroling song. Oh, no! It was because
1 knew you would appreciate aud use a
good education in a way that others
would be reached and benefited. You
are a brave little body, in this day,
when nearly every poor, ignorant up
start of a girl is setting herself up for a
teacher, you modestly aud honestly go
about your kitchen duties frankly aud
nassumlngly, dignifying and enno
bling them. If you were a teacher and
wrought In this spirit, your influence
would be excellent. The cause needs
atural women, Instead of shams; true,
positive, earnest, enthusiastic women,
instead of the made-up, silly, frivolous,
superficial, pink-and-white dolls, who
are afraid of the truth, 'mere are so
many girls thrusting themselves into
the position of teachers who have none
of the requisttequalifications. The pro
fessor at the village academy is one of
our county school examiners. On ex
amination days he does not return home
ntil near bed-time. He is aquiet man,
and would rather go to bed without ills
supper than be any trouble to his laud-
ady. ivnowiug tnis, i generally nave
i cup of hot tea ready when he comes
along; it is only kind and neighborly,
and is a faint expression of mygratitude
to him for his kindness to the little
Pottses duriug their sojourn of years
under ills excellent teaching. Well,
while he is sipping his tea iu the din
ing-room, I slip off with the lists of
questions tiiat tue applicants nave been
busy over all day. These slips or paper
tell tales on the superficially educated
girls who would sniff up their noses at
poor, homely Pipsey Potts in her old
fashioned calash bonnet, Bay State
shawl, and allipack the worse of the
wear, very many or tnese applicants
for a teacher's certificate spell all the
States of the Union beginning without
a capital letter; many of them begin
every line with a capital, as though
tney were writing poetry, and do other
things accordingly. iNow, this is all
well enough, until one has the audacity
to expect a certificate, then it is wrong,
shameful, showing the applicant to be
wonueriuiiy puiieu up witu tue coarsest
seir-couceit. Honesty or soul and pur
ity of purpose are lacking principal
much needed. Better far. little Mary,"
I said, "that you be a good house-keeper
than a poor teacher; belter to know how
to make a good loaf of bread than to
wreak agonizing music out of a a dis
tressed piano; better to be honest than
a deceiver." J-Vpsey Potts.
Women as Hotel Clerks. The fol
lowing is extracted from an interesting
sketch by B. G. White, in the May
Galaxy, upon English women: "Not
only hi politics, but in business, the
English women appear much more
prominently man tney do iu America.
If they do not keep hotels, which they
sometimes do, they manage them,
whether they are great or small. The
place which in America is filled by the
exquisite, fcwful, and imperturable be
lug, tue notel clerk, is rilled invariably
iu England by a woman, so, at least, I
always found it, and I found the change
a very happy one. To be met by the
cheery, pleasant faces of those bright,
well-mannered women, to be spoken to
as it you were a Human being, wuom,
iu consideration of what you are to pay,
it was a pleasure to makeascomfortable
as possible, instead of being treated with
lofty condescension, or, at least, with
serene lnuiuerence, was a pleasant sen
satiou. Dressed iu black serge or al
paca, they affected no floating airs, and
directed and obeyed promptly and
quietly. And yet their womanhood con
stantly appeared in tbelr manners and
in their thoughtfulness for the comfort
ot those who were in their care."
The Boston correspondent of the Phi
adelphla Press, In her article on the de
feat or Woman Suffrage in JUassachus
etts, said : "After the Free Masons and
Odd Fellows have captured nearly all
the men in tbelr congregation, It is si in
ply suicidal for the ministers to snub
the women who keep their prayer meet
ings and 'sociables' alive, and on whose
'caudle-lectures' they depend for nay
ment of their salaries. Yet this is pre
cisely the position or tue orthodox Con
gregatlonal clergy."
Various and unceasing are the advan
tages of advertising. A Doctor of DI
vinity iu Bichmond, Virginia, sought
place for a lady friend as a teacher,
commending Her good points highly,
An old North Carolinian, wealthy
withal, read the advertisement. JJ
wanted no teacher, but did want a wife
badlv. The Doctors recommendatlo
just filled the bill. He went straight to
.Richmond, courted tne lady, and they
were receutly married.
The Argonaut asks these pertinent
questions: "Will somebody be kind
enough to explain where we are drifting
to, and where we are likely to bring up?
Where is this thing going to end? We
can't all live by swindling each other
we cannot all steal ourselves rich. Wu
are going to be poor? Who are going
to keep the prisons when we all get
into them?"
Russian Peasants.
Previous to the emancipation of the
serfs in Bussia the peasants of that
country occupied a peculiar position.
Uulike the slave system as it was for
merly in the United Slates, the serf
could not be sold, except with the estate
to which he belonged. They might
change masters, but could not be torn
from their connections or birth-place.
One-sixth of the whole peasantry of
Bussia, amounting to six or seven mill
ions, belonged to the crown. They In
habited the imperial demesne aud paid
annual tax. in particular districts
many were enfranchised and became
burghers and merchants. The rest of
the serfs belonged to the nobles, and
were the absolute property, and subject
to the control, of their masters as much
as the cattle on their estates. Some of
the seigneurs possessed from seventy to
more than a hundred thousand serfs.
ud their wealth depended upon the
successful management of these small
armies of laborers. It was occasionally
the custom to send the more intelligent
of these workmen to St. Petersburg or
Moscow to learn some handicraft, and
tnen employ them on the estate. In
other cases these skilled laborers would
be allowed to exercise their own trade
on their own account In consideration
of an annual sum paid to their masters.
is was not unusual ror a master to give
a serf a passport under which lie was
protected iu any part of Bussia. Through
this passport he was enabled to settle
n any city and encase in anv trade.
Thus it occasionally happened that, un
der such circumstances, an intelligent
sen would accumulate a sura sufficient
to ransom himself and his family.
The Bussian serf was obliged to work
for his master but three days in the
week. The other three lie might work
for himself on a portion of laud assigued
to him by law on his master's estate.
He was neverobliged to work on a Sun
day, aud every saint's day or fete day of
tne uiiurcn was allowed mm for a noli-
lay. This might be supposed to have
given him an opportunity of elevating
nis character auu condition. 5ut such
was not the case. Whether the neces
sary Intelligence was wanting, or
whether the condition of bondage
crushed all spirit of enterprise, in most
cases tue sen labored grudgingly .for his
master, or else earned barely enough to
supply himself aud his family with the
rudest necessaries of life and pay his
annual tax. A few rose above their
condition, but millions labored like
beasts of burden, content with bread to
put in their mouths, and nevertbinking
i ireeuom.
It was from thisgreat body of enslaved
meu that Bussia formerly recruited her
mmense army, or, in case of an inva
ilon, raised in a moment a vast bodv of
soldiers. Every person in the empire
entitled to hold land was known to the
governmeut, as well 'as the number of
peasants upon his estate. Upon receiv-
ng an imperial order to that effect, the
numbers required by levy were marched
forthwith to the appointed snot. It
might be supposed that meu treated in
this manner would have made bad sol
diers. They owned no rod of land in
the whole country: thev lived under a.
yoke, and had not a siugle Incentive to
patriotism. j,veu ttie rocks, rivers, aud
mountains.- that at least lusnire lonnl
attachments, were wanting; their ouly
surrounding iu the way of landscape be-
iug immense level plains interrupted
uy wuii-uuuuieu loresis.
.Nevertheless, the fact remains that
the Bussiau seifs rarelv if ever failed to
exniuir.au unbounded love for the head
of the system of oppression uuder which
tney groaned, it seemed a habit of
their minds to regard the emperor as a
protector against the oppression of their
immediate masters, To whatever cause
it may be ascribed, whetherinabilltv to
estimate tue value or any change in
tueir conuiuon. or a reeiinir or actual
love ior tue sou upon which thev were
born, all history agrees that during the
invasion of Napoleon the serfs of Bus
sia presented a noble spectacle. The
sentiment of the whole country was
arouseu, anu tne spirit or devotion
which animated the corps of ten thous
and in the north extended to the utmost
bonds of the empire. Thev received or
ders to march from St. Petersburg to
meet the advance of the French armv.
The emperor reviewed them, and is said
to nave snea tears at tbelr deuarture.
Arrived at the place appointed, the story
is told that Witgeustein, the General iu
command, thought it wise to fall back
to a certain point. The proposition was
maueto uiesens; out tney replied: "No;
the last promise we made the emneror.
our father, was that we would never flv
oeiore tue enemy, ami we will keep our
word." Eight thousand of them died
on the spot, and the suirit which ani-
mateu tuem nrea tne sens throughout
the whole empire. Certainly no greater
display of patriotism is recorded in the
annals or Ureek aud Koman history,
ai present tne peasantry or Kussia are
in somewhat that chaotic condition
which usually follows any great change
of circumstances. Duriug the time of
tue emancipation, peasants and masters
both indulged in the most immoderate
expectations. The serf looked forward
to freedom with the enthusiasm of any
being capable of reason, and the mas
ters thought that Russia bad entered
upon a new era of progress. Unhappily
tuese expectations nave not been real
ized, and the great majority of educated
Bussiaus are at present sufferiug from
tne etrect or shattered delusions. An
parently the peasant has not imnroved
uuder the influences of freedom, aud
observers are greatly puzzled to discover
now lar his condition is bettered by re-
llei irom oonuage.
If the serfs had a great many ill-de
fined obligations to fulfill, such as the
carting or tne master's gram to market
the supplying blm with eggs, chickens,
home-made linen, and the like, they
bad also a great many ill-defined priv
ileges. They grazed their cattle during
a part or the year on tne manor land
tbey received fire-wood, and occasion
ally logs for repairing their huts. Some
times the proprietor lent or gave them
a horse or cow when they had been vis
ited by the cattle plague or the horse
stealer, and iu times of famine tbey
could look to tueir master ior support
All this bas now come to an end. Tlieii
burdens and their privileges have been
swept away together, and been replaced
by clearly defined, unbending, unelastic
legal relations.
Mr. Stephens, the well-known Amer
ican traveler, wlio wrote a very inter
esting volume upon Bussia in the days
of serfdom, tells a story of one of these
inoujiks who acquired a large fortune
at Moscow. He still remained a slave.
however, and his master's price for bis
freedom bad advanced so much with bis
growing wealth that the poor serf, un
able to bring himself to part with his
hard earnings, still lived on, rolling iu
wealth, with a collar round his npnk.
struB-irlinir with the inborn snlrlr. nf frpp-
dom, and hesitating whether to die a
oeggar or a siave. Harpers weekly.
Vanity of Men.
The late Harriet Martineau offsets, in
her autobiography, the vanity of men
against the vanity of women. She says
that duringa visit to Loudon, where she
saw tb6 first men of the nation, she saw
exhibitions of vanity in high places
mat women could not surpass.
inero was jirouguam, wincing under
newspaper criticism, and nlaving the
fool among silly women.
There was Jeffrey, ill rung with clever
women iu long succession.
There was Bulwer on a sofa, snarkiincr
and languishing among a set of female
votaries.
There was Campbell, the poet, obtrud-
ng his sentimentalities, amid a quiver
ng apprehension of making himself
ridiculous. He darted out of our house
nd never came again, because, after
warning, he sat down iu a room full of
people (all authors, as it happened), on
low cuair 01 my old aunt's, which
went very easily on castors, and which
carried him back to the wall and re
bounded, of course making everybody
laugh. Off went poor Campbell in a
uff, and, well as I had long known
him, I never saw him again; and I was
not very sorry, for his sentimentality
was too soit, anu ms craving lor praise
too morbid to let him be an agreeable
companion.
There was Jbdwln Landseer. a friendly
and agreeable companion, but holdiug
his cheerfulness at the mercy of great
folks' graciousness to him. To see him
enter a room, curled and cravated, and
glancing around in anxiety about his
reception, could not but make a womau
wonder where among her own sex she
could find a more palpable vanity; but
then, an that was forgotten when one
was sitting on a divan with him, seeing
him play with the dog.
Then there was Whewell, grasping at
praise for universal learning omnis
cience being his foible, as Sydney Smith
said and liking female adoration.
rough as was bis nature with students,
rivals, and speculative opponents.
A Home for Every Family. Se
cure to each family, whose labor may
acquire it, a little spot of fresh earth
that it may call its own that will be
an asylum in times of adversity, from
which tne mother and the children, old
age and infancy, can still draw susten
ance and obtain protection, though mis-
iortuue may rob them or all else, and
they feel they are still free still enti
tled to walk the green earth, aud breathe
the free air of heaven, in defiance of the
potency and power of accumulating
wealth and domineering of the pretend
ing ambitious. The sacredness of that
consecrated spot will make them war
riors iu time or external strife. "These
shocks of corn," said Xenophou, "in
spire those who raised them to defend
them. Tue largest or them in the field
is a prize exhibited in the middle of the
State to crown the conquerer." Secure
Home to every family whose labor
may obtain one, against tbe weakness,
vices, or misfortunes of fathers, and you
rivet tbe affection of the child, iu years
or manhood, by a strouger boud than
any consideration that could exist. He
will remember where he gamboled in
his early youth, the stream upon whose
flowery banks he felt a mother's love.
and the green spot within that little
Homestead where sleep tbe loved and
tbe lost.
The drudgery of the school-room may
drive the schoolmistresses of England
and Wisconsin into insanity and sui
cide, but the Canadian teachers thrive
and grow fat on it. One of the big
school-boys of the Dominion asked his
teacher one night if he could escort her
home from singing-school, but she po
litely declined the offer. He neglected
his studies, ran away from school, and
put pins into his schoolmates, she
finally lost patience and gave blm a
Hogging. The boy told his father that
tbe fair one whom he had courted had
turned and whipped him. The indig
nant parent sued the teacher, and ob
tained a judgment for $3 50, which she
paid. Tue next morning sue remarked
to her scholars: "I have whipped a
booby soundly, which pleasure cost only
three dollars and a half. Now, if any
others of my scholars are inclined to
imitate him, they will have the kind
ness to step forward, receive the money
and tbe flogging, and then we will go
on with our studies. I am here to in
struct you, not to be courted." Nerv
ousness will never kill off so plucky a
schoolmistress.
Curiosities of Life. Half of
all
who are born die before seveuteen.
Only one person In 10,000 lives to ba
100 years, aud but one in 100 reaches
sixty.
The married live longer than tbe
single.
Uut or every thousand persons born,
only ninety-nve weddings take place
.Lay your linger on your pulse, and
know that at every stroke some mortal
passes to his Maker some fellow-being
crosses the river of death; and, if we
think or, it we may well wonder that it
should be bo long before our turn comes,
A Bishop's Humor. Bishop Marley
had a great deal or tue humor of swift
Once, when tbe footman was out of the
way, he ordered the coachman to fetch
some water from the well. To this tbe
coachman objected, saying that his bus
iness was to drive, not to run on er
rands. "Weil, then," said Marley,
"bring out tne coach and four, set th
pitcher inside, aud drive to the well.'
A service which was several times re
peated, to tbe great amusement of the
village.
A rare event is said to have recenth
occurred in New London, Conn., Mrs,
Edwin Messer haviug given birth to u
girl duriug last fall, and, four and a half
months later, being delivered or a per
fectly developed and healthy boy.
Students of Bussiau history state that
for several hundred years no quarter of
a century bas passed without tue annex
ation of more or less territory to Bus
siau dominions.
Conversation should be pleasant With
in annrrMitv. wltlv wIMintih nfFcrnf nHnn.
free without indecency, learned without
conceiteaness, novel without iaiaenoou
Drowned Herself.
The New York City papers report at
length, tbe story of a youug woman, of
nineteen, who had been betrayed into
marriage with a man who had another
wife living. She was born iu this coun
try, her parents being well-to-do Eng
lish people of tbe lahoriug class. Her
childhood was spent in the lower part
of tbe city, but she was carefully reared
by her parents. Her mother died when
she was seven years of age, and her
rather died a few years later, leaving
his daughter with a step-mother. When
sb.9 was fourteen years old she attracted
the attention of Mr. Miles, father of Mr.
w. H. Miles, cashier or the Sixpenny
Savings Bank, who took her iuto his
family. The girl was bright, intelli
gent, good-looking and ambitious, aud
lost no opportuulty of improving her
condition. As a result, wheu she reached
her nineteenth year she was a measur
ably accomplished young woman.
At this time she formed the acquaint
ance most unfortuuately, as it has
siuce proved of a young man named
James Abbott. He, too, was intelligent.
not devoid of personal attractions, and
apparently well-to-do in the world. The
young manmadea favorable impression
on ootu Hannan anu tier irieuus, and, as
their acquaintance progressed, stated
that he was possessed of a small amount
of property, enough for two people to
commence life with iu a modest way.
The two became engaged with the full
kuowledge aud consent of her friends.
and last September they were married.
A few days after, the little money Ab
bott had professed to have accumulated
disappeared. But the little wife cheered
him iu what be said was his loss, aud
resolved that they would yet recover it
and do even better.
Three weeks after the marriage she
made the discovery that Abbott had a
wife still living. Then began the heart
breaking and despair, which ended in
suicide. She said "she had only her
good name, and as that was gone, her
life must go, too."
James Abbott was tried in tbe Special
Sessions before Judge Gildersleeve, and
sentenced to two years in the State
prison. Here are two women, one mur-
ered and the other foully wronged, and
two years in the State prison is regarded
as adequate punishment for James Ab
bott, the guilty man who is the cause of
this misery and death.
Two things, at least, should be said of
cases like this. First, tbe woman de
ceived into such a marriage, who was
before respected and respectable, is just
as respectable after it as before, bas her
good name all the same, and will be as
truly respectable as ever, ir she contin
ues iu well-doing. No woman need
rush to suicide for such acause asdrovo
this poor girl to death, fora tendersym
patby will be felt for her by every one
who knows that, her misfortune was
not her fault.
The next thing is, that for so heinous
a crime as that committed by Abbott,
tbe punishment shall be imprisonment
at hard labor for life. All that such a
criminal could earn, over what he would
cost the State, should be paid regularly
to the women he had wrouged. Such a
sure punishment would deter others;
and tbe number of sneaking, cowardly
villains who watch for the orphan girls,
whose inexperienced and unsheltered
lives make tbem especially exposed,
will diminish just in proportion to the
magnitude of the punishment and the
risk they run. Let it ouce be established
that imprisonmeut for life with hard
work waits for such men as James Ab
bott, without the possibility of pardon,
and the girls whose father and mother
are dead will be measurably protected
by the state from the monsters who
now get so light and iuadequatea sen
tence. Ex.
The 'weathercock on the steeple of the
village church in Soudan, France, was
time-worn and rusty, and those in au
thority decided that it should be re
moved. A man clambered up the stee
ple, but just before he could reach the
weathercock he lost his balauce and slid
down for seventy feet, then rebounded
to the roof ot the church, aud was pre
cipitated to the ground without being
seriously injured. Then a man named
Chevalier strove to haul uimseir up oy
means of a rope, but at last his hands
slipped and he fell backward. His foot
caught in tue rope, auu mere tue man
remalued suspended laj reet Irom the
ground, with his head down, beating
the air with his arms, struggling to re
cover himself, aud swaying backward
aud forward with a high wind. Pierre
Pean nowstepped forth, anil volunteered
to mount to tbe rescue or Uhevaliei, out
after doiug bis best for three-quarters of
an hour he bad to descend, ills place
was taken by Moreau, who, climbing
higher than Chevalier, slipped a rope
around his body, and cutting that
which held bis foot, freed him from tbe
fearful position in which he had re
malued for three hours.
A writer in the PhrenologicalJournal,
speaking of fair and yellow-haired per
sons says: "l have inuicaieu, inciaent-
ally, the mental and moral traits wnicn
the physiognomist expects to nnd as
sociated with fair or yellow hair, when
combined with the blue eyes and fair
complexion which generally go with it.
Persons thus characterized should be
amiable in their disposition, refined iu
their tastes, highly susceptible or im
provement, and mentally active and
versatile. When, as is sometimes the
case, the fair or golden hair is accom
panied by dark eyes aud other indica
tions of an influential mixture of tbe
dark element, the character will be
correspondingly modified."
Mrs. Wm. Vauderbllt is a fortunate
lady. She has gprgeous drawing-room,
cars sent all the way from Buffalo to
Mobile just to bring her back to the
North. Her husbaud is doing a sensi
ble and kindly thing in establishing a
library and reading-room iu Albany for
the special benefit of his employes.
An exchange asks: "Are American
girls delicate ?" It depends very much
whether you offer tbem cocoanut cake
and ice cream, or a bar of soap and a
washboard.
Ten of the thirty-six crowned head9
are Catholic, two are of the Greek
Church, and twenty-four are Protestant.
An Iowa court has decided that rail
way compauies are responsible for lar
cenies committed in sleeping-cars.
The Legislature of Minnesota has re
stored capital punishment. It was abol-
ishod by the legislature of 1876.