SUPPLEMENT
I
TO
; CLltC ffM.Ot VCtJOiltiUU
Gar. Timer's Inaugural.
GtMtrtBfH sir Legiolmlief ArUy-
The people of the State of Oregon at the
last general election, as shown by your pabli
catieo, chose me Governor of the State for the
nuitig term of four years.
The convention of the party that cave me
the nomination for that important and honor
able position, adopted a platform in winch,
amenc other thing, it was declared. "That a
firaple government honestly ami fomoHocallv
aduiiutsterol, centiaed in iu, ept-rattoos to the
administration of justice awl the preservatww
of the -public peace, "was the only safeguard
.against abuse of power." That it was the
duty of tilt-State Government to maintain its
supremacy .in regard to its reserved authority:
to vindicate its jurisdiction apainst cncro&ca
menu from any fcource whatever; that taxa
tion should be equal and auiform; and tttat
rigorous laws should be euacted far the mas
ageraent and preservation of the various funds
belonging to the State.
Upon accepting the nonamatton, I cav nvy
indorsement to those pnuetfites and annwuit
the convention that if fleeted I wi uld fa'th-
ftQly sapporFtire To&sUt(Ha. Tnatin4t
nioitt and pledge I shall adhere to, and to the
bettef my ability maintain daring wy otbcavl
term.
A plain eittcen's po veraset, devoid f all
pageantry and ostentation, is ia aocordanet;
with the design of the founders of er sys
tem, and the "best adapted to oar eeaditseo of
afiairs.
Grandeur and nobility may be a necessary
conoesHiaot of royalty, bat they have no
legitimate place in our polity, and should
never gain a foothold there through aay
htretieal and peraicfoa catom.
Economy in the management of the aSurs
of government is a vital BeceritY, not so much
on aeeoant of the addttttraal harden which
prafligacy occasions, as the vice and ucmoraJ
ixatieu which reetlessaess engenders.
It was stated more than eighteen hundred
- years ago by a dtiagaisbed writer of that
. age, Tkat a waste of the pdhbjc wealth is the
xnobt lasting of public adktsonx.1 "That the
treasury which s drained by extravagance
must be refitted by crime.' That seauaxmt
," -vis true to-day; it was the atteraace of aa iw
Victabl, eternal truth. If there a a principle
"tfcaf ought to be written in every Anencaa
heart, it is that government are instituted for
the security and beoeiit of the governed.
Sueh objects can be attained only by aa bea
est and ct&csent adawaistratioB. If public
functionaries make use of thetr o&ciu pH
tions for their own aggraadiaeweat, or to
further the peculiar interests of themselves
v" and friends, it wili necessarily tend to defeat
the true design and pnrpose for which gov
ernments were organised. Under no csreum
stances should private interests be promoted
at the expense ot pshhc interests. The job
lie weal is entitled to -psramoaat oaactdera
tisn in all puttied affairs, and no goventmeat
that is founded npon correct principles wiH
bestow gratuitous favors niww the individual
members of the body politic, bat will distrib
ute its blessings and beaefets eqnally through
out the whole cetaraaiuty it will secare to
tlx mlJv-E thf on uviwnl of civil Kbcrtv bv
the adaption and enforcement of general laws,
lea vine thtm alike free to persae their own sab
stantial happiness, and entirely dependent
upon tbsir own personal exertions lor saecess.
It will sanction no sinecure positions, nor
pervert tie means entrusted to its umau-ji'
turn.
' . - It-is essential to the welfare of a State that
it have a well defined code of laws that aSord
" an adequate remedy for every avil injury and
. provide suitable and proper punishment in the
case of public offenses, and that those laws be
well and faithfully executed, and it should be
tenacious of its authority and jurisdiction. A
State vested with certain powers is obligated
to malfiiai than. It is net a mre Hceaxe to
be exercised at ditcrrtion, but the imjsitien
of a duty wfiich should be punctiliously in
formed. The dignity of a State woaM be
compromised by a fad ere to assert its rightful
authority.
Certain specified powers have been dele
gated bv the Censtitation of the United
States, "and reserved to the States,
those not so delegated or prohibited by it to
the States respectively, or to the iile.
We should cheerfully submit to the exeretse
"on the ttart-of the United States of the dele-
. gaXed powers emnneratea in mat inrcnizscui,
and aid to the besLof our ability in maintain-
.. - ing the laws made in pursuance thereof; but
we should at the same time firmly insist upon
the right of the State to exercise the same
sovereign authority with respect to its resid
uary powers, as it would have if no such in
strument existed. These views are logical
deductions drawn from the express term of
the organic law and should be upheld, net
only because the voice of the iwople, speak-
. ... ... ,-.p
leg in their original conaiuon ana pre
served in written language, has so decreed.
but more particularly for the reason that u h-n
the bounds of authority are once passed,
power is set at large, there then is no defined
line to its exercise, but is subject to the
will and canrice of those who administer it.
Lines, angles, surface and monuments are all
obliterated. The fundamental law no longer
controls it. and the government becomes an
absolutism.
""A people," said James Madison, '-who are
so happy as to possess the inestimable blessing
of aJree .and defined constitution cannot be
too watchful against the introduction, nor too
critical in tracing tne consequences 01 new
principles and new constructions that niay re
move theland mirks of power."
A State necessarily imces various burdens
upon its people. 01 those, taxes are ordina
- ril v the most onerous and the most difficult
of adiustment The rule that all taxes tnut
.be equal and uniform was dictated by natural
justice, anil yet has never been, nor probably
ever will be effectually enforced. It can be
carried out only by including m the tax list all
the property in the State subject to taxation
,ni affixing thereto a correct valuation, such
" a result ought to be approximated as far as pos
sible; property rights are protected by law,
and no property owner should be allowed to
MA hit tirtinortionate exKense of maintam-
, . Our success in securing a uni
formity of taxation dejends very much upon
v. nmw nf tlie assessors of the various
counties, and the discretion and firmness of
thecouuty boards of equalization. W hethcr
it wHl ever be accomplished, or not, under
our mode of assessment, is not at an ceruiu.
. The value of the taxable property in the State
as shown by the assessment roll is evidently
very much less than its actual value. Iliu
might indicate a neglect of duty in making
the-asseesment, though it is m part doubtless
owing to a fault of the law. Taxation for
State purposes under the jreient system is
liable to'be imequaL Valuations are fixed in
each county by its local officers who have no
onportunity of comparing result with like
oSicersof other counties, whose opinions are
liable to be influenced uy loar imouu "
fnmr nf low estimates, and there is no super
visory authority over the subject. But it is very
doubtful whether the system can be improved
iom to remedy the ditucnity. Aowwuoara
- UH'U U1BU isUU V UVM 9 iWMFW
to give satisfactioa, and I doubt Tory much
w hetlter aa infititatioH ot that vlisractei cn
ever be rendered practicable. A L-hange of
mww ol tne pruviMoes ol tne law wvald, wu
my julnuHit, ojiorate ecnehcuUly. Tin. Leg
isUnirc at its sossieu in 1S74 iiaMod an act
hattrtttc the clause in relation to ilnlurtiu'
indtt4ne&i. It provided tliat the aaHtMur
xhoahl deduct indebtedness withm the State
to tbtameutit of one thousand dullars, and
no nioru. Ihit it failed to lxwume a lau
tlie gtouuds that it atfaawplwl t amcitd au act
1V ruteruuee to M tilM ohiv. 1 aia sauaei
that the autMonty to deduct HtdehtodM. a
lirovided lv the exitting Uw, is imxlartivt
of raiichieioas osWb. Frvqaeatly valat4r
prufierty, havwg a lived ntm cmm taxa
tion. Laatled sttea, vthn parcKal m
urt upa credit, are i14Mn taxed at all. the
assessor s valaatswti lci more tfcaM the
amount f indebtedaois. and if any taxes arr
rraliMl ea aoooaat of the priMerty tmiv laast
W ubtamed trum creditor w.fce may be mid
tag ih rcsavte parts 4 th StaU. In mm
iHstances !iciiu-a al4twliwm is rtrtA tw
and tledacte-i f iwai Um valaatM. TW dvcr
of exchaaaiBg irMiMiMKr' Htes hat lcst
4oyed Mton. la my jadswvat all taaasble
tiruftertv saaid le Mnad its faU value ia
eak. aal no Wdactwa alWnnl aoouawt (
idehtduoss. Ia aaittg iMt, acjHMt.
and ther chotes w actatxt, uxlrlttedae isaght
be pfwporly dedactvd, and dshls rfd by
mrteasosor taer apecsac change, hsmm ral or
pernal prMM(t) W the parchase pnee Uht
of, to th aatuaat rf the iwsmI vala of the
property, ought, ptrhip. to he exempted iraat
taxatioa. I also drnv ia thi cihmwUog locall
yoar epcBl ats tioa t tcahjct w nsqusr-
Mg lufttgu opiUlwss. CMupaaivf and evp
r ittua doiag Umaea sa thi-t Stata. 1 1 CMtraV
ate to the sapport of the Stat pu tmuient.
They are pmitietwl bv its Uas and tiwuM -
st UiWJUWUHHBg rtrtd The reiidsatowf uthr
States and eoantnn uV taake a haw f
ktaasag asoney ta ptwuie w ttm SlaU aU
y taxes eathe aintiaat t f4s Ma4oy4
the saiae as though tMe faads t ousted
here; the aiasaat euald be rr-ni 1 vry
easily; the rtuidsat aeaU could be twfsiroi
to gsve itetemssito ( the awmaata to the
pfxjer -ur. Bat foreign partivs agagd
ia away Lmds of bamuess ia the SaU rsiiart
be aed m tats msaasr. as 1sm-v ninli r ma
fa&4 r pTOty uhtck could be au4"tt.c
baM ot aa smkmsksi hufetca mojmacu.
exrrs and hrta?e oorpoiatM by cstmp-
ter Z4. urn cmssimiai laws a paWnhtil m
1?74. arc salijeot t th pavsnoM of ecrtasa
taxes, keas and stimp datsps. V snout
provwtoM of dsiotaat acts reUuug to iorctga
curpafatioas are tWrc coOectoiL Toey eo
braice disWreat Mbjccts. Souse of thesM have
been hold invalid M t-ru and are lassnuiaias
as a whole. It voald ptohaUy We better to
pan a aew act pridsa the teriM ad condt
tio aswa which foroiga corporation snajr
traasact hasaei m tSu. SlaK aui nmsrr as
one of tht erjaditswii the pay not oi a sasa
ia gross, or aa case tsw ba-mw tnau Kwi t
the haaasax of anoswy, thea the pajnaont of a
tax spaa the caprtal eospioyvd ia the partsca
br batsaeni as Uore sagtud.
I am awarv of the oilMcohy m soeartat a K
aad f astnble anooe of UuImv. a4 xm aa
able to rucu uad aay anoial plaa of a etna
m tenreace to toe safajaci. Lua4
nere sagceMoa. nut 1 tave sac
the wiiil out aad ialalsmjsais of voar
body, that I baWva joa wsB be able to sat-
tactoruy adjsM it.
I haidly doom it ascsiary to urge apoa
yoa the noportoooe of Hoena; the raoua
laads granted to the State sad to whsch X
becaase ftstled, apoa Ms i Ian ma sato the
Unioa. The strict. obsonuKe of saoh doty
apas the part of those intrattoi with tstrtr
aaaaageaMsst, shoald imiasre no adveosct;
they are a legttamate mhrrHsacf. a valuable
birthright, not demmded. however, as aa ah
solatc property, bat hsnited la trast for the
use and besesit of ourselves aad posterity
also. Aay waste, abase or neglect of thet
foads apoa oar vart, will most curtaamty ea
tail afMB as the merited ceo is re of thtoe'wha
come after as. They sheald be ulrainntsred
with the greatest care and protected by t-
surest aad strongest safeguards, and I ra..,
estly rtosoimLiid that yva dthgeoUy inquire
Hfto thetr maaagtswut and omidiwsn. not
ealy with a view of proridtag. if sieaiun,
for thetr better seearity. ba lor the nanmc
as well of exposing the fasthlessnots ot these
in charge, if any sch there are. who hate
been recreant to thetr trast. The la4 do
nated to the State to provide cuHese for the
lcfit of azncaHare were by the terox of
the act ander whsta they were gstea. m
teaded as the hosts of a perpetual fond for
that purpose. The proceed of the sale of the
lands granted for the ae of iched. tnarther
with tkat of the live handred Thuaoiiiil u m
graated for purposes of internal improvement,
aad the a per coat, net proceeds ol the sale of
the pahlie lands, to winch the Sute became
entitled apoa her adastMsoa mto the Untes,
with the eoMtt of Gongre. aad the other
faads speaBed ia sectsea 2, article S of the
State CoaststatioB. were rwjuirwl b- the pr
visioas of that sorties to be set spirt as a
separate, irredaable comaiun school food,
aad the jHoeeods of the sale of the seventy,
two sectsoas stipabted la the compact ;!
tween the StaU and the United Sutce, with
referenre to its term of admution, to be set
ajtart and reserved for the use and support of
a State University, has by an act of the State
Leguiatare also Leeti made a orpe4al fand
for the purpose for which they were rosrred.
I sujrpoVe all the lands granted to the StaU J
winch are here alluded to, have been selected
and a great porUoa of thesa sold. The other
lands belongHrg t the State were on led fur
certain niecsSed parpofes, with the exception
of the tMe lands, which were acquired by rac
evssion, the Stute owns them by virtae of its
sovereignty.
All the State lands when selected should le
iliod Vf to the leet advanUge, and the
proceeds strictly ap4ed to the NtrpOMts for
whieh they were made ajiplicable, They
should be sold as for ai practicable hi com
jaratirelT small jtateels and to artaal hmn
fdt settler. l)y the Constitution the Gover
nor, Secretary of State and State Treasurer
constitute a beard for the sale of seaol aad
university lands, and for the investment of
the funds among therefrom, with sch lowers
aud duties as may 1 precrile.l hy Uw, and
the legislative asnembly has, I believe, by
different enactment, devolved ujxsn the lioard
the duty of selling all the other State lands.
The mode of selling the lands of the State
and of tlie investing of the proceeds, nbould
be simple aad uniform and be attended with
as little eXenfe as )osiule.
A written application to purchase n desig
nated jiarcel or liarcelz, forwarded to the
board, accompanied with a fee sulGcient to
iay the exense of conducting the negotia
tion, wauld Miffiacnt and alike proceeding
would doubtloM answer in case of borreaiiig
and loaning the funds. W'c have several acts
upon tlie subject, but Uiey are diversified,
some of thein have opcratof emieimkly and
others are of very doubtful authority. The
sale of tlie swamp lands lias produced conflicts
of serious aud difficult character, and has re
sulted in vesting large amounts of those lands
in the hands of speculator, many of whom
arc non-residents of the State.
Tlie cstablislimeut of the La Grande land
district and creation of the office of register of
Stato lands therefor, with the owcrs sjteci
Cod in the act and authorizing the county
treasurers to loan tlie school funds in their
respective counties, in terms, at least in my
Judgment, derogate the constitutional author
ity of tlie board. It may from cx(riencc
in loaning the sehool and university funds
have bran ' found , necessary to hare local
agents of the borJ,Tifiso, tlcy should bo re-
taiard, but they ean only be cnjfuyrd 'to
etform HirniHcruI daltM. The lirrtim
ary jwer of the hoard vaunot W UkyU'
i ttur by the Uard iUrl, ur ly kiltn au
actmrut. Tuc famls -UuM U imVUl in
Mi-tire Uvkut. anla math t-autioH tier
oh1 ih honiiie thrm. a a jnnirnt buiiM
man wuaM exhibit ia the tnuwactivti of sim
ihv altMrs of Km wwM.
The swamp lands were granted to enable
the SUU) to roclawu ttoem. that was the oh
stdorattoa oi the tramter. and aaloM waived,
shoahl be faithfully parfarmod. CVtre should
aUo be observed mi the lolsoasa and sale i4
them, r- as not to select or at torn pt to sell
Umls other ttkMthoVe mdadoil vittm the
terms of the giant. Lands of a suampy
character. or which are oecastoHallj:
oversewed are not niensartly "suamp and
uyerBtfueil lands, " wtthta the intent and
taVonmg of the law; it M only those that are
tfcefrby rondsroil uask iur cultural, and
uhich resume the evatructioH at leviei or
drains to reclaim them. A ditfercM puLvv
will anavoidably lead to smhaiiaiMng vun
MscU, detnoteatal to the Mot Mtpuftaat B
terasts of tne Mate. 1 Where Wo, that the
practiee whseh has prevailed to a eraat extent.
of making appronnationi oat of tne fusnW to
arsse Iruat tne sale of cerUta nt the "tate
land, rhnald be daeoaatsnaod. warnmti(diaa
nn a faad to be noliw d at ae doamtr
futatepened. iH. hen masd. segouaril'
be grossly below par. and the httoo-, of Urn
pt lew yaar prove H. I luj-Jly thmk
that aav oi the wurraat of that ChmCMr
have been aogotsatod for snsee than 'i eehtl
on the aMIar. ami i mi as low a JU efiU
the dollar. Tne Mate ef cmmrK l--o ihm
ilsyrtcsatian. 1 ni Ui the lmta aaallo ri
to draw intonst at rosily a very high rate
per conC, aad best the food m coHerted and
they ate rwwmd, a tare partmi it h
emuaaind tor a very imsll eoninliatinn ta-4eed-
Socfc a ptnser. sa mr ettstfeu.
can be jsdy characterised a pe4it. The
Ltcmlatar sstuaht ahw take i in actson la
iiJi.iwii. to ai'otopmlsnai m farer ml perUe
who have tssled to ossa4) wsth tHe cundmuiM
afkm which they ueav made, liraat of that
character made 1
test the right m the srnatee. aad are ot-
feated Wa mere aim oalmns therewith.
Mimctinar eousvaliat to eatry tor maditnei
brukess. matt he done, la to4atite
arts oWlantic tLeattoHnt, UI W sbbYocoX
should be wwnntly ihm t. aud the rucl ce
the State over the sohiect matter aaVcted
therehy. rtetorod to it talicot esteat.
The esercse ol hpslatite aathonty ssf ap-
pfncttunr lasMta. u ha Ms zeorr&ily. to
A tatthfol oWfcaese of voor dtttr in
that portscafor is highly smpsrtimt to the gen
eral woHsee. Many himsi ieama ff
luninry aid. are is ought UtW lecsidative
both, forcsidv aad pmuesaly argod. aod to
erton. adeytid. A rsch aad i umhiai &Cate
may property racoarsy the etoJapsnt 4
its matrnal rceoareas. or isiidnmg aoi
to ontsrorsses whsch are calculated to keswttt
a very cuaiiaiiwhls y Ntnm of ta
sutY. It mar ia vsew of
we hue ros4, emmtract
e oiietriMtaim snot niiwi wita tne ns
Mssaoa of men, bat St has no rural aade
aav pretext to iaeor wtrtsrubw todltiibiab or
Wralitim at the trtomi W the nuhssc at hirer.
I'lotoisa of that ctmrirtor are aut oolyaojest
sa ihtsr atttare. but sf ramod oat. are caka-
Is tod to citolt dm ssn ami ami ea
tsoaal aasaMMHv. Aimroiitistioai. too. are
oftoa Utrmolis from fomsb that have
actual or usteasaal easteonee. aad whste they
are aeceMonlv a aalbty. yet they hove the
apptoraarc h iniirMsilnm. aad are uiuslh
sjiumol as mrh
The 1 mulilun is iismiii.il be the eoti
tatsea to pcvvnte for
to defray the cxietfos of the State fr each
aseai year, aad alto a sushi 1104 tajq to toy the
latere tste tote oeot. n taeee ie aay.
Apfotirsstsva are 1 imply the settaag apart
reca reveaae so at rtadrr it aamhcahle to
soct. peniose. Aa attempt to atmronrtxte
awjaey aot o ratted or provided in some ether
woaM or as laeuamtoat as aa sl
tempted as
it ret of ssmetasag that klit aa'
exiilonee whatever. Ioti agatast the i-tatc
may be created M eses of the amount of
retoaue promloi to desrsy them, wtthsa the
bmtt of 9Ql00(X bat. ia sack ease tie Lcrit-
hvtare M reqasrm! to levy a tax for the ca.tateg
BsosJ j ear inmcieat wsth other tourers et in
onme. to pay such debts as well at the estl
atated csmom of tevh aWal year.
The twaiUtatioa dearly liann the duty
of the leailattte ansmley apon tax Mtact,
and if its proviitusn m that restwet had beea
adhered to. a Xate debt of Wet U-MM
dotlan beyond the oaaatstutinual InMt.dravusg
antft to the amouat at I M per Msum.
woaldhaveiiuaavoidiL Theanaasl lax levied
to ctoffwv the earrent citow u( the Sll-
csanot Hotter aiir ctrritanr. I-n i
Celly Itrertod to otteer torp"e. Haloes
actooilv foawd to be In rim Utereuf.
In cu-m- the public ne-e ty huld at airr
lime rt"iatreaH i-xprmtliare nt HHHtey iur
oUectA iMt iaeltMr! aaclor the head of
"current cvHe. a speetal Ms moil be
e ir-l to the lequlretl amouat, and
the iron-le aooited anwrdiNzlv.
Ah aceamatatsoa of State iiMtebte-Jaei
cbh be ntohletl In no other way. The s
J -"'! ol a Acol tear Htay eao-ed the Ih
crt.)e of 1 bat var, tat Mtrw euotlniM-iiey it
ampiv provide! for, a befca HH-Mlnmril.
SertNHl 3. article . of toe ComtMMtlofl. lie
clareithat"iMiUx fhall lx levied except in
purKHartre el law. and every law iwiMrins
a tax Mull idate rfrHlnctly the object of the
tdHie, to which only It be applrnl."
Thm would fteem l iirectwde the ailica
tion ot ifxney raiel ly tax to any other
tHirpo than that for whieti K waolevletl.
If the IMirprse for which the tax warnietl
wore to utterly foil. H might ikuIhIiIj: 1i
apidiod toother Hiiow; but It cannot be
diverted at the mere enprteo of tho Ii;tIa-iur-,
oth'TtvUe tho Isiicu.vje or the herUrfn
Af the C'nitHiMMH qwotetl. would If lo
li verbiage ; ami act making appro; ta
Uohk In tlie form frequently eindycd,
viz : "out ot any money m the tiewturj not
dhiTwlMiaptrorlaJed."l' very Ioomi bjg
IMalloii. and is not ellet-tual so i to atirct
monicjt raiM-d by tax UHle the law linr
'ing the tax Mated that to hate U-n ttio ol
Jectof tlie Mine.
Tlie views here onggoMod might In times
of ItUral constrHrtluii tf coiotituthHial an
tiioriir, bo deemed hyiercrHlcal, and rc
gardeil by tltoM advanced In the modern
xcliool ol political prvj're, m antiqualevl
notlotiH, but there are- many who adliere to
tho opinion, that certain prluctplim nlioultl
icniain inviolate; that tliry hliould never
beoomproiiil'i'd. or suTered to Itecome ob
Mletc; who hold to Ilia lielief that tlio
Coribtltutlon of tho Government potct4
the t'lllraey now, it tiki when llrxt ratitled
lV tho projIo; that a failure to maiiilaln It
in all iu protiniont would ojK-rato dlsiv
trously at any jrlixl. And that an Infrao
tion of it tcrmt. howrver xllglit, hUouIJ
not be allowed to pawl unehallougcd.
I ho drrumstanrc of the State debt tiolitg
in fXciM ol tho constitutional limit, and
having in part Imii omitnl in direct viola
tion ol itx vxpniks mandalo 1, to mr mlinl,
very tinfortunaK'; tlin oxews iwrtiou, be
yond nil question, is abtolutcly void.
Tlie k-giilttiro asenillr lui no iouor
wliatovir to creato mi v debt or liavillticii
whicli Mingly, or In tlio apgregato with pre
vious dfbtn or UaMlltI-, exceed the umof
SjO.WO, oxrvpt lu case of war, or to ropol In
vasion, or KUpprevi insurrectloii; but the
ilelit dotibllei arlo out of cuiildtiatlon
which tlioStnto ban roct-iv-l,and which ban
undnuliKHllv been iarud with on tlio Ul'h
that It wan ilnly contracted, nnil besidex. It
would l found very dllllcult to M'tvirate
lliu void from tlio vah. I portion nf It. ruder
thu circumstance) I would lUt'iu It ndvUa-
lile to contlnuo tho policy Inaugurated at
tho last armtion, of paying It oil from the
prococtlsorilio x-clal tax then Itivird; but
In viuM' of tlio oath wo have all taken, to
support tho Constitution of tlio State, we
cauuot, after tho experience of the past,
permit the recurrence of a like condition of
sifrirn.
It a remit, in my ojhiikui. not attriUt-
h-d to an v one deuirtinviil ot the (!. rn-
lui'iit alone, or to one i-olithul Mtty; but
whether 1 am o-rn-ct Iu this orn.'t.H i
ct-rtlH, that any atteiiiiricd iihiiiIiv to as
certain the fart lor the mrrfK ol tlnrhlHK
litaiiie 10 an v ieriiin-ni. puiv or iimiivki
ui, would prove au uuprvHuble lnvintiga-
tK'll.
Jfwoavohl Ih tliefuture.thecHr whieh
has led to the cmUrmvi!iuiit. we xaall
lme -rnninwl our duly.
I dealre to call vKir altcitthtn to certala
arts of the 1-gi-Uturr. retailor to the ex
ecutive mid xlitiiHisirwtlte detsirtiiieitt of
lite .Hate. tJHe rU of those 4ett
duties umii the (iovernor. The lHistilutnM
cilH-liy Mttiiotlltlie wera ihI iltlw-
of tlit (ioteriior. aud tix hit slry. Us
itmvisioii on that sulrfeet are complete in
thellisett e. Itdoen not rwvlde,itlu the
cise of the SerreUry of Uxlt) mxl M.U
lfivturcr, that be nhall rtoriH Mhh du-
lM-aaMall u asntHeal or prrcri(l
law. 'otHHHstamliiig. tln-se nets ntu-wii-t
! ruforge his ur aiel dutie, aiol Mmr
of tlH-m pniv kle ctMHtHsli.4 tltortiwr. He
i apuiHlel ItHtl ouMtmHiier ami
rhargel w Kh iljOn rvHoertesI tto-row Kn.
He It rmiulml to vr-K tne ieolteHtltrr at
leutMotir tlWMiyeai .AIhI Is eonstMotetl oHe
I the iMiard o: eaimnlloH. I have ho
MMrliHaUoii t shirk from lt-- irforHMnc
fjiiv duiv rooiH-eH-d w Ith'lhe Mlee or to
rrtHMiaHV COHila-HsotloH I miv bv lesullv
outMlel to delm, et 1 t rr v much wwratlua
(be VaIhIK V ft Uiese arU. It Is ieMMttt4e
to MiMse that If the oott'OHUoH UmI fram
1 aiol adworl the loMstUull-m Bad lo-
ttinU-d the tlriily of auv such aetnorttv
i:--n itte strt 04 ine irg-jinn-iM-wmmy . m
- .... ... ..
pruvi-tsnH stHMlor to tne anMnmble to
the Wr M1kv reh-netl to would Wmvf
LeeH Inserted M Ihat IMMnrHtetrt.
There l a familiar hmxmm ih the larr ao-
plloil frrUHeMir IN the cHtrartnn t4
ttat-s bmI rHstiib!t-. w nsftt l lu tttr
rttWt that tile vXpiesSo ofoSMFtblMOs Use
1-XClVSfcW Of n.SM-r-- sMt U aMrMMtlte
neaath-H end I toil to nnaVrtamd whv K
' Nut apfdlrowte In ISe wrm. Tne !to-
ermir Is rotttlsred to toV.e cal e tavst the low
l- atstbtelly etnr-jle.1. s,fwi la tne dis-
rMrcr- ut tltot doty w ill uw t il v U-ty
Illel to vtoKall lrtMotloss ftal loBtd
orreffetatm uy Wn tte. jj- s, au re
(trrs to "lrBsvt all iweoxexy luo4e-s
wmt too wsaworsot vernmoi. ami muv
rtoulre laiuraiatBrtt in wruiag from 'Jf
4tort'r of tK- lmiattnMlve ami mlistarv
dVstrtmoHo He av salted refottng to
Utr tlotlon o( tnetr rrfrtite oHtc-. ' He
esMsM very pmfsrlv I oenxuatoil n Use
party to autstetunwwe rcMtfort no beoalf uC
Ike "(ate, mode m parswtstrw ol too . tost to
t-tf v ituttos iitto-r than llone rrib-!
In tne CuststMaitoa. and dislHtet theref row.
very OMiuiw.ti least.
M the other ci nf act reform! to.
of them setix lb S-f-t r v of Stole to
apfonwX an assessanc Seeretarr of s
provides bis oowtpewsisttoH. and retatres
mm to tae ami ssusenoe mm Mttt u am
ana empowers mm tn lorrwrm ami exe
rtsle all taedateof Srrtary of Mate. The
"OslMutb! nrtkfe for the eteetion of a
SMnetary f tate. and alt thedsManof that
ottee. exrrpt Iom of a nls.tsterml charee-
W must be tt f-wnvd .y him. The legrts
Utare run no more nlr mh 1 l-tknt. e th
the Bifoee and dulses ..f tse Mtnetiml. thon
M vnsr4 e.oate ot Jmlge -r aa asst-
ant liovemur.
The other arts of the Httor ritc relat to
riniral ahl altowed the Srt44fr. Tr
arer atet the ematoyment of r4wKi aht bv
the M-srl for the sale of sehead and anivee.
sv fonoS. Ity mi art paeal ha 13.
fxretary was alll aaaaallv the mm of
six hnndrea dollars for elerlral set. Ity
another act isas.ni m o he aliweed
for the same MrM an anatml sum of one
thfrnsend 4-dlers Hy an net J at the
fost swWi, the TroBsurer Is alloe4 twelve
busMtrrd dulfor aamMllv U-r rterkwl aid
in his oMtre. and the Hoard of roatMSlsnt-
ers. by an art of all'-wt-d to empto
eierasal aid generally. Jo rnristoa i
moOe for Use anf jtntmenl of a rlork fnr
etther ' those pUee. and ione mheht ever
be employed, tel the eretary aawt TitsAs-
Bnri-iiiui im- entslied to I he respeet
Itt? anwmats allowed. Ia Mselt'etent the
twetMktrHv of the arts wnold oervo to a
Ntent Ihetr wlarv . wbsrh I am b4h to le-
Ib-vewasthe mtentfon of the Iegs stare
that enacted them. I ant fnllv MtMfted
hooeter. tht ttey sfomlU l" tvj !f-d and
adeik ttkleil l.-rr-h tdsce Ms Hxed
eonrtcnstnin. The Ps-eretarv ami Hoard
at lal. sh-mM be nrovnsetl a ererk. The
TrMtsorer dolb- are ski . ea tensive, tort
Msrelarr 1 small and the Blare Is a
f-nl4e one. ami I think he should, be
author ir ed U apftM a rlerk. At all event
the orhce and eomftatkB oagnt to l
eertaln.
;t w sit ntrrely U- ex fctod of me at lhi
time to refer m detail to the meny swhji ets
eonnerted with Stole mtt ' ioveriwiint
marhlnery I elessit4 aad mudimI
eomptlr-tted. and necrssArile, txSfor' Use
management of duTerenC H !. -'iCwodM
If a most femarkause eoincelenee. there-
tnnr. if all Ms various istrt. were maifo to
ot rate In rHipt-te harnrowv . The ltvern
ment can rendered rtfeetrnvl onlr bv a
uulc-d sim I ob-rHllrl t Oort lb- leu of
those roBtsstei wrb me mtie satire, to
hoHestlr.aad follttfullv lalr for Hs fcae
In evtrv-tl'-mrtmeHt. ttoldes lt eeu-ral
lvbeu Into'etrorilinate branrfces. there ate
dittoivntajittneatron. eeh baVHUT lis ow r
I rtiliar Iitw est. and tMi!p MHpottant
rela bms to 1W bote
Its i4irr power eirtbraees a general y-
The tsle Is the lr-i t latne-. ami like a
natural laretit. nboHld ex-me a nterlnf
caie over its peo4r. Ih the illeharge of
ks fMreidal duty it should (rov4e a r.
trm f luratbHi ami supf-ly means to iW
seminale learning so thon-oghlv that It mm y
iervade every outlase ami germinate at
every hearth-stone. It should found ih-1-tutlons
for the relief, Smfrt and Hiiprove-
inrin 01 ine nioigem ami innrm. and wbtle
K should pxpeute justsre and Indgment
-upon the disobedient, the olhuild K lu-
Iltrts fkbould not li eruei or Inhuioan, but
tleslgned and ealetifctietl to reform the
guilty and deter the vie. These obll
gallon are the dl-tule of human sentl
infill, and enforced thriuigh eitiltaeil in-
Uuence. The State aeknoMletlgeit their
tending forre, rxl lias made reo
Minable advancement in carryln;
thein u'. It lis cstaMishMl cm
'men ncIiooI arxl devoted various futxl'
and aroustdt-raMe xrtSun of K revenue
to their Mipiorl; also kcIiooK for theedu
rtitlnniif the deaf mute and the Idlml. It
f$ lAt buildlnir or lands suitable for an
ii.-tne asylum, but, for a inimber of yeant
just, K has bad a continuous contract for
their care and maintenance, and noclasnof
unfortunate. In anvSitate, lias U-en more
,kinr!!y or skillfully treateI than the lisjue
or urcgon. Ttiey are comparatively' mi
mi'roua, and the tot of th.-.r support
amount. to a large um. and lmpov a
hoary burden tion tho Sute. but I nin
rnncclroof no way to avoid It. Possibly
contract more favorable to the State might
bo initio for tliclr keeping, and tlo law
ubecting their projsjrty ton charge to re
imburse the State 011 account of tbririx
xiis, bo more clearly il ilnrl ami thor
oughly executed, and ttielr rebttlre. who
are bound by law to stipimrt them, Mmuld
also be coiiifel to contribute to the ex
kmim of keeping llicui at tlio aylum.
Tho Slate ha secured appmprUte ground
and consUiicltxl good, Mitvttaiitlal build
ings and other llxtnrc for kepltig convict
prinncrn. and lia a regularly organlnl
MnltclitUry. The lonitloli wait widely
Mlectcl mid the premlseare well ml apt til
for III" purwM. A plan for utilizing con
vict labor is Ix ing hu-cio.fiilly carrifil out.
and by go d iimnngpiiient uinim the part of
those 111 charge, ll will afford an Income
xiiillclriil to ny n considerable iortloii at
leantof the pitviii cxieiisv!i. Theinvlct
generally are tieriwiii who liavo sought to
obtain a livelihood by prey. They totally
disrcganlrd the rigliU of their fellow men,
have forfeited their franchise and lllwrtv.
and provnl tliemselvt'K 1h dangerous to
tlio rommuiillyto lo xrtnltud at lurge.
The Stato I put to the cxienonf their ar
rest, detention, trial and Imprisonment, all
oecaslonctl by thoir wanton ami w Irked
conduct. L'nilcrjhuch circmnslance.-i ther
should lie subject to strict and rigid iliel
line, and never bo testored to the right nf
citizenship until they shall ha vo given Indu
bitable proofs of rcfortnatloD. They should
be roJrwI to aJr jnJuttrfously, and bo suiuiiag indvltcdnee, fnt incloding ol
gltrinrsetj,-,! Mtl(l f uUrdiiulbn. ' course Hropriatls out of special lunl
-. 'xui t.t fiiriitsbfd witli gjl, ,
en-iwoe, U4u1r .Mil b-nkl all lux
mi- . iuH.,..i., .... ... 1, ... .11.., 1 j 11.
tin. iir--:. r'. tr, ,b;v'7
year.
-iiiUiaiv w
?1 im 110 terror to evil doer.
bu Hi. old t.
t-otulueted III surf a limn-
aie dfcsrlargei irm
im-irni:iiM.iru,u xtl tnXum MK,t
tie- ivunuot be .., .. 1, iulIu...ur
an I Ha let m of fCw..M xL,.Li
1 I'll, idtlibi ft.
e-uesie. more than
TflHSHMn lor Iho dA; .... ' i -
"ov lime. nt.MMM ,w,
vsb-rre tery lna4foiiule 1, ... ,.'..,
antatmforukMtg.aml the i, IT, .
u ltMy utede tie- adVatteeLu,
woutolth better UeilHb at I
' uutet.
-n'mvMiift, tsi. may operate i.,ipJ
btllv now ogtn'zeif they are kefV
MiatrMpy WHibl be cumirtntd and Islli
Mme.tji--ts. would Xm a freot advatitnej
ms(it..R ollbal praetor stosuld nave a W
. r- 1 .r
ir H tv srefnot r-r the ttr
aiel the
rare a t-wstmly of tbem I intinwteil to
tbosei charge, (treat cuiiMukt mn
neeesflly be 'J"" m those w h oecMpy
that sttion. The tok of tntlnim; aiwt at
lendt lu Ibelr healtto and Mural mltnre
la drato osie.and Involve ftdVlitv rwl
a rrlli ese of honor. Tie ri-sfsntldl-
tty Bit profer treatment stHMtld ret
MlM.m MUelStV. Sft not eermlte-d to
be fll-d about in soeh a maHHrr that it
ranntl- uVtmilfly attochnl to auyusH-.
Tho gtsUtaie sfonld Invrstsawte the
ma Matte-nl and rnnrfoct of IW -red',
wKh aww to tmnrme their orr-tiusMioo
aiel S-b-oeV. The ex M nee ot 'Orb ln-
stiinU In name Mstip4y . wnnld be more
inpark tbn laenViol. L'bles they ran
hwve i-araeter ami statality and nMrr
the nsirt-menls f the eonsmuasty, they
had bvr be -b onittlnurd at ossre.
Ta are nsany 4her 1 nojanu w hleh I
ooutt glad to refer to full v. but kt would
nrspoi warn of voar time, and I shall
therein only Isrfcltjr Motive a fow xenoral
Tlonlmnn ftherb rooMUnte si
portalntetest to the Stote. It ha
develed but a short liner ami vet
grwwtrto an esleulte tossines A large
aovxx.f catotal r invested. Met K artnrds
eoaplment to a great saaiUr of person
Toe a penpsrul Br mrket bo l n oini
one uhe tsrtnrttatt ettrrt of the tate.
jtoa 1 imwsrtont tstrt of It mmiiuret
IncfiUMMtlfcr- of the salmon are taken
.4... I . . - - - wut
ateoer v w BhooC tar remrd to the etfnrt
It mhave on the farther sapfatv. Tbe
larotnMy Is that wnbs ome pruaentMl
resrukao ar nb-TTel. K will atfurd
amjthlUnstratbn of the eonsenrnee of
uutnbe ge ltat toys the gMea eg
The avisry of salmon in other vrV of the
L aHe Mtrs oocbt toserteaalesoato
. ere they ossre abounded 1st rrofo-
y hate entirely MKaisseared. and
nseeand ra parity will Wotatidv pro-
Itae rftect here, and the Sainton re
turn owe rivers no mora. Itogntjstsrn
nti ut-st to Mvvesst hkw a relt shoaid
be -ahd by legMattve kuthortty. and
esttort 1 y the art.
gt.tn Trmkfr r eiatltv
estttl tci (Seg in Bsatntoitiiog theAsh
enrs the l-lasnlm nter. ami. I am in-f-'tf
ho atissiMijr lefcislsted Wf-n the
sal-Jet -Kk1 aetloo f t-tolt of totb col -emust
would be adttsabie. ami If the
prv fctss of the vtaMhtBgtoa) Territory
law anlw nseet Hh tour approval. It
soli well to etsaet II n lose - tl
utvltot regulatton nssv be teblesett. t
toast thr a ataalewtsie. to tlsat foosltty
larthlleeleil ha these berW-s have.
at thr oB fIS'S'f. leosted what Is
li rmia ''hairh ry." siun tbe (la-s;asnan
rtver OoHlsbbo eouiatv. St the proM-J
zatetif the sjlsmaa. The enterprise t
vety sdsble one. ami mar retjusWe statu
torv ateeteaa. lae oiistct ol the undsrssk
ins U otot mto a deorease m the qantst r nf
naj taeeount o the oateh. ami K should rt-
anverhaeiauBa te aStorded prnerT
Tbmw (elatlSHC b road taxes ha been
tne wprrt nf eooaclatnt hy many. Ttsev
.eUHtlhot the tax hotikJ be levied to
in mi Imteml of abr. ! edfoesef at the
time cnifoctMsg county Lixe. pte into
the Ueawv and placid to the credit of the
rood strict bs which M. wo - 4 . uW
It slsld be drawn by the pervr of
the tlfsrt assd extemted for road work
tlooether urblerhks dlreetton or let hv
rootrt. I have no doubt t-ot that sue a
rton wnuld si tun swre etfeetlve means
with he-h to Improve the rrus of the
cottar than the pf eseat s.vstem. I have
awa,beltevrd.from early experteaeeaa!
stonlM, I net a rual labor sax for rr
tntrf ite puldhr hsghwayt aflT-Tds but
-ISclreveooe ; that tbe llxr obtained In
that tv r of the .poorest ami tn shift
Wfally. I thmk K 1 geaerally ander-
sbilttal those wht work Use road in
nat nut of a road Utar lax are larvnd to
shirk much as Hosible the labor. Good
rusdoowrver. aie very enthl to the
welCt of the Stale, and the attbject I
w nrt of voor tHbi ration.
tbeaipeton of the rapstol bmbltog we
are iHiut tog will uibttes.s laubjt
fvr ytr iM-blerilKn I regard X a tm-
l-rtnte that an attempt was itrnde Hi the
oatseto erect s. huge a l rat-tare. The
atse-MS f wealth ami potoiUUiHt of the
Stated not justify M. (irand publse edl-
ftee Bit at I be uie ex pene may craUly
the vdiy of a people, but they ate not ure
lad scan- ot thrist ami wirrKv, ami
thev bud verv Bnsatlfsctorv evnlerce
iodeeof honet and eeoinwufo! admluis-
IratNMof aHalr. The magniarent Im
nrver-nt made in certain eaotern eK
withMthe pjtl fowr year warrant thin in-
arreiie The quelton. neuever. 1 not
wlutt ght to have been done at tlrt. It
I whtahtfubl be done mo towanl the
rmplhm of the building. It r on hand
ami sVlenHy require imiruement to
prevelirrefatralm- Injury, ft ba et ton
large turn nf nioiiev wl? ullered to go
to tleseetbiH. or Hsatorkmv to uetertorate.
I thlnlal least a sum of moBey sbouhl l?
rar-edlMl anitrietl toward tt eomidetian
MiiHrhl to Mtt K In a condkroM of yrer-
VW4K.11
The tale library will . alo rennlre an
outlautf expense. A large amount of
monejfrom time to lime, ha len
out loie oirrna 01 lext in. ami 10 1111
out seinf rei'irls. but many of the set are
stilt b4trH ami should be eoHipleleil. Tbe
Stsle smld olitalu. as oon a possible, all
the reart 01 the varvott Mate. Tne eoon
omv oweH a nroceitHre may be doiilded
by son, but it must 'f rrmmlred tliat
there I no department of govtrninent In
wblehlie people liave .so direct ami viul
an intest a in the judrrbvl branch. Every
contraientered into U-tween ivirtle. and
every tsfnes tianvtctron i. table to t
invtsthled by the court nnd tne right o
lite nates eonm-rted therewith determined
In ace3ancc with the rule of laav. Ite-
hle'. ; State I wry often itoolf a suitor
Laws really all U10 government ne
have, id while it It the province of the
Iegilun to enort statute, yet the gnwt
lMly ithe law, which govern lliecondiiet
ot ponn In tlieir intercuiirse ami rela
tion U li each other, 1 lounu Hi the re
port tthe tlecishtn of the court in adju
diettevease. A tioveriiment like oum
w ithnutn linuest and intelligent ludlciaiv
wot! Id lie a most decided failure; and
Judgev well a lawyers. In order to be
proper? informed lijon controverted qui
tlon. ivi'lvlng civil right, must haveiic
cmi toe reort of judicial decision, a
tlievettrid In all anulogmi case. Fur
nifiinat the exiene of the State, a law
library) l kept at the capital, for the use
of tlioinlgcs of the supreme eouit, ntlor
ney. l other olllcer of the various do
sirtnitiKt I very proper and necessary,
ami a object of puulieand goneral Intur-
Cst. j
Anotlr tiwtler. which I neglected: to call
youralntlon to In Its pnvr order, 1 will
refer tiiow. That I tlio nilu of Inten-st
allow e iKn Stale warrants. They t! raw
at the 1 ''of It) ir cent. eratimiiii, alter
present ent and non txiyment. I regard
it cxrt Ive. United State Lontls mlllng
for onl i per cent. Interet (cr annum, rro
negothft I at nr. Tne Slate should surely
not alb ' mote than 0 ier ceiit at mont,
uimn it ndobtedtiesj. It crrdlt ought to
tie tlrattlavi. A three milt ttx upon the 1
dollar Anil the totnblo property In tlie
' all lu out-1
.SUdo wf a, irom cur levy, pay
xkklibH ur l-s raie iimii i kvwj ry
Htanv ol Hie muiiKlul govrn.ii.en: a: 1
M-bool diirb-i in ine niaie, regburiy 1 v
T7
. mailer irimiRZ in uie imn:ruir 1
the loud In Unt AUte treasury bo Inn
dbetos-I ronsbleiably ih th sri;i .
atrii I d-irt; to cull your llentl-a t- tl ll
I aptireherwled by inany that tbe c ILt-o l
Stale Urusurer I sought aftor u.o. '.uz
count of the opportunity It alfotd t r; -I
kU to uw; the fumto in pnvat- ; . -5
affairs, tl an t oljtam the lry - ' . J. I
tIC WlnHber there hasv real I- 3
or not for the surmise. I am not soli , .: y
Informed to exje-i a U-lit-f. l ut i c: -event
it aouW to doul-t le prinleitt t j j r r
vble In boiue namwr against tl.e ir.J
geoee of any praettee ot that clurar:tr.
Mimcr belonging to Ihe State sbotu 1 be d -inrtou
in the - -f the treasury, a J
reHm in there Hiail lesrslly dl-bure 1.
A i-ortion of tlte .ute. dunug tue !--'-
Sttiumer, h stiKered severely on j
ia ii rr I . r- i . v -.
n.iiari depre.tatHn
4. . ... . . ... I I .a. li.iMftvf M-L .t n I
tort l-wl herde hate leH dlitf nW,, !
almtMe ...ilrir b lrt-n war.V r lv (. - :
sir ovetl. ai.i v- m- rouiiii- ri r Lz--
MMiy ha -. periwtratoil ly ui - 1
NMramling. n-rite, Mvage. w'. J a! t a
me 01 iiieir Outbreak were liv,rgt.r tr
Vf tei-totn ,.f lbe I'nitrd '-- 3" 1
w.th Mb-treaty sttpofouon txisd TT
-eullar sla;Vf tbe I ndtans. ao zi.X tt
th Vnr:t .e Uw. reodeM the saie
alfltust ft ft onAeet If t:'. Z. '
rhe oxc'SK.rinwrued bv the sarrvE;
isiUrt .t-Te Vnitod S-u- to tne tisfff
orrestor v 'tj- Mate 'it lieorgia.O, t 'titr
1C that In-lltn are rttwn-. csr .5 cf
maintaining ine relattoo ot to-are i: 1 ir
mtj ruginw inisefrierii -
rwnwMKie, ;w-g lull ngtt l t e
lana they cxvupr until ihetr title u tX-3-gnbihed
by the Unttod cau.s
tbehr ennsent. and that tbe tJT'- :v
reserved att them lv treaty. a..- - 3
shin the Uelr of an ' -gar.c; 1
etmatry. i vet wMhontthe lent-! . n t:
the ncate. 1 cawstrued to exwr.-l Vj tvtY
t tty or -v en frMmenlarv trile ir.j t e
tato having oVIegated H sostr ta !.tc"-e
war. enter into treaib-s. grant it"r rf
tHarqaeand reprisal, ha an iu' 'i r. y i
the po-iMl . b-ft except It bett,i t! sc
4etn-e. K-nofMtrly, ihat Ooil-t rc r t
I inatlenaMe. II Vt tot iI-HkO L s
-Pfatrtnnrty to try Intltan cbarzta wi
tbe ewmmiMsnsi of Mtellar cutrae. A w
vear seaee. eertal-i Motor IimIucs ci:c a
predUbtry Mscor-ton toto Jscksoa f .x
et killed a number of the inLa' .ur.
They were duly indlctesl for tnui Ur a 1
rtrrUJt routt tor that rout ty t
lench warrant to the proi r t"JT f r
thesr aprehetiun. but his aulh- r.'r wit
set at denVanre by certain I r f.t-1 ".; -
s 11 Mary ohio r-. and thor India n r u.r
are tuot probatdv still living, c-dir t a
proteeting aegt of the I astrd a A
totssg led at H exfae. I have rf v r lcxti
a.b to anderstami why Mnee Irv' a"- were
not Uvea np to the State authors .i!o !
held to answer the cawrge. unirsA t. -morderou-
rahl regard 1 a Tiw'J
war. other ewndsUen of atfsir w . cx -
ene tb-lebt acts committed ui:- r c
ratastanee : but torhanripeil. '. w 1
oniy nsem reisrnse. rime gui . y Z r
.uantwlua of surst slror tiiK-s w " 3
the jorsMlartb-sn of the tsteare s -. . t)
imlartasAnt. arrest and Imi. and a- v a
trary toterlerenor by any partto w i
r4eeeatmgs.whatorer their position w - 1
le. woM resnser them guilt t -t c tr -Z
log pulMkr justice, and thev sl"i J Let i
toanwer areitrdsncle'. IoyasK-R cf t si
rsantrte-r of the terrsbtrr of a xato are v
Utson-of all Law. huaata ami i;v;Tc T
ladssn umtoobtedly have gT.-. v -s.
They are bereft of a ronstrv lb v r-r.e p.s
s"wie and were delighted with. l,t La
tive freedom aad re-ourr-e of liv.rg are
ctsrSailed. The rerforntanre' on the part f
the Uaitoii State of tnatnrtl treaty Ur a
tsnns have beeHoflenertheeirept.-i'tJn
the rale, and those who settle n trrx T.rr
to them are prone to nsasdlevt that s; t.I of
Imligmty wharh eo.?vuasi of sj . . -Hy
sefoiim Casts to evince. ..r are r cy -o
stolid that they fait to ape-eiial- s:K
keenly tteir humiliated eondtuon It t
die Ht them nse frr-Ilg of linin g v a'. I
loc-to-s litem to se-ralin. SfnUict". L
M view ihe caue of their grx-v irx-r . z l .
light of abstract ethte. svmnatlilze i j C r x
misrortune-i. Income their fartM'u!
and regard the entrance of the wh.sfi'r
njn their ancient banting grrun l a an
latrnsion ami a vk4Ikb nt their ln'.rrrrt
right. Itat eoroartwnents w!l ct:r.':'rr.
The prsstre of civil txatexi cannot r- siaJ.
The hardy and ad veiittiron f t- seer leart. -.g;
the van, will pah forward nnt.I he ex
plores every scethm of new territory a- I
plaM thereia the naeli-H of y!e5er
The rpaevitoa ficbt h-ts been it tern:
U a been settl! by aatn.-r::v t g' r
lua tar haaun 1. r f W. r t
ses ML me KBZlKh inirrnnwit: ti ; - r -r
.lul lu I W.., - .
kmllgel with doe formality a r.
tM. m we i inn ii- t
. . . . .
rtaimeu ine exciusire right l- i
ami without denying them the r g: t I
fuse to sell. Itat thv nMeit -n a a r.
pretext, ami granted l-caut- ajurct'Iv
more hat and answered lhepc,.o
n" hH qmtea wel:. The r- il f-- "a
of theeUiic l the right whi-h a sr
lor rare, advanced Hi all the art a- J jkj
ence. whoenltivate tbe soil In v ! .rr re
to an obligation n hb?h natare kr: c
uaruarou iritsswiev irx-l v inr a . (Tii-
mense regions ami ulb-r them l rt
I a 1 ...ft. I . . ml . . .
israimrrnra. it toe iievree s -cL. V.
ami hutaanitarian are not al le to Ijw:'
. m I . . . i . t 1 .
Hut it doc not fiHiow. Iivmt m i- ist
trralie .solemnly entered intor.ih I.Jzn
Iril-es-are to Is.- broken at plet-n--, - c.I
fKh vfolatetl. Jfor that uorria- wto
are brought In contact wHh thvt tits of
irnare hited tn treating thc-.i rc-.---Iv
or Hnju-Uv. The bonier settler (n rT'
ileular. sboutd. through pride of Hit".3r.l
ami selt-resjftret. Fcomluet themselvr. In
such a manner a to convince those pec; ".a
and the world that they In fact l!or.g I a.
superior rtee ami mtintaln a higher star I
rd of rlviltcttioii. Kverv pledge rr yr:::-l-e
made to the Ih.IUb shouUl be rai.ti':
lykeptarul performed on our part Acd
they should be held to a serur u! t: anil
exael coninliaiice of eveblig-it.ca on
their part, lladsiiehn indicv lnvnobTve.l
and enforced by the United States. Indian
dillieulth-t would have been of rare occur
rence. Under existing circumstance, the
si.o.vtiin of our conununHv with referecr
to IndLtn tribe in theSttte and near Ita
bonier, I embarrassing. Our frcnt.er sct
tlemeiit are widely scattered and very
much exposal to their ravage. We can
not conduct any ollcnsive 6perationagaint
thr m, but must content ourselves entirely
with defensive measure. I sen no other al
ternative than to be on a constant alert to
meet and repel their hostile InvaMui;. It
behoove us, therefore, to perfect such an
org-tnixatioii of the State mlliUtn w.ll en
able the Stale to placi in the Held for actutl
service a sutlleicnt cavalry fon" Tiirttie oc
casion, in a comparatively short tl.no. I
have been Informed, however, by the
mator general of thu militia, through an
unollli UI communication, that tho trecut
law doe nut pnivhle fr ntSluga firco in
time to meet uch an emergencv. II j svyt
that "to put the mllitiv in the HVM upon oo
citslon or neel, there would neceaa-trllr lp
eonsiimevl a conyldernbletlme In drafting "
He al.vi suggest some Important a.nenJ-
inent of the law. that an adequate force
lliav occaiii mm mm k .--vi ht at unci'
I twlieva that a plan can ba adopted so that
State troops can be rraplojed on such occasions
to grett advantage, but to be successful it mzst
Srovtile for muttenng them into lervice exp
itiotuly. The United States has nernr failed
to rentier the Stato ultimate protection, and iu
form have ever proved effective in protracted
wars but there is always a liability of delay at
tending the prearatioa, during which interval
the greater portion oi the destruction and dam
ate u accomplubed. The highett obligation of
the Stato is the protection of its churn iu the
eujoyment of lit and property. Hut it rscst
not iw uaucnuau ta luo peopiooi me iron
tier should be reriiss on tieir part in providing