Ttmammmmmmmsimaimmammummmmm
citizens in the watlioru ,rt of Umatilla
county. The guuboats on the l'olHnlia
river tired into thorn and they roturnod the
fire with all the caniestiavs ami readiness of
avowedly hostile Indians, niere was noth
ing to show tliat they were friendly Indiana
peacefully traveling trom one reservation or
camas ground to auotlier. On the contrary
their daring and warlike attitude left w
doubt of their hostile character. leide
there were found m their camps and wks,
articles of wealing apparel, etc., which they
had stolen on their errand after camas. The
gunhoats rendered effective service in thus
frustrating the original jilaa of the hitile In
dians and compelling them to abandn,thetr
design of crossing the Columbia with their
stolen property.
"There appear to be three classes of Iudis
who are not likely to go on the war th.
First, those who are too old to tight; second,
those who are to rich, having itaitruvoHtents
on the reservation and large hand of flock;
and tliird, a few of middle a-MJ who refer to
remain as they are in peaceful security. lUit
the young men will tight. It is natural that
they should show the Indian in them as early
and" as fully as possible. When lo-tilitsr are
in progress anywhere within tbetr roach they
will steal at Irom their reservations and U
their share of crime and then sneak lack to
the supiHirt and irvtx-tK of the Uovere
meat, llie ca.- ot I'maninc and his men is
but one of many examples f this sort. It is
estimated that there 'were, at one time,
less than 300 lolnmuias, UuiattUis and other
renegades with the original band of hostile
Indians. On the morning of July 11th. the
day before Caya.se Station was burned, the
agent. Mr. Conoyer, confidently believed that
all his Indians were oa the reservation, ex
cept Yellow Hawk, who had been with Kgan,
and being ashamed to return, had s& to f ort
ilalL At that moment Umaptne. front tbr
reservation, at the head of a band of onin,
was in readiness to join, if he had sot already
joined, the Snakes, who were exited to at.
tack the agency that raoruiag. It is very
probable that the presenoe of (.- ild.re
cory's company at Cayuse Stattm. near the
agency, atone jv tais attack, jot a.
soon as these soldiers left the Ration the In
dians took- pmtsesstoa af it. The nxt nay
the hostile Indians were above, Mow and
over the agency, and Osjit. MiVes mi the 13th
bad an eagageweat with them. Umapiae and
his warriors were with them in this engage
ment. It was only after the Snakes had bees
defeated and had tied to the tnoaatas&s tint
Umapine quarreled with Ean and treacher
ously put him to death. He was true to hs
murderous allies until he lost eanbdenee in
their success, and then be deserted anST be
trayed theet. and assassinated their chief in
order to be able to take back his scalp to the
Indian agent as a proof that he was sorry for
having made war span the whites. Had
Umapine joined General Howard at Camas
.Prainc he would bave acted in good faith and
rendered valuable service. Instead of thw,
-while on the reservation and esfoyiH- the
protection of the Government, he was con
stantly giving the enemy aid and comfort, and
be abandoned their canse only when be
came hojeles. This is simply a fresh jUns
tration of the truth that deptdeBce can not
at all times be placed otwn the fidelity of
"friendly Indians."
It is "claimed, as already mentioned, that
the Indians fired upon by the gwnhaats were
"Yatimas, returning from tbctr camas crowds.
But what right had they to go Camas Prairie?
Treaties with Indians, like other treaties,
must be intepreted according to the iatentsus
of the makers of them. Ani certainly it
could sever be intended that a treaty mode
-with a tribe of Indians in one Territory or
State. By the treaty with the Yakimas, the
rights and privileges taenia eaamerated
were granted to them in common with citi
zens of that Territory (Washington). This
does not give them, and it was not intended
to give them, any lateral claim to the use of
grounds in Oregon. Both the express
language and the necessary intent of the
treaty restrict them to their own Territory.
Hence, those of them who were at Camas
Prairie, on the arrival of the Snakes m Jnly
last, were trespassers, and were entitled to
no consideration. And, besides, when they
were found and tired apon, as already stated,
they were aiding the bostde Indians m mov
ing their stolen property into Washington
Territory, in pcrfeet accordance with the
original plan of the Snake campaign. It u
prepostervas thurttore to claim that they
were "friendly I&dnas." They were the
worst of enemies, because they were enemies
in the guise of friends.
If these reservation Indians will not vomn
tarfly maintain in good faith thesr aanoaMe
relations with the white people, protaf and
-decisive measures mast be takes to compel
them to do so. Otherwise, their treaebene
-will continue. Reservations wiM become
more and more the rendezvons of hostile In
dians. A reservation of friendly Indians
ought not to be an armed camp. The idea of
teaching the arts of agneaiture to Indians
with arms in their bands is a fearful aWnrd
ity. As a measure of precaution they shoaM
be at once depnred of the improved firearms
ot long range with which they are now too
abundantly supplied. Weajwas of taach less
formidable character can be f Brushed them
temporarily for hunting purposes.
In Washington. Oregon and Idaho, there
are about 27, (XX) Indians, nearly all of them
east of the Cascade Mucntams. There are
included in their reservations nearly 17.000
square miles of 10,000,000 acres of land, or
about 370 acres to each individual Indian;
&nd of these lands about 143,000 acres are re
ported tillable. In the Oregon reservations
xdone there are 6,022 sqaare miles or 3.S50.0SS
acres of land to 7,000 Indians, making more
than 550 acres to each Indian. With this
large area of land in their jiossesstOB and with
the liberal privileges which their treaties give
them upon other lands it is almost impossible
to control them under present management.
Settlements are fast encroaching ujwn tiiur
grounds and jealousies are constantly aming.
To secure pcrmauent peace therefore in the
vicinity of these should be stationed at
points convenient for co-operation, among
the Indians of Oregon and the adioming Ter
ritories from live to ten thousand U. S. troops.
The Indians themselves should be disarmed,
and placed under the direct control of officers
of the army. The integrity of these officers
is & sufficient guarantee that good faith will
be kept with the Indians and that peace will
Le maintained. Until this can be done I
would suggest that some means be devised by
which, in case of danger, settlers on the fron
tier can be armed andbrought into immediate
service. For this purpote x would recommend
that the guns now in the several counties be
obtained from the Government for permanent
nse fur border defense, to le placed in the
keeping of the county judges of the eastern
counties. It would lie still better, however,
if Congress could be induced to remove these
Indians entirely from the State, and place
them npon a reservation where they could re
main nndistnrbed, and where they would not
be likely to disturb settlers. Such a place is
found above Priest's Rapids, Washington Ter
ritory, reaching to tlie British i possessions.
I would say in this connection that General
Howard, realizing the danger of a renewal of
hostilities, has temporarily bivouacked two
companies in the vicinity of Umatilla Agency,
bnt it will be difficult to tell bow long he Mill
be able to retain them there.
nSIITJCO I5TEBESTS.
The experience of the present year furnishes
additional proof of the necessity of immedi
ate action by your honorable body in behalf
of the fishing interest of Oregon. Within
the last few years & large amount of capital
has been invested in this business, and it ha
rapidly grown in importance. Indeed it is,
in prospect, one of the roost valuable brandies
of industry in our State, and pcrha also it
is one of the most neglected by tlie authority
that should protect it. With the necessary
State aid this interest would become one of
our leading sources of wealth, giving direct
employment to hundreds of our citizens and
affording support for many others. Without
some well defined system to foster and protect
this trade, so accurate estimate can be made
of its magnitude or of its permanency. So
long a the business remains as it is, those
who engage in it do so at a great risk. It is,
in a. meansre, all guess work at present, and
Kasy who re eager to i&rwt their money in
such enterprises find at laast that hi the ab
sence of a proper system ragWMtiMg the batt
ue, aad o lag to "want of definite informa
tion a to its capacity, it is so wmhsw that
the cartel ciuWked in it is un than mm
cniih.ved. This tiies like M other,
must he governed by soot protects, nth-.
From experience in other wrt sf the onaa
try, ami trom the lM4JatH4 i M-iettcr it
is iNtMMMe to make juwjht wrtmutes of the
extent of the ft4 supply HilNw. o that
tlierc need be no fear of Mshstw W the who
engage in tht imixHtant bnmch of iwdttMry
IVojier law ihoM bo pned al to I went
the Mitply of m from becoming ebaiiMd
in our ohf mm
I weald taggest that the liqgiflabie As
sembly idMald ivid for the Milt-ctKMi uf a
tish cJmmn l ix. emid i enmeteat m,
wboMtall le ethried to take ths vh4e
abje-t ander ctrol. It hoald W made the
dat of the enwiuwtia to m tht the Laws
relattue to ti.lKT aad to the Iwlimg iineret
are farthfaliy earned oat. They ihsabl be
athorued aU to conn.ler the ssmjeet of the
nttvilactiiMi, profaaaatiaa aiol caltaee of tWh
lu the uaurst at Uil stale, aatt. It (hvsmi
rvinlutit. to unmid for tlarttar Mr ntm !
with xalaahle vanetiM of m lo ihe ktu.u
scsenUti.- methods. TWewaiaaji 1 aieni biU
le given power to apstonst tetne MpA-toc,
tc, to cc-aperate wifti the cuatminiemn af
other State aad to daU other Uumjp aeeea
sarV to foster this nnswttaat mtetesc To
this subject I call veur aUenUoa.
The reMoVft and ecrtary of the IWthmd
Board of Trade, ia thesr knit aaaaat repwrt,
claim that the receipt of. uar nlmim nhen
for the present xear ware orer hah a milium
daUars haw than for the pfeit4M year, aa at
tribato mach of this dnainatioa of trade to
the want of prosper lec4au. oa this MibjecC
I submit for y mr o aw4rataa the hatlvaiag
extract from that report :
' The catch he lat yaar lh7S of canned
salmon amnaiitmg to 3iXfi0t cases, the aver
age price obtained Ut wbich was ahnnt $. or
5,:Ctt.lJ'J. The oaten wt tlu priasat year,
c&dinc Anps 1C i ah. art 5u.Hi can ko.
1-. . . 1 1
., I"'"" " ;
imiKv p"
rrmtwas ahont $I.MM.0li to anr eaimanm.
Ih 11.; the proJncttoa a 4Sh.7SU r '
m that ia two rars our caasmd salmoa !
has tleoraased fr osnC-a son-
t Matter for the carefel
of anr neat Oregon Lepalatat. ah base u
their boad. by wve or smstradent h pslslnm,
thepaawtMher to inrtem e and aVseiap anr
ashenes. or to let them dweay each sr
(as the above Sgnrot show thev have been
d-ng) uatfl that valuable ararle of c&n
mre wiM be forever ioat to oar 1 oilc.
We have each year s often pronud the
importance of legulatnm an thw vital n
ta. that it seeaM M.a.rccty mwniary to re-
Heat the sama. - the an Hot now
CougrcM believes K ha
as no wr to iwalate .
j thTwi iL.Ti
ana sacfoaee ine lero- ,
oar Numoa haene.
Serr af Wsihtnetan and tate of
alone matarlly pan law-s oa tins sweat.
Washington Temlerv" ha Juot her hart,
ha via; paed a law u bich was very caratmlly
treated m accordance tth the exponeacv and
witibe of the r4rietiri of rsaairwn oa both
ida of the (.Vila mips river aad the lalmoa
protect i tommilU t of ths boaol, and ahsch
law oaa only take diect apoit 1 1 1 a Ugmlttite
snseimeat of the atc a4 Oteoa. and ( oa
the Oregon Lendatope ratifying and sdi-ptsng
the same law, verbatim, w hsch the Trstor
of Waibington has pawed."
iuvi:r a.vi naHiaxt l v rnovKiJ irvrs.
For;rar au4, neveary apf roi M tlosx.
have been made lor the Mnnrwveaiewt of
oar river, bnt the hart 00 on the cat of
Oregon have not received thve bt-neAto hi
ativ rviaVn.btet-ileMt- Tte nMMwnv at .
tbeeoaH now crownic o rai4dlr that
imrove4Metit are absolutely mwnaty to
attord fariiMtes lor the MMsrtoMns trade.
I a some dbee they not only ehaaso Ihesr
hKatKM bnt Ijauk up ku that boded reneh
cannot cro them. It often hanett that
vessel entemig w it boot iaf-i- and load
ing lnWe for the outward voyage are land
locked for months during the winter by
tbee shifting bar. lVrof ongagtl in
bifieM at Coo Hay and t oonille n er
have had some very rvteet
a "
reXierteMre in
tbi levpeet. For the extent ot H coal de-
r-H. and for the variety, alinndanee and
rxrt-llent quality of iu. litobi r, IVm llay
oanHOt be MiriiaoM-d in oor Savte, and ef
bap not on the rna4. Bnt the Mip rtaM
sua growing trade of thl ecllun I gieatly
rt-tatded eiery year bv the oMttng of the
bar at Con Ilaiy and alo at the month of
the Cxnaille nver. It etnnaltd that the
to of LssMne there Ihi year oh lh ac
count, will exceed a half million of dollar.
Snrh a bar can be hnproved and a crma
nent chaBBel keit ot4-n by the sM of Jettsnt
within the harlor. In lCtt. the rurresd in
i4de the bar at Coo I lav formed a natural
j- It y and ted ont a here there h a pres
ent a and MK to 1-e w-ii at all taee of
Ike tMe. The water on the bar at that tHe
wa tbmy teet hi def-th. Hot there
nothing to fix thee ee-entrir rnrten. and
they were m clwnged t; torm and other
eaue durios the next year to mm up
Hew outlet, and the bar were shitted to
tl liferent iht., the water over them being
reduced to Wltwnbalf K pfevfs depth.
The CotaHtU Itlter aitd bar al require
atlcntioH. It not ieees-iry to enlarge
niit tlie imtnrtaitee tf tiie want. It will
be most u&i- to wait until the valual-te
coriiiHerce of thi river tti tared b bea-y
! iim1 depoMwMhin Kcent channel. The I
' time win come when Jettie will be Heeded
! at the mouth of tlie Columbia, and we
i bould logiu at once to i e uoft Congre
I the importance of this imnrot ement. There
. are other harbor in our Stale that shyahl
i reeeive Mmuar auentiou.
Iu order to aid our Senator and Itenro- '
soiitatli t in their etT-trtn to procure the nee- :
tsary aprormtioi fr thee Improve- ,
inciii, you bltouM. by joint mouiori.. urge 1
the matter oh the attent oh of Cong re. '
Approfrrialion have alieady Ui-h made fr '
the furvey of Coo llay ami tVtll nver. ,
Thi 1mmiW lie followed up l.y ih urgent
reHMrt for further congieicmil ahl to
m.ke such impruvi-iueitt a may io fnund
to be iHeary. The wurk wLieh have
been profeeted.aiid w hies, are now in pr.s
ro tor the iuriieof oK-nloir uit tlie ( - 1
tunibhi ritor to general trade and emrti
tion, will Ik of a very MiiMtaHthil character
tilien couidetel, and will be of IniHiemo
value to tbo poople of that setkm of the
State. I-t I be name ahl 1 given our coaht
harbor w htcb ttat been cxtoitdtHl to our
river, and all owtruetHinit to a free and
healthy trade will xoon U? renievtfd.
KWAStf LAXIK
Therein argent need of wrac addHfotMl
legislation with reference to tlio sale of
lands belonglnc lo the Slato uf Oregon
The proM-nt law doe more to i-mlairra
than to aid the Hoard of S.-1hm4 IjiimI Com.
mUkiuticr in ilifXM.inr nrtk.w latui. ria
i chief object wbieli tlie Slate lia. or ought
loiiave, 111 view in aeceiiiing huh gram, in
to oll the land awiuirt-u uiHlerJt at the war-
Ik-ht iMissible inoiiiettt, for iU own benefit
and for llmt of tlm purcliahen. It It "If
vIoum, tlicrefore. that tho sooner it in di-
I om-1 of bihI tlie money M into the trwtv
ury the better It will be for nil coiicernt-d.
Tlio law of 170, however, inxtoad ofdcelar-
lug tlio IHlo lo tin gmnl to bo In tlie State
absolutely, and directing tlio t-roer olH
cerx, a soon an M-lt-ctioiiN could be inade.to
Mil the lands outright and give tlie full and
final conveyance to the purt-har Imme
diately upon the payment of llio price, wai
no framed an to MiliKnc the Issuance of
patenU for an Ii'dentiito )vrlod,iid indeed
to ri'itdor it extremely uncertain. Under
thl law the applicant 1 ntilrf.tl to drain
tbu land appltetl f r, or otherwise to rctuler
it lit lor cult I v.v ion. Cultivation of the land
for three yearn "in either gras. tlio rcn-al
or vegetable,' 1 declare) to bo n sulllelent
rcclaiiiation within the mtMiiIng of the act.
The mode of reclamation are not definitely
stated ; but It Minis that the law content,
platen that the land shall be drained in all
cases. It Ii claimed, liowetfr.ttint the most
of this land is of such n character that
draining It would destroy its value ontlrolr.
It iti mora prulltahlc at present for itn
eras than for anything else, and lo pro
duct) lliCM) It Ih bct that It should remain as
it is. Iicsldcg, an fahtaM It la needed or can
1x3 ronderd valuable fur ollior uses. It will
bo tiiado uvallable by itn ownem willioul
any legal enactments! on tho nubp-ct. It N
to tho interest ol tlio owner of land to appl y
it to that ue for which it in best titled and
which will yield him tho greatest return:
and in till regard Ills IntorestN are Identical
with lboo of tlio public. It draliuigo will
Improve tho swamp lands ami make Ilium
more valuable, tlio purchaser will drain
them without being required to do so. On
the other band, if drainage will diminish
their valuo it ought not to bo demanded by
the Legislature. In cither ca whatever
in best for the purchasers In beat for the Statu
alo.
Tho restrictions Imposed by tho present
law upon purchasers of bwatup lands cer-
talwlv oe rule to prevent n dl.jM-"l of them.
AHdkcJn" do ihiI fi-el like iwiIkk forilialn
lnft 1.um1 ulileh, wIh-ii ifrnlno I. will !
worlkleKS to tlielil. Thoy nwv a few
lrtchi-. I l" Itue. lor the tirp of n-tllnt
title, but Ihev w ill cIom them uxnin h mmiu
mo they IrtVf olttHlnetl Ihetr tei To rv
Hiie tlruiiMiKe in Mich oivs, tlteiefwre, IhIo
Iiimim mmm tue Hitcliaxrttii entirely like-
Itw ellM.
Tlt M .jiUteiiwnt Meiii!i iU'UmiI mi
MHt lle miimimioii llmt the itniiit lo
the Stale it made ottHlitioiml hhi the re
daiHHthiti of thelantU. Thit t, however,
w holly orrntM-outi. Tlie fet Ih etllel 4i
far kh jMdbrtiit urthtn run le hail. "Thl
tMle 1- e4Ksel by no comlMloti.
TltelHale beeuiiiothe oio-r wMh auMdwte
Mr ot iH-oilioii of all the mmii lamU
Mhln hor lnnH. ximI )mt title 1h ho way
U-otln4 oh a iMtrut. If tliee laiMts were
Im lraiHed.io Htlereitee from the cfTnt
can UitraUH thai tlie ttt'Hrai ceveriHHinit
tvoltltl lt'MiHH the sinltt. Itwt CoMsiets
nml ti llw Mte : 11mm MHh are of mo
Ue to the Hallow ; take them' we Hiakeyow
u rrect title lo theHi : tlralH them, aiut le
claiHi th-Ht if y i cmh; oiwwK tlteiM
and the whole Mtl'tert Ut or les4aHire;
1 to.it the I'ollt-v we i- ihm-hI. l-wt lake
. 1 A . .. , . . - w. .
ine tJtiHvn. inr n-iieTC MtM-n t'v inn
MM tttre qHeltHe. V-
hmiihI ih the tter-UftMMi
C ,h SnoreHo- C.Hlrt o Orest.-u. IN Ihe cw
( i.Ioh v. Sttitt. Indeed, it I- rlearly lo
he gathered fnMi all the anlboMIr, that
thi-. W a mailer pxrlutelv "Hhtli he co
ttol of the l.-t:iUmrf . Thete fsrvJo mo
ov4toM. thetefoie. a to the right rtf the
late to 'Matt the-e MHUt at osire. and uimmw
dUioNally. It Heeal iiot reMUetevtaaaaUoM
uutrvs tt ehooset to do mi.
At all eved flMther tlsae hooll hegivaM
lo aotilieaHt to rerlalm their UsmIk. and
tht re onxht to le moot oVAmMo TesUlh
a to w hat tall conMitwJe rerhuwta. The
HuV4aheM tAIli. almolv refrrted to. that
I the lale' title lo lhi' rlw- of land oV
j eMtH mn the Pawnee of pilenti ha oc
1 eatoned hmhv delHyx lor w hkrh lrehaee
' should not liv Htade' U MlHer. Negate. IM
' MuMiv re. the I Mlted tale t4ttcrt. hale
I prrttUUed wron to re-rtn4 Uu.l- whlrti
; wete known lu h of a ohmiv rharsrSer
and MaM which ai4scaM4r. had al'madv
, isU tlx u 3 j-r e 'Mas aooVr the Surto
' law, on the ground that notice hal nut !
stiven d the MMbdraHal tf Mirh lando fmns
MmrKeC Tha one Mm alter another
na been rnuilnl to U-T Ine par;ar of ae-
fsMtMSS She right 01 tbeadwand N render
nsnsei th grant. Ai d nniortonaat-ly tht
rreenl law to. atf.ded no ptuteettoM u
tin-v have tan es-mntiT ex;
m iiiuiiw cev aiiww mi
eertMin rrui o( nnatlx Miuirlug title
1 1 1 n if ttn-r KtHmld eUMi4i the rhrht f
the l4e to the land. It H us4e ja-Urr
ttM-letote. that th y -honht at leav( 1- al
lowed fawtfarr ttnte to eosnnl v w ttat Mm v -l
, dstail'. iwuied by the taeMnt !-.
1 It wuntd he lar U4U-T. hwweer. If ale
er nsade at onre. w Uhout any esntmriafi
' tng roUt-tio. tetms tt title Iwian i
1 atrly in the adaeauti. They t4s!4 thu
. be ilaeed In a MttSon to 1 ludmie thri.
mthtN nrasnntly, and no time wosud l
gtien to nce-rm)ifair lochansie Uw-charactel
? dratnage. ee. hmx aj
he Me of Iht-r hvnd ate nisi todi and
tuoani I' lent with the d-
nary law of traue. auhnu will an
I wstli oanthm.
The law of the Slate, a fct now atsnd. t
: ecaatrary lo th larf tsmie wbahre
cugntae the right I the aireha' r U naake
', the line t ont of the lhllS IWrhinil No
I Htan will bar an arthrle nnoer r-nel-
' which ate rji. --iit e and sxltM, The
i Mate ohoald aM-rt SU title M tee to Ine
wanp and oet Booed ln4. and Mm right
j to ds-tio-e of them h the te4 advartage
' and In the H-t fu4r Uave. And the
iurh tc honld l i-etmMted to uVe the
land at OHre. afJO )n meat of the price.
: and to ne them la w haleter w ar he nta v
I and hhm taontate lor hsmaelf. Tl.x
' wosdd red nee the waller to a t'-niin o
li'S"' laiiioi It w!d ail-rl toe
' State a fond for the Iwianlta pay mmM of
1 ner ontanisng kwwhm isaa warrant
lhn oluliptsi Use
of Itf
tore. and wostld
the r4her
etmtde the Muehaers n.4 ihiIv
to defend their laud . but ateo to Man K to
nrostf at oeee.
1 theeefoee reeofr.meBjd that the law of
1-C he M aliu ndtrt aa V eonharm to the
nm here n preyed. -rtlio of HVe art
ihjonld I retoJcd. and M-h f arttx r
change should be made a to aaWd aaai te
iwtaeetsun to the rtghi of Ibe MMr and lo
1 tho" of H grantee. In order to haoton the
- a a a
"aic o me
hod. and to nrot taV for the
eedy rxtH lion of the debt hfcrh ha
grow n ntt acatt tht fond andi r the leg-
fttaiano( l-JX. I moum tgetlhatwai :
land warrant I made reortvabhr in u-
m ut tor uch land. Mnc the Ian I W i-
Corrved frin thee laud are to be apedsrd
to the nnrnt of tone warranta, taetv
can be no reawnal4e ot-a-ctkifs W uxtug the
land Uien lie W that irrae. It
would Mive aVlay and trouble and would
alo. k would l well to gise the U-d f
xtitnA mud cr-muu toorr naare tfiuc
authority In regard to dte(mlsdt.g the
rhararter of Um land Included In
aloft grant. I" ader the pseaeut law the
Iroer t nV t of the taSe are aottx !,
to -lert the land m the aVM. Ilut the
rule governing the geuerat land Ace at
Washington will not imst Ibt -e land to
be llted to the tale. unlee ther are e-
lected bv I nited Hto urver. ur iu
thehr saampy character at the date of
tlx grant I r nrlo.!y rced. The
Mate, however. b tdd b-St npcu It ibtht
lo make it select! b ant method bv
w hh-h the fact ran te MwiUtatd that the
land are actually watuiy. I .and ( that
character belong to the ssate by a perfect
ami alMtlute title, am that liile rai.oot I
detoated by ary tuh- detied by the gen-
eral land uAm or hy the eanttou olJreU
of rt-gMet and lereiver. It I So t i
un-
d-rUd. of eorx'. that these remark are
not itrtViMted tu Hly totho'e cae wnere
land have U-en aetected a swamnland
which are not Ih fact swamny. ThalMatea
ha no right lo ach land under tht grant
and cannot acquire auy by any poaibl
Hsnde of Kclectton.
Ine rule ami tegutatton of the general
land oMce of the United Suto will not
f-t mtt the State la roerule or defend rn-
let tor waut Mim, afore the tonal land
nMnti, without deiltmg the money to
pay the eXWM- if such cwHte4. A
there i no ikvIh of law authortasng
the board of school land rmmhlonei to
make thl deiMMiit. the result I that, unte
a4iniMH tor the land Mill farnrdt the
money, the inter! of the State freancntl v
gouuicpfeeiited. I ugget. thetefrie, that
you give tlie board the .-- ry autborMy
m iH-h okMM.and make an airoihitNMi
ior mat jhi re.
VAOHAST LAW,
The long oontinm! laiotne dewetton
in Caliluriiht ami the low faro bv Meamer
from San Kratcsro Ut l'ortlaHd. have eon-
titMHeU lo lirtng Into the State during the
I Vttmnnl Suiimier. a.uill a the lat. an in
' "aioie. am vagaoooo. who nnye
. ir,V a tiuiaHre toouroo)4e.
'. Ther a gn-at itcieae of ctfme all over
the State, ami outrage of the motdarin:
"laraeter are !no,Httly ifnl.l. Joine
i-- - ...v iiwii) ird
. "!, "Z5 "w-yl by the wmint) of Idle
ami law le men, wImi will do any thing I Kit
worK 10 msi.e a living, noun ami Heel
sive moasuie mut be ado4ed to a bate thi
'""sa
; ,nre
nuisanco. ror my ow h iwtt. i kmw of no
tlTeclive war of doing Ihl than the
ineiit of a tHloroUH vasmttt law. Iu a
Stateiiku (mis, w litre any man who will
rK can iiinKU a living, k ougni to bo a
crJino lorajioalthy xrou to Imj;.
IVOAHII Of IXrt-AUZATIOX.
I desire to nrge uif.n you the mporUnce of
taking some efheient moasares for eoaalizing
awettntenU throagboat the State. The har
den of taxation now tails with uampta! weight
upon tue tuuetvHt eouHUes, and metuality in
this matte! is iHiaittce. A a ecearv re
sult, also, there is a constant ami srws lost
of mblic revenae, I knew of no Utter
remedy for this evil than the etubttshmrnt of
a State IVtanl of laalizatioii, with such limi
tations and restrictions oih its twer as
will jnevent injaitirc to ihdividaaU as well
a to comities. I invite your earnest atten
tion to this snbjeet.
CUNCXCeleN.
In closing my term of Mrviea a Oavernor,
I desire to express my MkmwldgeHiaNts to
the outgoing i'reaourer, Hon. A. J I. Ilrew ii,
for his uniform courtesy, ami for his acts of
Iiersonal kindness during the jeriod of our
official aMvociation. My thanks arc also duo
to the other oificcrs and umidoyet of the State
for many favors. I shall always bold in crate
fal remembrance my pleasant and friendly re
lation witb tliese gentlemeiL
And now. Senators, and Itepreseiitativcf,
penult me, in oonclastoii, to w ish for you a
harmonious and successful session. May you
be able to accomplish all that those who scut
you to these halls, expect at your hand.
May the work that you do here mlouud to
your oirn honor and to the pcrmauent good of
the Stata, and when you return to your con
stituents may they lie able to receive ou
with the aipnviHg salutation: "Well dour,
good and faithful tenants."
S. I . CilAbWICK.
Salem, Sept 9. 1STS.
The tVlllniurlle Peter nml Agile Ml xlurc
l'rvimtv.. cxptxtaJv for thu clituatt lv
Meaarn rfitmler A- tV, l'ortlnl, Imm
leet fouml to In tlie l-t Fever hihI
A"n- meIieiHf over ollenil to the otti-
irtn. of Dre-im. All dragnidN Imsvu it
for ak
IaiIoM lirotherv, of 1'orthtml, Orv-
gutt, are lernlin; in the l'lRtnt4ik
liusinear., ami have rednot! tin i-thv of
curil 4M to $1 M), ami chImhW to
nml iHtenur view a f.d overy thing.
Attn i at linger i3wwint; Jiscuiim
are womlertHlly krge. Ijsat yewr th
11 --a ..aa m t .
" "y MN.I Zv-,. I Z .V1M7MHI4. ftUCH I
ettorinoUM stlH are the) laett n-euMMetuI I
tht- .Machine row hi Imm.
True,
As jutprlr vejrtale family rcnnly
1'tnnoWs Orepm llko! Pstriuer ranisot
U? auqaMcsl. It reutates Use Kowefc,
liver ami kidueyh. tentaiss- all
crotnU and iinHuritHat ftum th tiL
ilut- it, try it.
1. Ixnulisw' Una oj -?i-l agHIM at Uta
wU corner, Fir ami .IorrH streuta.
(,aurc ,s new Iiuinlitts is the liandi Bwat.- t
met ore in 1'orilaswl, antl Luisthwu'a
cisar nlore in uUl up in atyto uttanlu
to tin beat tme iu the Urreat cUtoa in
Use wxsrU, asnl Isk ck of donmatic and
iaaported cienr anal tubuca is the jot
Uuit man enu nur.
K. J. N.wthrup (V. uf I'arJnuu.
have retsMseI into tbetr Dew atoru mm
tin tser ot Ftrat atal Main reta,
where tln-v Lave oj-ia-l out Useir isew
st-k "t Carriage ami Waco Hsati.-riaJ.
and are liutni; a hto- WitMv
tC Im making aujr arehae or In
writing Im rerMtne lu u) adtrrlle
ravat In thl rr)ou will plrae urn.
Ilun the name of the paper.
t t VE WT THE
COLUMBIA COAL OIL,
THE HUT l THE X VHKKT
II. AC'Hint.n t.V A t
- Aa lar thr tout rtuak aart.
taawh ma MM. INeUiat. um
17-
kt aarwtj
t a. ,
a MtU,
r s.
HODGE, DAVIS & CO.,
IMFOaTINC
WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS,
ai or
Window Glass, Oils,
AMI
PAIXTEILS" STOCK.
Nos. 92 and 94 Front Street,
tOtt.NEK STARK.
Han Franrlc O BJ re II Front M reel.
.1r York OOire aa IMalt .MreeU
IITsw
Jtvr yt'txat ism oa Mr tohe
stave Sjwtonu. set sav taoar see
eaar ta asut SW aat C aar t'
af sa ana a Ska saw Oar ITar. Wt aa
asJB Sac a, sat Uh s ar aa W lae piqm aw
akr sa aaUat at ear f ' tMr rl. m tvrf sal
la
Druss and 1'atent JIedicine,
auas u swt u taer sar.
V at mf mtt s
I)ru?sists Sundries Department
Chhli ss sa SH m aslanali. W ksar sasay Na.
ahaw Mi UW a; at
Toilet Articles,
TaU aawt W Ma le Se tilA
qSt nJ sarta-alar utiania ta ear tSatt tt
Counter Balances and Druggists'
Prescription Scales,
ISjr far tto aaet rM heaa-nt ta ttat an let
W sha aSar s aew aa4 aa hat af J-MXT VTARn,
sa4 ca Swaah s sal watat 4
CLASS LAHKLKD ROTTLES,
At ssact aU Ta in ar at i Mag ta tlxrt are
tare, w ta rrftset ail uv anh aes. Mb s rmt sj
ssassr ta h tht Witt btal st lac Taftarj, tan
hwanar the sarfM at at aw kU
In White Leads, Mixed Paints, Colors,
Brushes and Painters Stock
Of sM VhaU. e hate sa s.irant Ur ,araaiia; ut
tMac rr aui IWliuU.
nalc s fikf c
LURRICATING OILS,
Aa hayta aar Mark st ftnt hsad, oa eerr ratweSsr
ai li laiinu u sa afca Jest hi Uteas.
W sh arty s tf7 luT staci. of
COAL OILS,
EnVratsacsM the leanac ItnaJ,, sa4 vc Wtrr tana st
pries ahteh eiaast ht htstea, la
Window Glass,
Vt't sre trrjarrJ ta fit anhn lar 16 stul S&o. r jiilc.
We haiesEtnek eaiertn: sN ,itn tnm SalOta
40a73, tad sasll t gUJ le laraUli nuautet, ar saj
htfarniauan Hl(eL
OUKGON
Wholesale Oyster Co.
Islcnia
NIIOAI.tVATKK HAY flYSTKUN,
Onlen MM euni4lr t t W) jr swL.
FRANK C IIAIIMX. Afent, iMrtkitJ, V
HI ELSM) O It FFi:it.
HATS AND CAPS.
I'orllnml, Oregon.
WHOLESALE ASH FATOIir- Ul rreatStml.
ItCT.UI lt Hrit Strict.
J. jV. e'i'KOAV'IlUIlJGI,
Direct Importf r soil DrsUr In
LEATHER AND SHOE FINDINGS,
A'o. Ill Front HU, Portland, Or.
1856. KNAPP, BURRELL fc CO.,
Front, Fixst and Ash Streets, Portland, Oregon,
THE CELEBRATED BAIN FARM WAGON.
Tt..jtt1eri.uUMhAIS T1UMIH -hli WA'.
ftr Tl.
UC . t
u.lluac tf u ar W. .v. . .
'T'll ct w-i ti t . .4. t ii'.-t
i. . .. . - . . . . . . . .... .
n a)" trr laan wj . .aa m ISair
O. Statu W. . , .UuU lar. laH... aaW r I
1 1 a a... u-
Talent Oil Tobea Willi lira veren Cap.
aanhsat Has in my -4 Uliw . rta -twu WIWasfc, tm mrrv-m .
nrm h.j kinrut Wt Sd n
ta aavSaS tau Jl laaifi auaUW
a: " 1. sa l ra.. c m a4 irllaiir
" m' ' ' t ttni U tr Uatt. sad fm,f nSn S- Sax C
1 " Mtas -marra aa -4 ta.e.ajy an as. 4 at Afl IS l.k in
H "a'asfc "'! m atac J I i m i mai W utu. I im gartas
JSr aaat ti. m a mmm tfciiar
" Tfc umvl iMarintilnSKK vt sc il
muai4i.il l- -l- W lkiaar lac r . ; o(.sa.4 At. i i , . -
sic lun. s a- csuav I mi lm . . . . . . (
1ST Mai S ur 7 . Lit.
OREGON HACK OR FOUR SPRING WAGON.
GUARANTEED TO BE THE BEST HACK
THE LARGEST STOCK. THE BEST ASSORTMENT.
The Olilet ami Leadin? Houe in the Trade and Prices alnar
om:(;o.
Furniture 3Iantifact tirinir Co., '
MAXI I t.T kljL -r
PTJRNITTJRE, !
AU IttlXa I '
Oil. fLOTUV,
Mats, Rbes. Cartilas,
tt ALL PAIT.tt.
Spring Beds,
Hair Mattresses.
la- Ear .
StTl ,.. V . earr I
i. a-
-
sat-i;ii -Ti't V. .A.TX1
STJLNDAKO .1X0 tsm 0UGA5S,
v w nu.vrt. ut"
Xss tM. 'taai. ta
-mivH orTiii; ittiAii.
sfiTyi
C. f -TTST
ji : ,-ts
! ss i .
irsr m It . -
i . . j. i1
The (.erkara JITc. UtapanjS
tflXMVTlI'
" Electro Plate" Talile Ware,
L. C. HENRICHSEN,
f IMSatK Dl.ftfh. tan ma ft t r r .imnmm
C.1U, A5I iC TKEM.
xr-i tu jin-r i-i-ntiji-rr.-ti
notm-uth. oubcun
3Milwaiikie Nurseries.
BsTAKUaHCD test
FOR SEASON 1S7S-7U
LARGE STOCK,
LOW PRICES,
fcenil for Onr .r Mlalosnr.
Seth Luelling A; Son,
Mllnnnklr, I) rex" n .
ABELL,
rnoioiitiniLC
No. 167 and i6g First Street
Portland, Oregon.
No. 8. Hail to the Chief No. S.
"WHEELER & WILSOX.
miti: snv so. sTK.tiotrr sebmx. ilvck
X I eeJ. Laik Mkh
SEWIXtJ 3IACHIXE,
it feaaawaea' hjr the I'toe ei7fcrt ta t the Het
l"saiih- Hseame ia aa
XT UatMaei M m the m4c sai iatUattMat 4ut.
A I.lbemI Illrutiiit Air nti.
95 Third Street, Portland, Ogn.
F. C.OD.VItl),
No. 8. Jtnnnzer. No. 8.
JUH.V II. IMI.KI.MITO-. 31. P.,
O C U LIST AXD AUltlS'T.
n'nr.vTS mselises or Tin: eve. e.r ast
J 1 nnal u rcuiur.
omCE-lVkun-. IlulKn;. earner Klrst and Wssh
lnsti strreU. IVxlUaJ, Onsen.
SIT Spectsch wnrrilxxl lor ill ectir. tUloo sad a
Urj itock of ArtlflcUl Ejrt Vt( tool
1 1 .
A r T ' - - .
IMX'OItTEItH OX
! IkMffLEMENTSancllylACHINES.
i 1
'im-I, .m rn
ftvT. Hftj. ft M
Mak lw-l.oft r T
UurUtu j w . 1
v. tuiral rii,
. .
wm. Ik
i rftmc UW trr, . t,
Umttm naa u- a..t
ml - rlinanil i tAit
smiii tsa - i its in.
IS
COKBITT & MACLEAT,
IMP OH.TEXl.S3 .
WHOLESALE GROCERS,
co:
ISSION
EXPORTERS OK WHEAT, FLOl'R, SALMON AXD LUBBER,
T USnCTTUVIt Ar7ET StTSN K C0ckVEJ!T5 OF VJKJO. TUtCX XS TTCOt, l?V5
. L ta aoia ta aJ i-Kiar. i.
S 1 i O t tit t . a t t
gerus lor uregon ana nasningron lerniory xor ine louowing
FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES:
Imperial, or London, London, of London,
Northern, of London, Ouen, of Liverpool.
AGGREGRATE CAPITAL, S3S,0O0,0C0,
I)cpolt in Orcsoa $200,000 U. n. Bonds
OFFICES 29 and 31 Front Street, 28 and 30 First Street Portland, Ogn,
and 202 Sacramento Street San Francisco.
IMPORTANT
Pacific Slope Agency
TVT1 1 tVAHlCOO,
jtA-vt rvn
3H11 Stones. s
Sill Picks. -i4a.ii
Portable Mills. 1 ....
Sliaftimr.
Pulleys, innRIK PNHIMF I ShiEule Machines,
C.Varin?. ! ynL!&5 t blHtd. ? CircuU-r v;alr MilLs,
Ko 1 1 1 n Cloth. Smaller. Separnlar, Pnrlflrr. Sran Onater. netting. Backet,
a nil Mill l'urnltlnir Ueuerallj-
Cat; i a4.a laaa ham Ihme waliaa,!! a luthc r ri,iifuc Saa4 fce CUX$ ul l"-.- La.
ALLIS tk BLACK, Agents,
I. O.Bot 32H.
NEW MAPS!!
Orrson ami Wahln;lon. M SO
Wahlnrtnn ar (Irmn. ln 1 mi I
Thew Shf are rteaartr ta hial.inejt nth, a
Ut hrav. tai in asstc ! II .iiaat amp,
iai ?it. wJw IX, lTi A t4n 11
J K. 6IU. A CM. INH-nual
KVEUDIXG V FAKRELL,
IValan ia
Grain and all Kinds or Produce,
SACKS, inc.,
for. Front antl AlilrrM.. !ortlnnl. Or.
-VX.I5SICV t 1IKGELE.
Wholesale Candy Manufacturers,
l I'lrst StreeU
r.tCTORT- AkWr Stmt, UShk; 004 rraVa-s'
IU. Ieltul. Onvfav
com. t r-icicitciiin,
Wtwlenh aaJ Retaa
ROOKSELLERS Vr STATIONERS
IAlRCIIIUl-S COUI rENS, eoLPES GATE P
L x. Tatlex Keslaer iHttter. saj si IraJhu
Nrsatr stkl UiuiaeiL Sa. Hru Street. INirt
Ub1. Ore?v
ouevt REPrcnos is trices.
J. SIMON c& CO.,
Pesters la
Doors, Windows.QJlinds and Glass
WEIGHTS, CORPS ASP riLLEVS,
I2H rruiit St.. bet. H'nhlnEton Jk Altler.
el Im rORTL-VSP. 0R1M0S.
NOTICE.
We hnve ten srooil reliable entonier
who uniit to rent IHrmi or InnU on
share for the next cnon. rnr(lrhav
Intr lan.l. .hi.i, tt . -i-s, 7 . T"E CEUaLTEH K.VUS.VMIC VATOR BATH
ins lanila nhlrh thejr Mlh to rent or j j.M eaaavt ta ixattW blt.
leave milt do uell to scud us their ail
tlrcna.
. II. KTKAKXN ,t CO.
Ore sou LantI Aseury,
I'ortlnatl, Oregon.
1878
. i. te - t . 4 haa la t3 Ih
Description and Prices.
Ss a 1
sad hay Sms
aasa ate lay aaj. U-A y-U
llnrm. mmh lil ill . gea.
Suae WS iiBgar ad sad Shsat tali, MSI
IN MARKET.
THE LEADING MACHINES.
at the Lowest Living I5ate.
MERCHANTS.
TO MILLERS !
of Edw. P. Allis & Co.,
wiwoo-nBf'n,
mots ur
. I Can- Eers,
ut nit
- . - .r - . - .
Lor fiJllers.
Tu Machines.
SS. XYadrels.
a . - ... . .
Xo. to I'ronl Sitreet, IartIanO.OrTea.
BURTON HOUSE,
Corner ThlrU ana t Htreeta,
XwrlheSliTilaa Luataf ui-Hxri btyetiy
rohTt-VSP. MRKJeX
THIS STUCSOtn UHXX BOTZX. TOi SC
ss aV. sntanat; It i sxJ aAtf Asra
Lewiston A: Fretland, Proprietors
ttaac at Mhasojta H--)
WW fn- a ahM aar saoo ' taJshew
TIIC BENT HOTEX. 131 TOKTUaXB.
THE CEIXBIIATE
"SINGER"
SEWIXG MACHINES
still 'x-vivx: thk jux:.vx.
2S2,S12
Sold in 1S77, j
Beln?20,ts more laau aoW la aaj pre-r
lion jrnrv.
Save awaef snl say the BEST
l
ZTTtji SISUBR V4r Vajtasviher.
The Singer Mfg Co.,
la rirat MtreeU ISirttaaO.
AGENTS KVEKYWIIERE.
THE PORTLAND SANITARIUM
fornrr Tnjrlor anil NeeonU Mv
liy fea.aaJr lac -amhaU Mttbkai(
DR. 1I1'.SL01.
Aaj the carl nmfteat af Iho
KT. V. C. fHATTIX.
IU17 tanuu. KaeanuUMB. IVier saj Vu. .Uthmt,
Itruaeahn. taieBl umlsnt aid t'eaule Coarisiats.
Tbo AtUMUttSMUt u Mint up rrcinaWai ot aic
Um nualurt vt taneala j4.ISrJ lenales ia slUi.
siaca. lUlha at sit tkafrlntsiBt nn tw hvl Wuutkirol
rvtulu u Uluj diilj oluiwl bj- xhU w UxalCMat.
n if i a i it, aa . na tkt
aaaaa laah MU adhr ssins m
aanaa; Saw au. Sa W h4f I aa I -ak .-
taaaardnu Saataataaaat i 1 . umhjf va nj
sa ant aawhat taaka. Csaaaay. aw I I"-
Sat Jta A ,o akr astaxantanl a f -
hua; siani ia aa sua a a 1 famr . tn
feaaaV Prinu ftW
na a t On. ant n -lu Ban avid . Sa.
asaa. aaa