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orrict court s-ucirrj
orrrr tdz conmocn.
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Om fetal setaau. can yn Xaa. AlrtrtUxg
Rate of Subscription In Cola:
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Six Month!..... ...... 5 50
Throe Months. 1 SO
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VOL. 2.
PENDLETON, UMATILLA COUNTY, OREGON, SATURDAY, MAY 2(5, 1877.
NO. 34.
J OB WORK ysZ&TiZttSi
I -Will Go.
"I will cor Yes, leaving U
Jill the life that erf t I knew;
Former lore, or great or small.
Leaving all, I love thee to.
With thee, chosen, I will go.
1 will go from girlhood here.
Sunny with Its borae-born love.
Into woman's higher sphere.
Where the light and shadows more;
And life's tares I then shall kuew,
Yes, I answer, I will go.
I will go to bless thy war.
Cheer thee with a gentle voire,
Make thee happy every day,
In thy lightest smile rejoice;
All thy cares and joysjo know.
As my own yes, I will go.
I will ro to walk with thee
On the ragged path of life,
I will try a help to be.
Sharing with thee in the strife;
I will never leave thee no
Till God calls me I wUl go.
I will ro stand at thy side.
In the sunshine, in the shade,
I will let no cloud divide
This one life our two have made;
Nobler, stronger, love shall grow.
Beaching heavenward I will go.
V
"Windsor Castle
Of the few piles in the world which
build their idea into stone, Windsor
Castle is certainly one. It is a Royal
residence, and of "no upstart royalty of
yesterday, of no sovereign wbrse crown
is an accident or an uncertainty, bat of
one whose throne is old and sore,
"Broad based upon the people's will.
And compassed by the inviolate teas."
No pile in England symbolizes my con
ception of England bet ter than this home
of her sovereigns. palace and castle,
feudal stronghold and modern dwelling,
grim fortress and royal halls in one.
It crowns the hill, at the foot of which
lies the little borough of "Windsor by the
Thames side, with tower on tower; with
the lofty roof of St. George's chapel, a
cathedral for size; and the central keep
upon its grassy knoll rising far over all.
And from half a score of counties they
say the Royal standard on the keep is
visible to the eyes of men. There are
towsrs built long ago, and quadrangles
built yesterday. Elizabeth built, and
"William of "Wykeham left his mark, and
older portions still are here, which
take one back to the Saxon Kings; and
all is massive, reeky, solid, as if it were
put here to stay, sure of the permanence
of the world, and especially of the good
Kingdom of England.
The sentry's tramp echoes on its walls
day and night, and the roll of the drum,
the shrill notes of the bagpipe, and the
short words of command at muster or re
view, tell you it is a fortress. Bat what
a smiling fortress, with it gay parterres,
its ivy-colored walls, its sunny terraces,
its bowery orchards! And what particu
larly amiable looking fellows Her Maj
esty's grenadiers are, tinder their frown
ing bearskin shakos!
There can be few sights in the world, I
think, superior to the view from the ter
races of Windsor, none that in its pecul
iar beauty can be even compared to it.
Near at hand in tbi valley are the tur
rets of Eton College. Yonder sweeps
away for three straight miles "the Long
"Walk" with its quadruple colonnade of
magnificent branching oaks. The leafy
glades of "Windsor Park stretch to the
distant hills, apparently, on this tide.
That farm, and meadow, and village,
grange and hall, mill and castle, cover
the rolling land till it melts into the, pur
ple of the far away bills.
So, ringed with bowery orchard and
waving wcodlasd, with yellow harvest
field and rolling meadow, with the roofs
of maay a stately borne of England far
and near gleaming through ancestral
trees, and the winding Thame, a silver
ribbon on this ground of velvet green,
now bright in the senlight of the op-n
meadow, now shadowed by the great trie
that stand sentinels on its brimming
marge, so gleam afar and oat of sock fit
setting the stately towers of England's
royal home.
There is not, they say, in all Europe, a
palace to be earned" with it. And I can
well understand and believe it- It is m
ical, so old, so massive, so va-t, bo grim,
and yet it has so clothed ibs rocky strength
with grace and beauty, o wreathed its
grimness with the garlands of long peace,
and old order, that it stands to me, this
Catle, as England hen-elf, writ small.
And savage republican as I am, stand
ing on the terrace of Windsor, I can
frame the honest wish that for many a cen
tury to come those stately towers mny
stand encircled hy the peaceful and smil
ing land, only clothing their grimness
yearly with more and morcof the softening
ivy green, and the snowy almond blossom
of peace, the home of a royalty which has
become, under despotic names and forms,
the fair symbol of freedom, and law, and
equal right; built patiently and. strongly
up, like these towers themelve, by many
hands and through many change in the
lapsing years
A ride through the Park was of course.
I was at homo for awhile again. Here is
yet the unshorn forest of W indsor. the fa
vorite hunting-ground of the Norman
Kings. The deer still couches in the fern,
and the partridge whizzes away tlmqavh
the wood still spring startled from tbcap-
tluckets. The w lid creatures of the grcen
proaching footstep. I have said I missed
trees in England, our buge monarch of
the Western forests. I found them at
"Windsor,and recognized the green crowns
or ay old friends of many years.
Those old Normans loved broad acres
and branching oaks. They admired the
sweep of a ereat forest's skirts, the roll
of a vast mountain side, the stretch of
broad meadows. They were land thieves
by nature. It is something left in the
blood. All English-speaking people
nave i ne jsorman hunger lor land, incy
atc indeed the best sailors that tail the
seas. Tbey are at home on the crest of
the wave, in every latitude. They traverse
land and sea, the most restless and ad
venturous ol peoples. It is the same with
both the great divi?ions,under St. George's
Cross, under the Stripes and Stars. But
in both caes they have an insatiable hun
ger for solid earth and plenty of it. That
tliey should "annex," is the law of their
"manifest destiny."
It breaks out in many ways. "We build
citiw, and yet we run away from New
York, as the Englishman rons away from
London. From all the appliances of civ
ilization in its most advanced form, the
Londoner flies to the fiords of Norway,
the wilds of Canada or Australia, as the
New Yorker camps out (n "John Brown's
Tract," or tries sleeping in a blanket on
the piains of Colorado. When all is over
and done, the English speech has a flavor
of the greenwood. Robin Hood had the
making of it as well as Shakespeare, who
indeed loved it as well as any other deer-
stealer. There is the echo in it of the
winds and the waters; of the surf upon
the shore, and the soughing branches of
the untrodden forest.
And all of us who learaed it in the
cradle, love broad spare, plenty of elbow
room, great trees, hill sides, prairies, the
large generosities and sciences of nature.
So if I tell you that my ride through
the forest of Windsor was more than half
delightful becaue it wa an afternoon of
home again, a real stretch of Western
land laid down in the heart of England,
you will not be surprised.
The other half of the enjoyment came
from the associations of its past. For
this forest, unchanged in essential fea
tures, has been forest for a thousand
Tears. William Rnfus hunted the red
deer here. Richard Lionheart ranked
under these trees his power for Palestine
Elizabeth rode through these glades, or
new her hawk at the ancestor of the
heron that whirls from vonJer sedge.
Shakespeare's fairies danced under these
shadowing oaks. The world bis changed.
The bouses in which thev lived thev
would know no more to-dav. The
great trees have not changed. The
branches under which the hunters
gathered to begin the chase or at its close,
canopy the greensward as of old, and the
ucather-bdl blooms purple, and the fern
grows green,and the sedge clusters round
the margin of the pool, as in the
days when England was young. It is
something to think of, that if the marble
figures of the armed kings in Cathedral
aisle or crypt in Normandy or England
should be suddenly moved to life, if the
great Queen asleep with the sleeping lions
pillowing bead and feet in Westminster
Abbey should suddenly awaken, the one
spot in all fair England that tbey would
recognize at sight, whether at the end of
seven centuries or of three, would lie the
forest glades they loved so well in the
brave davs of old."
The past came about me strangely in
my long, cileat ride. It mingled itself as
strangely with the present, with lonely
walks in Western woodlacd, by the
banks of crystal lake or sweeping river.
wita days when the semmer winds told
their mvstic stories all day long in the
crowns of elm and oak and whispering
pine. 1 he torest Drought trie dead kings
near, somehow. It made them seem as it
were but "Western men" of an earlier
date, pioneers in the vanguard of that
great army of their kindred, who have
been always moving westward, ami have
always loved the woods. ChurtX JcvtaoL
Biographical Sketch of Ex-Gor. Stan
ford. It is a large brick building in the south
ern part of the city. To and fro through
its vast extent clerks glide from room to
room in what to the casual observer must
seem a haste, the outcome of utter con
fusion, but which, indeed, is but the stir
born of the ordcrlv transaction of the
affairs of an immense corporation em
bracing the interests and exercising the
inncence ot fabulous wealth with its
power for good or evil far thousands of
men, women and children; interest coex
tensive with those of the American peo
ple, and a force which is felt from where
the wild Atlantic waves break in frozen
winter's spray oa tire eastern shores of
this vat continent to where, kissed by
the warm, balmy southern breezes, ih-r
break in silver s tmrklos against the coast
of semi-inpiesl Culiforata. la a private
room in this building, plainly yet hand
somely furnished, sits the ruler of the
vast array of clerk, engineers aad sur
veyors quartered hire and there throagli
this bouse of a bond red chambers. A
number of report, letters, communica
tions, etc., intended for his private eye
alone, are before him ; and, as be leant
his bead upon bis hand, perusing each
one in an inttaat, and then thro Ming it
atide, IK ui sketch the man. lie is
squarely built, aad, looking at his well
developed chest and large nostrils, you
say that he has along life before him and
comes of a long-lived race. There is I
plenty oi viuuir mere, lor Ms temper
ament is one which tend to keep in equi
poise the powers of mind and body the
vital motive. His eye is searching; it
loots -right through the deeds of mm."
His dark beard, intermixed with gray,
helps to conceal what friend and enemy
alike would call a determined chin. It
is that of a man who clings to his friend
with liooks of stecL but who will trample
on his enemy as he woald on a toad.
'Have fifty friends," says theltalian prov-)
erb, "it is not enough; have one enemy. !
u is ioo many." nave mis man lor your
enemy, then look to yourself. That
brain, broad at the base, speaks of a power
to battle on agilnH obstacles with a faith
which, for him, has "moved mountains;"
that forehead of Olympian height, gently
receding, evidences an intellect quick to
receive the germ of mighty schemes, and
to bring them to their highest fruition.
The impress of intelligence, energy and
firmness is on every feature of a dark
face furrowed with many cares. You
know tliat this man bat done a great deal
of work in the world; you feel that be
has still more to do. You arc not mis
taken. He is the President of a corpora
tion that owns lands equal in area to any
three of the New England State, and
greater than many of the Kingdoms of
the Old World. He has been the organ
izer of victory for labor against obstacles
before which weaker men would have
wailed forth, and did wall forth, non poi-
mV.uj; and he stands to-day after hav
ing conquered from nature an extent of
territory greater than that ever added by
the noblest Roman to the dominions of
his native land; after hiving poured into
the coffers of the corporation, at whoso
head be stands, a wealth greater than
even the wildest dreams of avarice like
another Alexander, sighing for uvrc
worlds to conquer.
Engraven oa a marble slab in this ren
ter of St. Paul's Cathedral Is the tribute
to it architect, "If you wish to see Sir
Christopher Wren's monument, look
around you." Go where you will in al
most any portions of California and you
will see Lelaud Stanford's monument.
His iron lines penetrating every fertile
region, over which thunders the long,
smoking trains laden with the rich
freight from all nations and with the fat
nets of our own land; these ars and
will remain his monuments forever. Like
Augustus who "found Rome mud and
left it marble," the great railroad Presi
dent of California found much of his
State desolate and unpeopled, and has
left it cultivated and blooming, her val
leys teeming with cities and villages, the
direct creation of his railroads.
The great poet tells us that "some are
bora great, some achieve greatae, and
some have greatness thrust ujson them."
To the second category bebngs the sub
ject of our picture. A descendant of Ave
generations of thrifty fanners, be opened
his ejes on the world at the old ancestral
homestead of Elm Grove, about eight
miles from the city of Albany, March 19,
ISil. His father, a man of marked pub
lic spirit and energy, was one of the ad
vocates of the Erie Canal, aad was among
the first promoter of a railroad between
Albany and Schenectady, in the Empire
State, the first railroad ever cosstructod
on the American continent. The energy
and public spirit of the father descended
as a heritage to the son, and verily he has
not wasted his talents, but gained others
over and above. He stadied law, but
nature never intended him for a profes
sion where words are frequently more
powerful than facts, technicalities than
reason. In 1S52, having abandoned law,
be came to California asd engaged in
mining. We come to ISC1. The war
cloud bad bunt upon the country, and
the Union was in 1U agony. California
was then the stronghold of the Southern
wing of the Democracy on the Paciac
Coast, and with the danger of the State
going out staring them in the face, the
leaders of the Republican party 1c Call
furnia chose the subject of our portrait
their standard-bearer fur the sccoad time,
and largely owing to the magBctissn of
his personal caavas, be was elected the
first Republican Governor of Cahforsia
by a majority of SSOO vt.tes over bis
highest competitor. At the preceding
State election, the Repsbftcaas did not
carry one county, nor did they pott 9,009
rotes in all California.
An accomplished, honest, and states
manlike governor Mr. Stanford proved
himself to be, so mech so that at the ex
piration of his term the Stale Legislature,
by a unanimous vute of both House, paid
him an unusual complimeat by paasiag a
resection of grateful thanks "far his
faithful, upright, and eminent services"
while Governor of this commonwealth.
Freed from the cares of ofSce, we find
him engaging in the mighty work of
uniting with bands of iron the Pacific
with the Atlantic. Never losing faith for
one moment, he makes a way fr that
great civilixcr, the locomotive, over lofty
cones which in seventy miles attain an
elevation of 7,0,2 feet, until oa the 10th
of May,lSC3, high on Promontory Mosn
tain, overlooking Salt Lake, he itnvs
the last 'pike in the last rail of the Cen
tral Pacific lUilmal. A telegraph wire
attached to the hammer flashes all through
the Union over the waste of waters, that
the conflict is at as end; that mistd has
triampbed over matter. This crowning
achievement has not been enough for this
Railroad King. In a few weeks be will
open to the world a new aad wecdreutly
rich co8Btry,now almost afcrra iucegnit;
in a few months he will open anew route
to the Atlantic.
Truly a rerireseatitivc man f the Pa
cific Ojasl is this Rvilmad King, with
ase sut&Vient of old Adam la bira to
make him enetnies of the milk of human
kindness to make him fiieedt. We Ksien
to him as he converses with asaboidiBate,
aad note the agrerable tones of a voice
eminently masical ; the rapid manner in
which he gives his iasiraetinn, aad we
know that to him time is too valuable to
allow the waste of a single moment.
AlthoBgh few public men have been
more MVcrt-ly lashed by a large portion
of the California press than be has been,
few cherish warmrr feelings for journal
ists, or more readily acknowledge the
power anu innuence oi me press, lie
has been heard to observe that "sot the
richest banker ou California street, nor
the ablest member of the Bar, wiolds as
much power as even an ordinary news-
patier reporter." He has taken the cnti
cisms of the press on his conduct ai a
public man, in the spirit ofooe who knows
. I .... . . m
iuai ins me penalty oi greatness, tor
"Hard Is his fate, oa whom the public gaze
Is Died forever to dclml or praise''
Should you wish to hear evil of this man,
there are those who will tell you of it.
On the other hand would you learn of
him naught but gooJ, any of the maay
young men who through him have bceo
enabled to open that oyster, the world.
will tell you how true, how generous, how
really great is Lcland rtanloru. 6. t .
Etening Pott.
A cowaxt has been formed in Switz
erland for unearthing the village of
rlurs, in tiranbunden, which was over
whelmed by fall of rock in 1018, nearly
1,000 penons perilling. A rich booty
is hoped for from the shujis, factories
and churches.
A late census of the beggars of
Paris gives a total of over 89JOD per
sons who follow this lucrative profes
sion, about equally divided between
me sexes.
Mrs. Stoxewjlll Jxcxsox will tnako
Charlotte, N. C, her permanent home.
A Daughter's Lore.
In the hour of punishment, lore always
has a last effort to make forhuman blame.
And that is often its happiest effort; for
affection may save at the last those who
have been brought to repentance for sin
only by sin' bitter results.
About forty years ago, an elderly man,
living in Wcitcrn Connecticut, who had
sadly reduced his estate by habits of in
temperance, found himself threatened
with an execution for debt which would
deprive him of his old home, and leave
him in friendless poverty. His daugh
ters, with one exception, had grown and
gone away, the one remaining at home
being an invalid, and his wife was quite
infirm. That his needy, but loving fam
ily, who had often pleaded with him to
ctuse his indulgence In strong drink,
must be turned out of doors was a pros
pect cruel in the extreme; and the thought
that b alone was to blame added remorse
to the sorrow that sobered him now.
There was a mortgage of eleven hun
dred dMIars on hs place, and the holder
wanted his coney and would not wait.
In rain the aged debtor had begged for
a little extension of time. The creditor
had no sympathy for a borrower who had
made and kept himself poor by his own
vices.
On the morning of the day when the
mortgage was to be foreclosed, the un
happy old man, unbeknoac to his fami
ly, to whom be bad never told the desper
ate state of his affairs, called at the office
of the lawyer who had the bnslness in
charge, aad made one more pitifal appeal.
But nothing could be done for him, and,
certain at last that the threatened blow
must fall, be sank into a chair, complete
ly overcome. The lawyer, who could not
help feeling some comptsioa for bis mis
ery, did not disturb him; aad he sat there
two hours like one stunned. At the end
of that time, a carriage drove hastily to
the door, and, a moment after, a lady en
tered the ofSce. She stopped and gazed
tenderly at the old man who still sat with
his face buried in his hands.
"Father!"
The old man suddenly raised his head.
It was a long absent daughter returned to
him in distress. "O Margaret, you have
found me in a sad timel Every thing
looks dark. Your poor mother aad sitter
will be turned out of toors. I eaa'f go
and tell them I"
"There, there, father, hear me nnw,"
said the lady, the tears gathering in her
eyes. "D& yo think you could live the
rest of yar Kfe a temperate man if this
mortgage was paid efL aad you hail your
home again!"
-Oh, jes, I cosld, and I would if it
would do any good, but "
"Then sign the pledge, father. I have
it here, aad tit tvror. to."
The delighted old man at once put his
same to the pledge, his debt was paid, aad
bis daughter accompanied him back ts
the old ha she had redeemed. It was
the happiest day of his life, far it was
the day of his referraatioo.
Margaret was herself poor, but she had
saved the eleven hundred dollars out of
her own earnings while working In a mill.
asd bearing somehow of her father's ex
tremity, she gave it all ts an offering of
filial and Christian love. Ycl.'i Cva-
paaioa.
The Luzerne Leader says, "The propo-
sitioa to supersede coal by the use of car
bonic gas extracted from chalk has been
subjected to a practical test, aad with
very satisfactory results. Extracted aad
applied to anthracite, it produces a strong
fluae and heat, and at so slow a rate of
combustion that a good fire was main-
. ? r - r
uiocu tor iwcsiy-aine oours in a lurnace
wbica beats a church, with only fifty six
posed of anthracite, aad an equal quan
tity of chalk mixed with it during that
time. Through the aid of this remark
able property of chalk the lignite known
as shale may be used for the production
of aa illaminating gas to aa extent which
will appear incredible. Even the coars
est clay of this singular formation i full
of gas, aad the experiments made in
Eaglaad, though imperfect, show that
eae ton ef this substance, together with
a asc piujKirwim oi coaia, win yiciu a?
(rdtnary coal. From these tests the ia
voator argues that London will be warmed
aad lighted at half the preheat cost; that
smokf, duit and other nuisances might
be avoided, aad the kitchen fire, with
some slight alterations in the grate, might
sspply the bouse with light.
DflWTf 1 a Coif-Mfcc ThnVtCHpnUr
of obtaining coal at greater depths than
l. . l f , r . , a
wt"K nuw icicjicu ts more lurmiuauie
than is commonly supposed. It is well
known that at a depth of fifty feet below
the surface of the earth Eoglish geolo
gists mark a zone of equable tempera
ture, the thermometer there showing 50
degrees. Observation shows, too, that
this temperature increases at the uniform
rate of 1 degree for every fifty fite feet;
so that at the depth of 1,700 feet the tem
perature is about 78 degrees. One mine
in England, 1.CJ0 fret deep, is, it is stated,
already worked to great disadvantage,
owing to the inability of the miners to
endure the steady heat. In the colliery
the shaft is 2,376 feet deep, and the tem
perature is 99 degrees, or blood heat, and
there prolonged labor is impossible. The
limit of profitable mining, therefore, is
believed to be about 1,700 feet, and at
1,000 additional feet mining is impracti
cable. At the depth of 4,000 feet the
temperature would, according to this, be
nui ieai man vii degree, aad at iu.uuu
feet it would be at the boiling point, if
not higher.
Whilk man makes a fool of himself
by wasting his money by self-indulgence
or speculation, a woman manages to do
the same thing through the means of her
tongue or ber heart. She talks herself
into tribulation, or she gives her love to
some worthless creature who becomes the
bane of her life. It is over bis empty
purso that a man generally stands and
clenches his hands, and mutters, "I've
made a fool of myself." It is over her
empty heart that a woman usually walls
forth the same words. Such is the differ
ence between the sexes.
llusslan Finances.
We should always take the reports in
imical to Russia with considerable al
lnwanco,ticcc they tome to us from Eng
lish sources, where every one Is suffering
from Russophobia, more or less violently.
Still we must believe that much said of
the defects in the governmental system,
and the abuses prevailing everywhere,
have a very respectable foundation in
truth. Russia, her government and her
people are all anachronisms. They are
far in the reir of Western civilization.
She is to-day, socially.what Germany and
' France and England were 100 years ago.
she presents precisely the same phenom
ena. The bae of the scial pyramid Is
like the base of French and German so
cial organization, before the French rev
olution composed of a vast herd of land
tilling pra'aala, coarse, brutal, wholly
ignorant animals, living in hovels, eating
the roughest food, wanting the common
eat comforts of life, and treading a dull,
s tapid, weary round of life that is, mer
cifully, very brief. Betide them the
slaves of our border States were cultured
and intellectual beings.
Above this is the nobility, which nearly
approaches the other extreme of the so
cial position. The nobles lead lives of
luxury on the gains wrung from the
humble serfs. They are well educated in
what constituted education is the last
part of the eighteenth century. They are
familiar with French, the courtesies of
the drawing-room, and expert feacers,
riders and shots. The middle da the
salvation and strength of any couatry
is very scanty in numbers.
Naturally sccb a couatry auit be ill
governed, and suffer from countless evils
that more progressive lands escape from.
And it follows, farther, that the conse
quences will shew mott dtsatreuslr in
the workings of the financial ij stern.
This is true of the present time, when the
country seems os the brink of a revulsion,
that will be overwhelming.
The Goversmeat and the private banks
have been borrowing right and left, but
now lenders seen seriously alarmed, and
this is always the harbinger of trouble.
It has bcea discovered that the Mctsal
Land Mortgage Company ef Russia has
just floated its twelfth series of 10,000,000
rouble bonds making 120,000,000 roa
ble,or f33,00.000. The Central Land
Mortgage Baak of Russia was aa equally
generous borrower. There ii no way of
arriving at a satisfactory statement of the
conditirs of imperial fiaaaces, bat esoaja
is known to make it sure that the Gov
ernment is ruaniag in debt several tail
lion dollars each year, aad that all
efiWts to make the rrreese equal ex
penditures have brea melancholy failures.
If RuMia withdraws from the war with
Turkey to which she has committed her
self, it will be because the erasbiag ef
her wbefe Saaacaal aad commcrcta! fab
ric in ber rear compels her te do so.
Hard Times in Xew York.
The namber ef latrers aaeaployed
and seeking work ia this city is said to
be 53,000. The figures are sdiy signifi
cant. It would not probably bo saying
bo much to afirm that they represent at
least 100,000 persons in actual waat, or
nearly so, of tae cecesaaries of life. This
gisef us a discoaragisg aggregate of dis
comfort and sufieriag, to which must be
added a probable increase in vice aad
crime, "srsterday the workiagmen peti
tioned the Common Coeacil sol fur aim
but fur work. There seems to be some
difficulty, we are sorry tofiad,in respond
injr favorably to the appeal. The Com
missioner has $200,000 ia hand to be ex
pended upon the streets, bat nothing can
bo done with ihesa until the frost is out
of the ground. So also it b toe early is
the season to start wotk es the docks.
There will soon, however be work for ose
thousand men oa the Riverside Park aad
for several huadrcd on the Millbmok sew
er. The Saperiateadeat of the Baitdiac
Department anticipate the crcctioa of
maay nouses tJus spring. At the parks
there is something to be doae, but the ap
propriations are so small that only one
fifth of the utual force can be employed.
Here i-S it would seem, but a poor pros
pect for a considerable portion al the 55,000
unemployed. It is to be hoped, however,
and may be reasonably expected, that the
spring will take a couiidcrabte number
of laborers into the country, where tbey
really beloog aad where there will be
food aad wages for a season. X. Y.Tri-
Carltle. Harriet Muticeaa thought
Cariyle a national benefactor. She say:
"What Wordsworth did for poetry, in
bringing us out of a conventional idea
aad method to a true and simple one,
Cariyle has done for morality. lie mvr
be himself the mtcuiio4s oppodtioa to
himself, be may be the greatet manner
ist of his age while denouncing conren
tionalism, the greatest talker while eu
logizing silence, the most woeful com
plainer while gtorifyiag fortitude, the
most uncertain aad stormy in mood while
holding forth serenity as the greatest
good within the reach of man; but be
has, nevertheless, infnsed into the mind
of the Englbh nation a sincerity, earnest
cess, heal tilt nines aad courage which can
be appreciated only by those who are old
enough to tell what was our morbid state
when Byron was the representative of our
temper, the Clspham Dicrch of our telig-
ion, and the ruttenbo rough system of our
I political morality. If I am warranted in
I believing that the society I am bidding
i farewell to is a vast improvement upon
mat which I was born into, i am confi
dent that the blcstcd change is attribu
table to Carlylo more than to any single
t a i..Vi,
inuuence ucsiuc?.
Civiutt is to a man what beauty is to
a woman. It creates an instantaneous
impression in nis oeuaii, wmie the oppo
site quality excites as quick a prejudice
agaiast bim. It is a real ornament-, the
roost bcauiitui dress that a man or wom
an can wear, and worth more as a means
of winning favor than the finest clothes
and jewels ever worn.
'X Aittss your accounts and conduct
9 a .
rrery nignu
"Executive Ses-ilons" of the Senate.
Just before the close of President
Grant's term, he issued a broclamation
calling the Senate to meet oa the 5th of
March in extra session, to trantact "ex
ecutive business." Such a session is al
ways held at the beginning of every
Presidents term.
"Executive business" Includes those
duties of the Senate which it shares jrith
the Executive or President. Under the
Constitution all officers appointed by the
President muit be cooSrmed or approved
by the Senste. All tretties made uj the
President must be ratified, or consented
to by the Senate. The consideration of
these matters always takes place "in ex
ecutive session," from which all persons
other than Senators, except the Secretary,
are excluded.
There are good reasons why this busi
ness should be done secret I v. In the
case of officers nominated for the ap
proval of the Senate, the debates must be
personal. It is the duty of the Senators
to discuss frerly the question whether
the person nominated is fit to be ap
pointed. Very few men would have the
courage to speak their fall mind at such
a time if they knew thit all they said
would be publbbed in the newspapers,
and read by the person about whoa the
remarks were made.
When a rote is pawed to "proceed to
the consideration of executive butinesa,"
the olScers of the Seaate immediately
clear the floor aad the galleries of all
persons except ienatir. z.ven the pas
sages about the chamber are cleared, and
all the doo? are locked aad guarded.
The members are bound by the strongest
obligations not to reveal what piv?s
within.
The public learns what is doae, but
sot bow it is done. We do not know
that any Senator has ever written a de
scription of au executive session, but it
b easy to guess at the course af proceed
ings. We know that the business b laid
before the Senate in the form of messages
from the President, atkiag the Senate to
consent to the appointmeat of such a
person to such a pautioa. The nomina
tion b referred to a committee, which
reports ia favor of or against confirming
lot semination, the quuaoa is debated
like aay ether matter, and the rote b
taken as In open easioa.
As a matter of ftct, we know nuch
more than this. There are some Sena
tors who are known to be "leaky." A
ski'.ful csrres poadeat caa learn the sab
stance of all that is said or dose ia secret
session, soaetimes withsut the pervoa
who gives hla the information being
aware that be b violating hb obligation
of secrecy.
There was, not taxny years ago, a Sen
ator, who was known ti the Washiegtoa
newspaper men as the efScial reporter of
secret seiics. tie was a geatleaan
whose uprigblae aad faithfulness were
kaoa and acknowledged by all. He
wousd have been filled with henrst anger
if any person bad hisied that he ever
spoke whes he should be aileat, or that
be ever tald what be ocht not to telL
Yet nethicg was easier taan to get a fall
report from hb lips.
It b a custom in the Senate not to re
fer to a com mi ttee the nomination to office
of any person who is or has been a Sesator.
The system of requiring the confirma
tion of appoinbseau by a branch of the
Legislature, is peculiar to America. It
is wholly unknown elsewhere. Ia Eng
land, France, aad otner countries the
executive departs: est appoints and re
moves officers, without asking any per
mission. Those who have studied our
institutions ia their practical working
are not agreed whether our plan is a
good one or a bad oee. It accomplishes
some good and it does some harm. Gjd
or bad, we are not likely ever to hate a
change. The Senate w'ill never co&seet
to aa amendment of the Constitution that
would take away their privilege of con
firming or rejecting the Presideat's nom
inations to public office. TtXi Cm
poairo. Prxuchdco is Welch. The Welch
are very proud of their native tongue,
and think it far superior to the Eagtisa
in richness aad melody. Bishop Thirl
wall, one of the mn$t accomplished
scholars ia the Eagluh churnh, aad a
great lover of the Welch, had a comical
experience, ia an attempt to plea; his
diocese, wbica included a part of Wales,
by preaching ia theirowa language. He
prepared a sermon in Welch, to preach
in oae of bis annual visitations. Reading
the language with ea-e, and writing the
sermon with great care, he did not doubt
that his Welch people woald be delighted
with his attempt to preach to them in
tLciroan tongue, lie delivered it ac
cordingly in thi first church he visited,
aad tritd to find out, by hints aad even
by direct questions, bow it was liked.
Bat the answers were all evasive. The
good bish p was puzz ed, and wisely de
termined not to repeat it ia other places.
The next rear whea he visited this
parish, one of the vestrymen ventured to
ask him whether be tateaUeu to preach
in English or Welch, and remarked, "I
was intending to ask you to preach in
Eoglish, if agreeable to yourself, for
then we caa understand most of your
sermon. But la,t yer, whea we sup
posed you were trying to ase Welch, none
of us could quite make out what you.
were saying." The bishop never re
peated hb experiment.
Prodablt many have found out the
fact for ihcrnselTcs, but few hate, if aay,
ever heard it stated so forcibly as Pro
fessor Huxley did it in a recent lecture:
"That a man's worst difficulties b?gin
when he b able to do as he likes. So
long as a man is struggling with obsta
cles, he has aa excuse for failure or short
coming; but, when fottune removes them
all and gives him the power of doing as
he thiuks best, then comes the time of
trial. There is but oae right, aad the
possibilities of wrong are inaaite."
Thk IIoo. Smith Wright, of Willbton,
Yt., is fattening for market 8,000 head
of poultry, to which he b feeding seventy
five bushels of graia. Of the above
number 3,800 are geese, 2,800 are tur
keys aad 1,400 are ducks.
Further Prom Stanley.
According to a di-patch from London
ia Tuesday's Iltrald, three letters, writ
ten in August, 1878, have been received
from Stanley. At that time he had
reached Lis old quarters at Ujiji, on the
eastern shore of 'Lake Tanganyika,
where be met and succored Livingstone,
on hh first jooraey to find that explorer.
This little town and trading post of the
Zanzibar Arabs has already become
familiar ground; it is comparatively
healthy, and furnishes at least partial
supplies to an exploring expedition.
The fact that Stanley, and his asabtant,
Pollock, were ia good health at the time,
after nearly two years of hardship and
exposure. Mugur well for the continued
success of the enterprise-
Tbe geographical discoveries an
nounced in these last letters, judging
from the somewhat meager outline fur
nished us, are of leis importance bn
might have been anticipated. They will
probably contribute maay additional
details to our knowledge of the region
lying between the three great lakes; bat,
thus far, they give tu ao new feature de
rived from personal exploration. Stan
ley's coarse, after leaving the Albert
Nyacza, must have been through the
country of King Ramanika, which was
visited by Speke aad Graat; for the
"Lake Windermere," which he b an
nounced as bavin; discovered, was act
ually seen aad aaxaed by the torrasr, who
also hare much to say of the Kageera (or
Kagira) River. Stanley may be correct
inlaimiaz that this river is the largest
feeder of the Victoria Nyaaxa, aad one
of the mala sources of the Nile; but he
did not discover it, aad hence has so
right to give it the name of "Alexandra."
His end carer to follow it westward was
frustrated by the hostility of the salivas
of a region called Ursnoi, lying nearly
between the Albert Nyaaxa aad Lake
Tanganyika. He was informed, however.
that the Kageera Rrver Sawed ost of a
lake called Nyaaxa Chu Ngoant," which
was two days' canoe-sailiag in width.
If this report be tree, it b of the high
est interest aad is portaace, asd S Haley's
friends must regret that be missed ose of
the best ctnacea of his journey, thus tar.
From the Kageera River to Ujiji, wa
have no report of aay sew geographical
feature.
Stanley's drcuanavigadoa of Lake
Tanganyika b simply a repetitiosi of
r- - i . -l r y i s
v. aoa uucrouzg. ax ae TrwTe ac
curate observations and sieaturesents,
he may add to or correct some of the
features of the latter. Ia any case, the
time was well spent, aad hi report of
the voyage cannot fail to famish a great
deal of valuable iafcrmstiea. In regard
to the Lukuga River, which Cameron,
considers the outlet of the lake, by
which its waters fiuw westward to the
Lualaba, or Congo, the dispatch is cca
iuscd. It states that the Lukuga is at
present "a creek, running insaad through
a deep depress a, which extends west
ward for great distance. But the lake,
by continually increasing its area aad
raising its level, will find an outlet
through the Lukuga River." This pre
suppstcs that there is no outlet at pres
ent. Grebe a diffcreat oae.
Stanley caxt move b aasocaced as
being toward Nyangwe, the most north
ern point reached by Liviagstoae, oa the
Lualaba River. There will be ao great
difficulty in reaching that point, but
very great labor and oiria wilt be re
q aired to advance beyoad it. Cameron
prosed forward a little space, and was
then compelled to tarn abuat; we shall
now see whether Staaley is either bolder
or more fortunate. Hb plccar and en
durance hare beea fully tested, asd no
oae will deny that be has earned the
right to be suecetsfal to the end. After
waat he has already done, be might sow
come horse with honor. Bat he chooses
to go on, and Ue whole civilized wond
will rejoice if he ges to viciory. 3". T.
An Innocent Heiress.
An illiterate peasant girl, a servant ia
a prominent family of South Maitlaad,
Australia, Las lately inherited a million
aad a half of francs, or $500,000. The
gulden shower has descended to the heir
ess from the will of a distant relative of
whose existence she was ignorant, but
who had made a Urge fortune ia Ameri
ca, and left it to this girl aad ber brother
ia eqaal portions. The brother Is a
stable boy ia a wealthy family near
Paris. Both are utterly without edu
cation, not even knowing bow to read.
The lady with whom the heiress contin
ues to live while the affairs of the de
funct relative are beicg settled, b vainly
trying to give some clear aotioa of the
importance of the fortune she tus fallen
int ; bat it seems impossible to make
her see either the responsibilities it will
entail or the necessity of taming it to
useful account. Her sole idea ia connec
tion with her improved fortune b to
have "a little bouse in the country aad
a good lot of fowls." She stubbornly
refuses to leant to read and write, de
claring that she can look after "the little
house and the fowls' without either.
"Bat how will you manage yourserTaatsl"
urged ber mbtress, "if you do not take
the trouble to improve yourself and ac
qnire a better idea of things!" "Ser
vants" answered the girl, with Freaea
gestures of amazement and di-gust, "Do
you think I would have tenant? Why,
what should do if I had servants to do
my work I No, no; no servants for me.
I waat n- oue to meddle with my little
house and my fowls. I shall take care
of them myself."
A arru: Quaker had two horses, a
very gtsad and a very poor one. Whea sees
riding the latter it turned out that fak
better half had taken the good oae.
"WhstP said a sneering bachelor, "how
comes !t that yon let your wife ride the
better horsel" The only reply was:
"Friend, when thee is married thee'U
know."
As Irish major recently declared ia a
Dablia debating society that "he wss ao
mere political tyro, but came to the bar
of public opinion armed with experieaea
acquired la thru heisphei,"