Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Oregon spectator. (Oregon City, O.T. [i.e. Or.]) 1846-1855 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 28, 1848)
i r,. n.Zi-, Jl.v iV ' ZrJSM OREGON 5 m Ali ,.. .I.OS 1J wu " WMtwan tha Mar 1 s. .It vlOVf J?rt " " w 'rr'fPs ,. - -- y " .. w - J, ( ii Mn"m mw smBSiBak.iBPiaaBBi .v 4 bbbjbbbb a aaaaa - ,-Mte- . f..,- .v-.r bk Lf U "A If I m T (! -1 M'bDJbF' v v b bb m b y an y ; "ibbt . i.wMV'MWa bb ?bbj II I I I lMMBMBMBBJBBBBBBBBBBBM ,fV,aS4'V m Ji to. Vol. 3. Feast Ik Nsw Ytfk Trie AiInmmm V LECTURK III BY J. P. NICIIOL, L.L.D. Rtporttdfor At THhm ty 0. Dyer, Ik rhonagraphtr. Tb Solar System. Its plan and molitn. Urn. Lawe governing motion. Gra. vltatlen. Centrifugal and centripetal foroea. Copernioua Nawton. (Jail, leo. Kepler. Eueler, Clalraul and D'Alembert. Lee BarnoulllU Mao laurln. Lagrange and Laplao. Ad am and Lvrrlr. Discovery of Ura uui. In stratus movsments. Disco. vary of Neptune. Sublime position of Leverrier before lha Royal Academy of IHru. Concluding remarks. PrawMoT Niohol remarked, previous to oomreeaelag Ma lecture, tlial ha bad, after malar ooaelderailon, concluded that it would ba advisable to divide the lecture aaaunod for th at enlng into two lee. luraa, aa It would ba Impoailbla for him to do tha eublscts which ba wished to preeenl lo tha audleaoe anything Ilka juttlos In one lecture. After tha applau with which lata nnounoemeni wai received bad aubaldad, lha eloquent Professor apoke as follows: LatUtt and Gentlemen proorad to ex. poae, a aritlng out of tha meohaulsm of our planetary ayatem, through effect of man'a profound and triumphant explora tion of lie eecrett, a discovery ihanVhich tha entire annate of physical ecience pm. bably present uone more brilliant or appa rently strange lo endeavor lo remote ilia difficulties and doubtfulneu with which that remarkable achievement hai seemed to aomt to be surrounded and, if I can. to clear away all obKuritiet connected wiih he history. I feel persusded that it were needle", errn at the outset, lo drsll wilh any nu clei attention on the nutllnn nr Bene re I constitution of our alanetary scheme, lor they hive for the must rt pqssed, ae the agee hive ooureed alonit, among the de tail of common knowledge; but illicit (he entire discoveries, whove steps we lull seek to follow, Is but a deduction from tint ooastltution. I do tritt I will be pirdomvl If, even here, I M-ek for the eake of future dlitincineet to ailiibil la you auociully poaiible the moat Important of the ele. mentary fecit relating lo our' ayttom to whiab wa mail raqutra iraquenuy to ap peal. 1 need not mora than refer to the plen. wary ayatem, whloh, ae wa Ant deeory it, le alike simple and majeMio. Re.ting in oaa portion of epaoe, from whloh hit tutre la dinuaed through lha profunditiee which environ him, it the tun our magnificent luminary, ranking In glory and corrrtpon. ding in detliny with the myriadt of the flied atari. Around thit orb, which illu. mlntt, oherlthet and uphold thum, tliote tmiller wortdt of which our earth it one roll, with admirable and unwavering regularity, at divara dittancee and in tta. ted periodt. Nearett of all Ii placed the planet Mercury ; next in remotoneaa wn detory the brilliant Venui; then our Earth with in Moon ; then Mare ; then that complex group of until pianola, (At teroidea,) remarkable through their ex treme dimloutiveoeat, ard alio bocaum lha orbita In which tl.o. move ao nearly approach each other, that one mean dlt. lanua might almott be taken aa Indicating tha potltlon of them all ; behind thete Ilea Jupiter with hit tUlellllee iho nobleat aad moat beautiful among the aecondary oonttltuentt of our eyttem I then Bilurn with hla Mooaa and remarkable ring j and ally, lb planet Uranut, which, until tha advent ot tbeaa latter revalatlona, we deemed to ba at tha out r limit of plane, tary exlttenoe the remoett of the regu lar global attendant on our Sun. Tula plan, eotlmple in Itaelf, waa not eaaity diaoovared bv mankind, and waa not arrived at till after long yean of per plexity and toil, The dieoovery of It gave Immortality to the name of Coperniout. Thia dieoovery, grind and eubltme though It waa, did not eetlify lha aver icllvehu man mind. Tha queetlon epeedily be cam, not merely In what order are ihete varlout orba located, and In what manner do they move but, oan that meohaniim aa a whole, be reconciled with any known mechanical princlplea are Iheae arrange menta of tha heavena ipdloative of the pretence of lawi whooe efficaoy wo dia. earn among tha ohangea mora immediately around utt It waa the anawer lothii question that bestowed Immortality upon the great Englishman, 81r laaao Nawton. Prior to hla lime chiefly, In fact, by the aagaoity ol Galileo and John Kapler one grand principle, eharaeterlstlo of4he hib. Itudea of all bodlea in motion, had been aatUfaotorlly evolved and apprehended. it... ikU ! Swnr led . a TtttMnt an i.li or aiaer dtnoHtkm in meee, mill m mrd fa KrefrU ar, iJfdirtc tioHtf&i irllhM fort, prcijdtd It ton. Now, on a Ant glano at the eyttem of the planetary motloni, It la manifest, that these orba do not move In atraigni lines, but In wwlmaeiM ckitm; and therefore k. i ihalr alatlna condition cannot be ex. plained, by tha mar supposition of their having been onoa aei in motion py .1.1 Immilu ar force t nav. It follow lm medlauly, that, to thU primal moving power, the action of aoro othr dUturblng foro mutt B aoaeo, o u iww ena be explained ; and a llttlo deeper unn. aideratlon will ihow, tint thli wound foao cannot be one that lilt morrly acted at a certain epoch and thru ceased ; but that, on the contrary, lit energy la uni'i-iitigur tonllnuoiu. The leading charicK-riatii'a of the se cond power did nut long escape tlm per sistent sigicily nf New Ion. lie iliav-rui-d, almost on his earliest glance, that it mutt be a power dlretled inward the centro of the oui ; so llisl I lie cnndllion of each planet Uemed to be this ll Is sustained In lie actual oourn hy the conflict and equl. llbrtum of two forces one, the reull of Ihe first Impulae, or ciiiik of lis motion, which would Induce It to fly oiTliilospsci-; and another, a rrilralnlng ovrr In unln lerrupled action, which of tittlf would cause the hody lo nas Inward the contrit of tho sun. Aiiliuatiil h ihi trnlrc. serkluu li'iidinrv on lliu ouo hand, and llio ttnlrlfugal, nr cent re flying tendency on the other, the planet Jupitor, for Initaiic, rollt hit uncrasiiiu round in a pith aub. jret to no accident, ard, ju ss far as this goet. incapaiilo ol clungo ; iml at II is tho sime centril luthorlty, merely chsnglng Instrrngth, along with the dis'ance of thn body Irom Oic rut which atTectt all the orbs of our syie.n fnun Mercury ever hid within ihr solar rays, .to the remote and inlKwpitahln Uranus: Its wit-haiiNm appears as Iniple as its l.lnn the remit of only two of ihow primary nrdinsnces, that guhle Hie phcnoinrna nr motion' Ma. i ny profound inquiries deeper indeoil than mill hn th- ii-iwer lo rewiivo ire Inevl. tihly suugeslid hy tho scheme whose sim iliclty hss thus burst on ii". What, fur Instsnce, Is themieer which hlndi til the) nrbs to I lie sun's centre r Atlratlion, gra. viialion tlieso are Ihe names we have bMowod utnn it ; lull what mean they 1 whit the Ides we are entitled lo attach to them f Our positive knowledge, Indeed, goes no farther than this thtt ihe order of Ihe plinetary motions cin lie t J pressed by a certain law ; that the places each orb occupies successively, In tlm course of its revolution, admit of being so joined to. gethor; or denoted in their, totality, by the central Influence we have assumed. Is gravltstlon, then, only a name for this succession i Or rather, is it not tha ap parition of some primal foro or power, which by the order it bestows on material events manifests its character and Influ ence t Tku, at least, wa know far aa our ken at present extends, whether w follow those singular and tnejettio aotivl. lira among the double, triple, or quadruple stars; or adventure still farther, even among those awful adyta where the migh tier groups of the Stellar Universe lake on their forms and significance the in fluence of this august law ever meets our f;sie, preserving through all that exists, Is matchless order, and in silence elabo rating thoae more perfect developments, which will occupy the durations to come. (Applause.) I mentioned In my last lecture, that we find this law acting in the most remote ststemt exactly is it acts in our own. Yes! this subtle law difliisrsitsclfthmugh. out nil spice, and curbs with lis ir resist, able might the wayward tendency of the nioit majestic and fa roll" orb. (Appliuse.) The account of the mechanism of our system, which I have just presented, is very far from being the correct or com- fileted one. We shall rind it necessary, ndeed, for the tako of distinctness, or at least highly advantageous, to begin our investigation by realising even this im perfect view : but it conveys little con ception of tho actual structure of a scheme which It at complex at that representation was timplo; and which, ao far from pre aentlns tha orbit of any planet ae the ba! lire. I. ance. of only two tendencies, derives it from Iho equilibrium of eympathles alike multiplied and changeable eympathiee, uniting ny some tnvisinie conn noi ine planets with tho aun merely, but every atom of matter within our ayatem with every other ; and diffusing through its en tire domains a unity so period aim com prehenslve, that ll most resembles the wondrous vitality of tome orsaniced and sensitive framework, The principle of that unity is aa fellows : Ilia attraction or gravitation which, by drawing the plan ett toward the sun, restraint ihem within a definite curvilincal orbit, it not, at wc have just euppoaed, coufim-d to ihe tun, or exemplified by lla action, alone. Speaking of it in Iho usual, and, I believe, also in Ihe most correct manner, it it an tntrgn 00 Joret rttmplijuil y rrery particle 0 mot- ier. so universal is mis energy, any so unlimited its sphere, that even ihlaamote thai I hold in tny hand atoda forth an ef feoilvo notice of its belnavto ihe remotest orb ainoiiii the pnifouiid n-cessi-s ol'-pioej nay, alter lit relative potltlon by a quan tity however small, and your arl ia full throughout ihenniailiomitd nnivcrinl The amount of influence it exerit. it is true, it alight, unmuiiiurable, liifinllrailmal ; but nevertheless an inflitenco it dora cxi rl on the remotest orb that wings Its inyslio flight through space. Before thn vision of a harmony so unbroken, of a mechanism ao vatt, so complex, and yet ao perfect, the thoughtful mind cannot avoid being penetrated with awat Yet I thlt fabric it indeed the offspring of Omniscience, and under lb care of a government whloh protects alike th mtjetilo and the fceble within whose auautt. whoa perfect har- monlea, th fragile lllly taauqa from ita Oregon City, (Oregon Territory,) Thursday, December 28, I Mem, robed ai the moat beautcvilt queen, and the feathered songster pours forth thueo bursts of melody which are heard oven sinld the solomn mutlo of the start. (Unmt appliuae.) There arc two speolal points in tho Solar .HyMem, aa wn must now view It, to width I wuuld hero solicit particular a(. (initio II, Tho simplicity of tho conditions under which each planet performs its motions has now vanished utterly away. Not only ' Is it attracted bv the sun. hut since ora ' vilatlon la universal by ovcry other orb I having part among its arrangements. Re. fer unci' more lo the planetary system, ai)d observe the case ay of tha plane! . Jupiter. That orb still Indeed obeys the infl"uces I formerly adverted to. viz., hla own tendency lo fly off into space, and tlhsl counteracting tendency in virtue which he would, if unclwcteil. move to. ; ward the centre of the suu ; but beside, i he la pulled by all tho other planets, In niol iriout directions: and not only with I various, but ever-varying forces, Inasmuch I as racn is "ragging him toward llseii Willi au energy depending on lie sito and dls. tsneo; and that distance is through ihosn motions which are tho life of the system always changing, ll it true incieeu, ran will be reaoily manliest, thai of all these powers whose oflloe It Is to I give the planet a ourvilineal instead of ita , I ntturil rectilineal path, the energy of the pstii. the energy or the till ! lit, fP lltM mwf ImnnriBHl . Imp I have said, one element in the eftVaoy of' " - -J ". ...M l. ,,,,,P. ,.,, , .V,, um power cxcrciseo ny any body over a tiother, Is the mytiutvl 01 the defUctins boJy ; and the aun immensely transcends tho aggregate of all lha planets, whloh are rather his subordinate attendants. The sun's action, then, Hill determine! In A main ihe path of Jupiter and the other orbs; and the action of Ihe neighboring pianeis onty a untrue mis pain, or impres ses on it certain changeable irrt guliniiet. tor instance, lr Ihe tun alone bad acted, Jupiier would revolve around th central luminary In a perfectly true, or accurate geometrical curve, vlx., th ellipse ; and that ellipse may still ba deemed lb nor. mat or am path of that Uoet his feal on vibrating around ii. To determine that normal ellipse in the case of any pla net might have bean no arduous task ; but nowamwraai wun ihete dartatione from real ll tbsjaatrr.blnlaf BiaaraaaisaJ To Adetity wkk which ha oan traoa and aall. mau dlraetlani and qajnntlttaaaa nratabl ana evinuetnt, m in nignnat attaiaetant oflheaatrooomerj an objaot incWWrnoat worthy of thee tqilt that have occupied him since the lifetime of Nawton. Many a midnight baa been consumed In th ar duous pursuit ; and success in lb moat difficult portions of Ihe enterprise, baa con ferred on several names a distinction that will never die. Refore mo in greatest brilliance arise Ibat illustrious triumvrate Eueler, Clalraut, D'Atcmbert ; on one side of Ihem the great family of ihe Bar. noulllis; on Ihe other, our own Maclaurin: and in later timet those two chiefs, seated on twin summits Lagrange and Laplace; frun whom, again, the mantle baa de scended and fallen on men most worthy lo bear it a company goodly in number a n J anient in hope ; among whom, how ever, Ihe eye easily discerns aa ever conspicuous those illustrious fellow-vic. tors In the race, Adams and Leverrier. (Applause.) Them- ' .ication of chief moment, how. ever, winch thit completed idea of gravi tation impresses on cur conception of Ihe Solar Syatem, Is thia; No part of It can be regarded aa eeparate or independent each orb being united by Ilea which cau not be severed, Kith all tie oAtre. in regard nf the chief feature of ita being. So Tons as we regard lha aun aa the sole self or tnis attractive energy, any pianei might be removed from the system without other consequence than the disappearance of a ttarirom our sites: annihilate Jupiter, tor instance, ana an oinere would, in tnai case, roll onward precisely aa before, n courses perfectly determinate and geo metrically regular. Rut if the merest pebble on a beach cannot be removed, without remote start discerning lis change of position, how entirely impossible thia unobserved annihilation nf Jupiter I Nay, so far from any plane! being independent, or, aa I should rather say, vered from re lations with the great univaraa (lor tuch, In the present case. It Iho ineanlna- ol fa. Wrpeudtnee,) if we mulct ounBtaUU I to its motloni or orbit, and to Ita abaojorr magnitude, thai planet may ba said lo be det'rmined Of, or lo oe At reeut of, Ike concurrence of at habitude of all the oth er. In tho caas of Jupiter, for instance, tupposo him concealed from my sense ot uion, Dy oring Derail 01 me power iojs- radlanoe of the aun ' aMffiht ncviTOili'ts, as ne roils in thai I orbit, hla presi-ncc must bo revealed in Intellectual vUlon, by his Influence on the moilooa of the nrbilihln hit reach t yra. Ihx irrtg ular and then iiniocounted-fnr innilouiof Saturn, wuuld point toward tha reality ol that planet and oould we aright interpret thoin, they would unfold alike the magni tude of Iho foro Ihti hit caused ihem or, what la Ihe sainn thing the mas or weight of Jupiter and alio lb variability or ahangcablene of thai fcroe, whloh, being Interpreted, slgnlfl Ike orbit and motions of Jupiter even aa tmeninglu and unceatintlu at At nutmttmut tf At mutUrim tmilt tttttf At iiftttim m InUiuili of At Intuenee toward mUch U trtrni. Thia hypothesis of a. luoasaofgl eearch for an opaque and InvlalM Jupltir, ia not, nowaver, merely an uiutiraitv one it is, on the contrary, the equivalent of many Investigation!, trial are far from etrange In astronomy. For Instance, wa read In works on that sclenoe often Indeed to the marvel of thoae who know not our Ucb nlcal proceeding of tho totighu of lb several planets j which are ipolten of with aa little hesitation ae if they had been weighed in our terrratlal btliocee. Now, these are deduoed in thia wis a planet using disturbed uy ita nelgnoor, tta more. ments are watched and icrullnisd, while the deflectiag bodies occupy with rrapMt to it all tmrikf of potitiot. The eifeet due lo each, ia thus separated from lb cfLtotel eflbol; and from Ihe amount of ha influence, the mate or weight of each pl net is interred ; nay, spetktng more gen erally, this process of determining Impor tant physical attributes of tbtse orba, by inference from their altactive influences. has constituted the principal branch of physical astronomy from Newton' lime until our own. Shall I dwell, lo illustra tion, on the lighlt thua obtained regarding Ihe slaps of our own earth T That body, lika all alobea In rotation. Is a spheroid flattened at the poles, or bulging out a if into an attached rina at the enuator. if I ' Th ' ine determination or the precise iiitoe or . . . - .- ' lliA ! I-aIm. t MA-.a..n..nB,A rtnn ...V va.l.f, WVIHM V, UW.UIIINWW WMHK- qotnee to geographical sclenoe, severs! of Iim greatest of our European State have Instituted vast triangulationt some of ;nem in remote regions thai, by, the turn methods of lha mrveyor, thia character of our globe rglght be defined. Retulti of high acouraoy have undoubtedly bean rohd by such labor ; but with all their importance, they are not supertoe to In tellhtence, which on the same subject baa reaoheo ut Irom the moon. 1 ne motlona of that orb ar not what they would ba, bad tha earth been a perfect tpktrt. Car lain deviations ar caused by lb influence of our equatorial protuberanoe ; nod tbee deviation measured by our modem in struments, whoa precision approachea lo the marvellous enablea us, by Inveraa reasoning, to determio, wilh undoubted axaotnaaa, bow fcr lb artk daviat tVaen a racnlar alob. It it orrtalaly bhibii aary to aooaavilau Uluetrationa of a point aaanarnUg wklab tna wbesa minim bisi I tory ef a&raneaay I moat rien'ansTemv pnats ass m jMinnt tnrfr, wnn an ajjuasan 10 that recant grand general iaaUoa of tha deeply lamented --- - which baa unfoldd th probability of opaque ores iarg aa in spaagiiog eua. revolving with a Siriua or Prooyon. around aome eommon centre ; thua apalllng oar imagination, already bewildered amid tha exoeae of visible glories, by lb unexpected and overwhelming Idea, that the object which light raveala may, after all, coast! tut but one class, and one special iboush spteodld ecbeme, amid this profusion of created magnificence t t ureal applause.; The method of thia dUcovry of Be, era coo of Ihe moat remarkable of mo dern times and lb reasoning on which it repose, ar too remarkable lo ba per mitted 10 escape with a transient notloe. Etery star In tha heavens, It is known, baa an, apparent proper motion ; sometimes that motion being altogether apparent, and In other cases real. While studying, with his usual car and aacacity. the cnanaea of plao exhibited through a loon aerie of years, by Birtui and frocyoo, Ueasel saw Ibat they evinced a real proper motion, of a very singula? description. In both case Ihe star oteiUatt that is, it more back, ward and forward like a pendulum. Lika Newton of old, Bcssel marked this aa an unnatural motion one opposed to every known principle in mechanics. Hia Aral inference, then, was, ibat the oscillating motion is, in reality, a motion in a drtk, or other curvilinear path, turned nearly edgrumut toward us, and therefore taking on the appearance of an otciUation. But tha loveetlgMiou could not atop here. If the path ia curvilinear. Ibat mutt be ow ing to a (oatmaosu detecting .forte, aa Newton held in regard of the planets ; and alnoe no body I v libit around whiob either Siriutor Prooyon oan be euppoaed to revolve, the conclusion is that lb aeal of this great attractive influence isepafse concealed lor ever irom the senn or vision. The inference It so logical, thai wa may Surely, however, it Is brinaina the etranne in- not repudiate it sjnoit wonderful' telllgenc. that those brilliant orbs are. after all, but one class or species, amid the luxuriance of creation I (Applause.) 1 nut, tnen, tsuies ami gentlemen, nav 'coooluded my rxpneitinn of the plan, maunsnism ami noveruitig tawa 01 our great planetary system pi red luilnary to tha unfolding of lha process by which a ml J hty world wmivokixllromthe boundlesucon fines nf kpni-e. It has oocupltd longer than I anltolitttted ; but' if 1 bare been apprehended, what follows will bo easily understood. The reseiroheiofphyiioa) astronomy, conducted with regard to Ihe problem 1 have attempted to deaoribe, were rapidly perfeotlngour knowledge of the planetary system, when. In tha vear 1781. tha Ulna. trlous Herschsl altorodouroonoepiloaaof It extern, by tha aecldoaial dlcovry of in oro mat mr soma urn or ntaname, but whloh la aaw universally rveagnlaed by lb mora anagntatM apaaftatioa of Ura- 9 an (. i,. .1,1' vm jtUWJ - , I tl(J. I nut. 'I any ananwl,mr H wumymtM ch.oetmiVrmmirMmrttiti:w ebel with hi latminaa tilawiai Imal wjan aamBBsTtW nuni rW BBty mUhi, wneaHoM anrmria tmrntmimt eveelrui aa orb bavlaw a bbu MtMl fixed tars bar no Mm, Ibat k, no surfaoa ibat ia nataanraW sbfTm TSaym MBttBl to nrailt taat whan iwd tki moat aowtrtWI tiliMmi ab Maanl aotblaianaMMlMMBBM. UtUmti cbl at on ditinnlni Ibat llii oould not b a fjtai itar. Ha plao m lb asMvana, aad a) at tktattw lkBjwjMi roraMniM an eaamrx at lot itlmdnMewdANMiBifsn Htba eiatludid thatk vaaa( and Ma a at)tsM ta nlaiB la at oatlad "paaan on th dknWttf $i - oomt.N Bat ) hMMariaa; 'aaixt aa) mysvsnevjs auaaaar a bwmbbTx amutatlon, b asm dkajansslttat M not a oomf, but a atsMII mrthar avraf than Saturn; ivolv6to maasJ asjauwaaal belonging 10 our eyaum. Kw MMff ll will at one oeearlo yo, tm4 m th exieteooe of a tiaaat btyaatftBi aiWI of Satarn been mtmmtd be thw aaaai dtnul dlsoov.ry of firaahalf If al I nav been aying abant Janitor baaar rect, wny ow not that there were motion la Satara aa4 Jsv piter that oould not ba antaalil fcraav. cept by th met thai thera nruit hara bbb a planet beyond Saturn t If oar aaaaiat. aoc with the varioo mnilwof iaaasT and Saturn tb two plaaMtoaafjr wfahaa raacn 01 ina innuaaoa ar Ufa bstn a wrreat aa It la aow.th of thlt tuperlor orb waU aawalalr bay been suspected prior Hmmmtm, observation, or had Uraaaa fatai aa diaoovared to thia day. tta MJnaaaa waall meat certainly ba tafsrrad fraa lha maw Uons of th athar iswaMa ant) it waMi iMa ba hunted ai vfiat 17tl waaakatjlBM ago In tha iaaa of aatraaiary. Art had not tboaaariahada with thaa aalaaJM iaauttawat which ia moaWra llama an reoordmg qaaatiti all hat araaaeeat and lh oaooTry, tbaiafc a, a la lha ao world with lha vraaai fa ThaaaBMaaaarihat vir sstteaahthir hi pod oar atatiaaa nhaamtiwr-waa mm k thalaaat aagt oMBBjlyla iaf BadhacaMrM f iba msBhaaani af lha a taat On kaaaa aksnJyiaiB ahaimJ Iftaaa, hat by ha ana hamta ib aatsaaaBBB Be bbbbb. ataly aa tha ainiriry af tha at of that arb. Nw, thia atailaai avideatly ooaoaraadsrat, thaaaaatkif I laapweaaapaiaofMraaBi vmrtuttmm it doaorihaa ia it iwfljsJoa at aad tha aaa; aad thai are two vary atial point a to thia altar, rasirlac aaaadiar notloa. Tb problem Itsslf ia tbl JVma a naailcf ilriidt1icrDiBaai, tads ttrmmtuttemrtpttn, lit to follow aay alaact tbroaah tt tourte, in ordr that wa lay dowa tha aath It regularly putau . OhsnnaHaiitoejosn. plat, would a needful only If w bsd'no ooooeptionoftbe kiad of path hi wbiah a pianei must aa aasviag: aat, auaa wa bar a thorotutb kawwladca aflat araad law that regulatea lb moveraeal afavary orb belooglag to oar system, afcwobaar. vatlona sumo, to cnabl u 10 ooaclud concerning any orb'a ontira habitaaaa. Thia should not appear strange or imps sible. Recollect th diorry of tho remains of antmala by Caviar, who aaea finding a few bona imbedded ia a aaa aad. waa able to rntor a part of tha aaimal oreation Ibat bad haaa oatiaat fm agaa. A boo or a tooth of aa aaimal fcaad in your "big bone lick," ia enough toaaaMa lb naturalist to determioe to what alaa ofanlmala it belonged. Jaat ao it la with the astronomer. . ulv Mm a fraament of a planet'a arhM, and from thai fragmeat ha will dadan th planet'a path arooad tha aaa. (Aa plsuse.) At tb utry. outsat, than, wa assume aa th groundwork of oar tbaory ofany naaaet and ofooara with taaar? to UialB-da sbwtwj ar At km tftf xikt1kMtt rtgltmt Aromgk wUtkAmt pmmwgmt, n nrootam, oa ina aiuii oftaswaassaBatiotukatfoUowa: eVallh normal aWat, depending on th aouan of th aaa; and, tocamdhtif daviatioa from It, caused by lb disturbing aattataf the planets Th two act of ahestaanMla, however, aluVnurb dhaJaxceaaatt ha aa. lernunca ewxn jrom essst swssr m -wi clear that until wa know enUiag oftha normal ellipse, wa oaanot aawaaia ia deviations, at tbeaa depend oa of lb olaoel from tM At m fircling it t and again, ao loaf aa wa know ine amount or in aiarar cannot Ax how much la taka add 100 th observed twa. m artltr rivaat in normal or uaattaraaa Tb prrblem ia thamibra hy mi ..... . 1.... - "- rmmj vami w wsss sir 1 wilh prolong) 1 tlon, hawavar wiabla Hatha .wjaMjiM tibilitvaf xalalala lha , bwbMim learn theounaon wama am bb. nw 1M1 aBsaaa of known xarturhhit' bajmi;, tWaathaJ it wkH ba iiiaa.diaaaattoassssy saVarl it, an aar n'hdf wJKtJff PPa g ww vHJVarwHV ikwet wa 4 w "r 1848, m! ) -'' czrzai PSJffzaa KVTMmi SIrBaJnWJ wu hSM at Hm haataato i wbtvaSaviihi waaU haMaia M ! haaUata' JaT ) MariM aim iWktlta1 aayafmaati ttaUBBttel Ksjvkfl iBsJ umdmk 1 S7b-ia MaM'tlM, BBBIBlBB lfwaiabilntastalataaai wiu wimi wwaw raaal odyaaaatt hai haaa tarvatlan; aad kwaa WnVf HMC 0191991 1 MBaaMvV SPOT Af aa-halhak'. tVBaWBsKMWl tha lamsg, wh; atraOahla Si gardiaglba aastaaf! hh ItsaaliUa OSBBS BBaBBmBHBBBr ttosMtarwani Marly iaaalMtaMai wwh th I tBiaakaawtlMM wara hand aaaaara,' that if tkhac t C WMMNIMNMIIIl .BBkta BBBaaJLabsssB axt aassssssBl B PfH IVsffHMVBi MM, ktf a la kJ at 1 oksstly laaairdant with that aat ) ny aiiiiraam waa aw njwr cuavara waa' Mbim m aarmai ibU; aa4lhaaaataat bath raaaaa af that h Parhana aa aaaalaalaai tha tkaaas thatta whaih .mwhaai ta that tha thaalka Uttaagh lha lapirfaatlaaaf taw laaaifT m ajHa. i wan laa a hU aa,1 1 ' hM MBBBMat MnMMBlhsV' teLAj. jaJMHaVf vJbbbbb bU shLmA aawMta4,waAMIiMrraa4tl Mat,! attd iiiiikir asxz aWryai IMrfilMfBi aadirilwSp bjaay.wayai ftflMMajllstfttii aay BMaayasttat) C5t&Us. M WVafl HMrthar aatla hai twM BBSfVBB MHwMVW lav VHVw w&mM OTW ft tmmUthi hi .alaa? MITw) MUM MM M fflwl wft wumtmmmmm, waa'Anti hn.iiilili, bag amatbthaiBl& Prirrni-.