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About Oregon spectator. (Oregon City, O.T. [i.e. Or.]) 1846-1855 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 30, 1848)
Hj,-toJ jc stvM,rw 'W ' rf iJsrttd!Mi OREGON S 'WMwaur HM ii ,w iw nLMflaj M fdr J1- i. jjAW '&&$" f RHViiJ '-s W1.A t W3.iiifi,tA! .i- l AaUL .i'iii'Yr; ' v' XWf lf rpvR. r v - Tj. ja . il . 1 I Ml v T I r IMJl L.JI . - I- .. M. ' . J. r . ' 1 ' llfl lIBB t. l. . .... ..t-t. x. , v,-..,.a.,.-.-.v7i.-.:r.i-i, -t l A.- UM ... ..if v ; Vol, 8. Oregon City, (Oregon Territory,) Tfiurrfty, November 80, 184a .'! t - "Awf. .'.Yti&i1- w3 okt f ; a ranmennRBiEm Fn Ik K.w York Tribes LKCTURB . By J. P. NICIIOL, L.L.D. Rrprfdfor At Tribut O. Dytr, iki Phonognphr. Meanaof penetrating into apace, and ax. mining rainota object. Kitimate of tha power of the telescope. Moneral aipeot of lha starry heavens Jues- lions ai to Ilia algnlAoanco anil extent of our vart Armament. Tbe milky way. -Limit or our grral (ystsiu. Discovery of external elusUrs or iiiaaaca oi Mire, aaoh or whloh Is lo the Individ, uala comsealna: It. thalr own neaulUr heaven Extent and magnlAoane of no material oreation. ill inllnile va rJetjr Conoludlng reflection. HBWKB - Tlilt distinguished astronomor wai greeted on lha evening of January 5 by a larga and highly Intelligent audience, who manifested Iba daapeat Inlsrrit throughout Mi lecture. Ho epoko a ful. Iowa : LhUm ttU Gtttiltmtn Already I hae laarntd Mough or America to know how naadlaaa It la, that a vUltor from Ureal Britain should begin an intsreourse auch at I prcpos to eetabll.h hero with any. thing merely apologetic, for I believe that, thaaa two natlont reeling on the oppoaiio aide or the Atlantic, In whatever iIIku. Ion of minor internets we may be severed. wa are itlll neither of ue Inoliued to forego me privilege derived from our common language, and also a common, and aurely t may ssy an illustrious ancestry, of union in the grand task of exploring through Iho mates of creation the mighty ordluanoes of Owl, and of contemplating together, for a moment, tho deed of Ihoto who have atrlven to unfold thorn. Confident, then, of an entirely kind reception oonfidnnt that 1 mav almost drop the name of a atrangei, I would now vrnturo lo bring before you aome of ihoee contemplation! which free! ua by a consideration of the lawa wlioh govern the great universe'ln whUli ir are. 1 woulif venture that we cut our eyee for a while upward from Iho earth, toward the daxxllng array of atara which, bunting forth ai the lumioary of day declines, aummon ui to Ilia contain plation of thote vast InAnlludea in which they are. It U my wiab, during tli present tec lure, lo pan with you upward (mm these confine af our aolar eyetem, toward that grand congeriea of orba of which our aun la tho contra, and to traoe among Iheae, if we can, maraa oi that order and eyetem which indicaiea to ua, aa do an the phe. nomena around ua, that we are here amid an intelligence which preeervea ibem even aa Arst created. It ia not certainly unnat ural when ono oonaidera tbe depth at which theae atara lie, the Impassable cha. racier of the gulf whlih acparate thorn from the earth, that even at the threshold of iho inquiry, we ahould bo met by an iinuviiei in many reaped, whether or not we can reach them, or, at all eventa, be able In carry there a precltion of tiew, wiinout which no permanenco or under atandmo regarding their arrangement can well bo discerned. On which account permit me, in tho first place, brlofly to place beforo you the prlnclplo on which Iheae groat instrument have obtained the power to which wa owe our knowledge of mesa remote roaim or ipace. I would for oi,o momeul, ladiea and gentlemen, previous lb entcrlnit upon the aubieel, re. quest your attention to tho character of thai great teleacoplo power which liaa en. bled us to plerc beyond Iho confinos of our own ystcm, and examine those migh ty orba which All I ho boundlr n realms of pace beyond il. The lolcecojio la not a almpl Instrument j but when we look at It with regard to its more simplo elements w see at once, and clearly, how it enable us to go Into these great profundities. Wo And that when on view with Iho naked aya a distant object, tha power of vision ia dependent upon on plain and very distinct circumstance. It is this. Wo And that the power of vision cannot b made aensi. ble, unUsa the light that cornea to tba eye from lha object viewed I ofa certain dts. tlnct quantity or density. There can bo little doubt that, however far away tlie brilliant object Is, if it Is sending forth light through all space, that light must reach every nerve that ia capable of re. ceivlng it ; but itlll, unleaa it reach the numan aya wan a auMclent power, den. ally, or Intensity, il will not enablo that eyo to havo the sensation of sight or vi sion. Suppose, for instance, we have a bril. liant point A, a thus . ABC ending out light through all epaea; wherever an eve 1 placed oapable of re. ceivlng light from that brilliant point, It must inevitably receive rays from that point ( in other words, It must bo aoted upon by that point so aa to receive the sensation of vision. It la ao with regard to the human ye. Unit, , certain den alt) of light enter II, tbeaanaatlon of vl. alon will not be preserved. Notwllhstand. log whit the dlaUno of lb object may be, light must enter Into tha; eye from that object. Suppose, for Instance, ibe y ia placed at Qt tba light coming from the obleot A, bung dbwanad through spaoe, wilt oeoeesarlly b ls than tb llgbl at b, aw, wou in light itoui dennite, dutlaet quantity, tb light fclred by aa eye at C may not be at all eufllclent to operate upon the nerve, so a to .causa the preoeptlon of vlalon, Now then, supposing inai wnon me eye at u is presented to the brilliant jnlnt A, that that point I merely sending forth a quantity of light auffiolent to cause the sensation of light and nothing more, what would bo required to do in order to make Ihl point or star brighter man it naturally iT it seam to me w would requlro to make tho light coming from this star more dens than It appears to be when In ita natural elate. Now, the point Is, how can thla be dona r How can we, by means of any art or science, pise Ih eye in auch a relation lo the star, that It shall view a greater quantity of light man il naturally uoe r There i prln. ciple In optice which come to our aid, of a very plain and distinct kind, and which I think the audience will at one under stand. Suppose that wa place at B a lens, a piece of glass so ahaped that when the ray of light pas from the star or the brilliant object A, through It, they shall wr longer preserve their rectilinear courso, but aball be caused by the lens to ooo. vrg and fall upon tho eye at C. Tbe audience will at once perceive that Ih eye at C I altogether in a new position. Instead of receiving merely a faint, dim ray of Ibrhl, it la now receiving a Brest. - e-ar . m m. . - v. . clear aitrr strong ray or light, formed by Iho concentration by tho lone of Ihn Hu morous raya of light which previously were diflitem! over a largo surface. Thla ia the princlpto upon which tho telescope acts. Il collects the scattered raya of Unlit, and oauses them to fall upun the eye in Ihn msnner of ilia lns, just desori. bed. Let ue soe, then, what must bo the power of the teletcpi, as compared with that of tho eye. Il la simply this : If we have placed between the eye and an ex. ternal object, any great lens, wo will see thsl object with an amount of light, just as much greater as lite lent through which wo are viewing it is greater than tho pu. pll of ihn eye. Now, it seems to m thai, ir wo understand this very almple princi ple, the great power of iho telesoopo can be r&ftllv Mid Ml onnn atf-fir-alu,! Rut.. por.0 then, wn refer back to the lelmcono of Gallloo that little, simple telescope with which he Arst attempted to make his way In 'lis heavens. We And that it 1$ but a little more than an inch In dlam.er Yet still, when we comparo tha surface of ugni wntcn mat men necessarily met, with the quantity of I lent lalllua from any unjrci upon inn pupii oi our eye, one can not at all marvel that we ahould be able to see through comparatively small classes. objects situated at great distances with very remarkable distinctness. Until comparatively recently, the teles, cope had imt at all readied tho great power which it now possesses. The in. trument recently used by us. was ncr. haps one whose object glass, or mirror, was not larger than eighteen inchea in diameter. '1 hi waathe one by which Sir wiuiain llerschel was enabled to make his crand illsoovcrles, , Recently, taw. eer, wo hate constructed Instrument of much greater power. The vast telescopes oi Lrfiru uoase nao reached tho diameter of four and even six feet. Now, if tho audience will for a moment consider the immense surface ofa mirror of six feet in diameter, compared w lib the aurfaoe of the pupil of tha eve, I think that It will not be at all martelious to them that the power of these telescopes should bo so enormous as has been reported. The telescopes of iierscnei, wnicii were about eighteen inchea in diameter, posM-ssed niuaty-Avo timet greater power of penetrating into spsce than tho naked evn : but the power of the teletcope of Lord Ko-.sc tho great, est one that has recently bceu Introduced mciiis to bo something less than Avo hundred times that oftho naked eye. Now, this iinmenso space-penetrating: power .-..- .. .f. may no approximately realized, by remr. ring for a moment to tho great velocity with which light passes through space, which is about '.'00.000 mllcl Per second. Now, it seems that Lord Koato's tclcsicpo has tho power of penetrating through pace so far that tho most distant star which it can reach Is at auch a taat dia. lance from ua, that il light, moving with this almost Incoiioeitable velocity, cannot reach ua In lesa than 00,000 years. It 1 not, however, merely In regard to their power aa light. graspers, that the elAoaoy of these telescopes mainly depend. Let this power be aver ao great, little ad. vantage Is gained unless there, be perfect accuraoy of image The great advanlago of Lord Koase'a telescope depends not solely upon lis power of penetrating into space, but also upon the accuracy with constitution of Ih Stellar Heavens, it i not bnllkdy that again wa may be toppd by Inoredulity. According in our usual Idea, theae atarry heaven aem infinite. They appear aa If they oooupy all spaoe, Ailing with crowd of constellations where, ever the human mind can fcney that pao la open to receive lhm and, therefor, il would seem that although our augmenting Kteaoopio power might uring ua augment ed knowledge, we ar contending with what 1 hopeless. Now, aa th removal of this popular fallacy He at Ih root cf all our modern views of lb etraobire f tha huwu, I must aoliolt tor II your at tention. Uven Ar wa have asoerialned. how far tha telescope I aM to pierce, it may yet come baok to ua as a cause of doubt, lulnras, whether we can gel a rational conception how the fttllar heavens ar constituted. Is it not likely that the heaven which we see around us and ovsr ua, penet ratine inflnltely Into space, pre sent to tb eye nothing diOeram front what we see here) Suppoa tbl question oo. cure to ua, ahall we be abl to ascertain aught concerning the structure of the great heavens T Now it seems to ua at Ant, perhaps, that thla la a perfectly le. gillmate objection to our moving farther without inquiry. II may be aald, that when we observe the skies on a clear night, we have beforo us all that can b seen. Now this iraod conception, nam. ly, that if we were passing through spec we should simply meet nothing else than what we see around ua just constellation afler constellation as wn went onward through these depths of infinitude I say that this conception Is so very natural that it is difficult for us lo conceive that It I not (rue. However, on a (light consider ation i think we win o abl to e that this is not wliat our heavena really indi cate? to ue. If what I said were true if the stars extend on through our skies to wants Infinitude, if as wo went along supposing we had it in our power-throughout these clusters we should see nothing but conciliations alter constellations, I think that ur heavens would'not appear to us as they do now. nuppose lor instance we had reached far away beyond tbe con. atellatlons what would we see behind tM? We would see the great, brilliant atara of me nm magnitude, men we would aa behind these, those of the second magnl tude, behind thaaa again those of tha third magnitude and aooa; but we would Sad aiwayaln every part or our sky when w reached that position wher w could e no mors atara, a sort or background a thaglsi was I bar Imt kM aitWyesj war teste, by th iXrflfe W. IWsjmW1. mmA -"-" --' kla ytMirtUMiMiic)ojr rtpea gm toward a viw fuVs kMrvna, HVr. cmi a nfa oexsMtuesi wHh lajwf)) lo Iht'Mtwtw ol tba Immm wasrtU Mlow. kj lad,MlllMrtathsgrMt maitkii of iscattar U:aot what H wa fbraseriy luppwd tb sajtwfts . raw-TUa gnat of atara i tr4y a lair or estsMri, and Mblf WhM th mil Mm bad Jawnl hM toaUMTNkM taMtMa' Ma. Mrtata what i 4mimm, shogsav rnaaa.' wpwl sal aa AaaasasssJ H) aagfaagl KVVVfjsj layUTb rhM w ariT'Tai n5a dim didussd lisht called nebulous lliht. If that war lb constitution of our skies which it gives us tlie Image of Iho object viewed through It. Il is In theso respects that that mighty instiument has achieved Its greatest exploits. When the grea'est magnifying power Is applied, it shows not the slightest amount or distortion in the object. It ia not possible to render th astonishing accuraoy of Lord Roe' tel oop fully palpable. There Is a minute point near Pollnarlus. ninlniilnthx II r. qulrea a good telescope at all to discern It. How, with tb very high magnifying pow r of Lord Ross' i.l.. 1 1,... .n that point, aa clear, a distinct as a star of me nrt magnitude. With auch power ta our POMMsIoo, then, lt ua proceed n. Trantfally, but UII without dread, to scan thoM truth to whloh thy hay ana. bttd ui to aicrad. When regarding th this would be their appearanoe. You will And lying backward through the whole path of the sky this dim milky lisht. On the contrary, we see It onbtoarfihe aide of tbe heavens in that grrtt range called the Milky Way. Now tbe question Is, what ia tlie causo of this T Why do w And this great milky bell, so to speak, passing over our sky In one direction ana not In another f ft seems to me that if we look at this question calmly this conclusion must necessarily occur to us, namely that in that part of tbe sky atone, wher we sco tho Milky Way is there a bed of i stars uinusea tnrougnout mo untathome ble deplha of space. If it were otherwise, if tbl bed of star was found to b diffused throughout all rriions of the heavens, then. certainly, that peculiar appearance that strike u a we look at the Milky War would be found a tho backsround of all rtho heaven. In every range wa would see the dan of the Ant, second, third and fourth magnitudes ; then, when wo arrived at mat part oi tho l- vsns where we could not distinctly trar 'jo individual elan, wo would And a background Ailed with this dim, milky light. It seem then that our Aral notion, namely, that these stan stretch away throughout space is not a truo one that this Milky Way manifests to us a peculiar structure. Now the question Is, what is that structure is t Belonging to th great bed of tan in the midst or which wa are, wo And, on looking at the heaven, that stan of the Ant, second and third magnl. tude aro tolerably equally scattered throughout all space. It is only when we come to stan or the very smallest magnl. lude that we And a derangement of thl distribution. What doea this indicate to us T II seems to indicate the following, namely that aa Air aa the naked eye can raaoh, these stan, on to the very smallest magnitude, ar pretty equally scattered throughout our skies j but that if we get beyond their region, peculiarities of con. slllutlon coma Into view, and wa begin aistinoity to see mat we no not belong to universal, but to a cortain, definite and dlatinot class or mass of orbs with whloh we ar connected a, mas of orb with boundariea almost Inconceivable, bursllll a dsnnlte and distinct mass The idea that I hav thrown out may yet be pushed a Itttlo farther. It may b ahown that if the aura were diffused through all pao,"our heaven would on vary aid bias with a splsndor ao bright that tha sun would not b visible to u at noonday. It ia olsar, than, that auch can not b th eharaeuristto of our akiea. It oannot b that th orb w are dlornlng ar spread lafinluly throughout apaoe, but. on tb contrary, in all likallhoad tbr are forming a great olusUr or bad of stars of a peculiar and dUHlaot hap, These eraiabasanlir lUlBsUatofwhfa. wM certainly a Very rt and aaarral Iom one, but Mill b wa aoabM to com to a oonclusioa not very ear, I belhjv, fro what we now Ibiak lo b tb tra om. Tb ids upon which bo rtrkd wattb following :H aaid, "Suppoa that tbl room la Ailed with .perms, and that thy ar pretty equally dlprg over if. Now auoeoa thai I tuns m ye in a oeruln dirsctioa and ootaM tha number of psrson that I befor mm, and then direct my rs lo another oart of tha room and again count tb number or uiuvidiiais mat meat my gas j than, belof certain that tbe Mraoa wr pret ty equally cattrd tbroogbout tba room, 1 would be enabled to infer from tb num. btr of person located in tb Motion of in room to wnien i baa directed mf in veetigatlos, bow fbr I must be from lb dMoflltt room in thUortbatdireotion." Tfl was Hncbl's id, and be turned bis great telescop ia every direction round tb heavens, judging how many tar h mw in every place, and ha found in thla manner bow far he supposed be wa from every portion of lb edge of lb cluster. Tb mod in which be attempted to make out a scheme of th character of tbe heaven wa this. Tb lecturer ncr drew a dlacram uo. on tb black-board reaemUiog a fiu-alaou body, from which raya of.lkht areaaatad in every direction 4be ray varying in xtect ia ucha manner a to form a orl of elongated apbaroid iudonUd at tho fMMi arba, tsi4 r Masaaabsv MUM MBfMMMJM) If MM Ml tsj.tbo aafa .wbat lias :. rt bsslUM, tfl I a '" K!frt' by ir vlawiaaj , IfMNMsVav MHMvv ffTMB Mtf TaMM Mwt9WKmW99f9ttK99w9mwttUffWtt ""Ml WssW rqMaBMJWB9 MWMHB aaart tt.-V otinMmftfOmtm,mm. W BBM ISMM thla faolnUM to tba luminous body,) ia tba mm, and tbM Um (painting to tb ray,) ladicau tba eUraotioM la wbtsb bto iiImciib ii turnod, and tbair fstlieMUsNf or Mr b obwrvad. Will, b miMd bJ talMoopa aii round utrougn our neavana and draw, in a sketch of thU kind, he then fcilnad tb edgM of lb different Hum, making a turar Ilk thU. And b aaid ' tbia. S all likelihood, ia something of tho ahapa of ia great ciuatsr oi Mania wfeio w an.'1 Ui idea, perhaps, is bettor rcpre. sented thus. Let tbe audienoe In imagi nation follow me. SuppoM we bad it in our power to mora up through tb Milky Way, and pas along that oougerie of nan uii, wa lose connection wun the hi. deraiLsystem. The following phenomena would be observed : We ahould pass from our prsWnt coogeries, still moving, as it were, amid an unmte number or orbs, mi, by and by, we should hav no Man in ad vane of u and only tba ayatatn would b behind us. Suppos we should go Mill firmer out amid the awful rce till thla vast r hem of oun would take on gradual), -id gradually tb sbapofa mere spec lying against tbe dim of tb mr neavena. uuon would b in general aspect of that mass ofstan with which we are in immediala eonnction. Applause. Tb investigation which led Henobel lo the conception that this was tbe sobem of our heavens, waa the following and you will perceive at once that It was subject to two great erron : On trying to And out a view of the akiea, he had the oonoeption constantly in his mind, that th Man were pretty equally scattered through all pace. Now, to return lo my illustration t appose that I .were to count the persona in dinennt directions around the room, and inferrins from that bow far I was from all aide of ibe room, I woutd nooeesarily rest uponth conviction that tba people wr equally Mattered tbroucbout th room. So Herachel Mid thai tb great mass of Man throughout tho heavena war pretty equally distributed. Now, aJnoe his time il haa been ascertained that this Is not true. It haa been found that all around us, m far from the atan being pretty equal' Iv scattered, they are. Quit on tb coo tnry, thin, aa If In a desert. Then waa another thing In which ha waa erroneou. You will observe that when be looked all around In the aky, he oould never have su noosed that he vu ratltled to draw tha conclusion with respect to tha debthaof tbo orba in any direction, unleM he know, or had reason to believe, that hi telescop enabled him to go to th end, or at least nearly to tha end, of our system In that direction. SuppoM, again, that I wu hen oounling tba number ofporaona that I im ia any direction unlM I wm ure that I had arrlvad at th and of tha room, It I plain that my oounling would b of no valua as far m oertalnty U coaoenssd. Thl wm also another of Hrobl' view, tho inaccuracy of which luu bn fully proved. H found, and w find now, that not tba larmM tleoop bu aver bn abl to pUro to tha xtrnrry of our ay. Um, rarbaa tb bM ialenno w can draw Is tb fallowing s-Ws an not apeak. mgor w sour aynero, Dutoi tail vim fcr.tlO rinsiar 1 Wiivd Ibaaa, Hm WMnyimsoaBfwMUfaii. magfjiawaei, however. Is not vary milk wleat ibat af oar yrtwi aMgbt be, If H wan view irom im iwMiass. ir w eensnir mt a mcMtdilMaf(Mia. ft will awt msir improbabU. Tba milky way fa , araat rmg exteadiag In tw rangM uroagbaw nMveas, m wai it May m tail our svmsm Man iimiasi nag Mawtar to um oti If this Mm famlfaW. aatbr li alaly raagNMi itarif, and wbfab Mrly neaambed. VaM u our in may b, hM it bonndariM or dsw it sxribM away into infuiluoat An mom awftsl epaoM that Mrrouad Hon siirykfarW, empty, m an Ussy tiaatrd Iry wwrbj and systMM similar to our mm t . Ma woertkaUa-jlam!sraW'hM bar rwahod to tba Maclwclon that Um mm around our yam wm a vauk la in who Mpaeiou beni myriad of migntv ciuMen ua ejr own iuhvwm an placed. If it U Mm that ,thfa gnat aoberna of oun i alrnply, what lnbl f rM supposed it, but Mill a'graat, ttfntt, VitAvf scheme, wboM nature fa, Mrbana, more than anything' ahw, nprawaud by tbM iagttlar Mbuba, wku mawt wu ibink wltb regard to it t lrely il fa tbat, not. witbsUoding iu ImaMMO difTuaion. fa vest eonnna,' tb gnat aM,tjwagb which iu diierent portfaa rant. 0r must U around ft on ivury sili, raM aav Uaaaiid iMaaa. and rf bi b'M aMy h not b tbM amsl all tbat smm afaaw fan an aVjaliac nat ickimis of swiM Uk our, Mhsmss 1 My of IHJUiut bap,ri auMKM aiinwir, nut lysag m imm vast rWMMOl SMIUMil,(MMM M m aaasMMMM m thai yM syMim M mkUkwmrnmirmktkm. ,KbfakM, what a eeaiiaflai ia ttui m ba usaM. rial uaivn, nM prM IMslf upw our OOIIOV. Il Minn lo sm tbat tb com bjuMliktlMtwkiebahraWruxa iaUad in tb gnal swath Oaou, wb U S-rW k ".1-"V, " ' -IT. jJ wmNMM wtMM i IsMeffaMMlilt L ? STt -XMMaMnusil a iWffVM.llluM 1 fWl stuMiar imm f mk m vKkwrnn vmhmi'IMMj ' .. ,TW Ma M IMf MrMal I newmay hai MtteaWryl MatbMk faaastM Ml U MMMMMjl ajkjMulgl feMf Vasuust fggajfgge k qwfuuawl iwtwfa sVMJV siMofnMMMt laMeaT! Wfauj sajuWl mm n swssssm ar m MM irssfash iasat s Mi fat sba BBBuavr7 1 m vr mi irilfi MJ aaJd.wbM ba auMMgr fa. IrMlhM uy, asi;uu JKattouflablniafai aAw.rba lass'f t bad MwpiaM Wyond lb limiuof lb littl world ia which be UrattstUM ptrieao, if to bun wn brongbt taferma lion that what ha ooMldend bfa world wm but a dimiaudv faland. and that around him in tbia omu lay aoaiund large groups or islands ana yast ooattaenu. Such is tb Information i wkh reapect to tb oiaiiar unrrerae ' imi mi mm oonvavM to us by lb powen of our gTMt Ulea cope. ApplauM. vswa -u Tbe great inqukyttWamt fa tba characur oflbai pmi mmm ; what Ibelr.fbrm f wEai th nature of tba ahapM m waicn wenaa nam eMiM mm what th dMttv tbiougb wblcb tbsy an doomed to f$m) Now, hi tba frat akw w dm imi imm group an lor umsmm part approaching lo circular I ahould hardly um tha word circular, but pbrl cal. Now that lhli not altogetber true, thai we do not find thm allogetber pba rical may possibly bo repaasenied to you by merely looking at on smm of lbM elemenu. Th lecturer here exhibited another diagram, repreentlng a nebulous group, "of a nearly circular form. Tbl mass is aMMtblag Ilk what by far tba gTMttat number of lbM diftVrent group an; but wMnourcrMlMUlcepMan brought to bear upon them, wa find tboM which were thought to bo (pherioal an not so ; tbey approach Merer to a glob. Here I on wblcb 'looked oval, but Lord Rom' telMCopa brought il into a circle. Lord RommIIm ltthacreb nebula, be cause it remble a crab. Now, tbr oocunavtry remarkable circumstance in reiereno to tbnse com paratively sweeping circular mssses of nebuln. W find that tbey an not llrely circular, but lb reverse, and that all around Ibem, on vry side, lhre an ToIumM of Man Mretchlng out apparently m if they wen rushing toward a central mass in consequence oi in aciion oi msm great power tba power of gravitation. Wa And ibem aDoreacbuw lo where. and around tbalr pbn w find lbM volumM appanatly Undlng toward a ceo. In, which ultimately may beoom lb great central region. If thb fa tru If Ih IdM Is cornet that gnat immm auch m thl, far la stanoe, an in tba mi tlm nurely la a oondltion of change that all Umt arba an now forming their volumM wltb a view to biaoma ultimately inMnontod wltb it mw Mumbmmm tb-:i4atIt takM our thoughla from Um aWi ihumI. torfaaof aartb, us) alaoM baajar M tb ugutt tklaM of aty''4fcrMlfaM, m ratua aannaasaanvnMnn smum aaaMM bafaTfe Mikiill Mt." LSMMMJM'JJMI UmWuS m$St4 JO nlsitsM Mm -ajwVwijSSkJi qMIs jWuMlsMJ!.Tit!Sfs! yaM aajv asnjajaT sjvrnajjsgfMl TlMMMMS.MlMf MB TMaMf Ma" VJPMvil-MTMJ aaa tmm Vtmtmii mHBJ llillllllll if III ! iialrM TMtML vMmi vH mmmmmmmI kMrvMirMjTuWiMl far tba buttmM aUtbt) sbrXmli rfaaity.bMI ona avfsMgraataat caslii lb aWMlsa yaMlgitsM yMJf wa. fimiridia. it CxMm OMMMt MkMtVMlasii IM gniMMIMU MMfMM vfawfhaviagMsMiSMi MMlMM dMMM, tfeM ) IfaVfaV MBUgklgaMLeMnlMffk MM WMdrMM Masn. h' vored to gtv yu of IM aarcaaua M HowMisaMlrbMlbfa vatt of Um ms's Hgn tMlnsjr woaaer mm nitinir imi of tb mm Mt bM yJM by of night we bad Hvd Maji it MvauowaoTHMi Pw lW mmmmL, oloMly m MsUrial imIvmm aaa ta maiutbaawtul uninitMiaHmii m thai bhut who hM anaud tim mIim. KVMi Ml ifMejiMlw-"MTWaMsMJ WaM usMaMa remarkabl spbrioal mum, m towird iba trreguUur oa, wi lad that, alUMUgb afaMl Univam. Haw ft mb -aa tra dnrfag mlMtgat, wham Umm I appMr lo m IroM .tbairi deptn my Haot'Mtraw veil m Ibia .wa .ar coaacwuaneat of other m4vMm aa Um world af Man I Bat by toanidMolotty,etMUMa oiagnatmina- , 'S.W3r zztZ "ZMSl!"-'p,M- BU Ma taea Wita Thl MIim i af Ma-tMltW'Sr:x i.-.-?; YM-ilh.-l.MMlM:t';.;;,'vf.7' aVabsdli M MTCSf SMSMMMItefhfM... T,X HsnyarajMd tb aaiaaf 1 1 1 1 1 ii ' M api; '.-tjr ! Kf - Ami kit - - --- - - - -"e.MJU;j r. .m. r-zz-vsiLsiiUw: ,y . nv wH snv wmmm ssssi ssbssbsbs sm. "- esaeealei. W 2" .l'?1 AIM Ury rays, u smi MMjsMMaM'-,v'V : WbM fbr aad tmt i ImsM btf MBaVg,&tVl TaMUaaabitiall Uftia.MiaMi Way dsw Mao ant WHrUa sm VawaM TbaMotunr geaaral appIlM aftbi rM2aa A mm fallow. In bfa i otbwday,wMakdlfbal tMtaaanaM,JMMri Ma Maw IsnwiMa aaWssWswK sWMfsWwTsWarUT RinBKfti ricvAl IMl M VMiaMrV MKI r ausMt-iiaar mmuVm HwtM ,UM rphfrmfi ay gar, ma w IS,' . ,k i mM l i. (n.(A;n