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Sketches ef Oreffeai, IV. 9.
Trb FaocEas or Gvibkmekt.
la ear aafteketea w rti fee aaatotioelaots
aece wish the oofaaiantkm f OoveraaBset la Or.
istwetHyA,eeebtit they will corrupt and
ialee . Tkeiefore be ;warv and ahv In
phsttoiag aa eatertakiaf , or frequenting any
eeatfMY eg eomeawkaaa : be not too baatv
iatipaiUljig' yourself to them; stead &vm,umtmrifmm (
aweye iw.yov save inquired or aotne (that
yeotaarew ay exaeria-aoe to bo faithful) what
way, ape ; ooeeryp waat company tney Keep;
U,Mk0tQa.aay , gala aoquaintaace, but
ataial .erf aiadj keep .a ditUnoe yet awhile,
till vow iMtveioeeerVed aad learned touchinc
them., ptea or weasea. that are greedy ofl
aoquaUHMet.or. aaety in it, are oftentimes
snaree.sa f ooaapany before they are aware,
aad eaiaff led eo that, they oaaaot eaaily get
loose from it often when they would.
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i enutr. Ksmatw. r. nvaoox, raorrsa.
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JavaMte,
-Aniimmlnllii
IS4T.
than
I setalireUaae setae ntisgo reeaoatyheU
ha ash eetoaaoraaae; "state jeaatr Theprees
er aeaeaeamaBtfNelalMiaipaUlflatim'aatil wc
namaauw eaeeaiaa to make some re-
s'the sxaalovfaewaaaoa, ae we consider onr-
iVfeata eabjeetof "claim jraBpfing"
I contend against It, at all tames,
to tai atloaaaust, la whatever ahape it nay present it
.seat
afaemnaiBM
no
"JtaOaaea Seeker aad "Tnenroeeedingsof a pub-
k Glaleop County," ahall appear in oar
"K. Taee! hare place la oar next
BTOar aafcaawteaf
to
an doc the officers of
thaCilatnlli. aVatas aad Toulon, aad to Beaj. Stark
Jr. Iss, far lata papets from the Ialaade and Cali
fornia. Warm Oi ttm OaaooKi We leant freoa Mr.
Stark, eaeerearge nt Dm Tealea, that the late waiter
ataOwajeaiiitiiaeaeef nnisasaasn aoverity.
Maoh maw has MUa aad la coaoosaoaoo of the
maMyef feed aad aad weather, 8BM ejacee haw
niiiaxWd laiaiaaa Ike ssltlnm Flearwae98
per aaLawfteieeaie warn taeieaw ten, aaa oowa
fee maaea umrrtfM.
Wa sagrat snack tame the above la print, became
it io aaoarroct aad eatenlatad to hare aa iajnrioue effect
upoa the iatereali ef Oregea. Aa Mr. Stark was not
in tab inaiilij at say thm oaring the peat winter it ia
presaaaotsaaat he cax speak from personal Vnowl
age. Hia iatenaaat, whoever be night hare been,
wae wefafly la em. It ie true that our part winter
wm oae of iisornn eeverity," hot inatead of 6000
cattle having perished," if a computation could be
made, k weald ha Cmad that oar laai in thl reepect
did notoaoood eto-Aaadrtd AW.
Fleer wm retailing throughout the season, as it ia at
preeaat, at the U. B. Company's store in thiacity at
!- deUart per haadred pound.
We leek te oar brother Jarves of the Polyneeian, for
hie lave of truth, to eerreet the erroaeone statement he
hmaaUaaed.
CTWe aad aethiagia later paper to justify the ru
mor, whioh wa pobliah in another column, concerning
the iitimtm of the juradietion of the United State
orer ami ematry aad the appointment of Judge Semr0n Citv or Town ait, extemiva wi-r nrivii-fr,.. nr
achlmmaw of; the, papular rpirH iaim ategteafre
mereamaUWeacaieely deem it werlh wafletoawe
an abstract of the law which were reported by the
LegwtatWe Committee and adopted by the people at
the meeting of the 5th of July at Champoeg, aa they
were mmeqnently amended and perfected. Thiseem
mUtea, whioh is designated ia the records ae "Login
ae,'waa composed of nine person, whom names
warn JMntMeere, W. H.Oray, Robert Newti, r.oh
ert BlMrteas, A. H. Beers, T.J. Hubbard, David HOI
A. O'NaU, Doughty. Their proceedings
seem to have been characterised by the dignity aad
deeenan becoming each a body aad their coaclasiom
evidently were not arrived at without auton delibera
tion. They worked ia good heart aad ,'alth, and
althoagh what they wrought wm not faultless, etil to
them belongs the honor of having laid the foundation
of ear civil superstructure.
Of the Orgaaio Laws, or Articles of Compact, the
Lead Law particularly, which wm susceptible of great
improvement, has since been aawaded, some highly
objectionable portions of it having been repealed, aad
its spirit considerably improved. The immigraUea
which arrived ia the Territory in the autama of '43
wm very Urge aad contributed materially ia e&ectiag
aHeratiem ia the laws aad the face of the country,
which ware altogether desirable, j
la May, 1844, the people elected Peter Q. Stewart,
Osborne Jtassell aad W. J. Bailey as Executive Com
mittee, aad P. 11. Burnett, David Hill, M. M. MeCar
ver, M. Gilmore, A. I Lovejoy, Robert Newell, Dan
iel Waldo and T. D Keixer, as Legislative Commit
tee. From this period the record of public aJaira as
sumed something like a regular and connected form.
It is worthy of remark that the expense of the Gov
ernment from 1843 to 1844 were not defrayed by tax
ation a appears from the following extract which wa
make from the "Original laws:"
" That subscription papers at follows be put in circu
lation to collect funds for defraying the expense of
thie Government"
"We, the subscribe-! , hereby piedxe ourselvea to pay
annually to the Treasurer of Oregon Territory, the mm
afixed to our respective names, for the purpass wf
defraying the expenses of Government: PwHdtd
that ia all cases each individual subscriber may at aay
time withdraw his name from said wbserinaea ama
paying up al arrearages aad notifying the Trsaauaer
of the Colony of each desire to withdraw." w'
The ascend LegiataJve Committee) assumbled at the
settlement of the Willamette Falls, oa the 16th of Jane
1844, and elected M. M. McCarver Speaker, and re
ceived the Message of the Executive Committee.
This was the first document of the kind that had Its
origin in Oregon and we refer to it with much satisfac
tion, not for beautiful diction nor elegance of composi
tion for it was plain even to homeliness, but for the
sound views arid correct policy it recommended. The
Executive was ably seconded by the Legislature,
which gave n good account of itself; it was truly a
working body and accomplished a large amount of bu
siness in a short space of time, for it adjourned on the
ninth day after it convened. "It went immediately to
work aad adopted measures to effect a more complete
organization of Gorsrnmerit. It vented the executive
in one person regulated the Legislative power re
vised, intact established a judiciary made enact
ments for the creation of reveuue aad among am'.y
other gcod things amended the Land law, one of the
sections of which, that was abolished, wo give our read
era as a kind of curiosity and it will prove a matter
of wonderment that it could ever have been a part of
tho law,
No person shall be-entitled to hold such a claim up
sTrie. as as T Mif & hia ..1 &a k.?fl-. ,
pie m Oevamor We are eUM atrong in hopes, bow
ever, mat me 'katCongrmi did not adjourn without
baviag aneema aeceoaary proviaioaa for as, and look
far the rsasoaabls gratification of oar wishes in tills
respect, danag the present summer.
JL
Thk Eucenox. A. L. Lovejoy Esq. has a majori
ty of 45 votes over Geo. Abemethy, Esq.
cr, with Lewi county yet to hoar from,
is doubtful. In addition to those we gave in our last
paper the following persons have been elected Repre
seatatives; J. W. Neamith, M. Ford and St Clair,
for Folk County ; J. Robinson for Clatsop county ) Mr.
I'lomnadnati for Lewis county. Aa soon as all the re
turn; am ia we shall publish a corrected table of them,
Wa am really much obliged to the various County
Clerm far me frompt manner in which they have com
aad with ear request to forward us a copy of tho
eleaaea lotarm la their respective counties, in time for
paUitJea la thk paper, as not one of them, with tho
moatira ef Champoeg county, has deigned to pay
the least attoatim to our request
ra MmeAot As soon as we receive this
we aaaH spread it before our rtamrs with
aiamstmefmateb.
otho situation necessary for the transaction of Mer
cantile or aianutactunng operations and to the detri
ment of the community: Provided that nothing in
these taws shall be eo construed as to affect any claim of
any mission oi n religious cnaracier made previous to
ium ume an extent oi not more man u miles square."
The Legislature convened again, agreeably to ad
journment, on the ICthof the following December,
for Govern- &nd held a session of eight days in which they trans-
The result acted much Important business "
The bill of incorporation for Oregon City was pass
ed at this session, likewiw a hill for the erection of a
jail, which was afterward built in Oregon City and
since destroyed by fire.
In the spring of 164.1 Geo. Abemethy Esq. was
elected Governor and the lu ws, an revised und enact,
ments passed by the Legislauro or thut year, havo
mostly been published and are of too recent a date to
require any illustration from us.
We have forborne to speak upon one subject and
cannot close without alluding to it. In 1844 there
wore seme of very respectable standing and influence
ia the community who advocated the idea of an Inde
pendent form of Government, from an honest convic
tion donbtlsos, that It wm boat calculated for the coun.
try la the looUtCaXtuatiea in which it was placed and
tho peculiar clrcumsUatis under which It existed. But
happily for Oregon the Idea did not gala strength nor
adaorento, for Americans generally in the eeaaav
looked anrieaaiy toward, m ae, m tee taw whoa
they would ogam be dobem of the UaHed States aad
yet remala Oajgoalana. .
ssaaaMr Mamamlasam He
Rumored extension of Aejuritdiction of the
U. S. over OregoH andjippotntmenlofGov.
trnor Successful profiresi of the tear teith
Mex$ Afairs in California European
and general intelligencet dC. dc.
By the arrival of the II. B. Co' bark Columbia,
Captain Duncan, from the Sandwich Islands, we are
planed in peeeeaaion ef file of the Folyneoian and
8aadwich Islands News to the 93d of May Inclusive.
Beaj. Stark Jr. Esq. come paaaonger on the Columbia.
He la almost direct from California, where the latest
intelHgeace from the United States had beet received-
The President's Meamge had been received there
through Mr. Norria bearer of despatches from lite
UaHed States, but had not been given to the public
entire la consequence of the email site of the
jooraahJ there. From Mr. Stark we learn that it was
remored in California that the jurisdiction of the Unl
ted Bute had been extended to Oregea by the pas
sage of a bill similar to that of the late Dr. Lina, and
that Jadge James 8emplc, U. 8. Senator from Ilkaoia
had received the appointment of Geroraor ef Oregon
that Government amy ha expected to aartvo bore la
all ef next month. Oar reacwo wil leu ia Band that
we have nothing late eaeagh by aewomper to eoanrm
or disapprove them rumor.
The U. 8. S. Preble, Mr. Norris, pasaeager, bearer
of despatches from the U. 8., arrived at Monterey
April 33d. The date from Washington are to the
15th of January. An extract from the President's
Measage says of Oregon :
"It will be important, during your present session,
to establish a territorial guvemmept and to extend the
jurisdiction and laws of the United State over the
Territory of Oregon. Our laws regulating trade and
intercourse with the Indian tribes cast of the Rocky
Mountains, should be extended to the Pacific Ocean J
and for the purpose of executing them, aaidpreesoring
friendly relation with the Indian Tribe within oufYm
Us, un additional number of Indian apneim should be
authorized by law. The eetoMiahmrnt of custom
homes, and of post omcee aad past roads, pruviaioa far
the transportation of the mail on each routes ae the
public convenience will suggest, require Urinative au
thority. It wilt be proper, also, to eetabUeh a aarreyor
general's office in that territory, and make the aocoo
mry provision foranrveyiag thepublie land and bring
ing them into market. Aa our ciuxem who now re
aide ia that distant reawa, have been sabjeetod to many
hardships, privation aad mcrifipoo ia their emigration
and by their improvement have enhanced the vara
ef trie public land in me netgnmraeoa or taarr eewe
menta, it laroriatanendod that liberal fraat be made
to them of such portion of them land a they may
occupy and that similar grants or right of pre-emption
Da made to all wnomay emigrate twiner wiinin aura
ited period, prescribed by law."
He further recommends the addition of an efficient
sea-steamer to sach of the foreign squadron.
No definite news from the seat of war had reached
Monterey. There were report of battle received
one of which was to-the effect that Santa Anna had
been defeated and that General Valencia wm in com
maud. We nave the following my the Polynesian from
an intelligent correnpondent at Monterey :
"There are great rumors here respecting an expedi
tion of 1300 or 1500 men expected by way of Sonora,
under the con-mand of General Uuetiamrnte. I can
form a ideaef the truth of the report, out it ie cer
tain that many of the American officers believe it,
and I see that some military preparation are making."
Chihuahua had surrendered to the force under Gen
eral Wool. The army, it seems, entered the city with
out resistance, the American flag waa saluted by the
citizens, and after a few hours had elapsed, the Amer
ican officers were invited to partake of a splendid din
ner, which had been prepared for them by the Chihua
huans. That, we should say, was rather u new mode
of capturing sn enemy's town."
President Polk had offered peace to Mexico on con
dition of ceding California, for which 9 10,000,000 in
four instalments would be paid tho Mexican tariff to
be reduced one-half American vessels to enter her
port on the most favorablo condition Minittt-ra of
euch country to reside at Mexico und vi wliingtoii, und
sundry minor clauses, of which the most importnnt was
that Parades should be exiled.
Santa Anna declined to negotiate on tliwe terms
until the wil of the Mexican CougrMs, te In- convened
December 1st, 18-10, should bo known. The Ameri
can Cabinet, considering this u virtual rejection of
ofl'ors for peace, resolved to prosecute tht war vigorous
ly. The American uriiiit-s were to ndvauco rapidly
upon Mexico, and no longer to jmy fur supplies
to make the Mexicans feel the real evils of war. A
demonstration was to be made on Tumplco. Active
(reparation were makingjiy tho Mexicuna for resist
ance, by arming the rancktroi.
Santa Anna had strongly fortified San Luis had
there 59 pieces of artillery. In Nov. 3000 troops
lb advanced guard of Gen PatterW corps of 5000
men, took porwaoion of Tampico. 95th of November,
an American steamer with munitions of war was Iwt
off Vera Crux. The Armistice ef Monterey hud been
disapproved by the United Suits, and Gen. Taylor
ordered to advance. The State of Durance wa be.
ing laid waste by Indiana. Tobasc wm stockaded.
On tho south, Chlapa was threatened by the Governor
of Gautimala, whom the Mexican print charge with
bring ineiled to hostilities by the United Stole. Tim
Mexican Congress, afttr a hot debate had voted by
51 against 30, that of the properties held la mortmain,
sufficient should be immediately sold to rales 9 15,000-
000, for the exienaes of the war,
I'rcnidftit i'olk in hia rnrnanco to ConareRH
of tho Olli of Drcmnbor, hail asked for an
appropriation of 'J!l,0IK),000 and 80,000
mun, to compir r Mexico, unlcm alio at onco
mndo ponce, on the solo condition of paying
the expciiRca of tho war, tho United State
retaining in pledge until full payment, all
the Mexican territory which their troops havo
occupied.
By tho Intent advicea from Mexico, Wo
learn that Major General Scott has assumed
command in chief of tho American force,
having landed at Tampico wth a reinforce,
ment. Tho column of invasion under Gen
eral Taylor had advanced an far as Tak,ou
its way toeflect a junction with Scott. Their
united forces, amounting to 36,000 men,
were then to march upon Vera Cruz, which
was to be attacked by sea at the' tame time.
Com. Perry was ia command of the squadron,
which had been remfbroed by tne North Car
olina and Pennsylvania, line-of.battla aUps.
The, Mexican forces were concentrating
in tho State of Tamaulipas, to repel the ex
pected attack. .
Santa Anna had loft Potosi, at the head of
about 25,000 badly clothed and poorly fed
men, to obstruct the advance of Gen. Tay
lor. His troops had been long without pay,
and ho was destitute of funds, the oltnry
having hail sufficient influence to defeat the
law authorising the. sale of church property
and a loan of 5 per cent, to come from their
funds. Immediately after his leaviag Poto
si, a very heavy snow-storm occurred in the
mountains, from which it hi supposed his
troops must have Buffered greatly.
Information had been received at New Or
leans that the British steamer Tay on her
last trip from Vera Crux to Havana, took
out three hundred letters of Marque, with
naturalization papers, conferrals the privile
ges of Mexican citizens upon all who would
Bail under them. This information comes
in an authentic form. The letters of marquo
were expressed from Mexico on the evening
of tho 30th ult., and reached Vera Cruz in
time for the Tay to take to Havana.
Letters from Havana wcro also receiv
ed, announcing the arrival of the letters of
Marque. One writer is of opinion that tho
Spanish Government will not permit them to
be UKed in the port of Havana ; yet aa tho
naturalization papers offer extraordinary
privileges, it is probable that some of them
may slip out upon commerce despite the vigi
lance of the authorities.
On the 20th of October tho city of Tobas
co was bombarded by Com. Connor with a
atiadron of small craft, and nearly destroy
. The object of the attack waa the cap.
turo of nine of tho enemy's vessels, which
was accomplished.
California. Wo havo dates to the 24tli
April. Tho weather had been very promis
ing for crops, hides antl tallow. Captain
Sutter was expected to raise from 25,000 to
40,000 bushels of wheat this season. A
wild expectation we should say. En. Spkct.
Sovcral parties of emigrants have been
brought in from tho mountains, through tho
ev: rtions of Paused Midshipman Woodworth.
I rty persons havo been rescued from death,
hut tho sulIuringB of others have been terri
ble. Tho German hark Matilda had arrived at
San Pedro, with a cargo of Mexican gootln
from San Hlus. Ilcportb:! Gen. Scott, with
20,000 men to boon tho march from Tampi
co to Vera Cruz, and that Com. Connor had
u fleet of 24 sail to co-opcrato with him.
Gen. Wool was marching upon Sonora, and
tho iiiliubitnntH had in public, "juntas" adopt
ed resolutions not to resist tho United StoU'H
troops.
Gil. Rime!, with fifteen men, had loft for
the States overland. Gen. Taylor had arri
ved at Kan Luis Potosi at tho head of 15,000
troopa, on Iii'r way to Mexico. President
Polk had inado a requisition upon all tho
States for their quota of men, 'amounting t
120,000, to servo during tho war.
livery nojtjn California was now garri
soned by USTtroops and thcontiro country
I
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