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About Oregon spectator. (Oregon City, O.T. [i.e. Or.]) 1846-1855 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 1, 1846)
t tTmm la the eVe wM wesi ' w, HkJZVu2eeah. ha kaiat "J need, Ten firth tfrejeiee la that aelka ; Tsar skase the kesey, Wekess a Ma store, Ae4lkeeM.tiMffcf wfcrtllfmr ta, They klse to the fit. uV nfc uwajigh (he abeam, Aa4 ttte aid fieBk e fhlagsef a d.eam. .?..- -.. . iia.i "'" nMiiiiilt. Kbtatke asreeti BatUwvBytofceryeethaieeewaaeob.iiht; She saeite M tke eahia with natle grace. A4 aha awHest thinga hare their regular place ; SUakftaaahe wstks, with eeifhtog amile, Am aernsew asaee naein m tw u w. hi the Usies, (Weekiartea Cuyj"Acu 19. TIM Onim III an Ike Oregei slatlra. The House of Representatives rose to-day at an early hour. Their session was princi pally occupied wjth the two important meas ure which head this article. They passed, without debate. The bill for extonding the jurisdiction of the United States to Oregon, proudea tor the extension of the laws or Iowa to this tern'o. ry reserving to British subjects all the rights and jurisdiction which they miy de rive from the convpntion. It does not define the boundary of Oregon, but legislates for the American emeus who dwell beyond the Rooky Mountains. It also extends our In. dies system, our post office system to that country, and provides for block houses and military authority to protect the emigrants frem the United Sates who cross the Kicky Mountains. All these measures are in con formity 'with the recommendations of the President, and, with the audition 01 tne reso lutions for no; ice, cover the whole ground which be has marked out in his message. The bill passed the House by the following vote yeas 144, nays 40. The following is the' form which it assumed, after varinm amendments had been proposed, and after several days had been devoted to the discus sion: A BILL to protect the rights of American settlers in the territory of Oregon, until the termination of the joint occupation oi the Be it enacted by tke Senate and Houtr of . . . .. . w - Representatives of the United States, m con- Srtss assembled,' That thejurisdiction of the upreme Court of the' Territory of Iowa, ana the laws of said Territory, so far as the same may be applicable, as they now exist, are nereny exten-iea over an inai pomon oi the Territory of the United States which lies west of the Rocky Moun'ains ; and also over all that portion of the intermediate country west of the Missouri river, and be tween the fortieth and forty-third parallels of north latitude: Provided, That this act shall not be construed nor executed in such a manner as to deprive the nuHccts of Great Britain of any of the rights and privileges secured by tne treaty signea ax juonaon, October twentieth, eighteen hundred and eighteen, and continued in force by the trea (y of August sixth, eighteen hundred and twenty-seven. Sec. 2 And be it further enacted, That all the conntry described by the first section of this act shall constitute one judicial dis trict, and a distriefcourt shall beheld there in by the judge to be appointed under this act, at such times and places as he shall de signate ; and said court shall possess all the Kwers and authority vested in the present itrict courts of said Territory of Iowa. An additional justice of the supreme court f the Territory cf Iowa shall be appointed, who shall hold his office by the same tenure, receive the same compensation, and possess the eamo powers and authority as are con ferred by law upon the other justices of the court and who shall hold the district courts in said district as aforesaid. ' Skc. 8. And he it further enacted, That 'tbe.President be hereby authorised to appoint itfce required number o'fjustices of the peace, ad such ministerial officers as shall be no - teaser r for the dun execution of 'the laws: Jtosfce,That any subject of Great Brli aaVwjGfleJmll be arrested under the provi-sJeelffhis-act-far crime alleged tohave, been ensmitted Within the territory of the Ualtawtrrt weetof the Rooky mountains, white Wtllnw remains free and open to fhe jveeseb. cJtiaea, ed ifcstijecta of the United 'lia'tee ahd-ef Great Briuin, pursuant to stipulations between the two towers, shall be delivered up for Ut on, proof of being such British subject, to the nearest and moat con venient authorities having cognisance of such offenoe by the laws of Great Britain. Sxc. 4. And be, it further enacted, That provision' shall hereafter be made by law to secure and grant to every white person, male or female, over the age of eighteen (rears, three hundred and twenty acres of and, and to every white person, male or fe male, under the age 'of eighteen years, one hun Ired and sixty acres of land, who shall havo resided in said territory described in the first section of this act for five consecu tive years, to commence within three years from the passaje of this act ; Provided, Tho said land shall be located in said territory. Skc. 5. And be it further enacted, That there shall be appointed, in the mmnor pro vided by law for similar officers, a superin tendent of Indian affairs, and such Indian agents, and sub-ugents as shall be necessary to the public interests, to whom may bo en trusted, under the direction of the President, and in accordance with tho existing laws, so far as thoy may be consistent with the purport of this act, the regulation of trade and intercourse with the Indian triors, and the execution- of. the laws herein extended over the country, described in the first sec tion of this act. Sec 0. And be it further enacted. That the President be, and is hereby authorized to cause to be erected such block-houses, stockades, or military posts as shall be neces sary to protect emigrants, settlers and tra ders on the route to and in the territory of Oregon, against Indian depredations and a? uressions, and to furnish such ammunition and supplies as shall be necessary to their defence. Sec 7 Be it further enacted, That a post route be established from Port Leavenworth, via Grand Hand, on the Platte river, Port Laramie, the South Pass of thn Rocky moun tains, Fort Hall, Fort Boise, Fort Wallawal. la, and Oregon City, on the Willamette river, o Astoria, at the mouth vof the Columbia river, on the Pacific Ocean. Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the dutv of the Postmaster Gene ral to cause tho United States mail to !.e transported on said route, from Fort Leaven worth to Astoria and back, at least once a month, by such means of conveyance as he may deem most advantageous to the public service, and on the best terms that can be obtained by contract, in the mo:'e now provid ed by law for the transportation of the Uni ted States' mail : Provided, Tl at if, in the opinion of the President of the United States, it be expedient to cause the mail on the route aforesai'' to be carried by detachments of mounted men in theservice of the United States, he may -tJHer the said mail to be carried in that way, instead of having it transported by contract, as above provided. Skc 9. And be it further enacted, That the sum of one hundred thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated to car. ry the provisions of this act into efket." The House having completed its action on the bill extending the jurisdieticnof tho Uni ted States over Oregon territory, next took up the message from the Senate in relation to the joint resolution of notice. The amendment of the Senate was read : and on the question, will the House concur in the amendment, Mr. Owen, of Indiana, submit ted two amendments thoreto. The previous questionnvas called and carried ; and all de bate being cut off, the amendments were forthwith adopted. As thus amended, the resolutions were adopted by a vote of 144 to 41, in the following form, the words in ilafics being the amendments proposed nnd adopted. "JOINT RESOLUTIONS concerning Or. cgon territory. "That, by the convention concluded the twentieth day of October, eighteen hundred and eighteen, between tho United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for the period of ten years, and afterwards indefinitely extended and continued in force by another' con ven tinn of the same' parties, concluded the 6lh day of August,' lirthe yearof our Lord one thousand eight hundred,end twenty-seven, it was. agreed that any .'country thai may be claimed by eithcrjparty.op the northwest coastof America westward-of the S'onvor Rookr mriuntain, now-commonly called the !Oregon territory, should, together with Its harbors; hays, ana creeks, ana tno navigation of all rivors within the same, be free and i open' to the vessels, citizens; and subjects of the two powers, but without prejudice to any claim which either of tke parties might have to any part of said country ; and with this further provision, in the second article of the said convention of the sixth of August, eigh teen hundred and twsnty-seven, that either party might abrogate and annul said con van. tinn, on giving thn due notico of twulvo months to the othor contracting party that it has now become desirable that tho respect ive claim1 of tho United States and Great Britain should be definitely settled; and that said territory may no longer than need be remain subject to the evil consequences of the divided allegiance ot its American and British population, and of the confusion and conflict of national jurisdictions, dangerous to the cherished peaco and good understand, ing of the two countries. And, therefore, that steps be taken for the abrogation of tho said .convention of the 6th August, 1827, in in the mode prescribed in its 2d article, and that the attention of the government of both countries may be the more earnrst'y directed to the importance of a speedy adiustnent ofaU Vlheir deferences and disputes in respect to said territory. Skc 2. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United States be authori sed and requested to give to the British govern ment the notice required by its said stcond ar ticle for the abrogation of the said convention of the Othof August, 1827." There will be some difficulty in agreeing to these amendments, but a conference will settle tho matter. V. H. CONGREM. Washington, April 17. The House went into com'mitteo of the Whole On tho state of the Union as soon as the jou main were read, and Mr. Chapman, of Alabama, bcingentitled to 1 he floor, spoke his hour against the bill and the substitute. Judge Douglass, of Illinois, folljwcd Mr. C. in a very cTet.r and forcible speech in fa vor of the bill rf ported by the majority. He remarked that 'ie was in favor of this bill on ly because ho had become satisfied that his own, 'bnr.ing a regular territorial govern- mint, and extending the boundaries, up to ii4 40, could not pass under the present state of feeling that existed in the House. That he was satisfied that it was due to our citi zens vho-migratcd to Oregon that the pro tection of our laws should he extended over them ; and he believed that this could 1 accomplished bv the bill reported by the majority of the committee of which he was chairman 1 He was more willing to go for it, as there was nothing in it that even by implication could be tortured, -into any thing like an expression of willingness on our part to surrender any portion of the territory to Great Britain south of the Rus?ien line. He (Mr. D.) was interrupted by Mr. Holmes, of S. C, who congratulated him upon tho moderation nt his opinions upon thoOregon question, so far as to be willing to go for the bill reported by the majority. Mr. Doug, lass replied, if to go for that bill, only Lccause lis own could not be carried, was nuch a modification as in the estimation of the grn tlemnn from S. C. was worthy of his con gratulations, he had no objection to receive them. But if the gentleman intended to convey the idea, that he, (Douglass) had abated one jot or tittlo of his ardor for the whole territory up to 04-40, or that ho would approve cither this or any subsequent ad- ministration surrendering one inch south of that line, he, Mr. 11., was mistaken in ins man. That he now reaffirmed all that he had said upon a previous occasion upon this subject, and that ho would regard it as the basest perfidy in the Democratic party if trey participated in any compromise oi tho question that did not secure to tho united States the whole of the territory up to the Russian line. He maintained that under the bill the ma jority had reported, the Judges of the terri tory of Iowa would be compelled to extend the laws over any citizen of the United S'atcH, no matter what part of Oregon that citizen might be found. The 64 40 men could, therefore, with propriety support this bill. Mr.. Douglass i was again interrupted fey Mr; Holmes, of I. C, who said that the ter ritory of Iowa was about becoming State, in which event the provisions nt this bill would cease, and the laws of the lUnited 8talw oouM not, without farther lejsislatJoa be extended over Oregon. r. uefla replied, that that matter had receive! the ooneideratiea of theoornitteontrrieeier and if the bill creating tho State of Iowa, an reonrted bv the oemmlttee . eased at this session of Congress, it wan the design of the committee to at once report a bill organizing a territory nerth or the State or Iowa, ansj to provide in it, that the laws under that new organisation should be extended over Oregon precisely as was now contemplated should ce done while Iowa remained a territory. Mr. Owen, of Ind., also mane a very sensible speech in favor of tho hill, suggesting some modifications with a viow of perfecting it. The hour having arrived at which all de bate was to oease, the committee proceeded to vote upon tho various amendments that hail been offered. Mr. Rathbun then proposed so to amend the bill as to extend tho jurisdiction of our laws over the wholo territory lying let ween 43 and 54 40. This also was defeated 40 voting in favor of the proposition, and 70 against it. Mr. Winthrop offered a resolution t tho effect that involuntsry serviud :iever should exist in said terri'orial limits except for crio. Italso failed by a vote of 67 to 02. The committee then rose and repotted the bill and amendments to the House, when, on motion of Mr. Thompson, of Vs., the previ. ous question was seconded by a large ma. jority. Mr. Morse, ot La., moved that when the House adjourn, it adjourn over until Monday next ; upon which the yeas and nays were ordered, and the resolution lost by a vote of 110 tof7. Tho Hou'c then adjourned un til to-morrow, at which time thit bill will bo finally disposed of; and in all probability passed. J Men or Amekica. The greatest man, "take h:m for all in all," of the last hun drcd years, was Gen. Geo. Washington an American. The greatest metaphysician was Jonathan Edwards an American. The g-rntf-Ht natural philosopher was Ben jamin Franklin an American. The greatest living sculptor is Hiram Power on American. The greater writer on law, in the Eng lish language, for the present century, was Judge Story an American. The greatest of living hUtotiins U Will, iam II. Pretcott en American. The greatest living ornithologist is John James Audulior. an American. There has hi ti no English writer in tho present age whose works have Ictn maikcd with more hrmor, morn refinement, or more grace, than those of Washington Irving an American. The pn atcst lexicographer sipce tl-c timo of Johnson, was Noah Webstcr-r-an Ameri can. The inventors, whose works have been productive of the greatest cmount of bene fit to mankind, in the last century, were God. frcy, Fitch, Pulton.Whitnry- all Americans. Early Kail Road. A woo 'cnrail way was built at the Colebrook Dale Iron Works in 1767. At this time the price of iron was very low, and tho owners in order to keep their men employed, determined to cast bare to lay on the wooden rails, to rave rerairs, which, on the wooden roads, were continual, ly nccessarYf These bars were cart in such a shspe, that in ease of a sudden rise in the price of irm they might be taken tip and Mid (or pig iron. They wore about five feet long, four inches wide, and one inch and a quarter thick. This may be considered as the introduc tion of iron upon rail roads. Soon after this, (1770) iron rails, with an upright flange, to keep lite wheels upon the track, were brought into use first.in the colliery of the Duke of Norfolk, near Sheffield. NswerAfM Passs or Ntw Yon. In 1834 there were fifteen daily newepefere published in the city of New York, having an sggregato circulation estimated nt 40, 320 copies daily. In 1 840 there are sixteen, daily papers, of which the aggregate circu lation Is estimated at 103,700 eofiee daily, being an increase of 02,B8d eopiea within twelve years. The number of newspnptr subscribers has increased one hundred and fifty five nor cent., while the population of the city and suburbs has increased a Uttto leea than one hundred per cent.
