m
m
ii
?Pil
H"'
stained by slaughters, massacres and routs ;
and we have new wn n inttanoo of such
wide-spread villainy at that of Titus Gates
and others, in England. Such a scheme could
not succeed among' our honest and shrewd
iiopulation. Our experience has denxmstim
tod that the popular principle in our govern
ment, is eminently practical as well as beau
tiful in theory. Our historywill conclusive.
Iv show, that the American people have, in
tho main, selected the most able and upright
men for public officers ; and that talents and
integrity have not gone forgotten and un
known. And the reason of this is plain and
obvious. Every citizen has a direct inlercat
in nu honest and just administration of the
government ; and although the people may
sometimes dismiss an honest and able officer
tor specious reasons, they are certain not to
retain in office an unfaithful incumbent. It
may be safely said, that in any civilized
community, where there is honesty enough
to obey a judicious system of laws, there is
always intelligence enough to appreciate
them'. The nature of our popular institu
tions has tausht men to know their rights, it
has made them acquainted with the limits of
power, has brought the governors and the
L'overned into so close a union, that there is
that politeness and attention to the wants of
the community, to be found among our om
cers, that does not exist among tho officers of
other governments. But this principle has
not only taught our people to resist oppres.
mod on tho part of those in power, and to
watch with jealous vigilance the adminis
tion of their government; but it has led them
to resist imposition even in private life, conio
from what quarter it may. And the freedom
of speech and of tho press, in our country,
though some times abused, has had the most
beneficial influenco in society. Public cen.
sure is a great check upon vico, and public
approbation is a great rewarder of virtue.
The honest mind, conscious of its own integ.
rity of purpose, will not perhaps be driven
from its course by ill-timed censure; but the
dishonest man, equally conscious of his own
turpitude, will tremble beforo that public
censure, which he too well knows ho justly
merit.
Permit me now, my fellow.citizens, to tug.
gest a few considerations upon other points of
our subject, lite subject ot education (mat
most noblo cnlightener of the human mind)
has received in the United States very great
attention. Our statesmen have acted upon
the principle, that a few people, in whose
hands arc placed the sacred deposits of lib.
erty, won and left by our forefathers, should
be intelligent. Congress has made liberal
donations of land for purposes of education;
and in many states a system of free schools
has been successfully put in operation. The
census of 1840 has shown that in some of the
states, where free schools are common, that
only about one out of every hundred males
of tho ago of 20 or upwards, could neither,
read nor write. Our national literature, it
is true, docs not yet equal that of the oldest
nations of the world; but this is owing to our
youth, and to our want of those greater fa.
cilities which they enjoy. But it may be said,
that intelligence is moro extensively diffused
among the great moss in America, than in
any portion of tho world. And this is more
especially true as regards a knowledge of our
government ; for you will scarcely meet a
man, in our country, however ignorant he
may bo on other subjects, that does not fully
know and understand his rights as a citizen.
Tho progress of manufactures in our coun
try has been most rapid; so much so, that all
the useful articles can be, and are now made
at home, with the exception of needles. The
value of manufactured articles in Massachu
setts alone far exceeds all the exports of the
cntiro union; and such has been our wonder
ful progress in this branch of industry, that it
will very soon be difficult fijr our govern
ment to raise an adequate revenue by the im
position of a tariff upon imports. And while
our progress in manufactures has been thus
gratifying, our progress in agriculture and
commerce has been equally successful. The
census of 1840 exhibited the enormous value
of the agricultural productions of our coun
try. Commerce baa extended to every nook
and corner of the habitable globe, and our
ships fill every sea; and the day is rapidly
approaching when our commerce will be sec
ond tpthat of no nation on earth.
I will now say something in relation to the
territory and population of our oountry. At the
period of the Americantrevolution we had. a
population of about three millions, and we
have now a K)tulution f more than twenty
millions. When our present constitution was
formed, wo had thirteen status, wu have now
twenty-nine. Wo havo now a territory suf
ficient to contain thrcu hundred millions pop.
ulation, and at tho samo rute of increase, in
seventy years more wo shall have u popula
tion of more than one hundred and thirty
three millions, at tho least three times us
Lmanv ns the largest state in Europe. Our
ivt to nay, that" many years will not have irccitlhlo damage. W learn by ihw wnval that
pissed by, until the whole of North Amaricu L P '" "I"" f March, no deriwvr nrlion had taken
y compose one mighty family of peaceful I place between the government of the I'nitrd Him
sites; and this by tho frco and unbiased mid (treat llritaln with regard In Oregon. Tho m-iiMo
aoice of tho people themselves, for we do not i of the U. States went kUII debuting llw resolution pam
sck, as president l'olk Bays, " to ox I end our ! !y tin- lower hem-, to give, to Omit llntinu the
givcrumcnt over u roluctant people." , neccwary notion to u trnninntion of the convention of
And now, my follow-citizcns. let me say a IH1H, mhnilting Urn right of joint -Mimlion. Thcn
fw words in relation to ourselves here in wu no doubt the. resolution would mm, Imt n amend-
friH'Oll. Wu. IiL'k imr fiirf'fiitlinrw urn in n , ...I ... i.. I....... .1 . 1, ..-i..,. ....... u .il. il... ..... ;.!.. til fi.
'government is one of the mightiest on earth, ( n-w world; hut unlike them, wo did not flee . tin- notice or not tu might went to him eHdnnt
having its territories all compactly united to. fom oppression. Uur government never op. . This wiu advocated by both particH in the mimic in u
gcthcr, and not consisting of detached par-. pusses tiny of its people. We havo torn our-1 nce meiuuire, unl not designed in clow tin- door to
eels, difficult and expensive to govern. Our slves asunder from friends and early u.vso. r,.,,Pwrd negotiation. No preparation.. u.r.. nuking
country has a soil unequalled in fertility, and ' cations ; and through the wide desert, have ,,, u,,. u. sinien for a remit other than ncucctul to the
a climate varying from the frozen regionsof, rude our way to the shores of the great Pa- , iiiement of ih qurhtion. 'IV Ki.gl..hi:.N.n.tw.ur.
Maine to the mild and sunny plains of Texas, ' die. Our minds naturally revert to the y (. ,,. (. wil, )llir w ,,. moderate ..l ,m-
uuu ,w3l-c- immense muiimumiruig, eoiu- jiiiisiiig seuiies m timer "ays. vur eotmiry , Clfipilll ,. WIIJ(.,.,. s,r Robert IVel hud hud In-fore
merciat and agricultural advantages, prmlu. ttat we Have loll bohiml, we have not lnrgi.it. urmm..nt w ..-.. .....l intentm... m regard u. the.
cmg within herself almost every staple arti- j fn, nor ran we forget. The people of oth- , ,, nrlicl ,.r ,,, , ,,. ... adv.,.
cle necessary lor man s consumption, or for I c lands may scorn our iml.li principles, hut ! ,.,,. nw, , ,. r , ,- . ,., ,,, nll(,
manufactures, tt grow the largest ,K.rt.on , e will eher.M them ever. Wo ar" here , , mlmmu ,, lll)lllv ,.,,,. , lif (llltl(.H
of Indian corn, tobacco, and cotton, in the frre emphatically in a new world-are .win- j w j. f ,, ',, !irtir,., Ilf fw ,.,
world. We have the means ol national great-, nntlv distinguished bv nature. We hav .. .. . r., ,,
I f-u iii until 1 n iiii im nut ri iit- p mi' " r
ness at home. Our territories are invulnera- treat agricultural, commercial, mid manti
ble ut homo to any foreign power, for such ' ficturing advantages, and we are here to de
is their prodigious extent, that no invading vlopcthcm. (ireat improvements have been
foe could penetrate to the interior. Our in-1 nade in Oregon since I first saw it. Our in
ternal facilities for commerce are immense; , distry has been untiring, and our valleys and
and such has liecn tho improvements in steam, pains now exhibit large and well cultivnti l
mil rami, nml nnnnl Irnnstmrtntmn. flint u' tiriiw (In r nnum.cj i niiiiirr.L W'n viil'.
--1 .... ..... .. .......v.. , ...... ... -.-... ..Up;B ,.,., ... .... .. ... -. .. . .,.-,
could eoneeiitrnte n. iiiiirlitv nrmv nt nnv iriv. . (Vr. it is f rnc. nil tin. iiif.niii-riiiiiwiiu nf imu- t"" ''u',0,'
n nnihl u;iI..'m Oll.lnvc' 'PI... i.rnr'...u ..' ,. I,, . I..11 I... .... ........... .i:... I ..II il...i 'IV l'. .Slalewlliadroii, .HIIM.IHI,
our
fuvnrably rereed in our country, ciecially ly the
producing Muter, ami would dmihtleMi cull lor a mmhI.u
reduction of diitien 111 the I'. Slati i. on m.inufuf lured
articles. Ily llnut fniUerviug mutual iiiterertn, the ln-rl
feeliligx were etcitid, nod all mllijicls going Hw In
national dim-rciict. Iikvlv to In- fac ilitad d l -.n Inl
oint, within SO daw. Tin. progress of cumtrics ; hut ln who expects to find all the I "" ' ,a," "I1""1""1- """" ' '" "'"
country is imparalfeled in the lustory of , nivautages of it new and old settled country s""""a'' ","1 ,"'B"-'-. "'! H- "..r i-anr.
. When under the great Jellcrson's l uiitud, will certainly find himself much mis'. ' ',''rt"'"1'"'. -"" "''J u" " '" "" "'" ''"i
isel.s, the purchase of Louisiana was ef. ttken. There is inuctalcit, in the progress M,x," "",l 'l'fc"". '"''' ''- '" '. line .. at.
man
counsel.s, the pu
fectcd, it was feared bv many of our great
statesmen that our limits were becoming too
great and unwieldy. Time, however, has
shown that, in population, as our limits have
extended, our government has become more
stable and fixed. And this circumstance is
founded in reason, and results from the ua-
the Sauduirh lW.iutU taking mi U1.111I ru iott fur
0 human improvement, for us to do. I i'liuld
wish that we should be ns much distinguish. ''" l"l,,lru"
el for uur improved social condition", as our ' 'ni" S,"I' "f"'1'')". 'm .N otk. tt.i .it the .,nd
irw country is for its mighty features. A w,r" ,''l!l",L, ""'' '"'' i"iigfr. jfim-ially .M-r-citintry
so beautiful and interesting as Oie-1 ",0"'' ""'"l"-s- fr.inci.co. We I. .in further, th.it
gill, must and will occupy U proud stand. '" ""nnieiiMi migrulioii of .Mormon', or. un Ihej ii..v
Ve too, like the founders of our government, "11'' dieuwlwt, l-itm Da) Sauiti," i icirihug
We have liere loity.tivc iiioumiuI in number, wire to . t out m
M.iv rnuii lllinoii, and .MirMnin. InhuhI t ('.ditoriu.i
r. 11. 11.
''' iifs
.... . . ...
turc ol the human mind, liejre is some-1 ax making experiments
thing about a great, free, and magnificent panted the principles we hold dear. Wholly I'rom lllmoi and .MirM.un. l-imi t
government, that naturally allures men to its knows but that from this point, those great ' :iJ tin- Mjutliem .- r t oi thm t.-mti,r.
support. ho would not prcler lieing a eiti-) principles may pass lo the olden world, and
7c of such a government as that of the U- mo day give its enslaved myriads freedom j
States, to the right of citizenship in some pet- and peace. I believe we will set tin- day '
ty republic too poor to defray its expenses at vhen the valleys, streams, hills, and forests
home, ami too weak to he respected abroad? cf Oregon will echo with the songs of free
The more population, and the greater the ex-, 'loin. And now, fellow.citizens, prone :.
tent of territory the greater will he the fa-1 Americans are to differ in opinion, I know ,
cilities for trade, and the lighter will fall the (you will all unite with me in saying (iiiut
burthensof government upon each individual. ' ing to the American flag)
And one of the most pleasing reflections con. j That rtor.jwngled banner, () long may it wae ,
ncctcd with this' delightful theme is the fact, O'er tho land of the free und the homo or the. hrac." I
that our immense extent of territory, and our ' Notk. While writing out my address, I had no I
great prosperity, have been attained .without . hook w wmcti i coum reierj una an my quotation.
tho commission of a national crime. We a,,J rttttcmen, of fact. n""10 fro' recollection.
have never carried the desolation of war in. I
to tho bosoms of other countries from a base '
desire of conquest, and we have not sought,
nor do wc seek, to extend our authority over
unwilling minds. If others, charmed by the
frco and noble principles of our government, I
seek protection under its mighty wings, they
come in, not us slaves, but us fellow.citizens,
entitled to all the privileges that belong to us;
and form new and independent states, united
to this great family of the free. And we love
our country, not alone because she is great
now, and is rapidly taking tho front rank
among tho mighty nations of the earth, but
because she is pure, just, and free. And it
is .a source of just pride to us, that we arc
not only powerful in war, but wo are equal-
ly distinguished for our liberal principles,
our civilization and humanity. And who can
tell the destiny of America ? Old Rome nev
er filled a prouder destiny. Wo arc like a
young and vigorous giant, just beginning to
feel his powers. But wliilo we, with eino.
tions of pleasure, contemplate our greatness
attained so peacefully, und so soon, and an
ticipate with rapture that still grcator destiny
that uwaits us speedily, let us act out the
principles of our government, which teach
us the most expanded chanty, leaving all
people, kindreds, and tongues, to that per
fect freedom of opinion wo claim for our
selves. Wo have the most unshaken confi
dence in the superiority of those eternal and
unchanging principles of freedom upon which
our government is based; and we believe that
they are so founded and implanted in man's
very nature, that they will inevitably tri
umph, unaided by fraud or force, and from
their own innate and irrcsistable power. Wo
have tho faith to believe that our principles,
ever glorious and free, will go down along
the stream of coming years, gathering force
and vigor, as mun's mind expands and tho
soul improves, until they shaU arouse and
awaken the slumbering millions who yet nev
er knew what freedom was. And I hesitate
THE .SPECTATOR.
11. A. U. LE:, KlIITCK. J, KI.KMI.SU, I'll.
OrKOU City, Auajimt i, IK 10.
mr'l'he editor rcupectfully tenderv hw lliuiikn tu the
Board of Directum for the privilege of terminating hix
Kervicfn un editor, with tho prekent nurnlter of tho .Spec-
tutor. Ho gladly uvuita limweir of the opportunity thiw . ,.m , , ,. ,(, llher rexulu neccfanly follow
oUbrded him of returning to the more humblo und fur . , , . , ,.,,. ,r , . , ,,r ,.
. i r i i ..i l few Map urrival fcarc ly of eooo", and dimcullv
more oteaiianl duties of u labor uur mechanic, with a i ' ' h ""'"'
r . ... . n ........ ..r ...... ...:.... n... Li
happy coiwcioujnem or liaving uone llm bant that cir
i.i nt ok 11 rr 1 1 run o no n n t u r u r i.
I.ieut. ('iiinmaiiiliug, Ni li M IIouiwin
lellt. V. i. S( Ill.S'k.
i ting .Matter, Jaws l. Hi i.i..mk
' I'uix r. Wm. S. Mollis..
.Wi'tanl Stirgi'iiu, '.. m Hi i...i
I'tiNM'd .MiiUhiMiiau, T. M-l.tiiis
Mid'hipineu, 'I'. .1. Suir,
" II. I)IIIMI..
I'aptamV Clerk. .1. M. .Mmr
Deocrliiii; H-auieii.
W ii fi el it our dut) to call the attention of thr eiti
zeiM to iIim iiiiportaut mlijict, involving 10 i!., mir
mural, a ui II an our commercial intirr.u. At preM-nt
we ' e no (fllcieiit lawn fur thn protrrtn.ii nf maMer-i
A: cupuiiiu of eweln entering our iorti or hai lirx, in llii
retentiin and protr control of their M-aiiitn. Tlie mi.
' mUtIK:en are eauily llii.imi(l. Scan el) a en.eltuueh
en uur coaiit without liming a urtiou of her i rew ; and
there have Iweli iumkii! deM-rtiiui In. in uhale -lu
which M'litured barely within mIiI of the puie.clill'ii id
' Oregon. A can- nf thin kind occurred during the laft
winter, rive ninnen deM-rted u ulinU-r in the night,
taking one of thn boutx and making for Ihe Klmru near
(irny'n hurlmr, t-oine MXty milcn north of the mnuth of
the Columbia. In crowing the hrcukcrw the ica be.
ing rough threo of the men were loot, only two rem lc
ing the nhure ulie. While thin riate of thing la.ti,
we cannot exjHct ekvlx to tixit un, unl'.m their pron
jiccui of gain or m-iikc of duty is Millicunt to induce
curmtances allowed. And with n nincere winh that the
paper may be rendered more acceptable to the reader,
ltd more prolitable lo the proprietor, lie bub them mid
Urn public a kind adieu.
A Fjuk.nd i.n Dkkd. Wu uru much indebted, und
truly thankful, lo tho Editor of the I'olyneaian und
Mean. C. Ornwer t Co., (Honolulu, S. I.,) for their
opportune kinknea iu receiving und I'orwurding Hub
ecriptionn to the Spectator. Wo take thin opportunity
to Inform our friend ubroud, that, owing to Ihe pecu
liar nature of our currency, tho Hoard of Uirectom
have been induced to fix Uie prico of the Spectator ut
$5 per annum. When cadi i paid, however, a din
count 33 per cent. i made, which reduce the price
of the paper to $3 33). We acknowledge the receipt
of Gen. Miller! aubacriptlon, through the politenew of
Mr. Stark, of $5 cauli, which la $1 G6 more than
oar due. It will itand aa so much paid on the second
volume, or be refunded, aa ho may with.
THE U. 8. SCHOONER SHARK.
,,Tho United States schooner Shark came into tho
mouth of the Columbia river on tho 18th ult., 34 days
from the Sandwich Islands. After pasting Dakor
Bay,4he Shark was run upon Chenook shoal, through
lisa imaVIIftilnstafl nt n narrm man fnxtnA llwinrf ut Ik
Cape, who undertook to pilot her over to Astoria. She
was however gotten off in a few hours, having suffered
of exporting our Mirplux produce, Ac., a,c. TIicm- re.
kiiIU, in their tutu, Ih-coiui-chinch, uml produce oilier
efleeti eimally liupleavant. .Men, feeling exai.u.raliil
under thn chafiiignof IIichi- circuiiiMuncc, ami unable
or unwilling tu trace them to their prime cuu, are
ready to churgc. tin: eviln to thr cupidit) of tho lew
mcrclinnld who have ventured among us; and who are
thcnisclvcK more or Icmi the wuHirern witlf thr rent of in-.
Thus adding tu our unfortunate circnirmtanccs the
i greater cil of pcrwinul ill-will uml unkind feeling
among thn citliens. A Htill farther, and wo think, a
still morn deplorablo coin-eijiicncc in, that wu have
thrown into wicicty a flout of unprofitable, unit to buy
tho leant fur them, undciiirablo chuructern. Wo re
gard deiertion iuelf, under ordinary circuniHtanccs, ax
really mean und exceedingly low quite beueuth un
honent man. Now, if we wish to free ourselves from
this immense train of ovils, it is quite us plain as it iu
important, that we should strike at the root. It is ut
terly useless, or something worse, for us to abuse tho
merchants, or the merchants upbraid tho importers for
high prices on goods and excessive charges for freight,
while we allow deserters to enjoy all Ihe rights and
privileges of free citiiens with us. So long as merchant
ships aro subjected to the risk of losing their men with
out tho hope of getting them back uguln, or even of
supplying their place so long will those who freight
by them, be compelled to pay n higher price for freight