THE fJKECTATOR.
Life affbnfe disagreeable thlsge in ptantjr to the
highort reus! ami eomforts to the lower ee that, on
(he whole, Ullage ere more equally divided WKf the
nona of Adam than they ere generally rappoeed to be."
Tho bImvo wan a remark of one, whorotho
distinctions in society wore mora visible and
of greater consideration, than is presented in
Oregon at this period; and what in tho Infer
rnco to be drawn from it, but that the means
of comfortable HubHlKtcncc nflbrd oh pure and
jKsrfcct enjoyment of life, ns oven affluence
itself can bestow; and if tho means have to
bo procured by lnlor, ho that it is voluntary,
not executive, and free in it direction, let us
bo assured it will not detract from the enjoy
ment, but rather increase, to a great extent,
the absolute end for which wo live tho hap
pincsH of ourselvcH and tho wolfaro of tho
community ; for lot the idea be carried out
individually, and tho aggrcgato result be
comes national happiness. And who is thcro
who docs not fondly hope that such will he
tho feature which our young and promising
country will present ? Young sho may Ihj,
but with no insignificance is she viewed by
tho older powers. Hon desirable then that wo
.should really exhibit tlutt position which will
render us worthy of tho mime of u rising
state! and which can only be acquired by each
depending on and confiding i his own in
nato power, of securing a comfortable Mil),
sistetice, and which, acted upon, must inev
itably be followed by an increase of domes
tic comfort an extension of tho export and
import lists, and a general augmentation of
wealth, the acknowledged tests of national
prosperity.
Agricultural Chemistry. -Ne. 3.
rtax LiEaia asd otiicbo.
The action of plants on the air in the ab.
sence of light thut is, du ring night has been
much misconceived by botanists; tho experi
ments of Ingcnhouss were in 11 great degree
the cause of this ; his observation that green
plants emit carbonic acid in the dark led oth
crs to new investigations, by which it was as
ccrtaincd that under such conditions plant
do really absorb oxygen and emit carbonic
acid ; but thut the whole volume of air un
dergoes diminution ut the same time. Prom
tho latter fuct it follows, that the quuntityof
oxygen absorbed is grcuter than the volume
of carbonic acid separated; for, otherwise, no
diminution could occur. TIicm) facts cannot
bo doubted, but the views based on them can,
and a knowledge of the chemical relations of
plants to the utmOsphcre, proves them to bo
false.
The decomposition of carbonic acid is ar
rested by tho absence of light, and most bot
anists havo connected the emission of car
bonic acid during the night, with the absorp.
lion of oxvgcn from the atmosphere, and havo
considered those actions as a truo process of
rosniration in plants, similar to that of am
mals,t and liko it, having for its result tho
Reparation of carbon from some of their con
htitijents. This opinion has a very weak and
unsfablo foundation. Tho carbonic acid,
which has been absorbed by tho leaves and
roots, together with water, ceases to bo de
composed on tho departure of daylight; it is
dissolved in the juices which pervades all
pqrts of tho plant, and escapes every moment
through the leaves in quantity corresponding
to the water which evaporates.
A soil in which plants vegetatp vigorous
ly, contains a certain quantity of moisture
which is necessary to their existence ; car-'
oomc acier is aiwuys present in sueh a soil,
whether abstracted from tho air, or genera
ted by tho decay of vegctablo mattor. Rain
water invariably contains carbonic acid;
plants, during life, constantly possess the
power of ubsorbing by their roots moisture,
and along with it, air and carbonio acid. Is it
therefore-surprising, that the carbonio acid
should bo returned unchanged to the atmn.
phore, along, with water, when light (the'
uttuseoi mo uxmioiioi lis aarnon;, is absent?
Neither this cmissionof carbonic aoid, nor
tho absorption ofeygon has any connexion
with the process m assimilation ; nor have
they any relation to one another; the one i
a purely mechanical, tho other a purely 6ho
miiial process. A cotton wiokeaolosed in
lamp, whioh contain a liquid saturated with
dfiij -'u
t- .'
eiafcsJ
,ft'K !sT
-;''riii. j'l
irsaV'Taw-B mmmm el saveV
I. iSVsaw. MJBSTl SsWi
J , rl'ifr- w ' . " '" ' l lj-- -'"' - ' ' ' '
1111 1 1 11 niiii 1 ii i 1 iiiw 1 ii 111 mp njni mil 11 1 riii
" Westward u Met of Eaepire lakes. lis .iftsy." .
C'Jta-rii t , ;y-.Txrxrtf-3.acrt fflrtOintaBtt!
. ,t. - .- c 5'.ifHl
1 4BI "l FfL' 'Y'k wji I
t.tawBBa ytmkmmmn
SB? Mil ii .SB,IA'uasW as1 . SB m' " ' amm ' ' m-
iirKiriiiiaMiHiriiiiir
W K mbbbbb: tsiw easMB- inWssaT 'bbhbVbWiVbF' 9 Wtm V bwsbb m
-am. .jujtaMJiyiui.fi
ri t) rvXiry
Tol. I (0rtf t City, (OtiOB TkO TluneUy, Jtjay U, 1146.
Mt.9.
carbonic acid, acts exactly In the'same niafi
ner an a living plant In the night; water and
carbonio acid arc sucked up by capillary at
traction, and both evaporate' from the exte
rior part of the wiok plants which live in a
soil abounding in htrntu, or vegetable mould;
exhale much more carbonic acid during night)
than those in soil wherein it Is scarce; they
ulso yield inoro in rainy than in dry weather.
There are other (acta whioh prove in a de
cisive manner that plants yield mere oxygen
to tho atinosphere than they extract from it;
these proofs, however, are to be drawn -With
certainty only from plants which live under
water. When pools and ditches,-the Bottoms
of which aro covered with growing, plants,
freeze upon their surface in winter, so that
tho water is completely excluded from the
atmosphere by a clear, stratum of ice, small
bubbles of gas aro seen to escape continually
during the day, from tho points of the leaves
and twigs : they are very small at first, but
collect and form large bubbles. They con
sist of pure oxygen. Neither during tho night,
nor during the day when the sun docs not
shine, are I hey observed Is dimmish in quan
thy. The source of this oxygen, is the car.
bouic acid dissolved in the water, which i
absorbed by the plants, but is 'again supplied
to tho water, ny tho decay or vegetable mat
tcr in tho soil. Now if these plants absorb
oxygen during the night, it can be in no great
er quantity than that which the surrounding
water holds in solution, for the gas which has
been exhaled, is not again absorbed. The
action of water-plants cannot bo supposed to
form an exception to a great law of nature,
and the less so, as the different action of aeri
al plants upon tho atmosphere is very easily
explained. '
These facts point out the 'cause of the nu
merous contradictory observations, with re
specti to tho effect on air by living plants, and
also tho false views deduced tiierefrom by
botanists, whose talent and labor has been
wholly spent in the examination of form and
structure, without allowing chemistry and
physics to sit in council upon the explana
tion of the moat simple processes. Nature
speaks to us in a peculiar language in the
language of phenomena; she answers at all
times tho questions which are put to her; and
such questions aro experiments. An experi
ment is the expression of a thought; we are
near the truth when the phenomenon elicited
by the experiment corresponds to the thought;
whilo the opposite result shows that the ques
tion was falsely stated, and that the concep
tion was erroneous.
It has been endeavored to be shown that
the carbon of plants is derived from the at
mosphere; we will next inquire what power
is exerted on vegetation by the humus of the
soil.
(J ,- -tir'tkeleeartor.
u ' r May Wearta lat ftotfrmi
Obfwef! I remember those aright sassy nmwng--'
fthm sweet lovely aterafagohi Meyyi '
. Their fragrance in silence sway.
The deer, f nan the forests, sow restate to eaBy .
- .,.To crop the aeir grass of the mead;. -The
wohre, tired of hunting, no'leager will iallr,
1 Anil bVileep to their deas quickly epeea. '
The fanner, bie wheat which was sown ia the fall,
' J lease ever Ms fence to' aavdre;
Tbe4estiaraeewiat;iedeMfcrtBsslswtef;
Boys, the as seme rest e issawev
Unyoke them and tarn Umss adrift who the melee;
Till harvest well net need then gsisf
Now see them released from their tettea and teih
Go bounding away o'er the plain.
The gardeae, Jww fair! the green leaves jast peeping
O'er the earth which the dew haa refreeked;
WhoW heart Is not wafm'd, when tfaeae Deaatiee be
holding lias winter atiUlock'd is ak breast.
One morning, like this, when the children aawmWed
To lean hew to read and to pray,
From my window I aaw two ladies departing,
To cpend with a neighbor the day.
For n moment, the pfeaaure which they would receive
r X la inhaling the free fragrant air,
. WBro'l a ahade afcr my tbosghl, and cau
" I Vim ! fpfwn MWmuiMrttl mmA
Heile for HwBMe-Wlves.
When you rise in the rooming, never be
particular about pinning your clothes so very
nicoly you can, do that at any time. 'Never
comb your hair, or take off your night-cap
till after breakfast. When you begin your
toilet, combing, washing, die, you. may do it
before the window, or the front entrybut,
tho most proper place is the kitlonj Never
havo any particular plaoc for any, thing in
tiio house. Never sweep your floor, until
you know that some one is coming in 4hey
will then see' how neat and tidy; you are.
When dono sweeping, leavd-yoHtr broom on
the' floor never brush down cob: webs. Keep
your parlor andlbed.wmwindowi shut oloae'
in mo aog-aays, anq your cnecsvw, iw- your
bed.ohamberi. .Neforleart your daughters
to mend or make any ottheirolotHei; It might1
give them sore fingers Never suppiSatr the
truth of a joke; fr fear of harting people's
feelings.- If yoollkyirhSbwdas
well aa you ought, ovtwMitsMoMvtsoe
him that you are not'arespecier'of rabaa.
Dont try to keepyoar temper VefAas
soon and fast as possible, you1 will then 'be
quiet as cider with the cork drawn nine hours.
I caue'd me to grieve
For release from confinement and care.
But qsickly returning to my duty again,
I wae able to keep on my way? '
FeeUag gted I was tvtr panakted to eee,
Am retoiee ia the beautiee of May.
Feanuiy, lft4. . M.J. a
From the Rural Repository.
A Ctaptor Klsststa;.
Kissing has come down to us from the re
motest antiquity. It Ls blended with the hisl
tory of man,-and has at different periods, asi
sumed an important place as a civil and re-
HgiouB ceremonial. In this country it is
merely considered as a salutation expressive
of the warmth of affection. From whatever
cause it may have originated, it would seern
to be a very natural expression for the finrr
feelings of tho soul; for even tho inferior cre
ation, in their own symboli" language mani
fest their affection for each other, and even
for the human npecies, in a manner very simi
lar. Hence its perpetuation: 'clothed as it is
with all the venoration that we attach to age,
and being in' a measure, incited as it were,
byinntinot. - '
Linked as this custom is with our infantile
years, we cannot well cast it from our mem
ory. How well we recollect a mother's fond
greetings, and the endearing embrace of our
sisters! -But passed are they in our boyhood
years: Gone is that loved mother. Quietly
leepa that sweet sister beneath the clods of
tae valley! Around tne scenes or ones cnua
hood it is ever delightful to linger for then
every thing was so joyous and innocent, so
untouched ?y tho cares and turmoils of tho
world. And .truly, amid all those early re.
collections, nothing is more pleasant, and
more holy than the mesnory of; a mother's
kiss. That man, hpwever proud his estate,
muat be callous to those purer feelings, of our
nature, who, does not plcasuxably remember
the kiss of his mother. , ,f , , . ,
D.l .kW la annriiaii IrSnd rt lrtaa if UTA Iniv
lUUI Mlvf V 10 iiuiiiui nwu w Kin v "mJ I
0 a quaiuyiiiK iurni, a kiiw wuiuii lauiaouc.,
net of affection between lovers, " a kiss, of
'.. . v ' .. -
usoa qualifying term, a kiss which is the sig
het of affnetion between lovers. " a kisso
youth and I'ove;' emanating from hearts al-;
l..JrMdtaw1.iK1tp tintArl ''Pla tint mAlwlv
'wu uniiwmiiii uihikii, . ...v....
ybuthfuV fanbv 'lis 'not the ebullition of a
hABttut' itnaarinaiinn V far who hhs seen the
maiden's cheek tinged' will, the deep crimson
of ' blush, M, that haa'justly tbought'that
thery'WM pekortiii that vibration of life's
genial'durMi-thtVkisi' told of 'latent feel-Wg-of
passion's essenct. As an'emblem of
pilkHtedfMith, tw tflottrfof thei tirdendV of
eto ejrprtsi'the sensationslt'chveys to the
Htwitt1' ' l -L"1 e'
CMae-aJstVosBTaes klaslniranoiur'frielidsl
wet!rar riehhW UeaofoonaaSguinity,
or of aflecftlon, mtely as ah1 exprei of
frleiietfi6.i 'TT1s kistso far as It'emanates
frorriijrty ahrl.uj oommeOdablei bttt
whore Mil
malitv. aesi
MighborhbcVf.
mmm
through cold for
vary meetingof
truly asweous. So
haUowed'a;OiewiMikit, 'hould not be
sacrificed oTwtt4artdness of the
world. 'K TV;
tmatcurTahokld desoHbe'k!? Weu aav
nothing of hrtwent hrlwefltet
.ody, Imagine, tM.aowting of
To drink
m. m a ' S W .. -.-
in lUrtettaasJodv. hriaadne. the aoiitm
those ruby liaa-Mhe bewitching Waek ere.
that half laHw-iW, hadf'gc hunwr a
putting oniat the isms time a deeisraaal
more lovely, hue p aiad then, .the objeet; sale
thatyeu heialasost sswedto lovr, od van
have it. Thia kiss is ofUa pane1rafaw tW
isKre wantoaneas, or a sfecies cfftrteied
gallantry, and the donor deainiii acWjvufMi
xhfiwkyoflkenflfUmlhtruiom; wkiek
to tke honor of theeevMiveiee, UkiftgrtaUti,
unless it ktoooftoiu4n4.aniisiiaaly err
farmed. Thkioi.mimmmm,hmfi
MuVles), will not, inlnesi yaaefetaf
aaceforsoslkhtasin. We tWswktei aeet
uaaioubtedly alluded totbkkkmhahtii
There's sajsassssg ia a Uw. :, i( .; ,
, TbM I sesa aevealk; . ..... ,
u WtaWMvereS issws--- ' ' : '" ' fr
NrteVrtwheaweatealk. - -"
The vlrttse of a kiss evidently tfiesWifi.
on the moUVer It should 'be fiai5mjik
vestat'ecre and never aticrileffcyofiVred
upon the altar of Iin'puhffy," or peWedby
the icy touch of blind formality: -J
Aa a custom indicative of the ftrvetstyof
the affections, it should ever be totersrted;' for
whatever tends to keep them, alive perpwtu
ates some of the noUeaj characte'ristios er the
human family. " .' j V jmt. j
j.
, A Waur with
,- Hear what a. stump orator bm'i
the subject of Oregon and a war witfcOmt
HriUm: iU x :t Ut,- ". 1a
Whar, I say whary ia the iaridaal wlw
would give up the first foot, tk fU,0ta4e
sbadow of a loot of the great Oragon? -TJatMw
ant no suchindiyiduaJ.' Talk a4ert tasalj
occupations to a country ovey wjuoa tkf jjfffj
American fjbaa &jfemt
ooouparJon. Who,wants a fejcetof jpjr mmg,
"outaiae bartiariane" to go injxbaot AgjM,
and share alike ajpiece oflaMtw.flvejra
was and always will be oursf Njobovv Ipme
people talk as though tbey.wereliweMdf
Bigland. WwUafeerdf HayVf .wUcVi
her twice, and can't we lick her again? "jMk
her! yes; just as easy as a bar can bub down
a fresh peeled saplin. "Some skee'ry fbustauV
about the Navy, of England: but 4ft -carta
for the navy? Others thane ia U'nik.
tress of the oceari.' Suppose shii fe-Ilftw
the masters of it? Can't we VutVca Wfrttri
tho Mississippi to the Manirrioth Cave of Ken
tucky, turn all the water 'into it, and, irf'wp
,hc a d ocean in three wwhtwWr,'
then', would be tho navy? It1 would bene
uhar! There never would havrfT'aiy
Atlantic ocean if it hadn't been for the Mis
sissippi, no never'will ber after weVertsm
edthe waters of that big drink into tW Manti
moth Cave ! When' that's dooir, yeull see
all the steam ships and their sail aWai'ihey
splurge so milch about lying' htglt-aM dry,
ftounderin like so many turblea left aahew
at low tide. That's the Way we'll fbt 'sW
Who's afeerd ? i -. ' n rt?
(KrThere ie such a thiag aa aUpractioal ear
undrum, whioh is not . amta. - Look a' hea,
Sam,' said a western negro one day to a fie hi
hand over, the fence In anadjetaingleljJleak
ahea, d'you seefdat tall tree dewmtsian' j
'Yas, I does.' 'iVVal, I go up dat tree sky '
'afore yWday, to debary top.'.Wat .waa.
you a'tar Sam?' 4I was a'ter ;a Ceonj' a'i
wen I'.d ehaaed 'irn clar outtoit'oasleraaiid
ofdat longea' lim', I hern,aumfla drop.',
4 Wat yqu guess 'twaa, Sarot-rrd'.yo"ugiva,,Bi
up? 'Tuxu disfoolith niggarf E-yahre-yahJ
' " " WMaMMjaMaeMm rVion r I H
Aboowook Cotow, HfhfP&Ff&M
in Aroottoo county, two wnijuaa
average 01 o personam a lamuj
populaUpn of JMQtf,.Jha numWjr pi
Z2ELtmm?m
comiunauie -10
IBXJBI
ary' dWeHinMu'ntilthewnew:
tlMmaelvee at?iuld rnoSa
66nvenl6ntHcaea fmffi&fu
;vi
B HVaw Bl
and weU.ehitru6t'TaU
that the xMott'fawUkM WW
of good farming. They art Mnv,ll
atfa'cctsiequeobti'
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