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Sf)e tUfdiin Enterprise.
Oregon City, Oregon , ,
D. C. ELAXft, EDITOR AXD PROPRIETOR.
Saturday
Sept. 5, 1863.
National Union Ticket.
FOR PUESIDEXT,
Gen. ULYSSES S.GEANT
FOR VICE PRESIDEXT,
SCHUYLER COLFAX.
. : For Presidential Electors,
A. B. MEACH AM, of Union county.
Dr. W. BOWLBY, of Washington.
O. JACOBS, of Jackson.
WALLWIETi NOT "WILL.IMETTE,"
ders of the Exterprisk hare per-
aps observed that we have adopted the
jl.ain and correct orthography of the word
Wallaraet. We do this because we be
.lieve it to be right, and we are pleased to
tee that the Oregonian has for some time
, past used the same method of spelling the
word, and also, that Tuvsday's Herald had
it. V think it proper to correct the
error into which general use ha3 called
this, and hope to see the pres3 of Oregon
make Wallaraet universal. In 1S61 an ef
fort was made to drive out of custom the
common style, but for want of concei ted
nction then the effort failed. At that time
the Portland correspondent of the San
Francisco Bulletin corrected Californian
use of the word, and it has since held
good. The following is an extract from
the Bidldlii correspondence, dated August
17th, 1864 ;
' I may as well take this occasion to set
the Bulletin proof-reader, and the rest of
the world, right about the orthography of
Our beauUiul (Jregon river allarnet.
The word is of Indian origin, and, as they
had no written language, tbe early feitiers
of this country caught the pronunciation
from them, and gave it an English orthog
ranbv. It being often difficult for white
people $$ get the correct pronunciation of
Indian words ana names, owing to the un
it-rent training ot the organs ol ppoech.it
happened, of course, that the word was
spelled dilTerently by different people. In
q this way, in early times, the word came to
be spelled by the residents of the country
who were laminar with the muian pro
nunciation Wahlainett, Wallaraut and
Waliamet. Irving, in his Astoria, spells it
Wallamut. lie got Lis orthography from
Gapt. Bonniville, and the latter constructed
it irom the Indian pronunciation. Jrater
in the dav. literarv people, who know
nothing of Oregon, thought they had dis
covered in the name a corruption ol a
French word or proper name, brought
hor and applied to the stream bv the
early French vouageurs. So, without more
ado, they commenced to act upon thi
theory and wrote the name Willamette
with the accent on the last syllable, and
sometimes making the final te a separate
syllable, or Willamette with the accent on
the second syllable, lhis tancy orlnogra
rhy, r.s U often Ihe case, found ils way to
the departments at Washington, and thus
got itscirdessemenated on maps and charts
nd in books. As a case in point, take
the U. S. Survey of the Oregon coast, and
Ihere is scarcely a bay. harbor, or river
or headland with an Indian name,tha
any old resident of tbe country would re
cognize cither by the souud or orthogra
phy.
In a conversation with Dr. JfcLangblin,
in 1830. the writer took occasion to ask
him the origin of the name and its true
pronunciation and orthography. lie told
rue that it was an Indian word and always
pronounced bv the Indians. Wadam-it
o
o
o
o
o
the accent on the first syllable, and the o
pounded as in father. Among the settlers
ttnd Indians, when I first came to Oregon
(1813) the word was so universally pro
nounced. Time, immigrants and vicious
orthography, have somewhat modified the
pronunciation, so that the accent is thrown
more forward on the second syllable, and
the broad sound of the a is not so promi
nent in the first.
The University at Salem is called ' Wal
laraet University." The name was given
to it bv the earlv missionaries, and their
orthography siitt preserved on a catalo
gue of 180 4, now before me is Waliamet.
But the authority of Dr. McLaughlin, chief
factor of the Hudson Bay Company, and
a resident of this country, from I think the
jcarlS2 4, to the time of his death in
1S58, 13 quite sufficient. The word a.s cor
rectly pronounced maybe spelled Waliam
et. If spelled with an u instead of e in
the final syllable, as in Irving's Astoria, it
might come nearer the Indian sound ; but
between uand e where the syllable is not
accented, there is not much difference.
So 1 hope that I may be allowed to see
the word printed in tha Bulletin as I spell
it, and as everybody to this manor born
pronounces it Wailamet.1-
In addition to the above, we may add
that in. the bound volumes of the statutes
published by authority in 1851 and 1834,
the word is uniformily spelled 11 'allamet.
In' the edition of 1853, published in New
York to supply the place of the 500 copies
of thatcrf 1834, lost on the Southerner, the
fancy " orthography of Willamette first
crept In, but why or wherefore we are not '
advised.
The word is, undoubtedly, an Indian
one, and most probably a Clickitat be
longing to the eame family, as Walla
Walla, Wallula, Wascopan, Waconda and
Wapatoo. all having the broad sound of a
in the first syllabic;.
A Toronto dispatch says that terrific
fires have again broken out in the woods
of Canada. On the Northern Railway on
Saturday night, the station at Sumidale
caught lire, and in a short time the entire
xillase. embracing twenty-five, or thirty
houses, was in ashes. The inhabitants
were taken to Lowell and well cared for,
The railway track was destroyed for sev
eral miles. The woods are still burning
Other villages are iu imminent danger.
O
The San Francisco Bulletin is weeping
that it is a pity the old steamship Oregon
did not prove a cofjhi for a hundred souls
on the bosom of the Facilic. It says: " 1 he
hin is still sound in her timber?, and it
seems a pity to degrade such a staunch old
craft." We never heard of a ship that ha8
worn out in the service of the Pacific
fMmshin monopoly, if we take the Bul
letin for the story.
o
Allen, ths "wickedest man in New
York," who has been preparing for reform,
.made up his mind on Saturday to close
his Water street daace house. He has re
cently attended the Howard street Mission
Church and is now devoutly engaged m
graver. Last week he held a prayer
meeting in his old Water street den.
There are 0.000 Je-svj and six syna
rro-mes in' Chicago. They pay annually
S60 000 for religious purposes, and have
O just finished a hespiial building, at an ex
pense of $33,000, which sum they raised
in two days. They chum six converts to
the Jewish faith irom iLri5uamr.
The Bank of California makes it a rule
rCute "all forgers, whether tbo
,,nt iie o-reat or small, as a matter of
!a;dctT Bdf defers
y;fv
THAT PRIVATjE AKRAXGEMEXT.
Last week we thought we should be
able, by this time, to show another step in
Gaston's private arrangement to control
the West Side franchises, hold $2,500,000
of its stock, and secure one-sixth of all
moneys, dividends, etc., to himself. The
next step of this millionaire was, that he
subscribed for $2,500,000 of the stock of
the Oregon Central Railroad Company.
In other words he takes unto himself just
ono-half of the whole stock of the company.
Whether or not this subscription was made
by Gaston In pursuance of the 6th article
of the agreement published last week, we
leave to an enlightened public to deter
mine. Suffice it to say, the effect of the
operation is the same ; it places the whole
motive power of the corporation, repre
senting a capital of five million dollars,
under the exclusive control and manage
ment of J. Gaston and that, too, without
Gaston ever pavinsr one sotiUirv cent:
and the history of the West Side company,
so far, has shown that Gaston has not been
modest, or at all backward in exercising
the power thus placed in his own hands.
He elects himself and his few friends di
rectors, and he elects himself President.
He fixes his own salary, and that of his
friends. He hold3 the one-half of the
whole stock of the concern free
from any assessment whatever. He
vends out to an unsuspecting people.
whose anxiety for a road has destroyed
their incredulity, and blinded their eyes
to the most glowing impossibility, the
other half of the stock. For it he receives
their money part of which is applied in
a worse than foolish manner on the pro-
posed road, while the balance goes to pay
the hotel and livery bills of such men as
Gaston, whose time is principally taken
up in manufacturing for publication and
dissemination over the country gross mvi
represerdations calculated to mislead the
people, and all for the exclusive purpose
of inducing th-jm to buy stock in a corpor
ation, the one half of which lies dormant
and unassessable in his pocket, and is
never seen, known, or heard of, save on
election days,when the otherwise every-day
diminutive Gaston suddenly expands, with
all the rapidity of a pompous toad, into a
two and a half millionaire and he can
out vote all the farmers in Multnomah,
Washington, and Yamhill counties.
It is very far from agreeable to us to
dial in comments like these, though they
present any man much less a man claim
ing to be entitled to the respect and conn
dence of the people, in the light that do
the statements here made present Mr.
Gaston. But, while this is so, we can not
and will not stand quietly by and permit
so gross and unvarnished attempt to squan
der the people's money, and gobble up
valuable franchises and appropriate them
to private uses, without lifting at least a
warning voice. If the people, after know
iug the facts, are willing to have their
money and franchises frittered away in
this manner, then ice have nothing further
to say. Until they know the facts in the
case, however, we shall continue to " cry
aloud and spare not.'' We shall call at
tention soon to a few matters connected
with the Portland city aid, in which this
same millionaire figured in no very favor
able light.
The people on the west side need a road;
they can have one ; and tcill. in due time
have one ; but if they would succeed, they
must get rid, and that, too, at once, of all
such men as Gaston.
OUEGO.V.
Wm. Rector, formerly Superintendent
of Indian Affairs in Oregon, has just re
turned from a tour to England after ma
chinery for his California cotton frorks at
Oakland. '
The U7iionisl says that a man at Salem
has a machine which he is trying to fly
with. Lots of money was expended in
such an effort at San Francisco, and if the
machine did not "go up," the company
who built her did. Neither their shares of
stock nor the avltor would stand aa in
flation. -
E. M. Barnum, formerly of Salem,
Oregon, is in New York. He has invent
ed a plan for an Elevated Railway, Parcel
Express and Pneumatic Dispatch. The
design Is intended to erect elevated iron
railways over the principal streets of New
York and other cities, and to send dis
patches in an air-tight tube. by exhausting
the air from one end of the tube to the
other, in a few seconds.
A friend in the East writes that most
people who have adjusted themselves to
the climate of the Pacific coast, will never
again be reconciled to the tyranny of polar
ice and beleaguering snowstorms. And
therefore tbe small number of people who
leave here for the Atlantic States a little
dissatisfied, are sure to be more so before
they get back again. Enough has been
said already about the advantages of this
country for acquiring wealth; but the best
thing to be said is that the climate
the treats the poor kindly, and if one must
be poor, we take it he can find no country
under the sun more favorable to that con
dition.
"Herring," the inventor of the safe, is
not a fish, nor in any way related to our
fellow-townsman, Walter Fish, Esq., that
we know of, although it is pretty safe to
bet ihat the latter is as good a citizen a3
the original Herring. The manufacturer
of the " Lillie'' patent safes was probably
not brought up in a swamp, even if it did
" swamp" a team or two to get the heavy
vault in the Secretary's office at Salem, on
the second floor of the rented State House.
Speaking of "vault" reminds us of that
" vaulting ambition" which Shakespeare
refers to; and we believe the ensuing legis
lature will "o'erleap itself" if it undertakes
to hatch up a fuss with the S tate Depart
ment.
A lamentable occurrence took place
in Sacramento on Sunday last, between 8 I
and 0 o'clock at the head of Twelfth street, '
just north of the line of the Central Pacific
Railroad. Some men engaged in remov
ing ton irom tne old oeu or tne American
river, saw a man who was bleeding from
the throat. It was discovered that it was
Thomas Ross, a well known and highly re
spectable citizen, whose place of business
wa3 at the northeast corner of J and Eighth
streets. Mr. Ross had cut his throat with
a razor, the cause being financial difficul
ties, as we are informed. He was attend
ed by Drs. Simmons and Oatman, and lin
gered till nearly noon, when he expired.
Deceased was a prominent and highly es
teemed citizen. He was high in the Order
of F. and A. M., and a member of the
Order of Odd Fellows. His life was in
sured for S25.000 in the Northwestern
Mutual Life Insurance Company.
An item in the Herald of the 1st, rela
tive to the West Side road, begins thus :
" We took a ride yesterday with Presi
dent Gaston over the line of the above
named railroad, and were astonished at
seeing how much worK has been done," etc.
Tbe paragraph concludes thus :
"Our opinion is that charges of hum
bugging made against either the West or
the East Side roads cannot have any foun
dation in fact. Both companies are at
work in good faith.and we believe that both
will succeed, because both are needed.
We make no assertions unless upon inves
tigation, and fully considering the respon
sibility, we unhesitatingly say to our read
ers that a road on each side of the river
is necessary, and they can do no greater
service to Oregon than by patronizing
them under their present management. It
is not likely we could be deceied."
Now what surprises U3 is that the mil
lionaire could ride with a local reporter
who would afterwards say, in substance,
that the talk ot the West Side company
against the East Side blaclctnailers, swind
lers, etc., were without any foundation
in fact. Gaston must have either lost his
" influence" over the press, or else he is
coming down a peg.
Messrs. F. A. Chenoweth, Greenbury
Smith, J. II. Douthit, and other gentlemen
connected with the Oregon Central Rail
road Cmipany, of Salem, have each paid
our sanctum a visit since last ' publication
day." These gentlemen, none of them; to
our eye, resemble blackmailers, as it has
been charged they are by Gaston arid
others. On the other hand, they all re
semble gentlemen of ability and means;
men whose interests would not lead them
to pander to fictiticous schemes for the de
ception of honest farmers. They are men
whose very appearance shows that some
thing decisive is being done. These friends
will accept our thanks for the pleasant
calls which they have given us, and their
words in appreciation of our efforts to de
fend them against the attacks made so
often upon them. We shall reciprocate as
soon as Railroad communication is estab
lished between here' and Salem, Albany,
Corvaius, etc.
LABOR.
The Commercial has very much to say
upon the labor question, and against the
employment of Chinese upon tbe railroad.
We feel that the laboring masses in Oregon
know by this time that we are far from be
ing unfriendly to their interests, so let us
drop the subject with a few quotations.
The Bee says :
Notwithstanding the Bteady fnSux of
labor into California, the demand for it is
still urgent, and the orders at the San Fran
cisco Labor Exchange are several hundred
ahead of the supply. Indeed, it is safe to
say that full 10,000 more mechanics and
laborers could find remunerative employ
ment in this State to-day and that many
more could have been so employed all
summer; And this demand for workmen
is one of the best evidences that can be
offered of public prosperity.
The Sacramento Record says :
Labor is so scarce in California, not
withstanding the large weekly arrivals
from abroad, that the demand is Btill far
ahead of the supply. The railroads them
selves would require twice the number of
hands that oiler, and as they are not to be
had. the laborers have been taken tempo
rarily from the Western Pacific and thrown
over the mountains, to push the Central
Pacific on with all speed. It may be that
after harvest, or so soon as men can be
procured, the work on the Western will be
resumed, and with Fufiicient help the grad
ing thereof, which is now nearly completed
to Stockton, will not be a long job. In
June there were at the San Francisco La
bor Exchange 1,670 orders for hands, and
1.23S of these were filled, leaving 403, for
which men could not be had.
The San Francisco Bulletin says, speak
ing of the week ending July 2ath :
The engagements during the week were
three hundred and eighty men. of which
two hundred and fifty were farm hands
for the country, and about fifty were gen
eral laborers, chiefly from the city. The
balance were mechanics and artizans. also
mostly from the city. The great increase
in buildings and other improvements fur
nishes employment for all the available
carpenters, painters and bricklayers, leav
ing many orders from the country unfilled.
Nearly two hundred females were also
employed through the Exchange during
the week. The unfilled orders for male
and female labor amount to nearly three
hundred. The men are not to be had, and
most of the women decline to leave the
city. The number of applications for
Government lands open U pre-emption
are very numerous. Many of the immi
grants arriving are farmers from the West
ern State3. who have come expressly to
settle on these lands.
The Aila California says :
The business done at the Exchange
keeps those who conduct it busy. All the
Avork and correspondence oi the office is
done, and the registers and sccounts kept,
by the Secretary and one assistant. Last
week we published a letter from New
York, showing the rates o:' wages paid
there. We now give an abs.ract from the
books of our own Exchange, showing the
rates of wages offered :
Occupation. Wages offered.
Bakers ?40a50 per month fc board.
Blacksmiths $2a4 p d, 40a75 praib
Bootmakers Piecework.
Boys $10aa0per month.
Bricklayers $ per d3y, 13 hours.
Cabinet makers. .Fiecework,52 "0a4 per day
Ciirpenter5,house.$3a4 P0 per day.
Carpenters, ship. .?3a-t per day.
Canvassers 10al5 per ct. commission.
Carriage painters. $3a4 per day.
Clerks ?40al00 per month.
Coopers $2 75a3 per day.
Cuo!-'s ?SCaC0 per month & board
Plasterers 5 per day.
Plumbers $2 75a3 per day.
Porters ?20a50 per month Jc. board
Fiinters ?40a30 per month.
Sawyers $C0a75 per mo. A board.
Salesmen $100 per month k board.
Smelters $7 per day.
Tanners..... According to ability.
Teamsters $30a40 per mo. & board.
Watchmen $40 per month Aboard.
Wheelwrights $C0a7" per mo. & board.
Wagonmakers $4 p d,a$o0a00 pmib
Wood choppers. . .51 &0a2 52 p c,$50 p m & b
$100 per mo. and board
.$-4."aS0 p mo. and board.
.$1 75a2 per d; $25a43per
month and board.
Generally useful. . .$30al00 p mo Aboard;
Harness-makers . . .$2 50 per day and board,
Hod-carriers $2 50 per day;
Housekeepers $30 per month & board
Laborers $2a2 50 p d) $30a50 p m
Lathers $3a3 50 per day
Lumbermen 40a75 per mo. & board
Machinists $ p d; $o p m & b.
Machue-sowcr $2 per day.
Man-servants $40 per mo. & board.
Mpn anH wives . 30aS0 per mo. & board
Men for ag. mach'y.$3 50a4 pd and board
Amalgamator. .
Engineers
Farm hands
The National Hand Book of ' 'Facts
and Figures," is a very valuable book of
over 400 rages, devoted to historical, sta
tistical, documentary and political facts,
dating from the formation of the govern
ment to the present time, with a full chro
nology of the rebellion. Bancroft & Co.,
ot San Francisco, are agent3 for this
coast, and they desire us to say that local
agents are wanted everywhere, to canvas
for the book. It is of that character of
books which is desirable by patriots of all
ciasses is wholly devoted to our country,
and begins with the Declaration of Inde
pendence.
The Port Madison tug-boat Resolute,
Capt. Guindon, was blown up in Squakson
Passage, while towing two rafts of logs to
the Madison Mills, Pnget Sound, on the j
evening of August 19th. The Captain
(Mr. Guindon) had a most miraculous es
cape. He was blown into the air along
with the pilot house. Tbe house fell into
the water with the doorway underneath,
shutting him in." He escaped by diving
under the pilot house, swimming to. and
climbing upon one of the rafts. A piece
of the boiler strnck him, while falling, and
broke his left leg just below the knee.
His wounds are not fatal. The steamer
sunk immediately in about one hundred
fathoms of water. Six persons were lost.
The Ohio State Board of Agriculture
has passed a resolution recommending
that the Governor appoint three commis
sioners with power to adopt measures to
prevent the introduction of Texas cattle.
The Governor has accordingly made ap
pointments with authority to' posecute" all
who violate the law passed at the last ses
sion of Legislature to prevent the spread
of contagious diseases among cattle.
The California Pacific R. R. Co. will
put passengers and freight over the route
between Sacramento and San Francisco in
3 J hours, by November 1st, 1868. , Two
hours from Sacramento to Vallejo, on such
a road, is an abnndacce of time, and a
smart boat will plow through the waters
of the Bay to San Francisco in aa hour
and a half.
The Boise Statesman feels ' put out'
about the Idaho telegraph line. Says the
company will not meet the expectation of
the people, nor hnml its own promises.
Smoke. The smoke from burning forests
in Washington Territory has been thick
eniug for two or three days, and On Tues
day, says the Herald, the gloom was so
great from it that river steamers could not
be navigated but with the greatest caution.
The Hunt from the Cascades, and the low
er Columbia packets, report heavy fires in
the Cascade range, in the upper Cowlitz
and along the Olympia stage road, says
the Herald. The barn of Isaac Carson, in
Prince county, W. T., was destroyed by
flames communicated from the woods. It
was filled with oats and hay, and the loss
is $3,000. About Portland the smoke was
so thick that one could hardly make out
objects on the east side of the river
from the city wharves, and the sun
looked like a ball of fire all day long
To produce such an effect immense forests
are evidently being consumed. The effects
of former burns are to be seen in every
part of the country. The conflagration
seems to advance with the wind, and cut3
a swath of varying width through giant
congregations of trees, for which the north
ern coast is noted. In after years the lines
within which the destroying element held
sway are marked by towering trunks of
leafless, branchless firs, that formerly, in
their pride of evergreen foliage, shaded
mountain and valley, and responded to
the fanning winds by a grand murmur
that would make an accompaniment to a
song of the Colossus. It awakens sad
thoughts to see the growth of ages brought
to nothing in a day by the demon fire, and
to reflect that all the beauty, all the gran
deur of the mighty wilderness of trees can
be marred or destroyed through the instru
mentality of a flint ia the hands of the
meanest Indian, makes us realize how un
substantial are all the bights of glory.
What yesterday were the noblest creations,
to-day, when the fire has passed, are only
charred spines, their beauty gone with the
smoke, and the wind that caressed the
green leaves now comes with traitorous
mockery to assist the destroying enemy.
What nature' has consumed centuries in
producing, she now annihilates in an hour
by the aid of her servant, fire, and the sun
that casts its parting rays on the emblems
of life, rises with another day to shine
upon nothing but death. Such will be the
fate of the great world itself, which
. Shall one day vanish,
And like the baseless fabric of a Yision,
Ltve not wrk behicd."
Millwrights. ...
Mowers ,
Nurses. . .
Ox-teamsters. . .
Painters, house.
Packers .
Paperhangers. .
$45a75 per mo. & board
. ..$2 p d; $40 p m & b
. . . $25a35 per roo. & board
. . . $40 per month & board
. ..2a4 per day.
. . .$30 per month.
. . .$2 50a3 per day.
Pattern-maker3 $4a3 per day.
The total number of orders was 1835.
Of these, five were for Arizona, thirty-two
for Nevada, one for Pnget Sound, and 873
for different parts of the interior of the
State of California, while all the rest were
for San Francisco. These facts and figures
cannot be contradicted, cannot lie, and
are in themselves conclusive evidence of
the want of people to carry on our indus
trial pursuits, and develop our resources.
Railroads and Direct Trade
We can say but little more than
what we have already expressed in
favor of Oregori merchants purchase
in"- their goods in eastern ports and
shipping direct to Portland. Ihe
" Pioneer Shipping Line " of Messrs.
Brockway & Baker is now fully and
fairly under way, aod is found to be
a decided success. The Messrs.
Brockway & Baker, who are putting
on the vessels, are gentlemen, andtbey
are in earnest ; besides this, they have
abundant means to carry out their
plans. Mr. A. S. Mercer, who
worked to get the first vessel oh the
berth, is now in Oregon, and has
paid the various parts of the State,
as well as the Territories, visits with
a view of seeing what encouragement
the enterprise is 'likely to receive at
the hands of our citizens.
We hope this line will be sustaibed
We have always contended that it
was for the good of Oregon to ship
direct. The future of the Pacific
Coast is more promising to men of
enterprise than any other poition of
the American Continent, and all
things which tend to a developement
of its varied and inexaustible re"
sources should meet with a hearty
welcome from every source. It is
utterly useless to attempt to calculate
the benefits which California has de
rived ; the wealth her citizens have
accumulated, at tbe expense of Ore
eron and Oreconians. From the ear-
o c
liest days of the history of this Coast,
that part of it has "fattened" off
this. The first shipping of conse
quence was made there, and has built
up a port without precedent. The
first venturers, the first immigrants,
the first of everything have invaria
bly stepped into life in California first.
And first sight having very much to
do with the material things of this
world, California has become what
she is from it a State vastly our in
ferior, people vastly poorer as an av
erage, they have acquired a name and
a reputation abroad wholly through
the influeuce of direct trade. In spite
of nil this, however, Oregon has
struggled onward and upward in her
course until this very hour witnesses
a success beyond all account. The
advocates of Oregon have been few
numbers and weak in strength ;
but with a presistence worthy of the
cause have maintained their grounds,
and now, with the proudest satisfac
tion imaginable, realize that not a
solitary production of tbe State is
shiprfcd that does meet with its proper
credit and obtain the highest range
of prices current. This much has
been done against- the hosts who
have always opposed Oregon inter
ests by opposing enterprise. "We
know leading merchants of Portland
who have been the bitterest enemies
of direct trade, yet purchasing for
themselves in New York, who are
now advocates of this principle for
nil Their action in the past was
based upon selfish grounds; they had
a monoply of the business they
knew that they could buy in New
York, and other supply ports on the
Atlantic sea board, and by reshipv
ping at San Francisco lay their goods
down in Oregon at such figures as to
defy competition irom those vho
bought of San Francisco. This has
been done just as long as it can be,
they know it ; hence, seeing that di
rect trade is certain they now sup
port it. We give such no praise for
their sagacity, except for self.
ortKGOx papek;
Faper of a quality suitable for all pur
poses of printing, stationers, etc., can now
be obtained by Oregonians of an Oregon
firm. The machinery at the mill of kessrs
H. L. Pittock & Co., on the Clackamas
river near this city, was finally 'dedicated
to business on Thursday last. A friend
has given us an interesting letter upon the
subject, which will be found on the first
page to-day. We were present at the dedi
cation, and witnessed the operation of the
works with great pleasure. The Oregonian
thus describes the process
The new paper mill of I!. L. Pittock
& Co., having gone into regular operation,
we paid them a Visit, Thursday, in company
with several others of Portland and quite a
large number of ladies and gentlemen o"
Oregon City. The location Ot the mills is
about thre hundred yards from the Clacka
mas bridge, ou the Oregon City and Portland
road, and about one mile and a half from
Oregon City on the south bankot the Clack
amu's river. The company have, here,
twelve acres of ground, a large warehouse
for the storing of paper material rags,
straw, etc; the mills proper consisting of a
large frame building, with a long wng,
sheds, workshops, etc. At , present the
warehouse contains only several bins of cot
ton and linnen material. The mills contain
already a large amount of machinery aud
appliances for paper making, while a num
ber of workmen are employed iu construct
ing and setting up other pieces. The rooms
are ainnlv larirc. and the construction of the
buildings throughout is of the strongest and
firmest character, the machinery at. in mo
tion fccarcelv exciting a tremor of the staunch
timbers. The machinery is entirely new
and of ihe latest and most approved pat
terns. It is driven in separate divisions by
four water wheels, for the turning of which
there is abundance of water at ihe lowest
stage in summer. We may not be able 'o
describe the procecs of making paper so ii
to be distinctly understood, without the
means of illustration ; but we will attempt
briefly to state the several processes through
which the rags pass from the warehouse to
the room in which tbe finished paper is baled
tormatket. The rags are taken first into
the sorting room and piled in great heaps on
on one snide of a sorting box. Prom these
piles a certain class of rags according as
they are wanted for news, book or cap paper
ii selected and thrown into the sorting
box. They are there examined piece by
piece by "the porters usually womeu and
children and all buttons, pins, dirt and
other hard substances carefully separated
Irom them. If any material not wauted at
all, or below the grade wanted, is fouud, it
is thrown out. The properly sorted rags
are then taken out and run through a cutting
machine which cuts them into irregular
shreds about an inch in breadth. From this
cutting machine they pass upon an elevating
bund into a revolving screen, much like a
flour bolter, which silts ail the dirt loosened
bv the cuttintr machine. From the opposite
end of the screen they fall upon an elevator
which carries them into a large bin in the
bleaching room. Here they are placed in
large vats and subjected to boiling iu limed
water for about twelve hours. "There are
three of these vats. The boiling is accomp
lished bv iniectintr steam at the bottom of
the vats. The object of the boiling is to
loosen the dust and colors. When taken
from the vats they pass into another room
where they are put into the rag engines lor
the imrnose of bein;r washed, bleached and
cronnd into Duln. The engine vats are of
lonsr oval shaue. and will hold each as much
as half a dozen hogshead. On one side of
the vat is placed a revolving shaft, thickly
set with knives which masii wun a tiawou
ary set of knives, between which the rags
pass, and repass, hundreds of times going
round ana rouuu hkc cioiues icw.-"o -tub.
They float in water which is supplied
by a pipe, runuing constantly, and exhaust
ed by a curious set of water wheel buckets
enclosed in tine wire cloth to prevent waste
of pulp or fibre. The water in tnese vais is
saturated with cuiorioe ui
chemicals for the purpose oi warning oui me
dirt and colors. In about fifteen hours of
constant grinding the rags beccme bleached,
perfectly white; and reduced to pulp. As
soon as this process is completed, ihe pulp
is drawn off through the pipes into large
stuff-chests or vats situated inrecxiy unuci
the paper-making machinery. Here it is
kept most of the time in motion Dy an tip-
rigtit bhatt suppuea wun uuniuuiw
for tbe purnose of preserving a uniform con
sistency of' the pulp. When wanted it is
forced up bv a pump into a box in which is
a contrivance for regulating the supply
which may be wanted for making thick or
thin paper; thence it passes into a settling
box where it passes over riffles similar to
those of a sluice box for saving gold, for the
purpose of settling any sand which mav have
remained in it till now; thence it falls into
the screen box, the bottom of which is a
metallic sheet cut full of long narrow mesh
es; this violently imitated all the time by
means of cams or aevolving shaft striking
no-:iint rn.r nttnehed to the screen box:
from this box, the pulp which now looks-
more like milky water than anything ce,
passes through two largepipcs into another
vat in which revolves, half immersed in the
pulp a cylinder whose rim is a tine wire cloth.
This is the first cylinder of the paper-mak
ing niaclitue. It is nan lmmerseu m
pulp. When the machine is standing still
the water o(, the vat would be tbe same
bight outside and inside the cylinder; but
when it is tu motion, the water lfaside the
cylinder is partially exhausted by a .pump
sb that the water iuside is lower than that in
the vat outside the cylinder. The water of
t.h miln :isa4 ireelV throusrb the Wire cloth
Of the cylinder in seeking its level, while the
fibre cannot nass through, is thus detained
like a slight sediment ou the face of the Cyl
inder and is carried up till it conies iu con
tact with a woolen endless blanket passing
over the Cylinder,
The blanket takes th fcbre from the Wire
cloth aud carries it, still like a thin sediment,
iilons its travels toward paper, tut the blan-
Lpi luisscs between two heavy iron rollers
But the matter Of importation's is a with polished surfaces, which squeeze out
the water and press tue uuies loemei bo
that they adhere: 'I hey now quit their noiu
ot tLe blanket and aunere to one oi me wou
press rollers iu the form of paper, wet and
not as yet very strong, x ue leuacuv ui nie
fibres is, however, sufiicieut to enable this
lone drawu out cotton sheet to sustain ns
own weisrht in reeling oil" the roller on to an
other a little farther on, and on to the second
ftew Advertisements.
T. G. RANDALL. JOHX SUNDEttLAXD.
RANDALL t SUNDERLAND,
05 First street, Portland Oregon.
Manufacturers and dealers in rJdot3 and
shoes of the latest styles and best material.
San Francisco and Philadelphia
goods always on hand. Agents for Howe's
larmly Sewing Machines, ahd John G. Fcl
som s hand sewing machines. Needles and
thread for sale. (84.1 J
WESTtlitN HbTE t,
PoKTLAxn. OUEOOV.
Corner oT First and Morrison streets
The best and most comfortable hotel in the
btate, where every Want is anticipated,
and cheerfully supplied. Warm and
cold liaths attached to the house.
This Hotel is located hear the steamship
i T l.o lii y u ....-ii i.
j.ii(iuii!. au. AxLCi vuatu vyin ue in at
tendance at all the Landings, to convey
passenger9 and baggage to and from the
Louse free Of charpe.
JOXH C. DORCY,
SAMUEL D. HOLMES;
ii.tf Proprietors.
AUCTION AND COMMISSION
A. 15i Hicltardson,
AUCTIONEER!
Corner of Froni and Oak streets, Tertland.
AUCTION SALES
Of Real Estate, Groceries, General Herein
dise and Horses,
Every Wednesday ahd Saturday '
A. B. Richardson, Auctioneer;
AT PRIVATE SALE.
J English refined Bar and Bundle Iron
I English Square and Octagon Cast utee'f '
Horse shoes, i lies, Rasps, saws
Screws, Fry-pans, sheet iron, R.'g. Iron ;
JACKS0X, SAXDERSOX &Co.
Successors to Ilayward, Coleman '& Cb.
IMPORTE IRS
And Wholesale and retail dealers in
CROCK FRY, GLASS, CHINA
-AND-
3?la,tecL Ware!
Wood and Willow-Ware, and House
Furnishing Goods !
Also : Just Received,
rjv Ex Clipper ship
Sfil "FAVORITA,'1
DIRECT FROM NEW YORK.
FULL LINE OF
PAINTS, OILS, VARNISHES,
c , dr., tt-c.
ZSf Trade supplied on liberal terms
San Francisco prices and freight.
jackson, Sanderson & Co.
O. S. N. Co.'s Building, o Front st..
45.4m l'ortland, Oregon.
IN THE U. S. LAND OFFICE at Oregon
City .Oregon : Notice To A. J. Culbert-
son and John A. Leach: 1 ou and each of
you are hereby notified that William Tyler
has applied at this otiice to enter S E qr. of
N W qr. the W hf. of S W qr. and the N E
qr. ot h V qr. of Sec. SO, T. 1 S. It. 4 E.,
alleging that you have abandoned the same;
and you are further notified that you will be
allowed thirty days from service hereof in
which to appear and establish your re.-pective
claims to said land, and that failing to do so
the entry of saut Tvler will be allowed
OWEN WADE, Register.
HEX R Y WARREN, Receiver.
Sept. 2d, 1S6S. MAW
O
also :
A large assortment of Groceries and Liquoh''
A. B. Richardson-.
7 -vviviisci,
MISCELLANEOUS.
XT
Ask your neighbor to subscribe for
the Enterprise, beginning with Vol
ume o.
o
L. HltDBCHGH,
fcian FrancUco.
D. H. niLDBtJP.GH. ?
LOUIS EINSTJilX. )
l'ortlaud.
Hildburg, Bros. & Co.
IMPORTERS AXD WHOLE3.XLE DEALERS IX
All Kinds of Cognacs,
Scotch and Irish Whiskies.
Hum, Gin, Domestic Liquors, Wines O
Sj-C, ct-c, &c.
No. 26 Front st., O. S. N. Co.'s new brick
block, Foi tland Oregon. (29
i
Mew Steamer
ox
Each OOJEVIV!
IVorth American S. S. Co.,
UNFLlMCHiNQOPPOSlTIONi
Lower Rates than Ever !
To New York, via Panama I
Passengers Berthed Through
WILL BE DISPATCHED THE PER.
fectly new and fast steamship
I
gPECIAL NOTICE.
CLOSING OUT ?
Jacob Underbill & Co.
PORTLAND, OREGON.
Oilei lbi Sale tSieir
OF
SHELF AND EUILDINGr
HARDWARE!
Blacksmiths1 and Carpenter's Tools $
Iron, Steel, dc.
At greatly Reduced Hatesf
This Stock is Full
Well Selected
And will be sold LOW for Cash 1
J37 Or approved short time notes.
NEBRASKA,
S,000 tons, R. II. Horner Commander,
Saturday September 5th, i868i
CONNECTING VIA PANAMA R. R.
At Aspinwall with the Splendid new
Steamship "DAKOTAH!"
3,000 Tons For New York.
Tickets to return good for six monlht
At Extremely Low Rates I
Passage tickets to and from Liverooof
r . ii
veeustow a, namourg, Kotterdam, Antwerp
Copenhagen, Christiana and Gottenberg, by
the Liverpool and Great Western Steamship
mere trifle to be taken into the ac
count of this direct trade business,
as we hope to show in a future ar
ticle upon this subject.
45.4)
JACOB UNDERHILL &. Co.;
51 Front st., Portland.
TN THE U. S. LAND OFFICE at Oregon
Citv. Oreenn: Notice. To William W.
Itoffler You are hereby notified that Ltaniel
H. Welch has applied at this otlico to eater
S W or of 8 E ar. the E hf of S W qr, and
Lot l.'of Section 13 in T 1. 8 R, 3 E, offering
proof to shrifr that vou have abandoned
said land, and ybu are further notified that
rou will be allowed thirty days from service
hereof to appear and establish your claims
to said land, and failing to do so the entry
ot said elch will be allowed.
Sept. 2d, OWEX WADE, Register
46.4t.) HENRY WARREN, Receiver-
Company's staunch and elegant Iron sf-sam-ships,
at unusually low rates.
Passage from Bremen, Southampton nd
Havre, by first class steamers of the North
German Lloyds, at reduced rates.
One hundred lbs. Baggage free.
An experienced Surgeon on board.
Medicines and Attendance free.
The Nevada sails SepLlQih.
Selling at Cost
For further information apply to,
I. S'. RAYMOND, Agent
N W cor. Tine and Buttery sts., up-st.
.tdl an irancisco
Gang Plows!
As the age in ichich we live demands
progress in Farming Implements as
well as in all other branches of indus
try, we haie determined to enter exten
sively upon the manufacture of the
celebrated
Ffeil ii Flow!
Belter known in Oregon as the W0L'
GA MO T PL O W. This Plow com.
bines all the desirable points of a per'
feet implement, being simple in con
struction, cheap, durable, and of
draft. The only Premiums which vert
awarded w Gang Plows at the great
Implement trial at Matloon, Sept. 4,
1836. by the Slate Agricultural ioei
etu of Illinois, were awarded to this
Plow. The following is an exlraet
from the Report of the Commissioner
of Agriculture, for the year 1856, ad
may be found on page 24 G of that re
port :
Mail Hoi:jjers Cai-giit. Sheriff Thomp
son of Umatilla, and Sheriff Graig of
Union, came down on the Dalles packet
Tuesday evening, says the Heredd, with five
of the men who robbed the U. S. mail and
Wells. Fargo & Co.'s treasure box, on the
Blue Mountains, some time ago. The pris
oners were chained in pairs', and were
rather a rough looking set of men. They
were arrested by the direction of Postal
Agent Q. A. Brooks, in Grand Ronde Val
ley, by the officers who brought them
down. This makes seven of the scoundrels
who have been captured ; two others, who
were arrested in Walla Walla Valley by
Sheriff Seitel, at the instance of Wells,
Fargo it Co., having been brought down
last Saturday. All of them are safely
locked up in the Multnomah county jail,
and have a very slim chance to escape
There are others of the same crowd at
large yet, but officers are on their trail,
and it is thought they cannot escape. We
suppressed the item of the arrival of the
first two, at the request of Mr. Brooks, and
we refrain from giving the names of the
ones captured, from fear that it may make
those still at large more diligent to conceal
themselves.
Those who read the Saa Francisco1
dispatches, must have noticed the fre
quency with which libel suits for heavy
damages are commenced. About one
half of the people there, we judge, live by
damages to their characters, and the other
half of them must live by stealing to be
able to pay. There is much character in
San Francisco, but the less said about its
quality, less danger of a libel suit
533- Ask your aeighbor to tnbscribe
ist xxtt LrrxamsE.
Occupation of Children. The
i,l:. r l,;i1ron ihr npnn,. or dryinii felt. Thence tlie sheet passes on
..t u, v... i"-. the drying felt around several steam-tight
tion is a necessity with most Of them, and steam-heated cylinders, by which it is
, . , thoroughly dried aud made tough. From
Alley love tO be busy, evetl about these it passes straight on and jcoes c'ventu-
A cfill rr-r. t r, V.o trinf.tlli. ally between asetot Heavy iron rollers which
o J press it and equalize and smooth its surface
emnloved. Children should be en- Thence it passes on through a machine
. . , , ., ,. , wlucli trims tue euaes ana curs it into ae-
couraged, or it maoientiy aisincimea sired lengths, from which it falls upon a
to it, should be disciplined in perform- ?ablein newspaper sheets. From the screm
r linv )n hu n pi Ihp nnnw iin4 iinsspri alone
in" for themselves every little office! a continuous succession of rollers, cylind is
t- 1...,., .. . i .
, . . , . ., I i .1 ana reels not less man sixtv or seveniv reel
relative 10 ineir own toilet wnicu uiey in an air lmF? and morfc than double that
,,oMa f norfnrminir Tho counting its evolutions. The sheet of paper,
aiC v..t...v,.o v o- at first evoked as if by miracle Horn what
should also keep their own clothes appears to be only milky water, is endless,
TO CLOSE BUSINESS !
Aiil ito HUMBUG !
Tlae Enlirc Stoclt!
Consisting in part of the latest
Styles and Patterns
or-
and other possessions in neat order,
and fetch for themselves whatever
thev want : in short, they should
j y - m
learn to be as Independent of the ser
vices of others as possible, fitting
them alike to make good use of prn?
neritv, and to meet with fortitude
so loni as the machinery runs and the sup
ply ot pulp be furnished to the hrst felt
blanKet.
The company seem to have gone to work
. i .lit.
in itie ngnt manner, ana tne present muica-
tions are all lavorable to success.
DP-Y GOODS,
READY-MADE CLOTHING,
BLOTS AND SHOES,
;The Gang Plow made by J. C rfeilj
Arenzville, Cass'county Illinois, is receivw
with no little favor in the west. Almost in
credible stories are told of its excellence
and efficiency in plowing the prairie ne.us
of Illinois and other States. ,
" The depth of the furrow is regulated 1
the crank-axle, which is so arranged that
the ploughs can be driven deep or sballo ,
at the pleasure of the driver, when the test
is moving, by means of the lever. l"e 0
manufacture sulkey plows for small boys,
infirm persons, who are unable to ,na"?..
team of three or four horses. Lewis & V -gamot,
makers This gang or siilfce? P10."'
will cut a furrow from a to 10 inches deep-
"The committee who tested the araS"
i :- J cfilfc. 133"
Ol xnis plow wun n uuainuiuctci
it ran li
when
by the plowman while ou foot.
1
lighter by 140 pounds.than otberPlp'j!
running at the same depth, aad c"
Mens' Ladies, Misses' and Childrens
HATS AND CAPS.
- The President has issued an order in
pursuance of the act of Congress approved
any reverse of fortune that may bes July 27th 1SG8, establishing Sitka as the
fall thm. v Port of Entry for the Collection District
of Alnal.-a Thr imnnrlatinn sind Use of
In purchasing meat by thequar- fire ammuuitioil or distilled spirits,
ter or in less quantities, select such is prohibited, except under such regula
pieces as have tho smallest, thinnest, tions as the Secretary of the treasury may
and flattest bones, covered with fine prescribe, whin they may be shipped ia
rrrnined flesh with fat inferrm! ;n limited quantities from the west. coast of
thin streaks or layers with the lean.
the United States and ports on tfta Pacific
coast to said Port, and to said nbrt only.
oucn pieces win De ionna tenaer, on shippers giving to the Collector of Uus-
luicy and most profitable. toms at the port cf shipment, bonds con-
- " i i : i : 1 . I, . i :i i ,
uuiuiiai mm sucu unities win. ou arrival
at Sitka, be delivered to the collector, or
the person acting as such, to remain in his"
GsT With this Plow one man an
more work than two men can cow
walking Plows, and the same ttmoi
of team. Hence, it will be seeii W
Groceries, Crockery Glass &nci Plated it will more than pay for itself
season s plowing.
ware, ratnts, uiis, .Lamps,
Wicks, Chimneys and Burners!
Hardware, Cutlery, etc., etc.
Has got to be sold
Regardless of Price!
Sgft addition fa tie aloft, M
IF. Lewis will aho manufacture
Web-Foot Walking Flow!
AXD THE-
WEB-FO0T GANG nW'
mm intent -'
St
for which -patents have been
for, and which have - .
The fees of William M. Evarts
from the Government daring: the time possession until sold or disposed of to snch
Mr. Johnson has been in power
amonnt to $48,00(1, accouding to the
Washington correspondent of the
Advertiser.
persons as the military or chief authorities
in said Territory may designate.
The story of the " big-Injin" track in.
Idaho h disputed. The guide to Col. Sin
clair's expedition thinks that a very mod-
The Mount Pleasant Journal erate size(1 Indian ctfttld make a track with
savs the? rpasnn TTenrv C.v 11n I0? moccasins which a man with a little
J I bad whiskv m mm would P9r wimii
, . 11. . i . - . .. V.
aon t wasn nunseit is, because he is by an Indian seventeen feet high
afraid that if he does the Democratic
party will loe ground.
call at the Old Corner !
I. SELLING,
South of Pope & Co 's Tin store.
Main st., Oregon City.
Pioneer Book Bindery.
OREGONIAN BUIL.DING,
Ko. 5 "Washington. Street,
PORTLAND, OREGON.
Show this paper to your Neighbor,
c-uu mm iu euoscuoB.. lor li.
BLANK BOOKS RULED and BOUND to
anv desired pattern.
Music books, magazines, news
papers, Etc., bound in every variety of
6tyle known to th trade.
Orders from ths country prenrJ
ttdad tw.
Ttnth nnftrrnx fit hi
j .--
tood the best
receiving flattering testimony
ever seen or irieu, i
are invited to Vive ih Z Pu'ch ?
Manufactory a trial. iJ0" untll '
ase a Plow" of any and ,
you have fJiosell
less than importer anU, , m,
j. i.u nrf cle. and a yu" , 4 add:
p
2
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ir
m
oi
w
b
-fia
th
he
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mi
,
pe;
lie
x
oo
He
trac
kno
flea i
flepi
Of tl
thd
bloo
ith
hrec
Bare
pert,
toral
fortm
He w.
next
Jnd
mnrft riirauie a ''
,,l'inrr Mir iCOrfc.
LEWIS & WO
an
COURTESY OF BANCROFT LIBRARY,
UNIVERSITY ..OF CALIFORNIA,
i
t