o o 0 - ! , I X J e 8 O mm i ' ittttii l i MBBaMmeaMMMaaaaMgMM8 Illl iimnw Wll -amLmKmmKmm he iVcMn (Enterprise. ' - ' -.m " ogoii City, Oregon : i:;kland, editor and fboi'kietor. I. o " Saturday, October 19th, 1867. Q END OP VOlirMB ONE. With tho present issue Volume one of the Enterprise is completed. "We shall con tinue sending the paper to all whose names Qsrc at present upon our lists, and be thauk ful fcrny efforts on the part of our Iriends who may aid us in extending the circulation of our journal. The present circulation is nearly double what it was expected we would have at this time, and yet, wc arc of the opinion it may be ia future easily increas ed at least one half farther. With this view we make the following LIBERAL PROPOSITION. To any patron in the past who will send us one neio subscriber, and Fire Dollars, we will forward two receipts in full for one year, being a reduction of fifty ccntseper annum per copy. CLUBS May be formed at the following rates : -Ten copies one year,Cnd one to the cretter ud of the club S3 Twenty copies one year, and two ex tra copies to the getter up of the club $45 OO Mailed to sepcrute addresses if desired. The cash to accompany each order, inva riably, otherwise the regular rates of $3 will be)charged, and advance payments consid ered to be within the range of thirty or sixty days. We do not lay claim to any very great rank in the world of Journalism, prefering to let the public judge of us by our works. In the year about to close we have been as -attentive as possible to the duties devolving upon us and can only promise to be as de- voted in the future. With many thanks to the public for the good words spoken for us, and the patronage bestowed upon us, we shjdl start out as fresh and resolutely with Volume Two as though it were but the be ginning of our experience ineOregon. Any person receiving the paper who may not wish to continue taking it, must notify the Fostmaster, or send a copy, with their name, back to this office at once. All communications should be sent through the mail or express to P. C. IRELAND. Oregon City, Oct. 6th, 1S67. Q Quick Tim E. Pas engers who left San Francisco on Sept. 29th, reached New York on the 0th of October 20 days pas-age. Missionaries. We learn bv tele grams lrom New York that several Missionaries sailed on the llth for California. They are needed there now. Excited The San Frar.cisco dis pachei say the markets are consid erably excited there. No doubt the speculators who can no longer con troi the crops are excited. We un derstand that the markets are firm, with a steady step to the front. Passengers from the East. We observe the names of Mr. Geo. A. Edes, wife and child, Mrs. E. M. Barnum, and Mrs. A. D. Starr and child, among the passengers leaving New York for California on the 1st. Costly Obstin-acv. There are two men in prison in England whose fate it has beeOjto illustrate the nature of lawyers' bills on a magnificent seaie. P. Foster, a farmer, now lies in Taun--ton Jail for nonpayment of a church rate amounting to the sum of 15s. 7 2d. Hut the costs of the law proceedings by which ho was condemned amount to JC147. IGs. 9j. J. Ii. Grant is im mured in Whitecross street prison for nonpayment of 1 13s. church rate, coupled with 257 costs. Irresolution. In matters of great concern, and Svhich must be done, there is no surer argument of a weak mind than irresoution; to be unde termined where the case is so plain, ai;d the necessity so urgent. To be always intending to lead a new life, but never to find to time to set about it: this is as if a man should put off eating and drinking and sleeping, from one day and night to another', till he is starved and destroyed. CROrs in Europe. Mr. Jnmes Sanderson's annual report estimates the wheat crop in England and Scot land to be under the average; barley ten per cent, above the average ; oats fifteen p er cent, above average; beans fully average, and peas much below average. TI13 potato crop is produc ing an average yield, but the quality O from an excess oi moisture in the soil, is rather inferior. Jn the western and southwestern counties of England trie disease is very general. The turnip crop generally is singularly good. Pasture is very abundant, and a !ar ger and better yield of hay was never .secured in England. -e . Across the Continent bv Kail. The distance from Philadelphia to S.in Francisco, by way of Chicago, is three thousand tfiree hundred miles. If a train should run at the rate of twenty miles per hour, including stoppages which is,S perhaps, the average rata on railroads in this Ofinn f f- t. i i wAf TU relmre Httle saven days to accomplish ve? :nCM. Asf0f,he Sides' the travel crviU ascend from the eveI iLncuZT' .BaW"ore or San iin" I t c 'l ? b,lsht f ei-Ut bou. sand two hundred and forty-two feet -over a mile and a half Military Roads. It is generally known that the great Mullan route, from Walla Walla to Fort Benton was a most misera ble failure. Why it was so is thus des cribed by a correspondent of the Orego niw. : It is true there has been money enough, and more than sufficient) epent to make the Mullan road, but it Was badly managed and indi-crectly thrown, away, because it wa3 thought no person could build such a road except be be a military mam This is the secret of its non-success. The road was made to cross the Coeur d'Alene mountain, where it could not be used but about six months of the year. There was money enough spent, on the bridges alone, to make the entire road on the route contemplated via Pen d'Orie- 11 i lake. I said this money was virtual ly thrown away. So it was, as there are comparatively few of the bridges remain ing at this time. This is not all ; the road wa3 laid over marshes and swamps that are almost impassable excepting during a few of the summer mouths, before it reaches the mountains. There is a stretch of about thirty-two miles that is little bet ter than a quagmire. It courses through low cedar swamps, and can never be made a good and practicable road where it is now laid. Consequently, I say, let us have a new survey and a new route ; then, with a good practical man to direct the work, something may be done. I say, too, not a military man. I do not wish to disparage the work of the military ; but their forte is not in the line of road-making ; they are good enough in their places, and there I wish to keep them. I have witnessed enough of their making roads in Oregon. Take a glance, for instance, at the road from Yamhill to Astoria ($20,000 appro priation), and the Myrtle Creek road in Southern Oregon. These roads were con structed under the superintendence of the military. The money was spent and no roads made. I always questioned the util ity of the former. The latter, I believe, was intended for Gen. Joe. Lane's benefit. It had neither beginning nor end. Department Clerkship. During the opening address of Mr. Doutb.it, at the State Fair, he remarked fcas follows : " A prominent and worthy member of this So ciety has called my attention to the im portance of Oregon having a clerkship in the Agricultural Department at Washing ton, and suggests the propriety of recom mending, at the present annual meeting, some suitable person for the position. 1 heartily approve of the suggestion, and hope favorable action may be had upon it before our final adjournment."7 We are not informed what action, if any, was had unon the suggestion. We do know that it is a matter which requires attention from some of the smart ones. A rusty farmer cannot accomplish anything for Oregon, no matter how great his desire may tc, because the smart ones have things their own way generally and we may say it is generally a very poor way. Our State is never heard in the Department periodicals. Why? Because a Maryland woman, and a citizen of some other State, fill seais be longing to us. It is time the Agricultural Department was instructed that Oregon is a part and parcel of the L'nited States of America. Speaking at the Fair. The Annual Address of the State Agricultural Society, was delivered by Mr. E. 15. Dufur, son of the President, elect, Mr. A. J. Dufur of Multnomah county. We give it this week, to the exclusion in part of other matter. After the Address, a call was made for some of the ' Pioneers of Ore gon.' and J. L. Parrish was invited to take the stand. He said he came to this coast 27 yea re ago, when there was little else in this splendid valley but fir trees and broad prairies. At that time he knew every white person on this coast that he had lived to see the young State grow, till now, she teems with busy thousands. He spoke of the morality, in telligence and enterprise of the people of Oregon, and said we have no sluggards and beggars here, for they neither had the energy or means to bring them here. After Mr. Tarrish had closed his remarks, Mr. John Minto. of Marion county, was called for and gave the crowd a good talk. Disgraceful Melee. On Sabbath morning says the Cnronicle, Ryland, one of the proprietors of the Circus troupe which has been preying upon the com munity for near a week, and one of the employees of the chebang named Franklin, got into a regular fisticuff just before starting south. The fight took place in front of the Dennett House, and we are told resulted in Franklin being severely hurt. New Hotel. The Clironicle says the Pacific Hotel at Albany is very nearly completed and when done will be among the finest if not the finest hotel buildings in the State. There are fifty large, accessible and well ventilated rooms on the second floor. The external appearance is grand. An observatory constructed on the top overlooks the entire citv. Oregon Central Railroad. Mr. Gas ton, President of the Oregon Central Railroad Company, has received advices from the Secretary of the Interior to the effect that the organization of his Com pany is regular and correct, and that said Company is entitled to the benefits accru ing from the Congressional Land Grant says the Chronicle. Trce Democracy " All Right." Col. Dow. Qf the Press, during his sojourn at Salem, learned that Webfoot is all right. " Men will be appealed to on principle, not with the hope of office. There will be no danger of a milk-and-water platform, if true Democrats turn out to the primaries. Don't send a man to any convention who talks policy or conciliation." The Scouts. Capt McKay says the In dian Scouts have done pretty good sum mers work. Killed 25, and took about 30 prisoners, but we have lost several from death by sickness, laid to the. change of diet It coats more to kill an Indian than a deer even with Indians to hunt them. Coos Bay Road. The citizens of Doug las county have determined to build a road from Roseburg to Coos Bay. Meet ings and speeches, and resolutions, have passed. Now they will organize a com pany with $50,000 cash capital and go to wonc. Change ok Firm. The Chronicle has al ready began its mutations. Mr. Upton has assumed the responsibility of the con cern alone. We are not advised to what bec-omes of Mr. Noltner. ANNUAL ADSRESS DcliVc-lrcil 1cfore tT.c Orrgon Stale Agricultural Socity, ut Salem, Oct. 11th, 1807 ly K. B. Unfnr, tidies rind GentUmtn o? the V?e?n State Agricultural fyjciety-: In accepting the Courteous invitation of your President tt deliver the annual ad dress of i8t?7, allow me to express my thanks for the honor thus conferred upon mc. In compliance w ith that request, on this occasion. I shall offer no apology for incompetency in striving to fulfill the task which I have undertaken, begging leave to remark that my experience in public speaking is very limited. You are aware. I as is frequently, and may I not add, too often the case, in nearly all of our public gatherings, where the people assemble to listen to discourses embracing various subjects, it is customary to select profes sional men to do the speaking, as those best able to handle and discuss the differ ent topics of the day. In some instances such selections may be wise and judicious, but where the assemblage like this is composed chiefly of those who look upon life as a plain reality, and depend mostly upon physical exertions as a means of support, we believe it would be im politic and impracticable, if not detriment al to the interests of the people as a whole. Lawyers may expound the laws of equity, physicians may explain the different meth ods of their practice, divines may reason the points of theology, and the laboring masses, fanners and tradesmen, should ever be ready to advocate the principles of their own avocations. When a farmer is invited to make a plea in a court of chancery, a carpenter to lecture upon the science of medicine, or a blacksmith is solicited to discourse upon the laws of divinity, then may the representatives of every branch ot industry well repay the compliment by seeking information from professional advice, as applicable to the interests of their respective callings. No doubt there are many in our State who follow the plow and shove the plane, lay brick in mortar, or strike at the anvil, capable of delivering addresses suitable at all times in any community ; and this society, composed of and supported by the producing classes, having as its object mutual improvement in all the departments ot enterprise aud industry, should bear in mind that theory without practice is not available in accomplishing any beneficial resultv towards effecting that object, Merit alone is deserving of honor, and true merit belongs to men of worth instead of words. And should this maxim be adopted turougiiout me moving circles ot our country, to govern every action, civil, po litical and religious, we would be a better, a wiser, and a more prosperous people In offering these suggestions for your con siueration. i nave no otlier motive in view than to uphold the importance of the la borer in public estimation, for his works justly entitle him to the highest honors that man may receive or give. Why should we shrink from toil and look upon it as rendering menial service? Does not Nature, the great Author of perfection teach us every hour by His examples of continual toil written every where through oiu ins ordinance, tne condition ot our being, and the circumstances with which He has .surrounded us, that to labor is obedience to a just decree ? Then let us not reject the means we now have at com maud, ot accepting and sharing the boun ties nature so freely and abundantly places at our disposal, in supplying all our wants with the necessaries ot lite, when our at tention turns to a legitimate calling. We hope the time is fast approaching, when every one shall be known by the fruits of his industry, and he who gains an hones livelihood bv the sweat of the brow shall be regarded as the noblest representative of God's most noble work man. Of all the pursuits which as yet have employed the mental and ohysical powers ot man kind, for a complete development of every resource essential to human good and hap piness, agriculture occupies the mos prominent position, as forming the basis upon which all others rest and have their origin. The first important indication of a coun try's promise is, its adaptations for the cultivation of the soil, but other natural advantages and resources which tend to make up the great business circle of life, iu creating a homo market for agricultural products and forming a commercial rela tion by which the surplus may find a ready sale in other parts of the world, greatty facilitate in laying the foundation for per manence and success. Yet, with all these blessings bequeathed by a kind Creator for the use and benefit of a ppople, with out persevering diligence and continual application of hand and mind united, hap piness will falter, and prosperity fail to triumph. Idleness, wherever practiced, although it may be in aristocratic circles surrounded wiih ease ami luxury, and fed by the glittering pageantry of wealth, de grades the man, engendering a spirit of selfish vanity, bigotry and discordant, the fountain head of war, misery and misrule, while peace is the legitimate offspring of industry, and plenty its reward. In the creation man was endowed with higher qualities than those bestowed upon any other portion of earth's living things ; yet something was necessary to call into action his better nature ; for in those days which constitute the primitive period of his existence, man was a creature a step only above the animal level, governed bv impulse rather than reason the slave o'f passion and groveling propensity. The power of intellect, tempered withliberal ity, integrity and moral rectitude, had not as yet been realized under the predomi nancy of physical force, which for many generations controlled the actions and dictated the affairs of men. Open rapine, and licentious depravity without compunc tion, wars of conquest, subjugation and exacting intolerance committed by lawless hordes of unsettled barbarians "seem to form the greater part of ancient history. But the law of progression had been contemplated to change the currency of events, and the flood of light, of living truth, ushered in with the advent of that era, bore the glad tidings of coming great ness in the future destiny of man. The laws of nature are fixed and immovable ; subsistence is an indispensable attribute of life. The decree had gone forth : " By the sweat of the brow shalt thou obtain thy bread," and they who should first hear the command to do its bidding were to be the movers of reformation, the builders of society, the pioneers of advancement and civilization, and felt the refining influence of manly virtue, moral worth and intel lectual improvement, within the reach of all who sincerely desire their attainment. The beginning of agriculture as a step from barbarism towards enlightenment, was the introduction of a series of progres sion, which, with the lapse of time, should be developed, each in its order, to aid in extending the work of amelioration already commenced. The voice that whispered go forth and plow the fields,'' breathed into bosoms depraved and hardened with the usages of war. incentives of purity, peace and good will. The mental faculty, awakened with shouts of gladness of approaching day, sprang from its slumbering couch, inspir ed and animated with the duties of its sacred office, and the physical world, awed and submissive in the presence of a supe rior, heard and obeyed the mandates of its new-born master-mind. The dark clouds of mystery and uncer tainty that so long pervaded the kingdoms of earth with an impenetrable gloom, have disappeared through the untiring efforts of research and investigation. Rules have become fixed ; principles have been estab lished over the remains of erroneous fancy and false belief ; habit and custom, once rude and turbulent, are now polished with system, and shaped with order. Science, gorgeously arrayed in natural causes and effects, has played upon the inventive powers ot man ; and art, vying in useful ness to economize strength and time, has reduced to practical application the tested truths of science, and made smo.ith the once uneven ways of life. Laws have been instituted as a guaranty against open violence and wanton outrage ; Christianity has been framed in cnfornuty to the dic tates of conscience, and in accordance with the command : As ye would that men should do unto you, do ye even un to them." Barren wastes and trackless Wilds converted in grain fields, grazing, and meadow lands, have amply rewarded constant diligence with abundant fruitful ness. Nations have risen in the onward march with all the pomp and grandeur of earthly power and glory ; governments have been erected upon staple founda tions, resting in the security of their own capacity, to satisfy the present and future want ; the ring of anvil and the echo of the woodman s ax, keeping stroke with advance of time ; the hum of mills and manufactories, and the shriek of the iron horse, laden with the commodities of in land trade and traffic : the waves of ocean whitened with the commerce of interna tional exchange, and a world teeming in pursuit and possession and overflowing with prosperity all of these are living witnesses in behalf of agriculture, as the first great leading cause of man s gradual ascendency from the days of barbarism to his present eminence, in the scale of hu man excellence, wisdom and power. We need not go out ot our country to seek for proofs to substantiate our asser tions, the Luited States of America, as an individual power, owes its present standpoint in the catalogue of nation ; first to its agricultural resources : secondly to its mechanical and manufacturing abili ties ; and thirdly, to the manner in which its people have dilligently prosecuted the work ot peaceful pursuit. Agriculture, through the perserving energy of its de votees aided by mechanical art in the economy of labor, has furnished the raw material for subsistence and apparrel ; manufacture has reduced its products to better suit the requirements for home use and commercial relations, and our landed system giving to each worthy son of toil a home, was the crowning act of American Liberty in framing the bulwarks to public security, and has been the secret of sue cess in promoting general welfare and harmonizing popular .sentiment with con cord of action and mutual interest, fol lowed by contentment and that degree of prosperity unequaled in the records of other countries where landed monopolies have been tolerated. Not a century has glided away into past since the birth of our Republic, but industry has its record and the few infant colonies that formed the constituent parts of the embryo nation have expanded with gigantic proportions into noole states ; others have been added to the list, till now t lie members of tin great Lnion are scattered over its broad domains, from the Gulf to the Canadas and from ocean to ocean. It is an estab lished axiom, that like causes produce like effects, and if those we have mentioned have served so well to make opulent the people of other States, may not we. in our endeavors to build up the institutions of our own, profit by their examples" Surrounded. as we have been through out this entire occasion with so manv man ifestations of industry, skill and good taste we can arrive at but one conclusion : that the citizens of Oregon are public spirited in all that pertains to social improvement and as improvement, in its every sense is embodied in the intent of this society sincerely hope it may remain one of the leading features ot the Mate Let the spirit of good feelinsr. that has existed in this assemblage, prevail on sim war gatherings of after date, and win! competition, if honorably executed, will add to general interest, we trust no unwar rantable rivalry will be allowed to abate our ardor, or bar our progress ; but with a uesire lor mutual advancement, let us maintain to the last this the Workingmen order, and when perfection shall follow on our line of march, then may the purpose justly demand its object, arid not till then shall our work be finished. 1 would that I were better acquainted with the fu;mc history of Oregon, that 1 niiglrj be able to draw more correct conclusions m approx imating the chain of circumstances con nectod with its growth : but assured am that some at least, if not manv. of vou were among its earliest settlers, with vou recollection of pa.-t experience. brightened by every day's occurrences, fnllv able t realize the rapid change which, within : very limited period, lias come over a par ot that tract ot country Iving along tl) western slope of the Rocky Mountains As the fine that I shall continue to ad dress vou must necessarily be brief. I shall now direct my remarks more particularly to tne present appearance and future pros pects Ot this Pacific State. Blessed wiih mild, salubrious climate, its wintets. al though some may deem them disagreeable are admirably suited to the interests of the stock raising and the farming classes while its summers would rival those of me neauuriu Italy. mi a large scope ot country, embracing 00.000.out) acre much of which is susceptible of cultiva tion, and only awaits the mdomitabl energy and practical skill of the agricul turist to make fruitful a naturally fertile soil, with its western borders resting up on the great Pacific, and two navigable rivers flowing through and draining a large portion of arable land, associating it wiih the ocean trade, and affording a means by which its productions are accessible to markets of the outer world ; with fisheries of almost unlimited extent, and lumbering facilities of no little value in connection yvith building purposes: with many good and lasting water privileges, ready to lend the motive power in driving the machin ery of mills, and of vast importance to any agricultural country ; with iron of a supe rior quality, and in abundance to more than supply the home demand in all of the practical uses to which it is adapted ; gold, silver and copper added to the list of pre cious metals abounding in nearly every range of mountains within its jurisdiction. With all of these evidences of the most attractive and choicest of nature's handi works are yve not justified in expressing the opinion that the natural resources of Oregon would bear a favorable compari son witii many if not all of the old Eastern States. Comparatively speaking Oregon is still in its infancy, yet as wc glance over the pages of improvement already written in lier youthful career, the mind is directed into one channel of thought that our State assumes a character of permanence nnd importance commendable of adini.'a tion in the opinion of her sisters, and en titling her to the respect of every country inhabited by the civilized portions of man kind. All traces of former barbarism are fast becoming extinct under the auspicious influence of better society, and the spell of quietude that but a few years ago rested upon her landscape from border to bor der, has been broken by the bustle and commotion of an industrious people, whose aim is to walk in the higher roads of life. Beautiful farms with good substantial buildings cover the valleys, table-lands, and hill-sides, yielding rich harvests, through the skillful management and well regulated husbandry of their occupants and owners. Thriving towns and cities have taken the places of temporary trading posts ; tanneries, foundries, machine shop?, and mills of different descriptions have' been established in many portions of the State, and are now actively engaged as sisting other avocations in bringing forth useful results for private and public good There is no lack of interest in view to edu cation, and schools of learning are scat tered everywhere throughout the land affording an opportunity tantamount to the wants of the present voutls in the all important acquisitions of knowledge Having but briefly alluded to pome of the leading characteristics of our State let us now look to matters for future conoid eration and action. And as our farmin interests are invaluable, not onlv with our present social position, but with the progress we may hereafter m.ke, I now ask your attention for a few moments to that particular. As we have before ob served, agriculture is the first step to in dependence and greatness; mechanism manufacture, and all other pursuits fol low in the wake of its production Fellow-farmers, in what I mav sav per taining to our vocation, I do it, "not" with a view to dictate or command, but as an appeal to your own good sense and i'ud.r ment. Experience hath shown us that without system there is seldom success ami this rule is applicable alike to ail cases wherever man is dependent upon his own energies for subsistance. The results of farming are governed more by the pro cess of tilling than by the amount of land cultivated. As we look to the soil as the great source of remuneration, to guard yyell its properties should receive our first attention, and to strengthen its capacity the first object of our thoughts. A suc cessful farmer will learn aud appreciate the value of manure ; overtaxation, with out replenishing the soil, of continued length will exhaust the most fertile land, while sterile wastes through artificial means are made productive, and to apply fertilizinsr substances to our fields is to extend their powers and prolong their fruitfulness. Then let us give to the soil that which it freely gives to us. and our reward shall be a hundred fold. Order should be the basis of our domestic affairs, and nothing left lor the morrow that should be done to-day. With all the appurte nances of the farm neatly limsiied ana kept in good repair, with a care to com fort, convenience, and good cneer, wie farmer will be independent, home will have its attractions, and life, yvhat it hould be, a pleasure rather than a bur- en. And here we would urtre the necessity of paying strict regard to the education of tanners sons and daughters, it is a uuiy that parents owe their children, and while thev should be schooled in usefulness anu an-rht that labor is not dishonorable, they mav. and should have, the advantages of hij: hi v polished manners and well culti- vated mind As a crain trrowinsr district. Oregon presents very flattering prospects, and promises in the future with remunerative returns. It should be a matter ol con crratulation to the irrain growers to know, that Eastern consumers are paying tribute to this locality for a part of their bread- stuffs, f rom reliable source we have in formation to the effect, that lor some time past Orcaron flour has commanded the hurhest once over all other brands in tne Eastern market. Thus, have we not only reason to be proud that so soon our ef forts have resulted in a surplus over and above yvhat was needed lor home con amotion, but that a State so young as ours has nobly won tne enampionsnip from her sisters, man v of whom are much her senior and whose chief pursuit has been collateral with the grain crowing in terest. There is no danger of this part of tarmincr beinsr over done, and we trust it will continue to be one of the leading avenues of internal wealth. It is also commendable of the proprietors and man agers of flouring mills that thev have spared no pains in producing a superior article. Stock raising may be pursued with great advantage here, as we have many facilities necessary to its encourage ment and prosperity. .Many inducements are held forth to attract our attention in this direction horses are brought into requisition hourlv. and beef, mutton, and pork constitute a part of the elements of subsistance. i et the ultimate success ot this pursuit pertains no less to quality than to amount. Taking into considera tion the expense of keeping arid the pur poses assigned to each with the results of sale, the balance greatly weighs in favor of the superior grades. A lively interest has been manifested towards the improve ment of stock in each department, and those who have engaged in importing the best class of horses, cattle, sheep and sw ine, are deserving of great commenda tion from the rest, and it is also creditable of the people that they have appreciated the favor bv replacing the inferior with the better blood-!. While each clas.s taken separately, if placed on exhibition in any part of the world, would be no discredit to their own ers. it is a noteworthy instance that Ore gon has already furnished as fine beeves ascertLo eyes of man beheld in any country, i emaps no other enterprise in the State has received a mot e liberal pat ronage, or has been ot greater valuetotlu: inhabitants than that ot stock raising. !so far we have been aide to answer the home call, as our markets, filled with a variety of the choicest of meats will attest, and the recollection of the countless droves taken from mir exuberant hills and prairies to feed the gold hunters of Caiilornia, the British Possessions, and those mining regions lying to the east ward, should serve as a stimulus for the continuation o! this: one of the most es sential branches of agricultural pursuits. Dairying ii a permanent occupation the world over, and should be attended to here as well as in other States and coun tries. Perhaps we have been rather neg ligent in this respect, as the past would seem to indicate ; for in many of our mar kets are to be found the proceeds of Eas tern dairy farms. Now if the people of some of the Middle and New England States, with their rocky hills and frozen winters of six month's duration, after de ducting freightage, commission and other expenses, can make it profitable to fur nish our tables with butter and cheese, cannot we. with superior advantages in soil and climate, well afford not only to stop this outward flow of money by re placing articles of dairy coming from abroad with those of our own production, but to create an overplus sufficient to throw the balance of trade upon them? The question is easily answered, and awaits only the future for a reply. Wool-growing is keeping pace with other undertakings, and as a lucrative business has few if any equals. The woolen manufactories now established near at hand, with a capacity' to work 1.000,000 pounds of wool annually, will not remain idle for want of material, as many have already invested m sheep. Our mineral resources are liable to be come exhausted, mining stocks may de preciate and go down, but. the wool-growing interest shall be as lasting as our State, and will enhance in value from day to day. While I have not time to comment fur ther upon the channels of industry in cluded in farming operations. 1 suggest the propriety that each department should be well represented. Let our labor be be divided, and each work so proportioned that wherever or whenever a demand may occur we may be ready to answer the call. The Oswego Iron Works, now engaged in manufacturing iron from the ore, isle scrving of our notice, and will render maferial aid in carrying out some of the measures of home economy. The ener getic spirit manifested by transportation companies and other private and public enterprises before mentioned, speak highly in favor of the wealthy class ; that the capi talists are not idle while the masses yvork. Oregon still holds out inducements to call immigration hither, for although a majority of" the best lands in point of 'fertility and location are now owned and occupie'd.yet thousands of acres yvith greater facilities for farming purposes than blessed New Englanders in early times are lying idle without an owner. And should 'thefloat mg population of the East, attracted to our shores, choose to cast their lot amotio ns, share our toils, and mingle their for tunes with ours in one common er.use of advancement, let the hand of welcome ex tend them a kindly greeting, and aNt them in acqu'ring that which is the most valuable of earthly treasures, a home True, competition will follow immigration but we have greater reason to court com petition than to fear it. While much has been done to establish upon a firm foundation the superstructure ot this young but very promising State of the I acilic. what Las been thus far wit nessed is but the opening chapter of a greater result, nobler victories and more brilliant achievements of peaceful con quest and acquisition await us, and a brighter era than has ever blazed upon this, part of our common country is vet to dawn. The project for a Pacific railroad which has been the theme of much remark speculation and discussion among all classes of Americans, seems to be no onger a creature of fancy and delusion but a matter of fact, a reality that is to be! I wo distinct lines are now marked out by which the Atlantic is to be bound to the Pacific with iron rails, and soon will he eyes of a world behold the untold and in exhaustible wealth of our Pacific Posses sions. I re many years hence the central and northern routes, the former pointing out San Francisco as its place of destina tion, and the latter terminating at Puget Sound, yvill be completed and open for travel, and then shall another pass through the heart of our State connecting the two main trunks and known as the Oregon Central Railroad. The far seeing of Europe have pro claimed America to be the connecting link between their own country and that of Asia, and the best business and commercial author ties have determined mac ai some future period not far distant, the Asiatic trade will cross the American comment. The Northern Pacific as the shortest and most feasible route will be the mam thor oughfare for the commerce of our oyvn as r-. ... r .1. T- - well as that oi some oi uie rJuiojeau na tions : and at its western terminus as the center of trade, the great business empori ums for reshipment and commutation, an other New York shall adorn our shores not a hundred miles distant from our borders. Then shall the laborer be worthy of his hire ; our markets increased a hundred fold shall be ready for the reception of all our products, and yvith our agricul tural, manufacturing, mechanical and mineral resources and advantages, we may siti'r a song cd'ease and plenty and bid de fiance to a world of competition. W ith new interests awakened and immigration cominnr from every direction, our now va cant lands shall then teem in bounteous fruitfulness, and Oregon soon will be sec ond to none, but a compeer yvith any of the States of the Union. There is still another law of progression which years ago sages and seers foretold and prophets foresaw in holy vision, but is now only prospective with tho immigra tion. That time when the sword shall be beaten into the ploughshare, the spear into the pruning hook, and all the nations fra ternized in one united brotherhood shall learn war no more. That time when uni versal peace, love and goodwill shall reign on earth supreme, and every one shall sit under his own vine and fig tree with none to molest or make him afraid. TKLEtiHAPIUC .EAVS. We take the following telegraphic Dews from dispatches to the Urfjoninn. The braid's Richmond says the greatest excitement since secession in irgima. now prevails over the recent northern elections. It is confidently expected that while the current of reconstruction will not be changed, many asserts that the con servatives will carry the Convention in the election on the 22d inst. The negroes are denouncing Hnnnicut as the author of all their misfortunes, by his extreme ultra doctrines. Affairs in Italy have a very grave as pect. There is a general belief that the whole nation will follow Garibaldi in his effort to restore Rome to Italy and that ictor Emanuel wilt soon pass the Roman frontier and proclaim Rome a part of the Kingdom. It is believed that the plates for the counterfeit lond3 were-engraved in Eng land. About S70.000 of 'them were re deemed at the Treasury before the charac ter of the bonds were discovered. There is said to be a fair prospect of the capture of the counterfeiters. The Urnes says editorially that the re cent elections are not an indorsement of the President's policy ; that the Democrats utterly repudiate him and haven ) part in his policy or bis fight with the Republi cans. Two men have been sentenced in the l'nited States Court to ten years in the Penitentiary for maltreating negroes. This is the first conviction under the Civil Rights Bill in Kentucky. A New York dispatch of the 1 3th. says "Meyer, who was brought back from ;;an Francisco for embezzlement, has to-day been convicted."' No mention is made of his gal. The Fenian alarm continue- mx sus- peeted persons have Iteen arrested in Liverpool. A rising is feared in Limerick, for which precautions have been taken to prevent. The North German Gazelle, which is supposed to reflect the views of Bismarck, says it is firmly convinced of the sincerity of Napoleon's desire for peace. Negotiations are still pending between Johnson and parties in New York to heat the Democratic quarrel there existing. The result is a doubtful matter. It is reported that Napoleon complains of the delay of Austria in completing the military reorganization of the Empire. Intelligence from China says the rebels are meeting with success and seriously threaten Pekin. Three iron clads have been dispatched to the Irish coast. Pktkoi.kvm kok Co.u.. The experiments making in ibis country and Europe to test the feasibility of substituting crude pe troleum for coal, as fuel, for generating steam, very naturally attracts the attention of scientific and business men. The Brit ish and French Governments have made liberal appropriations for this new devel opment of science, and thus far the efforts to utilize earth oil as a motive power, have been attended yvith a fair degree of success. On the other side of the Conti nent, the greatest measure of success at tained seems to have been in Boston and Cincinnati. In the former city the U. S. gunboat Palos has adopted petroleum in stead of coal, and on one of her trial trips, it is stated, that she was driven very much faster than she had ever been with coal used with the greatest freedom. And this experiment, says the New York Shipping List, was fully equaled in a recent test at Cincinnati, where a small steamer under a uniform pressure of one hundred and twenty pounds, made more than the aver age rate of speed with coal, during a trip of some twelve hours' duration. Por.Ti.A.n Bkanch Railroad. A gen tleman from Hillsboro says the Tualatin Plains, with Yamhill, Folk and Benton counties, yvill subscribe $-100,000 fr Gas ton's central railroad ; that this amount will build the first section of twenty miles ; that they are going to make the northern terminus at the foot of the Willamette slough, and leave Portland "out in the wet ;" and if Portland wants any interest in the road, she 7nnst build a branch. We call that pretty good. Wake up Sammy ! says the Oregonian. Ciiixk.sk Yam. Mr. Huntingdon of Sa lem, is cultivating the Chinese yam. It is highly spoken of as a very delicate and excellent article of food. Mr. Huntington is confident it can be cultivated to good advantage in Oregon, and if so it may add a very valuable article to our agricul tural products. Lixx Colntv. The total assessment for 1SG7 in Linn county, as we learn from the Journal, is returned at S2.99(J,22fi. A tax of 13 mills was levied. The expenses of the county last fiscal year were about $18,000. The municipality of Albany is assessed at $G00.O00. Reviving. On Monday last it is safe to say that not less than one hundred and twenty-five wagon loads of produce were unloaded in Portland. Every day this week, from 20 to 50 teams have passed through this city, yvith immigrants, pro duce, or freight. Defunct. The Southern Oregon Press has gone up the spout. Weekly Commercial Review. Enterprise Office, ) Oregon City, Oct. ISth, 18C7. Commenting upon the condition of the San Francisco Market on the 2Gth of Sep tember, the California Farmer says : Our Grain and Produce markets present points of interest this week. The disposition to depress our market rates of wheat, the lat ter part of last week, lias proved a failure. It caused Inactivity for a few days. Hol ders saw the object and declined to accede to buyers views. The market has now regained its firmness and tone. More ton nage has been secured and at less rates than have ruled, which argues favorable for a further advance in wheat and flour. The inauguration of a Corn Exchange in this city, is now a fixed fact an institu tion of life, (very much to the discom fiture of those yvho have worked to con trol and dictate prices prejudicial to the interest of the producer.) Buyers and sellers daily meet cn 'Change, face to face? and transact their business. No private office, or hired agents to canvass the coun try, yvill long be required, and judging from the manner in which business has been commenced, this neyv feature here bids fair to be a success, and an advantage to the great majority. Our shipments of wheat the past week, were 121,fi0G 100 lb sks, and 0.181 5 bbls flour. There are now known to be engaged 2 1 vessels, of a tonage of 19.G1G tons. 11 of which will load entirely with wheat for England. Those going to New York, Boston, Hong kong, etc., etc., will take liberal supplies of wheat and flour. New markets are continually opening io its ami demand rapidly increasing. Oar receipts of wheat alone, from July 1st to date, have been near 3,000,000 100 lb sks nearly 1 50,000 tons, and about 100.000 tons have been shipped, yvhich has added millions of dol lars to the wealth of our State. The quantity yet in the hands of farmers is large, but not enough to cause any un easiness ; it will all be wanted at good prices. From the New York CuUicator we glean the following views of the grain crop : "The production of the country will ex ceed that of last year. Fifty correspon dents write unfavorably, but ninety write otherwise. Twenty five per cent, increase may be taken as as;ured; say ISO as against 1 V.i millions of bushels last year."' 1 t is claimed that there is 110 stock on hand from last year. Never was it so closely sold out. Taking vAm into account the increased influx "f immigration and the natural increase- of population, it is concluded that the surplus for export will be no greater than last year, when it was unusually small. A steady falling off in the production is shown from 13(1 millions in 1-SG2 to 1 1 II millions in l;-(. This fall ing off is referred to the diminished area sown for want of hands, to a steady and manifest reduction of the yield per acre from exhaustion of the soil, and from the substitution in many Western States of spring sowing instead of winter. This change appears to have extended largely in Illinois, Wisconsin. Iowa, an 1 Minn j sofa. Il may not be generally known that in Pennsylvania and New York the soil has ceased to grow wheat as formerly. The vallev of the Genessee and the bot- ! j0!n5 of t!:e Susq-iehanah. once so ci .1... brated for fme wheat, do not now produce half their former yield under equal culti vation. In Ohio, also, this dying off of wheat lias become so notable that wheat is no longer its leading staple. How liti'e the farmers of the At lantic States know of this as a wheat land. The day they find out. the facility of rais ing it here, there will be inaugurated a general exodus from a hard climate and scanty means of life, to this, our land of big crops and easy production. The state of the foreign markets Is pro ducing an important effect upon the grain holders of the interior of California. The Marysvillo papers state : , Many of the farmers iu Yuba and Sut ter Counties have stacked their grain in ricks, and are covering them with the in tention of holding it until prices are higher. This is foolish. Two years ago crops were plentiful, and even one year ago. Prices were low. and farmers grumbled and complained they could not make money. This year crops are fair and the present prices are high, very high, and pay a handsome profit to the producer. Our farmers can expect but little advance on present prices and are certainly fool ish to wait lor a raise. Any possible rise in price will not cover the loss sustained by the ravages. Thrash your grain and bring it to market while good roads and remunerative prices may both aid yon, for it is quite probable you may wait longer to fare worse. We quo !e; FLOUR Imperial, Standard, Monitor, brands $( 50(-V S7 00 bbl., in 4 sacks; outside brands $5 00( S5 50. WHEAT In demand at $1 10(?:$1 15 bushel, with an active upward tendency. OATS The demand is about equal to the supply, at 35or 37r'o. CORN M EAL $2 f.o?v$3"H cwt. VKlvH i:i-,.ii.i.l 5-, $25 i ton : Middlings $2or--?25 ; Bran $12 FRUIT Green Apples "jbx 25(50 c: j Dried Apples lb C(,8c.; Dried Peaches j 20c; Plums -J0c j We understand that two principal buy- ; ers are offering from 25 to -tOc. i box for I green fruit, hence our quotations may be considered rather over than under the cur rent rates. It is a singular fact, that while Oregon is abundantly able to supply all demands in the line of dried fruit, espec ially, we are dependant upon importations for our principal use. CURED MEAT Bacon r" lb 13cr",llc; Hams lb lh,18c; Shoulders 7(,8c. LARD In kegs 10 c; tins 15c EGGS 22c. V doz. BUTTER Ordinary to prime ! lb 25 :10c. POULTRY Chickens r doz $2 50(7? 3; tame Ducks 75c. pair : tame Geese $"2 50 pair; Turkeys $2 50(f-$: t) pair. GAME Grouse 50e. f pair, or $3 j, doz.: Pheasants. tOc pair, or $2 doz. VEGETABLES Potatoes cl bu. 25 eta Onions 100 lbs $1 50$2.; Beanscn00 lbs $3 5u$l. HIDES Salted 1 lb4J5c; dry S10. ror.Ti.ANo rr.K-KS. Trade in Portland has been fair during the week. The rush of grain by teams, owing to the advance, has been unprece dented. We quote : Flour Ranging from $6 00 to $7 00 barrel. Wheat Lois offered here are taken at SI 20 to $1 25 "tl bushel. Bacon Sides. 910c; hams, 17.l$c: shoulders, (;7c; Slock abundant, demand light. Lard In tins. 10J(7?,llc; Kegs. 10c Butter Packed solid. 10 and 12c. In brine, choice, 20 and 25c. Isthmus, 30 to 38 ic. Eggs In good demand at 33c. rv) doz. Dried Fruits Apples, packed in new 5 bbls 10c; Peaches, 12Ac and 13c; Plums, 2025c Sugar Islands, 12j13c; SanFrancis co C, 141!5c..; Cruehed, in bbls.. 16Ac; nan Dbis., tic. Syrup Heavy 81(?S7c : Island. Golden, best 1,rm,i in'bbls., 35c. Uran(J Rice- -Hawaiian, 10 Ct 'toa, No. i, 7c. Coffee Java. 27c ; Rio. but lhu market, 22c ; Costa Rica. 23c le 10 Fish Salmon, bbls. $9 00; half in $5 00; Mackerel. $14 ; kits.' 3 50 S' nsn. luc. Vi ' Salt Carmen Island 100 lb sks rn ury 50 lb. sks. $32 50 ; best iCv in,! Dairy lb. sks 10c ; 3 lb. sks. Sc. ' " ' lb' s SAX FUAXCISCO rillCKS. The following is the latest San Fr- , . p) u 1 ran" Cisco dispatch : w Sas Francisco Oct. 17th.-Flor-ew ork telegrams of to-day quote Californi Hour at $13 75, and wheat at $3 20 Liverpool wheat market yesterday r for California yvhite. Flour we aunt ..... s . v , i. ; qrs 7 2521 7 IO ; extra $7 75(V.8 ; qrs '$j 25. Wheat In view" of the proximity 0f steamer day, and a very general effort to check advancing prices, the market teD parently at a dead lock. Leading ship pers are no longer purchasing in tbVciw though it is currently reported and pe'n' orally believed that they are purchasing ia the interior at $2 50 and upwards. Th millers are also standing aloof, beinir tem porarily supplied. The receipts" have sdddenly fallen off over) per cent., ag gregating for the twenty-four hours, en ing to-day noon, only about ten thousand sacks. This decrease of course is but temporary, and is the effect of the advanc ing condition of the market. In the pres ent unsettled condition of the market, prices have of course assumed a wi. range, say $2 25(2 C5 for ordinary" to choice. Barley We quote the market at $1 79 (if. I .SO for new feed, aad brewiag at is! S5.s. 1 95 for old. Oats Small sales wiihin the range $1 t)0(Tt;l Potatoes Mission $1 C2, l 75. The receipts of wheat this season hve been unusually large. Valparaiso dates to the 3d ult., quote wheat at $.1 75 lj;, lbs. and flour at $3 "Jti f) 100 hs. De mand confined to local trade. Ridks Tnuuccii Montana. We have read with interest the first paper, and (under the melancholy circumstances) the last, in llirpT, underlie above head ing, written by Gen. Thomas F. Meagher, late acting Governor of Montana, who&e death has already been noted. We regret that the world is derpived of tW succeed ing chapters of the proposed papers. The General took the longest and pleasantest way of gt-ttiis-g iiito Montana from New York Clry. which he says " is the shortest ai'ter all' from New York to Sun Fran cisco via Nicaragua, thence by sea to. Portland. Oregon, thence up the Colum- ! bia. and via Pen I) Orielle Lake. Lit tle thought he. on leaving Cabinet Land ing. " tlroasniag a day-dream of the golden days in store for- hiia among the treasure veined mountains of Montana,"' of the brief time allotted to him on earth. Hi account of the Pen D' Orielle route b very readable, truthful, and deservingly bestowed. Thk Lvrii Fjj--..tions. The result of the elections in Ohio, and Pennsylvania are very satisfactory to everybody. The Democrats feel jubilant to know that their party came so near beating- the Republi cens. and the latter are only too thankful that they were not totally routed. The Democrats elected a supreme .b,;dge in Pennsylvania -the only officer chosen gained a few members of the Legislature in Iowa, and'a Senator the United States for Ohio. The Governor elect of Ohio is a Republican. Sat.i: ok Stock. On next Saturday there will be a sale at auction of the celebrated horses of Mr. Gamble-, near Fair Oaks Statio?.. on t'se San Jose (Cal.) Railroad. Six thorough bred horses, four pacinf mares among them UrJ.-noicn. the wond-r of the turf, for which he was offered $19,000, and Pocahontas, said to be able to pace half a mile faster t&as anything living. Then there are five trotters, be sides two PTrendid stallions, colts. etc. The sale wil! create a great deal of interest Re 'ONSTurcTKo. Col. Gilbert, tried hv court martial for suppressing newspSfere in Arkansas and justifying himself on the ground that the military arc- masters (f the Southern people, has been sentenced to pay a fine of five thousand dollars and be reduced to the rank of Capta'at Bay View Park. An old Orronian. Capt. J. O. Van Bergeft has talten the above place of resort near San Francisco, and put the track in order, with the ex pectation of giving a series of races thi fall. or at any rate to have rt for visa- ors to the place to try their hors on. , Steerage M a rr k irs. T he Soi.taern journals are ivianimous in the opinion thatf the reconstruction policy of Con?re? will be modified in consequence of the late elections, and negro suffrage left out. Northern men tend to the same opinion. Vaixanok.ham The Democrats of Oiiio will run Vallandigham foOtIje ! Senate. Splits. Split tickets arc all (tjjegfl " Virginia. Both parties havedpu ticket in the field. Repciu.ican. The Legislature of renn' svlvania is Republican the House being 51 to -4 ; Senate 20 to 10. Sew Advertisements. RETAIL gp-EALER IN SCHOOL BOOKS AND STATIONERY ! Has removed into a LARGER STORE, in MASONIC BUILD1XG, Where he will be pleased to wait upon , his old customers and as many new ones as patronize him. , .n(!r In addition to the above, f. received a WELL SKLEClEU AW0M MENT of . , J'erfumery and Cosmetics ! wh ich are offered for sale at reasonable r Oregon Citv. Oct. It'll), Notice. rV0 HENRY G. WEI'.STER ' J0 ,)h( 1 BOURNE: The Commissioner o General Land Office haying "'t;on of date of Sept. S. 1SI,. garter ot James L. Daly upon the N 1 ved Sec. 5, T. 2, S. It. I.E. , tract, and a patent issued in his fa or jr. f(J and that your respective claims d should be cancelled : o.. hvs from that vou will be allowed rtr service hereof in which to appeal decision if you desire to do 0ciobcP Lund Oilicc, Oiegon Lit), urecu 15tii, 1S OWEN WADE. R?is'rir. 52At 1 i V 0 ft - "M l- v