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" ogoii City, Oregon :
i:;kland, editor and fboi'kietor.
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" Saturday, October 19th, 1867.
Q END OP VOlirMB ONE.
With tho present issue Volume one of
the Enterprise is completed. "We shall con
tinue sending the paper to all whose names
Qsrc at present upon our lists, and be thauk
ful fcrny efforts on the part of our Iriends
who may aid us in extending the circulation
of our journal. The present circulation is
nearly double what it was expected we
would have at this time, and yet, wc arc of
the opinion it may be ia future easily increas
ed at least one half farther. With this view
we make the following
LIBERAL PROPOSITION.
To any patron in the past who will send
us one neio subscriber, and Fire Dollars, we
will forward two receipts in full for one year,
being a reduction of fifty ccntseper annum
per copy.
CLUBS
May be formed at the following rates :
-Ten copies one year,Cnd one to the
cretter ud of the club S3
Twenty copies one year, and two ex
tra copies to the getter up of the
club $45 OO
Mailed to sepcrute addresses if desired.
The cash to accompany each order, inva
riably, otherwise the regular rates of $3 will
be)charged, and advance payments consid
ered to be within the range of thirty or sixty
days.
We do not lay claim to any very great
rank in the world of Journalism, prefering
to let the public judge of us by our works.
In the year about to close we have been as
-attentive as possible to the duties devolving
upon us and can only promise to be as de-
voted in the future. With many thanks to
the public for the good words spoken for us,
and the patronage bestowed upon us, we
shjdl start out as fresh and resolutely with
Volume Two as though it were but the be
ginning of our experience ineOregon.
Any person receiving the paper who may
not wish to continue taking it, must notify
the Fostmaster, or send a copy, with their
name, back to this office at once.
All communications should be sent
through the mail or express to
P. C. IRELAND.
Oregon City, Oct. 6th, 1S67.
Q
Quick
Tim
E.
Pas engers
who
left San Francisco on Sept. 29th,
reached New York on the 0th of
October 20 days pas-age.
Missionaries. We learn bv tele
grams lrom New York that several
Missionaries sailed on the llth for
California. They are needed there
now.
Excited The San Frar.cisco dis
pachei say the markets are consid
erably excited there. No doubt the
speculators who can no longer con
troi the crops are excited. We un
derstand that the markets are firm,
with a steady step to the front.
Passengers from the East. We
observe the names of Mr. Geo. A.
Edes, wife and child, Mrs. E. M.
Barnum, and Mrs. A. D. Starr and
child, among the passengers leaving
New York for California on the 1st.
Costly Obstin-acv. There are two
men in prison in England whose fate
it has beeOjto illustrate the nature of
lawyers' bills on a magnificent seaie.
P. Foster, a farmer, now lies in Taun--ton
Jail for nonpayment of a church
rate amounting to the sum of 15s. 7 2d.
Hut the costs of the law proceedings
by which ho was condemned amount
to JC147. IGs. 9j. J. Ii. Grant is im
mured in Whitecross street prison for
nonpayment of 1 13s. church rate,
coupled with 257 costs.
Irresolution. In matters of great
concern, and Svhich must be done,
there is no surer argument of a weak
mind than irresoution; to be unde
termined where the case is so plain,
ai;d the necessity so urgent. To be
always intending to lead a new life,
but never to find to time to set about
it: this is as if a man should put off
eating and drinking and sleeping,
from one day and night to another',
till he is starved and destroyed.
CROrs in Europe. Mr. Jnmes
Sanderson's annual report estimates
the wheat crop in England and Scot
land to be under the average; barley
ten per cent, above the average ; oats
fifteen p er cent, above average; beans
fully average, and peas much below
average. TI13 potato crop is produc
ing an average yield, but the quality
O from an excess oi moisture in the soil,
is rather inferior. Jn the western and
southwestern counties of England trie
disease is very general. The turnip
crop generally is singularly good.
Pasture is very abundant, and a !ar
ger and better yield of hay was never
.secured in England.
-e .
Across the Continent bv Kail.
The distance from Philadelphia to
S.in Francisco, by way of Chicago, is
three thousand tfiree hundred miles.
If a train should run at the rate of
twenty miles per hour, including
stoppages which is,S perhaps, the
average rata on railroads in this
Ofinn f f- t. i i
wAf TU relmre Httle
saven days to accomplish
ve? :nCM. Asf0f,he Sides' the
travel crviU ascend from the eveI
iLncuZT' .BaW"ore or San
iin" I t c 'l ? b,lsht f ei-Ut bou.
sand two hundred and forty-two feet
-over a mile and a half
Military Roads. It is generally known
that the great Mullan route, from Walla
Walla to Fort Benton was a most misera
ble failure. Why it was so is thus des
cribed by a correspondent of the Orego
niw. : It is true there has been money
enough, and more than sufficient) epent to
make the Mullan road, but it Was badly
managed and indi-crectly thrown, away,
because it wa3 thought no person could
build such a road except be be a military
mam This is the secret of its non-success.
The road was made to cross the Coeur
d'Alene mountain, where it could not be
used but about six months of the year.
There was money enough spent, on the
bridges alone, to make the entire road on
the route contemplated via Pen d'Orie-
11 i lake. I said this money was virtual
ly thrown away. So it was, as there are
comparatively few of the bridges remain
ing at this time. This is not all ; the road
wa3 laid over marshes and swamps that
are almost impassable excepting during a
few of the summer mouths, before it
reaches the mountains. There is a stretch
of about thirty-two miles that is little bet
ter than a quagmire. It courses through
low cedar swamps, and can never be made
a good and practicable road where it is
now laid. Consequently, I say, let us have
a new survey and a new route ; then, with
a good practical man to direct the work,
something may be done. I say, too, not a
military man. I do not wish to disparage
the work of the military ; but their forte is
not in the line of road-making ; they are
good enough in their places, and there I
wish to keep them. I have witnessed
enough of their making roads in Oregon.
Take a glance, for instance, at the road
from Yamhill to Astoria ($20,000 appro
priation), and the Myrtle Creek road in
Southern Oregon. These roads were con
structed under the superintendence of the
military. The money was spent and no
roads made. I always questioned the util
ity of the former. The latter, I believe,
was intended for Gen. Joe. Lane's benefit.
It had neither beginning nor end.
Department Clerkship. During the
opening address of Mr. Doutb.it, at the
State Fair, he remarked fcas follows : " A
prominent and worthy member of this So
ciety has called my attention to the im
portance of Oregon having a clerkship in
the Agricultural Department at Washing
ton, and suggests the propriety of recom
mending, at the present annual meeting,
some suitable person for the position. 1
heartily approve of the suggestion, and
hope favorable action may be had upon
it before our final adjournment."7 We are
not informed what action, if any, was had
unon the suggestion. We do know that
it is a matter which requires attention from
some of the smart ones. A rusty farmer
cannot accomplish anything for Oregon,
no matter how great his desire may tc,
because the smart ones have things their
own way generally and we may say it is
generally a very poor way. Our State is
never heard in the Department periodicals.
Why? Because a Maryland woman, and a
citizen of some other State, fill seais be
longing to us. It is time the Agricultural
Department was instructed that Oregon is
a part and parcel of the L'nited States of
America.
Speaking at the Fair. The Annual
Address of the State Agricultural Society,
was delivered by Mr. E. 15. Dufur, son of
the President, elect, Mr. A. J. Dufur of
Multnomah county. We give it this week,
to the exclusion in part of other matter.
After the Address, a call was made
for some of the ' Pioneers of Ore
gon.' and J. L. Parrish was invited to
take the stand. He said he came to
this coast 27 yea re ago, when there
was little else in this splendid valley
but fir trees and broad prairies. At that
time he knew every white person on this
coast that he had lived to see the young
State grow, till now, she teems with busy
thousands. He spoke of the morality, in
telligence and enterprise of the people of
Oregon, and said we have no sluggards and
beggars here, for they neither had the
energy or means to bring them here.
After Mr. Tarrish had closed his remarks,
Mr. John Minto. of Marion county, was
called for and gave the crowd a good talk.
Disgraceful Melee. On Sabbath
morning says the Cnronicle, Ryland, one
of the proprietors of the Circus troupe
which has been preying upon the com
munity for near a week, and one of the
employees of the chebang named Franklin,
got into a regular fisticuff just before
starting south. The fight took place in
front of the Dennett House, and we are
told resulted in Franklin being severely
hurt.
New Hotel. The Clironicle says the
Pacific Hotel at Albany is very nearly
completed and when done will be among
the finest if not the finest hotel buildings in
the State. There are fifty large, accessible
and well ventilated rooms on the second
floor. The external appearance is grand.
An observatory constructed on the top
overlooks the entire citv.
Oregon Central Railroad. Mr. Gas
ton, President of the Oregon Central
Railroad Company, has received advices
from the Secretary of the Interior to the
effect that the organization of his Com
pany is regular and correct, and that said
Company is entitled to the benefits accru
ing from the Congressional Land Grant
says the Chronicle.
Trce Democracy " All Right." Col.
Dow. Qf the Press, during his sojourn at
Salem, learned that Webfoot is all right.
" Men will be appealed to on principle,
not with the hope of office. There will be
no danger of a milk-and-water platform,
if true Democrats turn out to the primaries.
Don't send a man to any convention who
talks policy or conciliation."
The Scouts. Capt McKay says the In
dian Scouts have done pretty good sum
mers work. Killed 25, and took about 30
prisoners, but we have lost several from
death by sickness, laid to the. change
of diet It coats more to kill an Indian
than a deer even with Indians to hunt
them.
Coos Bay Road. The citizens of Doug
las county have determined to build a
road from Roseburg to Coos Bay. Meet
ings and speeches, and resolutions, have
passed. Now they will organize a com
pany with $50,000 cash capital and go to
wonc.
Change ok Firm. The Chronicle has al
ready began its mutations. Mr. Upton
has assumed the responsibility of the con
cern alone. We are not advised to what
bec-omes of Mr. Noltner.
ANNUAL ADSRESS
DcliVc-lrcil 1cfore tT.c Orrgon Stale
Agricultural Socity, ut Salem, Oct.
11th, 1807 ly K. B. Unfnr,
tidies rind GentUmtn o? the V?e?n State
Agricultural fyjciety-:
In accepting the Courteous invitation of
your President tt deliver the annual ad
dress of i8t?7, allow me to express my
thanks for the honor thus conferred upon
mc. In compliance w ith that request, on
this occasion. I shall offer no apology for
incompetency in striving to fulfill the task
which I have undertaken, begging leave
to remark that my experience in public
speaking is very limited. You are aware.
I as is frequently, and may I not add, too
often the case, in nearly all of our public
gatherings, where the people assemble to
listen to discourses embracing various
subjects, it is customary to select profes
sional men to do the speaking, as those
best able to handle and discuss the differ
ent topics of the day. In some instances
such selections may be wise and judicious,
but where the assemblage like this is
composed chiefly of those who look
upon life as a plain reality, and depend
mostly upon physical exertions as a means
of support, we believe it would be im
politic and impracticable, if not detriment
al to the interests of the people as a whole.
Lawyers may expound the laws of equity,
physicians may explain the different meth
ods of their practice, divines may reason
the points of theology, and the laboring
masses, fanners and tradesmen, should
ever be ready to advocate the principles
of their own avocations. When a farmer
is invited to make a plea in a court of
chancery, a carpenter to lecture upon the
science of medicine, or a blacksmith is
solicited to discourse upon the laws of
divinity, then may the representatives of
every branch ot industry well repay the
compliment by seeking information from
professional advice, as applicable to the
interests of their respective callings. No
doubt there are many in our State who
follow the plow and shove the plane, lay
brick in mortar, or strike at the anvil,
capable of delivering addresses suitable at
all times in any community ; and this
society, composed of and supported by
the producing classes, having as its object
mutual improvement in all the departments
ot enterprise aud industry, should bear in
mind that theory without practice is not
available in accomplishing any beneficial
resultv towards effecting that object,
Merit alone is deserving of honor, and true
merit belongs to men of worth instead of
words. And should this maxim be adopted
turougiiout me moving circles ot our
country, to govern every action, civil, po
litical and religious, we would be a better,
a wiser, and a more prosperous people
In offering these suggestions for your con
siueration. i nave no otlier motive in view
than to uphold the importance of the la
borer in public estimation, for his works
justly entitle him to the highest honors
that man may receive or give. Why
should we shrink from toil and look upon
it as rendering menial service? Does not
Nature, the great Author of perfection
teach us every hour by His examples of
continual toil written every where through
oiu ins ordinance, tne condition ot our
being, and the circumstances with which
He has .surrounded us, that to labor is
obedience to a just decree ? Then let us
not reject the means we now have at com
maud, ot accepting and sharing the boun
ties nature so freely and abundantly places
at our disposal, in supplying all our wants
with the necessaries ot lite, when our at
tention turns to a legitimate calling. We
hope the time is fast approaching, when
every one shall be known by the fruits of
his industry, and he who gains an hones
livelihood bv the sweat of the brow shall
be regarded as the noblest representative
of God's most noble work man. Of all
the pursuits which as yet have employed
the mental and ohysical powers ot man
kind, for a complete development of every
resource essential to human good and hap
piness, agriculture occupies the mos
prominent position, as forming the basis
upon which all others rest and have their
origin.
The first important indication of a coun
try's promise is, its adaptations for the
cultivation of the soil, but other natural
advantages and resources which tend to
make up the great business circle of life,
iu creating a homo market for agricultural
products and forming a commercial rela
tion by which the surplus may find a ready
sale in other parts of the world, greatty
facilitate in laying the foundation for per
manence and success. Yet, with all these
blessings bequeathed by a kind Creator
for the use and benefit of a ppople, with
out persevering diligence and continual
application of hand and mind united, hap
piness will falter, and prosperity fail to
triumph. Idleness, wherever practiced,
although it may be in aristocratic circles
surrounded wiih ease ami luxury, and fed
by the glittering pageantry of wealth, de
grades the man, engendering a spirit of
selfish vanity, bigotry and discordant, the
fountain head of war, misery and misrule,
while peace is the legitimate offspring of
industry, and plenty its reward.
In the creation man was endowed with
higher qualities than those bestowed upon
any other portion of earth's living things ;
yet something was necessary to call into
action his better nature ; for in those days
which constitute the primitive period of
his existence, man was a creature a step
only above the animal level, governed bv
impulse rather than reason the slave o'f
passion and groveling propensity. The
power of intellect, tempered withliberal
ity, integrity and moral rectitude, had not
as yet been realized under the predomi
nancy of physical force, which for many
generations controlled the actions and
dictated the affairs of men. Open rapine,
and licentious depravity without compunc
tion, wars of conquest, subjugation and
exacting intolerance committed by lawless
hordes of unsettled barbarians "seem to
form the greater part of ancient history.
But the law of progression had been
contemplated to change the currency of
events, and the flood of light, of living
truth, ushered in with the advent of that
era, bore the glad tidings of coming great
ness in the future destiny of man. The
laws of nature are fixed and immovable ;
subsistence is an indispensable attribute
of life. The decree had gone forth : " By
the sweat of the brow shalt thou obtain
thy bread," and they who should first hear
the command to do its bidding were to be
the movers of reformation, the builders of
society, the pioneers of advancement and
civilization, and felt the refining influence
of manly virtue, moral worth and intel
lectual improvement, within the reach of
all who sincerely desire their attainment.
The beginning of agriculture as a step
from barbarism towards enlightenment,
was the introduction of a series of progres
sion, which, with the lapse of time, should
be developed, each in its order, to aid in
extending the work of amelioration already
commenced. The voice that whispered
go forth and plow the fields,'' breathed
into bosoms depraved and hardened with
the usages of war. incentives of purity,
peace and good will.
The mental faculty, awakened with
shouts of gladness of approaching day,
sprang from its slumbering couch, inspir
ed and animated with the duties of its
sacred office, and the physical world, awed
and submissive in the presence of a supe
rior, heard and obeyed the mandates of
its new-born master-mind.
The dark clouds of mystery and uncer
tainty that so long pervaded the kingdoms
of earth with an impenetrable gloom, have
disappeared through the untiring efforts
of research and investigation. Rules have
become fixed ; principles have been estab
lished over the remains of erroneous fancy
and false belief ; habit and custom, once
rude and turbulent, are now polished with
system, and shaped with order. Science,
gorgeously arrayed in natural causes and
effects, has played upon the inventive
powers ot man ; and art, vying in useful
ness to economize strength and time, has
reduced to practical application the tested
truths of science, and made smo.ith the
once uneven ways of life. Laws have
been instituted as a guaranty against open
violence and wanton outrage ; Christianity
has been framed in cnfornuty to the dic
tates of conscience, and in accordance
with the command : As ye would that
men should do unto you, do ye even un
to them." Barren wastes and trackless
Wilds converted in grain fields, grazing,
and meadow lands, have amply rewarded
constant diligence with abundant fruitful
ness. Nations have risen in the onward
march with all the pomp and grandeur of
earthly power and glory ; governments
have been erected upon staple founda
tions, resting in the security of their own
capacity, to satisfy the present and future
want ; the ring of anvil and the echo of
the woodman s ax, keeping stroke with
advance of time ; the hum of mills and
manufactories, and the shriek of the iron
horse, laden with the commodities of in
land trade and traffic : the waves of ocean
whitened with the commerce of interna
tional exchange, and a world teeming in
pursuit and possession and overflowing
with prosperity all of these are living
witnesses in behalf of agriculture, as the
first great leading cause of man s gradual
ascendency from the days of barbarism to
his present eminence, in the scale of hu
man excellence, wisdom and power.
We need not go out ot our country to
seek for proofs to substantiate our asser
tions, the Luited States of America, as
an individual power, owes its present
standpoint in the catalogue of nation ; first
to its agricultural resources : secondly to
its mechanical and manufacturing abili
ties ; and thirdly, to the manner in which
its people have dilligently prosecuted the
work ot peaceful pursuit. Agriculture,
through the perserving energy of its de
votees aided by mechanical art in the
economy of labor, has furnished the raw
material for subsistence and apparrel ;
manufacture has reduced its products to
better suit the requirements for home use
and commercial relations, and our landed
system giving to each worthy son of toil a
home, was the crowning act of American
Liberty in framing the bulwarks to public
security, and has been the secret of sue
cess in promoting general welfare and
harmonizing popular .sentiment with con
cord of action and mutual interest, fol
lowed by contentment and that degree of
prosperity unequaled in the records of
other countries where landed monopolies
have been tolerated. Not a century has
glided away into past since the birth of
our Republic, but industry has its record
and the few infant colonies that formed
the constituent parts of the embryo nation
have expanded with gigantic proportions
into noole states ; others have been added
to the list, till now t lie members of tin
great Lnion are scattered over its broad
domains, from the Gulf to the Canadas
and from ocean to ocean. It is an estab
lished axiom, that like causes produce like
effects, and if those we have mentioned
have served so well to make opulent the
people of other States, may not we. in our
endeavors to build up the institutions of
our own, profit by their examples"
Surrounded. as we have been through
out this entire occasion with so manv man
ifestations of industry, skill and good taste
we can arrive at but one conclusion : that
the citizens of Oregon are public spirited
in all that pertains to social improvement
and as improvement, in its every sense
is embodied in the intent of this society
sincerely hope it may remain one of the
leading features ot the Mate
Let the spirit of good feelinsr. that has
existed in this assemblage, prevail on sim
war gatherings of after date, and win!
competition, if honorably executed, will
add to general interest, we trust no unwar
rantable rivalry will be allowed to abate
our ardor, or bar our progress ; but with
a uesire lor mutual advancement, let us
maintain to the last this the Workingmen
order, and when perfection shall follow on
our line of march, then may the purpose
justly demand its object, arid not till then
shall our work be finished. 1 would that
I were better acquainted with the fu;mc
history of Oregon, that 1 niiglrj be able to
draw more correct conclusions m approx
imating the chain of circumstances con
nectod with its growth : but assured
am that some at least, if not manv. of vou
were among its earliest settlers, with vou
recollection of pa.-t experience. brightened
by every day's occurrences, fnllv able t
realize the rapid change which, within :
very limited period, lias come over a par
ot that tract ot country Iving along tl)
western slope of the Rocky Mountains
As the fine that I shall continue to ad
dress vou must necessarily be brief. I shall
now direct my remarks more particularly
to tne present appearance and future pros
pects Ot this Pacific State. Blessed wiih
mild, salubrious climate, its wintets.
al
though some may deem them disagreeable
are admirably suited to the interests of the
stock raising and the farming classes
while its summers would rival those of
me neauuriu Italy. mi a large scope
ot country, embracing 00.000.out) acre
much of which is susceptible of cultiva
tion, and only awaits the mdomitabl
energy and practical skill of the agricul
turist to make fruitful a naturally fertile
soil, with its western borders resting up
on the great Pacific, and two navigable
rivers flowing through and draining a large
portion of arable land, associating it wiih
the ocean trade, and affording a means by
which its productions are accessible to
markets of the outer world ; with fisheries
of almost unlimited extent, and lumbering
facilities of no little value in connection
yvith building purposes: with many good
and lasting water privileges, ready to lend
the motive power in driving the machin
ery of mills, and of vast importance to any
agricultural country ; with iron of a supe
rior quality, and in abundance to more
than supply the home demand in all of the
practical uses to which it is adapted ; gold,
silver and copper added to the list of pre
cious metals abounding in nearly every
range of mountains within its jurisdiction.
With all of these evidences of the most
attractive and choicest of nature's handi
works are yve not justified in expressing
the opinion that the natural resources of
Oregon would bear a favorable compari
son witii many if not all of the old Eastern
States.
Comparatively speaking Oregon is still
in its infancy, yet as wc glance over the
pages of improvement already written in
lier youthful career, the mind is directed
into one channel of thought that our
State assumes a character of permanence
nnd importance commendable of adini.'a
tion in the opinion of her sisters, and en
titling her to the respect of every country
inhabited by the civilized portions of man
kind. All traces of former barbarism are
fast becoming extinct under the auspicious
influence of better society, and the spell
of quietude that but a few years ago rested
upon her landscape from border to bor
der, has been broken by the bustle and
commotion of an industrious people, whose
aim is to walk in the higher roads of life.
Beautiful farms with good substantial
buildings cover the valleys, table-lands,
and hill-sides, yielding rich harvests,
through the skillful management and well
regulated husbandry of their occupants
and owners. Thriving towns and cities
have taken the places of temporary trading
posts ; tanneries, foundries, machine shop?,
and mills of different descriptions have'
been established in many portions of the
State, and are now actively engaged as
sisting other avocations in bringing forth
useful results for private and public good
There is no lack of interest in view to edu
cation, and schools of learning are scat
tered everywhere throughout the land
affording an opportunity tantamount to
the wants of the present voutls in the all
important acquisitions of knowledge
Having but briefly alluded to pome of
the leading characteristics of our State let
us now look to matters for future conoid
eration and action. And as our farmin
interests are invaluable, not onlv with
our present social position, but with the
progress we may hereafter m.ke, I now
ask your attention for a few moments to
that particular. As we have before ob
served, agriculture is the first step to in
dependence and greatness; mechanism
manufacture, and all other pursuits fol
low in the wake of its production
Fellow-farmers, in what I mav sav per
taining to our vocation, I do it, "not" with
a view to dictate or command, but as an
appeal to your own good sense and i'ud.r
ment. Experience hath shown us that
without system there is seldom success
ami this rule is applicable alike to ail
cases wherever man is dependent upon his
own energies for subsistance. The results
of farming are governed more by the pro
cess of tilling than by the amount of land
cultivated. As we look to the soil as the
great source of remuneration, to guard
yyell its properties should receive our first
attention, and to strengthen its capacity
the first object of our thoughts. A suc
cessful farmer will learn aud appreciate
the value of manure ; overtaxation, with
out replenishing the soil, of continued
length will exhaust the most fertile land,
while sterile wastes through artificial
means are made productive, and to apply
fertilizinsr substances to our fields is to
extend their powers and prolong their
fruitfulness. Then let us give to the soil
that which it freely gives to us. and our
reward shall be a hundred fold. Order
should be the basis of our domestic affairs,
and nothing left lor the morrow that should
be done to-day. With all the appurte
nances of the farm neatly limsiied ana
kept in good repair, with a care to com
fort, convenience, and good cneer, wie
farmer will be independent, home will
have its attractions, and life, yvhat it
hould be, a pleasure rather than a bur-
en.
And here we would urtre the necessity
of paying strict regard to the education of
tanners sons and daughters, it is a uuiy
that parents owe their children, and while
thev should be schooled in usefulness anu
an-rht that labor is not dishonorable, they
mav. and should have, the advantages of
hij:
hi v polished manners and well culti-
vated mind
As a crain trrowinsr district. Oregon
presents very flattering prospects, and
promises in the future with remunerative
returns. It should be a matter ol con
crratulation to the irrain growers to know,
that Eastern consumers are paying tribute
to this locality for a part of their bread-
stuffs, f rom reliable source we have in
formation to the effect, that lor some time
past Orcaron flour has commanded the
hurhest once over all other brands in tne
Eastern market. Thus, have we not only
reason to be proud that so soon our ef
forts have resulted in a surplus over and
above yvhat was needed lor home con
amotion, but that a State so young as
ours has nobly won tne enampionsnip
from her sisters, man v of whom are much
her senior and whose chief pursuit has
been collateral with the grain crowing in
terest. There is no danger of this part of
tarmincr beinsr over done, and we trust it
will continue to be one of the leading
avenues of internal wealth. It is also
commendable of the proprietors and man
agers of flouring mills that thev have
spared no pains in producing a superior
article. Stock raising may be pursued
with great advantage here, as we have
many facilities necessary to its encourage
ment and prosperity. .Many inducements
are held forth to attract our attention in
this direction horses are brought into
requisition hourlv. and beef, mutton, and
pork constitute a part of the elements of
subsistance. i et the ultimate success ot
this pursuit pertains no less to quality
than to amount. Taking into considera
tion the expense of keeping arid the pur
poses assigned to each with the results of
sale, the balance greatly weighs in favor
of the superior grades. A lively interest
has been manifested towards the improve
ment of stock in each department, and
those who have engaged in importing the
best class of horses, cattle, sheep and
sw ine, are deserving of great commenda
tion from the rest, and it is also creditable
of the people that they have appreciated
the favor bv replacing the inferior with
the better blood-!.
While each clas.s taken separately, if
placed on exhibition in any part of the
world, would be no discredit to their own
ers. it is a noteworthy instance that Ore
gon has already furnished as fine beeves
ascertLo eyes of man beheld in any
country, i emaps no other enterprise in
the State has received a mot e liberal pat
ronage, or has been ot greater valuetotlu:
inhabitants than that ot stock raising. !so
far we have been aide to answer the
home call, as our markets, filled with a
variety of the choicest of meats will attest,
and the recollection of the countless
droves taken from mir exuberant hills
and prairies to feed the gold hunters of
Caiilornia, the British Possessions, and
those mining regions lying to the east
ward, should serve as a stimulus for the
continuation o! this: one of the most es
sential branches of agricultural pursuits.
Dairying ii a permanent occupation the
world over, and should be attended to
here as well as in other States and coun
tries. Perhaps we have been rather neg
ligent in this respect, as the past would
seem to indicate ; for in many of our mar
kets are to be found the proceeds of Eas
tern dairy farms. Now if the people of
some of the Middle and New England
States, with their rocky hills and frozen
winters of six month's duration, after de
ducting freightage, commission and other
expenses, can make it profitable to fur
nish our tables with butter and cheese,
cannot we. with superior advantages in
soil and climate, well afford not only to
stop this outward flow of money by re
placing articles of dairy coming from
abroad with those of our own production,
but to create an overplus sufficient to
throw the balance of trade upon them?
The question is easily answered, and
awaits only the future for a reply.
Wool-growing is keeping pace with
other undertakings, and as a lucrative
business has few if any equals. The
woolen manufactories now established
near at hand, with a capacity' to work
1.000,000 pounds of wool annually, will
not remain idle for want of material, as
many have already invested m sheep.
Our mineral resources are liable to be
come exhausted, mining stocks may de
preciate and go down, but. the wool-growing
interest shall be as lasting as our State,
and will enhance in value from day to day.
While I have not time to comment fur
ther upon the channels of industry in
cluded in farming operations. 1 suggest
the propriety that each department should
be well represented. Let our labor be
be divided, and each work so proportioned
that wherever or whenever a demand may
occur we may be ready to answer the call.
The Oswego Iron Works, now engaged
in manufacturing iron from the ore, isle
scrving of our notice, and will render
maferial aid in carrying out some of the
measures of home economy. The ener
getic spirit manifested by transportation
companies and other private and public
enterprises before mentioned, speak highly
in favor of the wealthy class ; that the capi
talists are not idle while the masses yvork.
Oregon still holds out inducements to call
immigration hither, for although a majority
of" the best lands in point of 'fertility and
location are now owned and occupie'd.yet
thousands of acres yvith greater facilities
for farming purposes than blessed New
Englanders in early times are lying idle
without an owner. And should 'thefloat
mg population of the East, attracted to
our shores, choose to cast their lot amotio
ns, share our toils, and mingle their for
tunes with ours in one common er.use of
advancement, let the hand of welcome ex
tend them a kindly greeting, and aNt
them in acqu'ring that which is the most
valuable of earthly treasures, a home
True, competition will follow immigration
but we have greater reason to court com
petition than to fear it.
While much has been done to establish
upon a firm foundation the superstructure
ot this young but very promising State of
the I acilic. what Las been thus far wit
nessed is but the opening chapter of a
greater result, nobler victories and more
brilliant achievements of peaceful con
quest and acquisition await us, and a
brighter era than has ever blazed upon
this, part of our common country is vet to
dawn. The project for a Pacific railroad
which has been the theme of much remark
speculation and discussion among all
classes of Americans, seems to be no
onger a creature of fancy and delusion
but a matter of fact, a reality that is to be!
I wo distinct lines are now marked out by
which the Atlantic is to be bound to the
Pacific with iron rails, and soon will he
eyes of a world behold the untold and in
exhaustible wealth of our Pacific Posses
sions. I re many years hence the central
and northern routes, the former pointing
out San Francisco as its place of destina
tion, and the latter terminating at Puget
Sound, yvill be completed and open for
travel, and then shall another pass through
the heart of our State connecting the two
main trunks and known as the Oregon
Central Railroad.
The far seeing of Europe have pro
claimed America to be the connecting link
between their own country and that of
Asia, and the best business and commercial
author ties have determined mac ai some
future period not far distant, the Asiatic
trade will cross the American comment.
The Northern Pacific as the shortest and
most feasible route will be the mam thor
oughfare for the commerce of our oyvn as
r-. ... r .1. T- -
well as that oi some oi uie rJuiojeau na
tions : and at its western terminus as the
center of trade, the great business empori
ums for reshipment and commutation, an
other New York shall adorn our shores
not a hundred miles distant from our
borders.
Then shall the laborer be worthy of his
hire ; our markets increased a hundred
fold shall be ready for the reception of
all our products, and yvith our agricul
tural, manufacturing, mechanical and
mineral resources and advantages, we may
siti'r a song cd'ease and plenty and bid de
fiance to a world of competition. W ith
new interests awakened and immigration
cominnr from every direction, our now va
cant lands shall then teem in bounteous
fruitfulness, and Oregon soon will be sec
ond to none, but a compeer yvith any of
the States of the Union.
There is still another law of progression
which years ago sages and seers foretold
and prophets foresaw in holy vision, but is
now only prospective with tho immigra
tion. That time when the sword shall be
beaten into the ploughshare, the spear into
the pruning hook, and all the nations fra
ternized in one united brotherhood shall
learn war no more. That time when uni
versal peace, love and goodwill shall reign
on earth supreme, and every one shall sit
under his own vine and fig tree with none
to molest or make him afraid.
TKLEtiHAPIUC .EAVS.
We take the following telegraphic Dews
from dispatches to the Urfjoninn.
The braid's Richmond says the greatest
excitement since secession in irgima.
now prevails over the recent northern
elections. It is confidently expected that
while the current of reconstruction will
not be changed, many asserts that the con
servatives will carry the Convention in
the election on the 22d inst. The negroes
are denouncing Hnnnicut as the author of
all their misfortunes, by his extreme ultra
doctrines.
Affairs in Italy have a very grave as
pect. There is a general belief that the
whole nation will follow Garibaldi in his
effort to restore Rome to Italy and that
ictor Emanuel wilt soon pass the
Roman frontier and proclaim Rome a
part of the Kingdom.
It is believed that the plates for the
counterfeit lond3 were-engraved in Eng
land. About S70.000 of 'them were re
deemed at the Treasury before the charac
ter of the bonds were discovered. There
is said to be a fair prospect of the capture
of the counterfeiters.
The Urnes says editorially that the re
cent elections are not an indorsement of
the President's policy ; that the Democrats
utterly repudiate him and haven ) part in
his policy or bis fight with the Republi
cans. Two men have been sentenced in the
l'nited States Court to ten years in the
Penitentiary for maltreating negroes.
This is the first conviction under the Civil
Rights Bill in Kentucky.
A New York dispatch of the 1 3th. says
"Meyer, who was brought back from ;;an
Francisco for embezzlement, has to-day
been convicted."' No mention is made of
his gal.
The Fenian alarm continue-
mx sus-
peeted persons have Iteen arrested in
Liverpool. A rising is feared in Limerick,
for which precautions have been taken to
prevent.
The North German Gazelle, which is
supposed to reflect the views of Bismarck,
says it is firmly convinced of the sincerity
of Napoleon's desire for peace.
Negotiations are still pending between
Johnson and parties in New York to heat
the Democratic quarrel there existing.
The result is a doubtful matter.
It is reported that Napoleon complains
of the delay of Austria in completing the
military reorganization of the Empire.
Intelligence from China says the rebels
are meeting with success and seriously
threaten Pekin.
Three iron clads have been dispatched
to the Irish coast.
Pktkoi.kvm kok Co.u.. The experiments
making in ibis country and Europe to test
the feasibility of substituting crude pe
troleum for coal, as fuel, for generating
steam, very naturally attracts the attention
of scientific and business men. The Brit
ish and French Governments have made
liberal appropriations for this new devel
opment of science, and thus far the efforts
to utilize earth oil as a motive power,
have been attended yvith a fair degree of
success. On the other side of the Conti
nent, the greatest measure of success at
tained seems to have been in Boston and
Cincinnati. In the former city the U. S.
gunboat Palos has adopted petroleum in
stead of coal, and on one of her trial trips,
it is stated, that she was driven very much
faster than she had ever been with coal
used with the greatest freedom. And this
experiment, says the New York Shipping
List, was fully equaled in a recent test at
Cincinnati, where a small steamer under a
uniform pressure of one hundred and
twenty pounds, made more than the aver
age rate of speed with coal, during a trip
of some twelve hours' duration.
Por.Ti.A.n Bkanch Railroad. A gen
tleman from Hillsboro says the Tualatin
Plains, with Yamhill, Folk and Benton
counties, yvill subscribe $-100,000 fr Gas
ton's central railroad ; that this amount
will build the first section of twenty miles ;
that they are going to make the northern
terminus at the foot of the Willamette
slough, and leave Portland "out in the
wet ;" and if Portland wants any interest
in the road, she 7nnst build a branch. We
call that pretty good. Wake up Sammy !
says the Oregonian.
Ciiixk.sk Yam. Mr. Huntingdon of Sa
lem, is cultivating the Chinese yam. It
is highly spoken of as a very delicate and
excellent article of food. Mr. Huntington
is confident it can be cultivated to good
advantage in Oregon, and if so it may
add a very valuable article to our agricul
tural products.
Lixx Colntv. The total assessment for
1SG7 in Linn county, as we learn from
the Journal, is returned at S2.99(J,22fi. A
tax of 13 mills was levied. The expenses
of the county last fiscal year were about
$18,000. The municipality of Albany is
assessed at $G00.O00.
Reviving. On Monday last it is safe to
say that not less than one hundred and
twenty-five wagon loads of produce were
unloaded in Portland. Every day this
week, from 20 to 50 teams have passed
through this city, yvith immigrants, pro
duce, or freight.
Defunct. The Southern Oregon Press
has gone up the spout.
Weekly Commercial Review.
Enterprise Office, )
Oregon City, Oct. ISth, 18C7.
Commenting upon the condition of the
San Francisco Market on the 2Gth of Sep
tember, the California Farmer says : Our
Grain and Produce markets present points
of interest this week. The disposition to
depress our market rates of wheat, the lat
ter part of last week, lias proved a failure.
It caused Inactivity for a few days. Hol
ders saw the object and declined to accede
to buyers views. The market has now
regained its firmness and tone. More ton
nage has been secured and at less rates
than have ruled, which argues favorable
for a further advance in wheat and flour.
The inauguration of a Corn Exchange in
this city, is now a fixed fact an institu
tion of life, (very much to the discom
fiture of those yvho have worked to con
trol and dictate prices prejudicial to the
interest of the producer.) Buyers and
sellers daily meet cn 'Change, face to face?
and transact their business. No private
office, or hired agents to canvass the coun
try, yvill long be required, and judging
from the manner in which business has
been commenced, this neyv feature here
bids fair to be a success, and an advantage
to the great majority. Our shipments of
wheat the past week, were 121,fi0G 100 lb
sks, and 0.181 5 bbls flour. There are
now known to be engaged 2 1 vessels, of a
tonage of 19.G1G tons. 11 of which will
load entirely with wheat for England.
Those going to New York, Boston, Hong
kong, etc., etc., will take liberal supplies
of wheat and flour. New markets are
continually opening io its ami demand
rapidly increasing. Oar receipts of wheat
alone, from July 1st to date, have been
near 3,000,000 100 lb sks nearly 1 50,000
tons, and about 100.000 tons have been
shipped, yvhich has added millions of dol
lars to the wealth of our State. The
quantity yet in the hands of farmers is
large, but not enough to cause any un
easiness ; it will all be wanted at good
prices.
From the New York CuUicator we glean
the following views of the grain crop :
"The production of the country will ex
ceed that of last year. Fifty correspon
dents write unfavorably, but ninety write
otherwise. Twenty five per cent, increase
may be taken as as;ured; say ISO as
against 1 V.i millions of bushels last year."'
1 t is claimed that there is 110 stock on
hand from last year. Never was it so
closely sold out. Taking vAm into account
the increased influx "f immigration and
the natural increase- of population, it is
concluded that the surplus for export will
be no greater than last year, when it was
unusually small. A steady falling off in
the production is shown from 13(1 millions
in 1-SG2 to 1 1 II millions in l;-(. This fall
ing off is referred to the diminished area
sown for want of hands, to a steady and
manifest reduction of the yield per acre
from exhaustion of the soil, and from the
substitution in many Western States of
spring sowing instead of winter. This
change appears to have extended largely
in Illinois, Wisconsin. Iowa, an 1 Minn j
sofa. Il may not be generally known
that in Pennsylvania and New York the
soil has ceased to grow wheat as formerly.
The vallev of the Genessee and the bot-
! j0!n5 of t!:e Susq-iehanah. once so
ci
.1...
brated for fme wheat, do not now produce
half their former yield under equal culti
vation. In Ohio, also, this dying off of
wheat lias become so notable that wheat
is no longer its leading staple.
How liti'e the farmers of the At
lantic States know of this as a wheat land.
The day they find out. the facility of rais
ing it here, there will be inaugurated a
general exodus from a hard climate and
scanty means of life, to this, our land of
big crops and easy production.
The state of the foreign markets Is pro
ducing an important effect upon the grain
holders of the interior of California. The
Marysvillo papers state :
, Many of the farmers iu Yuba and Sut
ter Counties have stacked their grain in
ricks, and are covering them with the in
tention of holding it until prices are higher.
This is foolish. Two years ago crops
were plentiful, and even one year ago.
Prices were low. and farmers grumbled
and complained they could not make
money. This year crops are fair and the
present prices are high, very high, and
pay a handsome profit to the producer.
Our farmers can expect but little advance
on present prices and are certainly fool
ish to wait lor a raise. Any possible rise
in price will not cover the loss sustained
by the ravages. Thrash your grain and
bring it to market while good roads and
remunerative prices may both aid yon, for
it is quite probable you may wait longer
to fare worse.
We quo !e;
FLOUR Imperial, Standard, Monitor,
brands $( 50(-V S7 00 bbl., in 4 sacks;
outside brands $5 00( S5 50.
WHEAT In demand at $1 10(?:$1 15
bushel, with an active upward tendency.
OATS The demand is about equal to
the supply, at 35or 37r'o.
CORN M EAL $2 f.o?v$3"H cwt.
VKlvH i:i-,.ii.i.l 5-,
$25 i ton : Middlings
$2or--?25 ; Bran $12
FRUIT Green Apples "jbx 25(50 c: j
Dried Apples lb C(,8c.; Dried Peaches j
20c; Plums -J0c j
We understand that two principal buy- ;
ers are offering from 25 to -tOc. i box for I
green fruit, hence our quotations may be
considered rather over than under the cur
rent rates. It is a singular fact, that while
Oregon is abundantly able to supply all
demands in the line of dried fruit, espec
ially, we are dependant upon importations
for our principal use.
CURED MEAT Bacon r" lb 13cr",llc;
Hams lb lh,18c; Shoulders 7(,8c.
LARD In kegs 10 c; tins 15c
EGGS 22c. V doz.
BUTTER Ordinary to prime ! lb 25
:10c.
POULTRY Chickens r doz $2 50(7? 3;
tame Ducks 75c. pair : tame Geese $"2 50
pair; Turkeys $2 50(f-$: t) pair.
GAME Grouse 50e. f pair, or $3 j,
doz.: Pheasants. tOc pair, or $2 doz.
VEGETABLES Potatoes cl bu. 25 eta
Onions 100 lbs $1 50$2.; Beanscn00
lbs $3 5u$l.
HIDES Salted 1 lb4J5c; dry S10.
ror.Ti.ANo rr.K-KS.
Trade in Portland has been fair during
the week. The rush of grain by teams,
owing to the advance, has been unprece
dented. We quote :
Flour Ranging from $6 00 to $7 00
barrel.
Wheat Lois offered here are taken at
SI 20 to $1 25 "tl bushel.
Bacon Sides. 910c; hams, 17.l$c:
shoulders, (;7c; Slock abundant, demand
light.
Lard In tins. 10J(7?,llc; Kegs. 10c
Butter Packed solid. 10 and 12c. In
brine, choice, 20 and 25c. Isthmus, 30
to 38 ic.
Eggs In good demand at 33c. rv) doz.
Dried Fruits Apples, packed in new 5
bbls 10c; Peaches, 12Ac and 13c; Plums,
2025c
Sugar Islands, 12j13c; SanFrancis
co C, 141!5c..; Cruehed, in bbls.. 16Ac;
nan Dbis., tic.
Syrup Heavy
81(?S7c : Island.
Golden, best 1,rm,i
in'bbls., 35c. Uran(J
Rice-
-Hawaiian, 10
Ct
'toa, No. i,
7c.
Coffee Java. 27c ; Rio. but lhu
market, 22c ; Costa Rica. 23c le 10
Fish Salmon, bbls. $9 00; half in
$5 00; Mackerel. $14 ; kits.' 3 50 S'
nsn. luc. Vi '
Salt Carmen Island 100 lb sks rn
ury 50 lb. sks. $32 50 ; best iCv in,!
Dairy
lb. sks
10c ; 3 lb. sks. Sc. ' " ' lb' s
SAX FUAXCISCO rillCKS.
The following is the latest San Fr-
, . p) u 1 ran"
Cisco dispatch : w
Sas Francisco Oct. 17th.-Flor-ew
ork telegrams of to-day quote Californi
Hour at $13 75, and wheat at $3 20
Liverpool wheat market yesterday r
for California yvhite. Flour we aunt
..... s . v , i. ; qrs 7 2521
7 IO ; extra $7 75(V.8 ; qrs '$j 25.
Wheat In view" of the proximity 0f
steamer day, and a very general effort to
check advancing prices, the market teD
parently at a dead lock. Leading ship
pers are no longer purchasing in tbVciw
though it is currently reported and pe'n'
orally believed that they are purchasing ia
the interior at $2 50 and upwards. Th
millers are also standing aloof, beinir tem
porarily supplied. The receipts" have
sdddenly fallen off over) per cent., ag
gregating for the twenty-four hours, en
ing to-day noon, only about ten thousand
sacks. This decrease of course is but
temporary, and is the effect of the advanc
ing condition of the market. In the pres
ent unsettled condition of the market,
prices have of course assumed a wi.
range, say $2 25(2 C5 for ordinary" to
choice.
Barley We quote the market at $1 79
(if. I .SO for new feed, aad brewiag at
is! S5.s. 1 95 for old.
Oats Small sales wiihin the range
$1 t)0(Tt;l
Potatoes Mission $1 C2, l 75.
The receipts of wheat this season hve
been unusually large. Valparaiso dates
to the 3d ult., quote wheat at $.1 75 lj;,
lbs. and flour at $3 "Jti f) 100 hs. De
mand confined to local trade.
Ridks Tnuuccii Montana. We have
read with interest the first paper, and
(under the melancholy circumstances)
the last, in llirpT, underlie above head
ing, written by Gen. Thomas F. Meagher,
late acting Governor of Montana, who&e
death has already been noted. We regret
that the world is derpived of tW succeed
ing chapters of the proposed papers. The
General took the longest and pleasantest
way of gt-ttiis-g iiito Montana from New
York Clry. which he says " is the shortest
ai'ter all' from New York to Sun Fran
cisco via Nicaragua, thence by sea to.
Portland. Oregon, thence up the Colum-
! bia. and via Pen I) Orielle Lake. Lit
tle thought he. on leaving Cabinet Land
ing. " tlroasniag a day-dream of the golden
days in store for- hiia among the treasure
veined mountains of Montana,"' of the
brief time allotted to him on earth. Hi
account of the Pen D' Orielle route b
very readable, truthful, and deservingly
bestowed.
Thk Lvrii Fjj--..tions. The result of
the elections in Ohio, and Pennsylvania are
very satisfactory to everybody. The
Democrats feel jubilant to know that their
party came so near beating- the Republi
cens. and the latter are only too thankful
that they were not totally routed. The
Democrats elected a supreme .b,;dge in
Pennsylvania -the only officer chosen
gained a few members of the Legislature
in Iowa, and'a Senator the United
States for Ohio. The Governor elect of
Ohio is a Republican.
Sat.i: ok Stock. On next Saturday there
will be a sale at auction of the celebrated
horses of Mr. Gamble-, near Fair Oaks
Statio?.. on t'se San Jose (Cal.) Railroad.
Six thorough bred horses, four pacinf
mares among them UrJ.-noicn. the wond-r
of the turf, for which he was offered
$19,000, and Pocahontas, said to be able
to pace half a mile faster t&as anything
living. Then there are five trotters, be
sides two PTrendid stallions, colts.
etc.
The sale wil! create a great deal of interest
Re 'ONSTurcTKo. Col. Gilbert, tried hv
court martial for suppressing newspSfere
in Arkansas and justifying himself on the
ground that the military arc- masters (f
the Southern people, has been sentenced
to pay a fine of five thousand dollars and
be reduced to the rank of Capta'at
Bay View Park. An old Orronian.
Capt. J. O. Van Bergeft has talten the
above place of resort near San Francisco,
and put the track in order, with the ex
pectation of giving a series of races thi
fall.
or at any rate to have rt for visa-
ors to the place to try their hors on.
,
Steerage M a rr k irs. T he Soi.taern
journals are ivianimous in the opinion thatf
the reconstruction policy of Con?re?
will be modified in consequence of the
late elections, and negro suffrage left out.
Northern men tend to the same opinion.
Vaixanok.ham The Democrats of
Oiiio will run Vallandigham foOtIje
! Senate.
Splits. Split tickets arc all (tjjegfl "
Virginia. Both parties havedpu ticket
in the field.
Repciu.ican. The Legislature of renn'
svlvania is Republican the House being
51 to -4 ; Senate 20 to 10.
Sew Advertisements.
RETAIL gp-EALER IN
SCHOOL BOOKS
AND
STATIONERY !
Has removed into a LARGER STORE, in
MASONIC BUILD1XG,
Where he will be pleased to wait upon , his
old customers and as many new ones as
patronize him. , .n(!r
In addition to the above, f.
received a WELL SKLEClEU AW0M
MENT of . ,
J'erfumery and Cosmetics !
wh ich are offered for sale at reasonable r
Oregon Citv. Oct. It'll),
Notice.
rV0 HENRY G. WEI'.STER ' J0 ,)h(
1 BOURNE: The Commissioner o
General Land Office haying "'t;on of
date of Sept. S. 1SI,. garter ot
James L. Daly upon the N 1 ved
Sec. 5, T. 2, S. It. I.E. , tract,
and a patent issued in his fa or jr. f(J
and that your respective claims d
should be cancelled : o.. hvs from
that vou will be allowed rtr
service hereof in which to appeal
decision if you desire to do 0ciobcP
Lund Oilicc, Oiegon Lit), urecu
15tii, 1S
OWEN WADE. R?is'rir.
52At
1 i
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