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3
now prepared tojattack Corinth. It was
with I'll tlosljrtftha: Grant' army was
ont tip tlin TcnncMcp, nml cncainjicd at
Bhlloli. But llio rebels did not wait to bo
attacked. They advanced tlienisclvci,
with tho bold and Jtullclou4 design of beat,
lug tliu nrniy nt 8I1II0I1. and ilicn of march.
Ing northward, regaining all tlio ground
Ihiiy hud lot, and reiallatlng by an Inva.
"Ion or tho States north or liio Uliio.
Tills hardy attempt was well nlgh euc
cewful. Tlio night beroro tho battle of
Bhllnli, Ilenuresard, as tho rebol council of
war separated, had proplieslcd: "Tomor.
row night wo sleep In tho enemy's
Cttlllll."
When tho rebels llrst attacked, Orunt
was at Biivnnuah, soven miles down thu
rWer. Hislcn'ng back, ha was on tho
flijd nt tho earliest poislblo moment, and
did wliatover could bo dono lowlihstand
tho troincndouii force of the rebel udvauco.
When Iluull came upon tho Held toward
night, tlm aspect of uir.ilrs to struck him
that IiIh flrst Inquiry of Oraut was, wat
pteparallons ho had made for retreat.
"I Imvo not despaired of whipping them
yet." was tho thoroughly charactoiUtlc
reply. One account ndds, that when Iluell
urged that n pnulent general ought to pro.
y du for pliabilities ot defeat, and repeated
his Inquiry, Grant pointed to his transports
?.",'! "!'.' "Won't you sso tliow boats r"
"Yes," cald Uuell, "but they will not
carry nioru than ton thouiauU mon, and
wo have moro tliau tlilriy tliousaud."
"Well," returned Orant, "ton thousand
aro moro than I Intend to rcireat with."
Tho consequence of Bhlluh was, tho
withdrawal of tlio rebels from their occoud
lino of defi)nsc, by their evacuation ofCor
Inlli on tho aOth of Slay, seven weeks alter,
wards, tho disappointment both of their
great plan of a northern invas.on and of
thclrsecondaryplinof holding the Mem.
phis and Charleston Hillroad line, and tho
opening of all Tonncwee, uud tho Nnalh of
Jltalsiippl and Alaliima, to tho Union
forces; tlio opening uf tlio Mississippi rlvor
from Memphis down loVlcksburg; tlio sub.
sequent movement which reaultcilln tlio bat.
tIeofMulfreesboroaudlliosecuringorCh.it.
tanoogaon tho east; and tho series of efforts
which cmmluatcd In tho capture of Vlclts.
burg 011 tho west. In short, this battlo
nuns l,ho Itebclllon, In tlio Valley of tho
MlMissippI, luto a defenslvu posiuro out of
which it never escaped during thu remain,
dor of tho war.
A few d ly after tho proclamation which
gavo freedom to tho slaves, General Grant
expressed hi concurrence in It after his
sober fashion, by a dry phr in a general
order on tho subject of organising colored
regiments. "It u expected," lie says,
'that all commanders will especially exert
themselves lu carrying out tho policy of
the administration, not only In orL'aulilu"
colored regiments, and rendering new
effective, but also in removing prcjrdii;
agiinrt them."
Vlckshurg and Tort Iliidion woro now
tlio only remaining two or that series of
positions, most or them really Impregnable
Irom the river, by which tho rehcla had
throttled tho great artery of western com.
mcrcc.
His previous career niturolly enough
pointed nut Grant lor the command of the
Vlcksburg campaign; nml tho event showed
that his ubmiluto inability to let go where he
had once taken hold, his luovl'.ablo coutln
uenco in hammering nt Ids object, woro ex.
actly tho qultllci needed.
For n llttln while, General Ilalleclt Iitm.
self came mid commanded luierHonnganst
Corinth, General Qrunt bclug second fn
command.
Hallcck being appointed GonoroMn.
Chief, Grant remain d in command of thu
Army of the Tennessee, and of tho mill
tary dlstrkuor Cairo, WeUTennesteo awl
Mississippi. Tho rob ds Knew nswell as
ho tli it his face was set steadfastly towards
Vlcksburg; uud to begin with, thoy at.
tacked his troops nt Corinth nud Iuka in
great Toico and wills tremondnus rury, In
order to break up his plans. At both place
they wer however defeated. In October,
the rebel Genu ul Poiuborlou was placed
n command in Northern Miulsslppl, nad
in tho last two months or 180J, took place
Grant a first attempt against Vlcksburg.
rho plaeo had already been attacked lv
the two powerful flcoia or Tarragut ani
D.ivl, during suventy dyi, from, tho pre
ecu ng May lBth to July 27lh ; but though
2.1.00U shot nndidiell had been thrown lutolt
not ono gun had hccndlsmoiut' d, nndonly
seven men wcro hilled nnd fifteen woun.
(led; n result which showed plainly onouch
how tho place was to bo taken If at all.
Grant'H movement was to ha by land
southward from hid post at Corinth, direct
lyut Pemborton; whllo Sherman was t
pot footing it prwtblo close to Vlcksburs.
..'u'?." ,'rout'' '"' l.pot of iuppl?R
nt Holly Bprlngs. midway in his progfess,
brolco tfown his part or the plan, and TeuT.
bcrton then relnlorclng Vlcksburg, repuls.
ed Hhorman and hrotw down tho rest of It
Grant uow establlslied his head.quarter
nt MemphU, .lanniiy 10th, I80J, and
moved his urmy towards Ida goal by water
On tlw 2d of Fobru try, ho reached fi?,
Point, a little above tlio ciiyj his armv
just kqvS ihVK "ni1 0l Mm""a' nd,
Hispurposawasono; to cot his armv
across to tho Vlcksburg side and houc0"o
P ojecu ohls attack. First ho tried a canal
u?v 'i'8,n,ck "L",Q vcrpjnlnjulaowo
I 0 yicbutirg. Tlirough this, if ho could
M? lvu c,r ,0 rtCC,,"t ns now bed, 1 "
could lake Ids forces below tho city, out oF
floo.1 burst into the uallnUhoJ .canal and
drowned out tho phm. TUcu.ho tried It
clear out a longer water route to do tho
samo thing, through n string of bayous and
riven back In tho Louisiana swamps. A
fall lu tint river brnko up this plan, as 11
riso had donn that before it. Then hn tried
u longer route of the samo sort, beginning
at I-nlio I'rovldcnco, scveuly.flvu miles
nortli of Vickthurg, but it was found tin.
practicable. Tbmi resorting to tho cant
side or tho Mississippi, ho scut a navnl ex.
,edltlon to try to peuutrnto Yhzoo Pass, and
thencu through tho iucnncclvnblo tnnplo
ortho Yazoo Bwnmps nud their rivers, to
got behind tho outer rebel dofencefl north
of VickHburg, and so tnalo 11 lodgment.
Uut this plan wan checkmated by thu hasty
erection In the heart of thu swamp region,
at tho Junction of tho Tallahachlo nnd
Yaroo rivers, of a powcrlul fort, which tho
fleet tried lu vain to silence. Then ho sent
another fleet to try unothar part of thu same
monstrous tangle, by way of tho ISIg Bun
flower river, but that effort miscarried much
ns tho preceding ono did.
Tho obstinate commander had now tried
six assaults upon Ills prey, nnd had linen
busily Nothing t his failures for nearly
four months. Mnrch 20th, 1803, ho set his
forces In motion fur the seventh nnd sue
cosful uffurt. This wus by what ho had
in fact recognized from thu beginning as
the best lino of operation by tho south.
It was however also tho most dllllcult.
As one of the lilstotlaiiH nf tlio war observes,
a measure of thu dlfllcultles offered is given
by thufiicttliat Gen. W. T. Sherman wiib not
disposed to advise It. The tnimu writer
adds. It can outy be said that there wus
that in tho composition of General Grant'H
mind that prompted him to undcrtaku tliut
which no onoclso would liavn adventured."
Oolouel arioreon's cavalry forcu m
now launched down from Tennessee to go
tearing llimugh tho wholo interior of Mis.
tisslppl, nnd thoioughly frighten nil its
people, whllo ho should break up, as ho
circuited fur around Vickburg, as many as
possible of tho railroads, bridges, and other
moans or communication, leading Irom tho
city back into tho couutry, or Irom ono part
of tho Btato to nnothor. Grnnt'Bown troops
moved down the river a total distance of
sevonty.flve miles. The fleet nnd transports
ran thu butteries nnd ferried the army across
at Brulusburg; Grunt moved at ouce three
miles Inland, and May 1st, beat General
llowcn ut Port Gibson. Then ho moved
eastward, diovu Johnston out of Jackson,
an important centre for railroad lines, ami
broke up all tlio communications in tho
neighborhood ; thou turning short about,
ho approached Vlcksburg by forced
marches ; on May 10th. met Pomborton nt
Otminplun Ilillsniulilofoatcdlilm; follow
ed hint shin ply up, forced tlio pissugo of
tho JJig IJlack, diove Pcmberton Into tho
city, and on May 10th had formed his Hues
of attack, Alter a vigorous slcgo, wh so
progress attracted the attentlou of the
Badtk1jB Al!1tMAlf mmnmAAE1 mMAA mm
Will lift U1T111Z.CII TV! II llLaHHW III BO m
derod with 27,000 men, 31 Ja1jrtX
'rim wimiA tiiimiMtrni nriinnnnniAH
rrtianirif tlm MlftttiMinnl wm A7tVM fk
...A 1fel a m.mmv mtmm A 4toAAl I It A mAmmlmimM
cut tho rebellion In two, and mimU
nut of tho question for the rtlxli to Mi
tho Mississippi valley.
flimnrnl Orntit'i commlMlos It Ella
general in tho regular arm u di
July 4, 1803, me nay or we occupura
Vlel'ilinnr. Tn tlio mceeedlnr OctoUrt
was placed in coniiiiniidoftuoircit,'l&
tnry Division of the MImImIppV' wM
or tlio tnrco "uepartmenu-ni m v
!. n.,iKflnil nnrl Iha TennMKf.lK
Including the comnwil of few mt
nrmln. Ids own. Ilitoker's. sna twe
tho Cumberland and the Ohio.
n...Hi .n.l vlolnrr wl that fllCall
nooga, Novcmlwr2 1803, which rsbi
tlally repaired the III effects of llw dffaMj
Itosecrans at Ohlcksmauja. wl.,J
1110 t)ossossion 01 mid i"uiii' -j
which, In the nt spring, Blumou1
on Ins way to Atlanta. .
11. '1. ml, 11)111 flrnnt wllL'XU
..1 r. . nnM..al anil nUrAlntCa
ten tiiuuicnoiuuuuni,- r-rz r,ji
mnndof all the stmlcs oUbe M
ThoUnlon armies, ns Grant Utsrif g
nlready remarM; .(bWs dn ' T. J
hitherto "acted ldira ,;
out concert, lino uam.j .i
.1 t .. ...11 tiiMMf.
UiOJW unuitBiWv 7i .kfl first l
was the uattie 01 i ji ?Z": ..
after six days ta
AV,iHhlncton tho .sch wW "
wlththoVlmreriarkflJPX;
it out on iws itno w, n "-,73 iMto,,
Bpottsylvnnta followed, nwCW'TC
tho Investment of WMft "ig
ong series or "'."liViih
ments and battle which ende wtu
surrender of Lee and tho explosion of
wore furnished In eonwoflon wwj-j,
cupancy of the Wor P"'""'
removal of Bherldsn. W 25
thopositlou 01 "". iuryBu
ttllor the usnenttou of Becreu rj
iu August, 1807, nl'Uough cttuo
BomoHepublcannowspH --
e Mr HiUton. sad With ft 'B '.W
hutho conlrol of that wf";.a
:L' .... V... ,i. Mneflt of the loyal IV
Tho"counr When In mI
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