r
v.
4 -
VOL. II.
A
HILLtBORO, WAfcH NGTON COUNTY. OREGON, THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1075.
NO. 40.
44
0 -V
I
I
THE INDEPEK3EJT.
muuoo AT
Ollxbere
Oregon
Editer and Proprietor.
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AOCSTAT PORTLAND, OTJEGON L.
Sahvsls.
AGENT AT SAN FRANCISCO L.T.Fisn
a. rooms 20 A Sl.Merchant'sExehunge
California street.
AGENTS AT NEW YORK CITY S. M.
F rrniifoti.1, A Co., 37 Park Rw. cor.
Boatman t.-GEO. P. Eoweia & Co.,
t II Park Row.
AT ST. LOUIS Itnwjxixt
CnsmiA!, Cor. Third and Chestnut Sts.
CvaitESPONDENTS. All commnni
rttions intended for insertion in Thk
1difKX dbst mnst be- anthentirated ly
fx name and address of the writer -
t necessarily for publication, Imt as a
guaranty of good faith.
' ' C7FICE In Hillhoro in the old Court
2Ojso fcnilding on the Public Square.
PTtcSfTSIONAIi CARDS.
joiiv vrrn, i.,
Physician and Surgeon.
X21IXSB0R0, ... OREU .
XBpial atUntio gUtn l- DKFOi: MI
TIES; ei cnnoxic ulceus.
I 07FICE Main street Ilillsboro. Oregon.
F. A. B A I LEY, 31. D.
Thjticlan, Surgeon and 'Accoucheur
ini LSEOBO, - - - - - OREGON
OFFICE at the Drug Store.
BKSIDENCE Three
Drag Store.
Blocks
South of
nl:yl
WILSON BOWLBY, M. D.
Physician and Surgeon,
FOREST GROVE, .... CREISOX.
I JCFICE-J-At his Residence, West of
TOnWn4 Planing Mills. n49: j
XT. II. SAYLOR, M. D.,
Physician and Surgeon.
T0ItE3T GROVE. - - - - OREGON
OFFICE At the Drnsr Store.
It ESIDENCE Corner Second Block south
f ftao Dns Store. m22:ly
Om H DtTBHAM ,
H. Y. Thompson-
District Attorney.
Durham & Thompson,
J T T OltNE YS-AT-L A
W
No.
PORTLAND,
109 First Street,
OREHOX.
. A. BAXjI.
KALKIGH STOTT.
BALL &. STOTT,
A XT ORNEYS.AT-LAW,
PATENTS OBTAINED.
No. 6 Deknm'a Block,
PORTLAND, CREGON. n8 ly
ffOftX CXtlXX. - KVLLTS
Catlln . Killin,
'A TTORNEYS AND K CO UNSEL O R
AT LAW.
Dalram'a Building, First Street,
' 7 PORTLAND, OREGON.
THOXXAS H. TONGUE.
Attorney -at-Law,'
HiEfboro, Washington County, Oregon.
JAHES WITHYCOHBE,
VEtERINAB r S UBGEOX,
HILLSBOBO, - - 1 OREGON.
be at the Oregon Li very atabea,
Comer of , Morrison and lint burets,
Portland, every Friday.
KHIOJIANDA FOR BUTTER MAKERS.
'I I have been making butter for the
last three months, and experiment-
ing. I scald the milk and nkini
about once in 24 hours. I should
judge the milk-room temperature to
be 60 , as it connects with the
kitchen, and when I am not cooking
I leave the door open, which makes
the room quite warm. When I
churn I scald the churn and put in
the cream while the churn is warm,
and leave it near tie stove for per
haps an hour. The butter comes in
from seven or eight to 30 minutes.
After drawing off the buttermilk I
work out what is left in the butter
with mj hands until the butter seems
waxj and hardly any moisture can
bo perceived on the bowl beneath
the butter; but, in spite of this, on
the second day after the churning I
frequently find white streaks in the
butter. Is this occasioned by salt,
or is it buttermilk? I generally put
an ounce of salt to a pound of but
ter, and work it all in after the but
termilk is excluded. Should I do
this, or reserve a part and add it J
when I wrork over the butter the sec- !
ond time? What kind of calt do j
yoa consider best for dairy, use? I
send my butter in 10 pounds firkins
to a firm in Boston, but am not sure
that I prepare them properly. I
have tried soakinpr them several
hours in scalding brinp, and am now
trying soda-water. How thould they
be treated? I find a difficult v iugt t-
ting the layers packed closely and
smoothly. Do j cu put salt in the
bottom of each firkin aud
between
the layers as well as on tLe top? . I
enclose a small portion of something
that was given me purporting to be
an English preparation for coloring
butier andcheesa. I don't dare to
use it, for I don't know what it is or j in a quartz or more of hot water,
what propoition to use. Did you ! pulsing into the water as much pot
ever see it? I color now with carrot ! ash as annatto. It will take some
juice. Crn von recommend anv- !
thing bettci? Pardon my long list
of questions; but my heart is in the
work, and I want to do every
thing just right. Mrs. S. F. 15.,
Kockville, Mass.
Answer by Prof. L. B. Arnold.
Your mctLod up to the time of er.
tracting the buttermilk is well
enough. Unless there is tome ob
jection to the water that must be
used it would be better, after draw
ing off the buttermilk, to put cold
tvatcr into the churn. This will
have the duble advantage of harden
ing tnebutterand freeing it of but
termilk without working an injury to
the grain. If the mode of churning
has been such as to gather the but
ter in large lumps, it will re
quire fur; her manipulating to sepa
rate all the buttermilk. This will
best bo effected in a butter-bowl by
pressing it with a ladle in cold water
or brine. Thin is much better thau
to work it out with the hands.
There are objections to putting
the hands into butter at any time on
account of imparting their warmth
and perspiration to tho butter. If
the hands are plunged in water as
hot as can be borne for a short time
and then into cold water, and rub
bed for a while, it is possible to pre
vent them for a short time from im
parting any perspiration or heut;
but it is not possible to manipulate
butter as well with the hands as with
a ladle. The hands make the poor
est kind of a butter ladle. In work
ing butter with them the mechanical
effect is quite d life rent from that of
dressing with a ladle. They occa
sion much more fiiction to accom
plish the same result, and in a short
time, even if they have been well .
prepared to start with (which they
ax i 1 1 i mi
usua lv are not), the blood will soon
a i i , j
flow back into them so that heat and
perspiration will be given off. Some
people pack butter with their hands,
but it can be done much better with
a ladle. There is hardly one case
in a hundred where the hands are
applied directly to butter that an un
tidy effect is not produced
. The streaks ot lighter color in the
butter after standing 24 hours are
portions of uusaltrd butter. A little
salt deepens the color of butter in a
short time. If the salt is not even
ly mixed the unsaltid parts will re-
tain their former
color while the
salted parts orrcw deeper, and this
makes streaks. The salt would
strike through after a time and make
the color uniform, but .a second
working makes it even at once. It
is not material whether the salt is nil
worked in at once, or a small part
left for the second working. The
best variety of salt iu use for butter
are the Ashton and the F. F. (factory
filled) dairy salt made at Ononda
ga. One is as good as the other.
The chief difference between the two
when both are genuine, is that the
Ashton dissolves quicker than the F.
F. does. One is liable to ' get de
ceived in buying either. Salt is sold
for Ashton which is not Ashton, and i
the Onondaga salt is not always well
made. In selecting salt for dairv
use care should be taken to see that
it is clean and has not imbibed any
scent from the contact of fish in the
grocery in which it is kept.
The preparation of the little fir
kius is very good. It will bo better,
however, to soak them in cold brine
first. After getting out all the
J sap and flavor of the wood that can
J be with cold brine, fill them with
! boiling hot brine as it can be made,
' and let it remain in them till
i rea lv for use. Taen empty, and
rub sides and bo 'torn with fine salt
while moist, and they arc ready
for use. No salt is needed between
, the layers, aud there will be no
dif-la-
ficulty in packing snuglv, if the
j die is used instead of the hands.
The sample of coloring mntter is
an English preparation of annatto.
It is a rar.c'i better material to color
butter with than carrot juice. To
prepare it for pse, dissolve an ounce
time for it to dissolve perfectly stir
red. When all is dissolved, boil
and strain; then set .way to cool and
settle. "When cold, decant and bot
ilo for use. It is used by mixing a
little of the liquid with the cream
just before churning. The amount
must be found by trial. It will re
quire but little. A tablespoonfuf
would color a large churning. The
objection to carrot juice is that
organic matter carried into the
the
ter in the juice soon decays and
jure3 the butter. A'. Tribune.
Kow to Raise Plums.
There is a secret about plura-rais-
in
e have discovered it m trav
eling over the country. We never
visited a large plum orchard in our
life that we did not find plenty of
fruit. And we never visited any
place with eight or ten trees, and
found a good crop of this fruit. Now,
these facts set us to thinking; and
the result of our thoughts is this:
that it is very easy to have all the
plums you want to eat and sell. The
secret connected with plum-raising
is to plant plenty of trees, so as to
give fruit to the curculio and to
yourself also. If you plant fifty or
a hundred trees, you will have fruii
enough for everybody. Every such
orchard that we ever visited had
plenty of ripe fruit. Some even
complained that the curculio did not
thin out the fruit enough that the
trees were ovei loaded. So we say
to our readers, if you plant plums at
all, plant fifty or one hundred trees
then you will be sure to have all
the fruit you want, and it is one of
the most profitable crops raised.
I Annual of Phrenology and Physiogn-
! J" orr
omyfor 1875.
T :
IQ benbner & for January. E. C
. . v.
Stedmanhas a" Sons from a Drama.'
a nn
Accept a verse or so:
The winds may be sobbing or sighing.
Their touch may be ferrent and cold.
The night bell may toll or be ringing
I care not, with thee in my hold!
This poet talks like a steamboat. He
seems to be very much in love with
the girl; and as he would, no doubt,
hate to lose her, we would advise
him, now that he has her, stored
away in the hold, to batten down the
hatches and keep her there. Louis
rill Couricr-rJotirnal.
COU-
Los Angeles, Feb. 7, 1875.
Editok Bulletin : Since my last I
have looked at the country pretty
thoroughly in a business point of
view. I now feel that I can stand by
the opinion I have formed. I think
it my duty to many personal friends
and a duty I owe to Oregon's fair
fame among her own people (she baa
none abroad,) to say frankly that
Oregon (for Oregonians at least) ex
cels the tar-famed, 8emi-tropical,neVr
Italy of America Southern Califor
nia. I might not be willing to serve
Oregon's Immigration Aid Associa
tion as a writer of glittering false
hoods to induce population from
abroad to come in and assist in
building up and developing the
State ;but I am ready to serve the in
terests of theState and of my friends
there by trying to show that Orego
nians ought to be satisfied aud con
tented where they aro.
I know there is a grov. ing senti-
meut in many parts of Oregon in fa
vor of this region. It may be caused
by the rains in tho Willamette Val
ley and extreme cold weather in
Eastern Oregon in Winter. This
country being exactly the opposite
of that in this respect, it is strongly
suggested to all dissatisfied Orego
nians by every cold snap ox "mist,"
and one way of abusing that country
is to praise this. In this . manner
the climate of Oregon is made the
advocate of Lower Casiforuia. This
weakness is no where better under
stood than here, and z:ro is on the
tongue of every real estate broker
aud immigrant fleecer in the'eoun try.
It is amusing to hear how smoothly
they can sound the changes on such
words as "semi-tropical,'
orange
groves," "olive orchards, " wine
presses," they never call them fw
tilleric, though the favorite "strong
water" they turn out is torch-light
benzine of the lowest grade. The
immigrant aid societies in this State
show a commendable zeal in their
efforts to capture all who come to
the Coast and induce more to come.
In this respect Oregon is behind;
and many who start for that place
are captured before they reach there.
Tho pamphlets, books and circulars,
showing up the bright side of this
country, are scattered without stint
on the trains leaving Omaha and in
the hotels at San Francisco. Colo
nies are formed on paper, and "Lom
poc" is cited, in their circulars, 'in
proof of the great success of the col
ony plan of settling. "Centinela,"
"Artesia," "New Italy," "Riverside"
these are some of the new colonies
who are sending out printer's ink in
abundance, and their power is being
felt. The steamers come down
loaded with people fleeing from zero;
and they are filling this country up
much faster with land at $30 to $100
per acre than in Oregon with laud at
half tho price. People seem to for
get that drouth has ever scourged
this region ; and yet they are more
common than the extreme cold or
wet seasons in Oregon. Just before
the late rains here the fears of the
people amounted to almost a panic.
Sheep that had been held at $3 50
were freely offered ' at $1 a head.
Hay that had been offered at $8 sold
readily at $25 a ton, and . in week
after the rain was resold . at $10.
Bran rose from 75 cents to $2 50 per
cwt. Everybody feared a: drouth,
and the whole bueiness of tho coun-
try was shocked, real estate was de
pressed, and predictions of a crisis
"were heard that seemed like fore-
bodimrs of an earthquake. This was
treated as a private grief or family
quarrel it would not do to publish
to the world.. The rain came in time
to prevent a general collapse, and
now they .disown their . fright. I do
not assail the climate. I regard it
as the one redeeming quality of the
country. , But I would remind those
who would come here without a long
purse well filled, that climate alone
is too thin. I met a family who left
Montana and came here in wagons
spent $l,!i00 and two months' time
OREGON AND CALIFORNIA
PARED.
to get here in the midst of the rain.
They could not rent a house, and
camped several days in the city lim
its, wet and cold, and little besides
a wagon and span of mules to com
mence their operations with. An
other family came from Colorado en
tirely out of money, about the same
time, and the lejrets of those poor,
strange peop'e as they told their
story, was truly pitiful. A saw an
old man getting three tickets at the
steamer rflce. He said he had soli
his farm his' farm in Missouri for
$1,500; came here three months
since, and could get nothing to do;
was no going to Sab Francisco in
the steerage, and with less money
than would board his family a week.
A banker's clerk, who left $200. a
month to come here, took a situa
tion only a few days ago in a cigar
b tan d for board alone. Business
men are flocking here on every
steamer, with capital and without.
Those who have none God help
them if they can get nothing to do,
they may get credit by praising the
! country.
Scarlatina and diphtheria are rag
ging in the city and children are
dying at a feajrful rate. The city
physician informed me that chill i
and fever are not uncommon in lovv,
moist localities. With this before
you, and what I promise in my next,
I sny how m my who are comfortably
situated in Oregon will sigh to get
awiy and cast their lot among stran
gers? "Distance lends enchantment to
the view." IK. I'. 11. in the Bulletin.
A JUST JUDGE.
Thrilling Dramatic Scene In an English
Court.
Just before Christmas thero was a
truly dramatic scene in au English
court at Chester,which will be mem
orable among the incidents of the
bench and bar. The usual solemni
ties of such tribunals especially in
England were laid aside, and the
Judge became the saviour of a pris
oner, and the thronged cudience in
the court room burst out in cnthus
ism.
Mary Lancaster was married to a
"bruto." Her husband lived off her
earnings, and she worked her fingers
to the bone to support him. He wus
in the habit of beating her severely,
so, to cement their unbappj- union.
One day he came home half drunk,
and commenced his domestic amuse
ments by kicking a joint of meat
which was roasting before the fire
into the ciudcrs. He then seized
his wife by the hair and dragged her
around the room, and beat her be
tween whiles.
In desperation the woman picked
up a steel and threw it at her hus
band. The point entered his skull,
inflicting injuries from which he
died. Mary Lancaster was arrested
and it was found that her body was
covered with bruises some of them
of long standing. It was evident
she was habitually brutally abused
by the man she had killed. She was
tried at tho Chester assizes, and the
jury found her"gniUyof manslaugh
ter." It only remained for the judge
to assess her punishment and con
demn her as a convict. The court
room was crowded, and every man
and woman there was the prisoner's
friend. -
The judge commenced by ass ert
ing that there were facts and depos
itions even worse than those named
at the .trial. Then addressing tho
woman, he said:
"All the real right in this case
was on your side, all the real wrong
on your husband's, and God forbid
that 1 should punish you. 1 will be
no party to it. I will not even make
this judgment complete. I will not
even allow it to bo said by i anybody
that you are a convicted felon, for a
conviction is not complete until a
sentence is passed, and I mean to
pass no sentence at all."
Then there was a' loud applause
in that court room which the court
crier forgot to"quell. It was an out
burst of spmpathy above the rules of
court decorum. The prisoner was
then discharged on her own recog
nizance, to come up for ' judgment
when called for, but the judge said
iu conclusion; "Nobody iu the world
w ill ever call upon you. God forbid
they ever should." So that trial
ended with a conviction before a
julge too humane and just to pro
nounce a sentence under the law.
And tho woman went forth with the
multitude of her friends. The judge
could sleep that night.
OREGON.
There are in Independence
warehouses, which hold in the
six
ag-
gregate 400,000 bushels of grain
James Coon, living near Peoria,
had 700 sheep in Ochoco when the
cold weather set in he has 110 left.
John Waymire has sold his flour
ing mill at Dallas for 7,000, and the
purchasers propose to go to work
and make a first-class mill out of it.
o
Two large sawmills at Independ
ence are kept running all the time,
turning out about 6,000 feet per day,
and still the demand is greater 'than
tho supply.
Ou tho 10th inst. , the mercury at
Baker City indicated a temperature
of 47 above zero,ihe warmest for a
long time. The average for tho
week ending the 0th was 27.1 dc
grees; average for corresponding
week last year, 22.8 degrees.
According to the census just tak
en for Oregon Ci iy school district,
embracing the corporate limits, the
population is 1,003; last;yearit was
960, au increase of 34; number of
legal voters, 230; number of children
of school age, 413; girls, 213; boys,
194; increase of 47 over last year
A largo foundry was built last
spring at Gervais and carried on un
til sometime in the fall. Lately it
has been bought out by a company
of gentlemen from the East, who are
all practical foundry men. They in
tend making the casting of iron tea
kettles a speciality, and, as there aro
none of these manufactured on tho
coast now, it will no doubt be a suc
cess. So says tho Albany Democrat.
The Pioneer Oil Company of Sa.
lem, have contracted for 1,200 aeres
of flax in Douglas county, 8,000
in the Willamette Valley. 3,000 acres
east of the Cascades, in all about 12,.
000 acres, and expect the yield will
range from 100,000 to 120,000 bush
els in the aggregate, 40,000 of which
will be manufactured at tho Pioneer
Mill, and the rest shipped to Cali
fornia, as they have a contract to
supply the mill there with seed.
A letter to the Secretary of Stato
at Salem, from Wisconsin, says:
"Can you give me any information
in regard to farming or other kinds
of business in Oregon? It neems
away out of the world to think of
going there, but to tell the truth,
the thermomi ter or mercury has
been congealed l for the ' past six
weeks in this county." Ithe letter
was written Feb. 9th. ' On that day
tho mercury hero was 36 degree s
above zero difference at least 81
degrees. j t
On the head waters of Butte crek,
in Clackamas and Marion counties,
is found coal' which, upon' the nu-
tnonty or rror. uondon, is in every
way equal to the Bellingham Bay or
Nanai mo coals, and "ban easily bo
mined. Inexhaustible ' 'quarriei of
freestone, pronounced by San Fran
cisco experts to excel ' for durability
andfiuifch any stone on the cbast.line
the bank of the stream. I n the 'bed
of the stream, says the Statesman?, is
found a rpecies both of white" and
blue marble almost equal td 'the
marble of Vermont. "5 Mrl 'Ffank
Cooper has put up 1 mncluneiy 'and
engaged Mr. William' Bisty, who
lias spent thirty years in the marblo
works of the- Green' Mountain State,
and proposes this summer to J cut
this tnaible into pieces stri table for
mantels and tombstone. ''T .'
A Printer's dislikePi.
t
r
i