." 4 r. . .in 1 5 VOL. II. HlLLSBORO, WASHINGTON COUNTY, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1874. NO. 34,; 7r ' - s J -, I - II I I II IT. m If III I II I II III I III II III I III THE INDEPENDENT. rUBLISftED AT- Hillibor Oregoi E4ltor aa4 Pririetr. OF SUBSCRIPTION: n yr ix m-nth, Tare month, . . . . Mingle copies, . . . . . $9 CO 1 50 , 1 00 10 RATES OF ADVERTISING: 1 q. 2 o.. l wick1 i 5a a oo a wbbk. oo 2 go 1 MONTH, a BO s oo mm. 4 50 fi 00 no. 6 00 10 00 1 TRAB. 10 00 15 00 lcol 10 00 15 00 20 00 50 00 50 OO JO (M) 3 50 4 50 5 00 y oo in oo r oo 8 50 12 00 20 00 30 00 30 00 50 00 Obituary notices, 10 cents per line. Loett, Nonci,20 cents per line for the first insertion, and lOrentsa line for each tih.nent insertion. No notice leBS than 1 00. Summon, SherifTH Sale, nnd nil other legal notice!. 1 50 per square, Ut inser tion; each additional insertion, 75 cents. Transient ndvertMcments, $2 00 1st in sertion; each additional insertion, $1 00. AGENT AT PORTLAND, OKEGON-L. Kiupd.ii. AGENT AT SAN FRANCISCO L.1Fisii isn, r.omH20 k 21,Merchiint'sExehanse California Htre t. AG ENTS AT NEW YORK CITY-S. M. rKTTFN.uti.A Co., 37 Pnrk Row cor. Pekman t.-KO. P. Rowkll & to., 41 Park Ron . TO CORRESPONDENTS. AH comnmni rntion 'intended for insertion in 1 iik lMrrrvrrvr must 1 authenticated by t'ie nam'4 and address of the writer -n t niessaril.v fr publication, but as a jusrnnty of pwwt faith. OFFICE In HillsWro in the ull Court - ITouse building on the Public Square. PROFESSIONAL CARDS. JOIIX VITK, M. Phyician ad Surgeon. llll.l.Sr.OltO, - ... OK EH . yyniwr otUntU - t DEFOKMI TlKXl fllKOXW ULCEUS. OFFICF Main street Hillslioro. Oregon. P. A. 1IAI1-KY, M. 1. Physician, Surgeon nnd Accoucheur HULSBORO. OREGON. OFFICE at the Drug Store. RESIDENCE Three lU.K-ks South of Drn.v; Store. "l1 Physician and Snrgron, F0KKMT C5R0VE, .... i'REUON. OFFICE--At hi Residence, West of Johnson Planing Mills. n49:ty W. II. SAYLOll, M. Physician and Surgeon. FOREST GROVE, - - - - OREGON OFFICE At th Dmg Store. 15 ESIDENCE Corner Second Rloek south of tW Dm Store. mV2:lj Gm.II. DcmHAM, II. Y. TnoMPsox. JHstrtrt Attitrmty. Durham ft Thompson. JTTOUNE YS-AT-L A W , No. 100 First Strset, rOKTLAND, OREGON. ALFRED XnXIXEY, IX-D., 330'- OFFICE IN DEKUM'S BUILDING, N. W. corner of First and Washing ton Streets, Portland, Oregon. n37 ly A. BALL. BALKIOH STOTT. B AI.T. k STOTT, A rTORNEYS-AT-LA W, No. 6 Dekum's Block, PORTLAND, CREGON. THOMAS H. TONGUE. Attorney -at-Law, tlillsboro, Washington County, Oregon. Jf tUX CATL1X. B- KILI.ni. Catliii S. Killin, ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELOR AT LAW. Dckum'B Building, First Street, PORTLAND, OREGON. Business Directory OP . TIIE WIIITK 1IOUSK." lias the largest assortment of First Class Pry Goods Millinery, Fancy Goods, Hosiery. In Portland. No. 87 First Street, LEWIS k STRAUS. THE LAltGKST JEWELRi' STOKE IN PORTLAND. Dealer In Watches; Diamonds, Jewelryand Silverware. No. 103 Front Street. SoleAgent for the Cel eliratcd Diamond Spectacles Agent for American .Vatch Co. National Watch Co. E. Jacot Howard Watch Co. and Chus Watches. S th Thomas Clocks. fWatchc8 and Jewelry repaired and Warranted. All orders sent by Express promptly at tended to. Goods sold at one price only. No plated Jewelry of tiny description sold at this EKtahlishimmt. Fl KST-CLASS. SEWING MACJUHES, SOLD OX A NEW PLAN. $25 TO $50 SAVED EXTRA ATTACHMENTS for doing all kinds of work, FREE. Manufacture cfnmtrttrrtl in 1873 (h tr S(MHH in fV. Mb. A.J.Dct'trn, State Agent RUHIIING Home SEWIX , MACHINE LATEST . SIMPLEST for 1. of II. .has made siecial arrnngrnients to supply meni ler with th;s machines. NO COMBINATION! No MN0PLY! The Home Maehine Co' the only one that refused to join the sowing marhme ring. Pnees ol nil kind of Sewing MachineNredh's relneed to fiO i-ents per dozen. I'ri Iist, Cireulars,aml full particulars snt to any address on applica LEST. tion. GEO. W. TRAVEI5, (irnvrnl Ant llomeS. M..S. W. eor. Morr son V 31 ut. Portland, Or. TWO FIKST PKEMU MS tnte irrri t!S73 PORTLAND Lirgfst Manufactory north of San Francisco. A full assortment of SngnrTovs, CAM)Y Cornucopias. II axCaill s, tc, 'for the Holidays. Manufactory, alisky j- he:ele. No. H7, First street. DEUTHSCHE AP0THEKE. WELL ASSORTEI Foreign anc.I)omestieDmgs,Chemi-nls and Medicines, at the New Drn g Storo f WILLIAM rVUSDEU. GERMAN Corner First and Oak t, Fort land. Orders from the country Apothecary. attended to with care and di- puteh. 1 O. Box No. 218. J.K.I.'ILI; & (I!., 75, Flit Strei t. Shool Rxks, Rlank Rooks, Miscella ieousliooks. nnd a 2?MxXX Lino OF STATIONKKT AT LOWEST RATES. Books AXD Stationery. Or. J. B. PILXTNGTON, rrofesHtirftflt-ensi'H of tliecyc indll'ir inMedical Department Cnivcsity of the Will imctte. Office. Cor. First and Wash OCULIST AMD ington nts.Makes a specialty of of Diseases of thcEye Eiir.Nose andThroat,Crtss-ye straight ened. Artificial eves inserted. AURIST- Speetalos nrescrilnHl for imncr- icci visions. . .NEW. WINNER OF THE SKWINU MAC'HINKS It "Use the Straight Nectllr. llih'st Prize MakesIjOckStitch.Knnsr.iuht, and will do eitherLight orllea ry Work without change or ad- AT TUB VIENNA Exposition OVER ALL Competitors Ijnstment, being an Improre- inentovcr all High-PrieedMa- ehines. Buy no Machine nntil yon havoexaminedthe WILSON The price is $10 to $20 less then others. Needlf ft fr ali Sfarhines CHEAP. Send for Circular and Price List. A VAIL, Gen'l Ae't. i u i niru oi. x oniana ur, Truss and SPLINT V. WARNEKROS, Manufnetnerer and Dealer in Surgical. Dental Instrnmen No. 131 FIRST STREET. Manufactory LEATHER ANI SHOE FINDINGS. J. A .ST It O W Jill I DG K Ditect imiorter nnd denier in Leather & Shoe Findings, No. 141 FRONT STREET. JOHN A. BECK, Watchmaker Formerly with W.Beck V Son, WATCHMAKER aJEWELER No. 105 Fbost Street, AND Special attention given to Rc- Jaring Watches Clocks and ewelry. Orders by Mail or ex JEWEIRE press promptly atienaea lo. KSTEY ORGANS. A it I ON PIANOS. A. P. SMITH &. Co. 'Importers and general dealers in ORGANS & PIANO.v. General Agent for the Es tkt Organs and Abion Piano iWarerooms 105 Yont strec PORTLAND. HARDWARE; IRON, STEEL. Hubs. Spokes,, Rims, Oak. Ash NORTIIRUP & THOMPSON. Portland - - - - - - Oregon. J. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Doors, Sash and Blinds, also German, French and American WINDOW GLASS Crystal sheet. Enameled, Stained and Cut Glass, Glazing done to order at .Van Fi-an-ciseo prices.and satisfaction guarantee d. 5ti Front btrctt Portland - - - Oregon STOCK WinCLES. From the New York Tribune. Tlio plan of creating fictitious cap ital or water upon railroads, appears to Imvo been initiated with tho form ation of the Now York Central Rail road Company in 1853, by tho con sol illation of tho ten bo pc rate corpor ations then owning the roads be tween tho Hudwm river and tho lakes. Tho combined amount of share capital and convertible bonds of these sepcrato organisations was then $23,235,000. The equalizing process of tho consolidation was that the Schenectady and Troy Company that being the least productive of all should come in at par, while the holders of stock or convertible bonds of the othes roads received a premium in consolidated six per cent, debt certificates raugiiig from 17 to .15 per cent. , making an issue of these certificates, amounting to 894,500, or over 30 per cent, on tho true share capital of tho company. From this time down to 18G7 there has been no material change in the total of stock nnd debt of the New York Central Company other than what could bo nearly accounted for by actual value received, aud iU ca -ilal account was then represented by $28,537,000 of stock and $12,0U), 830 of bonds, a total (including the "water" of 1853) of 10,I0oVS20. The Hudson ltivcr Railroad Compa ny at the same time had a share capi tal of $7,000,000 and a landed debt of $7,K7 ,000---total, $14,227,000, making these two companies, which in lMiii were consolidated, stand in 187 as follows: Stork, (3i,53!l,- 000, and boi!sd,$l,.,2,.M;,820, or a to tal capital account of $11,834,820. During tho year 18(7 the Hudson KiverCo. presented its stockholders with $3,500,000 stock, or a dividend of 50 per cent. ; and again, at the time of the consolidation, another one ot 85 per cent, on the then out standing stock of f 10,000,000, mak imjan issue of $13,025,000. Tho New York Central Company had, in 18G8, presented its stockholders with the small crumb of $23,030, 000, or 80 per cent., followed by one of 27 per cent., $7,775,000, at the time of consolidation. Thus in the spaco of two years tho now New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company added to its capi tal the small sunt of $47,030,000 cre ated out of nothing but tho will of its directors and tho mixturo of pa per and printer's ink. From 1870 to 1872 the bonded debt was increased each year from one to two millions of dollars, since which it has been increased somo $20,000,000 for pur looses of construction. Who shall say if any or how much of this has liccn additional "water" to mako up the necesaary amount of $7,200,000 for annual dividens? It will be seen by the foregoing that tho known fic- m m9 a titious capital ol tms company, in- eluding tho issuo of 1853, is somo $10,000,000 creator than the real capital which had been in vested down to 1869. Is cheap transportation possible under such conditions? Continnine; the line west, over the Lake Shore andMich icran Southern Co.'s road to Chicago we find additional "water," which has been added between 18C1 and 1871, as follows: Ruffalo and Erio 88 miles. $5,400,000 Cleveland. Painesvillo and Ashtabula 96 miles. f.,819,900 Cleveland andToledo . . 148 mis. 1 ,250,000 Lake Shore (C. P. and A. and C. and T.) 1,1)0,000 Michigan Southern and North ern Indiana 587 miles 1 ,000,000 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern 587 miles. 9,333,333 Total $25,302,333 Or $302,333 more than half of the present share capital of tho Compa ny. The total cost cf the above road in 1SG1, as represented by stock and bonds, and which inclu ded some "water", created in 185G, was only $34,300,000, of which sum the $25,302,333 since added by tho printing press is over 70 per cent. Thus we have on this ono line of oad from this city to Chicago an ac knowledged fictitious capital of $82, 132,833, a sum sufficient to build and thoroughly equip a doublo track rood for the entire distance; a sum 111 1 J A WVSk MLSJ caning ior auoui ?u,isju,uuu a year to be paid from tho traffic receipts, or in other words, $0,000,000 is to bo yearly drawn from tho pooplo for tho payment of dividends and inter est on a supposed capital "never hav ing had a real existence. Is cheap tranportation a possibility? No wonder that tho subject should bo receiving tho attention of tho merchants of this city, as they wake p to tho fact that theBaltimoro and Ohio Railroad i re about completing their own line direct into the great "rain market of the Northwest, and being capitalized at less than $40, 000 per mile, can and will deliver ircirht at Baltimore at much lower rates than it is po'.'ilo for our roads capitalized at over $130,000 per mile, to deliver it in New York. It has certainly required no extraordi nary mathemmatical ability to com prehend this fact. It is Now York's misfortune as well as her fault tha t her railroads arc all so heavily han dicapped. In this vast amount of fictitious capital lies one of the ob stacles to cheap transiiortation, nnd in the Legislature may lie one of the remedies. Will it not savo time and lie better to go immediately alter the stolen horso without stoppm;? to lock the empty stable! As before stated, the roads mentioned have havcbeeii selected only because they were the most conspicuous, as the examples of all, aud not the ex ception. To maintain that these divi- companies can earn aud pay dends on this vast amount of only adds to tho force of the ment. water argu P0LITICAL PURITANS. lliat the llepublican party is an organization of great strength is ev idence! by the frequent nnd ucvere jolts it has survived in the past four teen years, but it is no more iinmor tal than it is infallible, and cannot stand everything. ' Tho severest strains to which it has been tubject ed is perhaps the attempt to cccrco it in some of the States into the ol- icy of making men pious and tcm perato and moral by statue. This is of a piece with tho well-meant ef- forts of certain men to engraft God into tho Constitution which would be naturally followed by tho propa gation of Christianity through tho influence of criminal codes and the regulation of appetites and taste by legislation. The utter failure of all efforts to convert Governments into propaga tors and defenders of the faith, and the ruinous results which such ef forts have had upon all human prog ress, will have failed of their 'legiti mate instruction if thoy do not teach men to adopt a different theory. The history of the Christian relig ion, as well as of every other moral reform, offers tho best evidenco of tho futility of any effort on the part of the State to regulate and prescribe personal morality. In no nation where Christianity sought to gain a foothold did it fail to meet with the bitter hostility and persecution of the political potvers, and every cf fort of all Governments during that timo was to crush cut tho pernicious theories of tfib new system on the supposition tliat they wero immoral and subversivo of good government. The States of that dayjwero tho prop agandists of tho established relig ion, and regulated personal morality according to tho existing standards by statutes. The Dark Ages abound with examples of tho impracticabili ty of suchV theories. The inquisition was the appliance of thcjuling pow er to regulate tho raoralsof the citi- zcn. it cannot be considered a suc cess. The reign of the Puritans was simply tho effort of a party to pre scribe and control the religious creed of the individual, and to pun ish his sin. . It was a grand old par ty grand in its absolute bigotry, m its perfect tyranny over conscience. It even seemed to be successful for a time, but tho terrible rebound when tho tension was withdrawn, as exemplified in the vice and immoral ity of the Stuarts, aftords the best evidence that tho apparent reforms under tho Puritanic rules wcro mere shams, glossed over iy a thiu coat ing of sniveling hypocrisy. These and other instances teach us that men cannot and w 11 not be made moral and pious by law, nnd that any effort in that behalf will only pioduce a disastrous reaction which will prove detrimental if not fatal to all morality. If a man can bo made temerato by law, he may bo made also tho ex emplar of all the virtues, when tho preacher's occupation will lie gone, nnd ho needs only to closo up his church doors and join tho lobby to secure the enactment of laws that will cvangelizo tho world and usher in tho mellcnnium. The process is simple, and if its advocates really believe in its efficiency let them give it a fair trial. Tho economy of the system must commend it to the modern reformer. It ill do away with the highly ornate and expensive bouses of worship, where, of course, tho poor have the Gospel preached to them. It will save tho salaries of eloquent divines, operatic choirs,und the vnried and expensive parapher nalia of tho temple. Tho station house, the jail and the penitentiary must come to the front as tho churches recede, ami tako their le gitimate positions as instruments of moral reform and religious regencr- ation. The citizen who now dozen in his softly-cushioned pew and longs for the ivpo;e f home, will then be spared the thousand and ono e xpcti sea attendant on the spread of the Gospel, and embrace them all in the check for his annual taxes. A wonderful convenient arrangement this would bo if it would only work, but it will not. That tho mills ofUod grind slowly is painfully true, and is no doubt the reason of tho impatience of our would-be reformers I They argue that in this day of advanced civilization when wo have such commodious jails and pcuitcntiarics, and sucl m iienoct criminal codes, it will oc so much better to placo all vice, im morality and intemperance under lock and key, than to await God's to dious processes for their extinction. It is patent that religious and moral intolerance is every where dying out in tho world, not simply from the growing belief that it is wrong, but because of tho teachings of all expo nenco that it is useless. Tho world is coming to sco and beliovo. not that men cannot bo forced into n show of regularity, but that if they arc so forced it will Imj only an ap parent virtuo, aud, liko Pindar's un regeneratod cabin boy, they will go to prayers, but they will not pray. Let tho advocates of tho now po litical docttino rest assured that they arc on the wrong tact that God's methods aro far better than theirs; that even though His mills grind slowly, they do their work far better than any patent contrivance yet do vised. Tho world has never been lifted up nor improved, in any moral or religious sense, by human statute, and all laws for tho enforcement of personal purity and virtuo will bo worthless as so much blank paper. We must content ourselves to rely on tho Uod-ordainoa processes oi teaching and exempting morality and religion, sustained as they aro by tho admonition of tho founder of tho faith and tho experiences of tho ages. WadiitiUmi Chron u U, Prof. Thos. Condon will deliver a course of twelve lectures beforo tho University at Salem this 1 coming winter, beginning on the 18th inst. A party left Astoria last Tuesday to arsango for constructing the range beacons on Sand Island. The party will put down a base 30 by 30-30 feet high, with range targets six feet above tho 'owcrs. The tar gets are to be constructed of iron.l2 feet in diameter, and will bo visible a Ion; distance from sea. 1 DEMOCRATIC FINANCIAL PLATFORM. "Free Trado, Hard Money, . Homo Rule." New York h'tmv(uy. 1 "Wo demand an immodiato in crease or greenback currency. Democracy of Cincinnati. "Wo demand an immediate re- sumption of a metallic currency." DcnnxTaaj of Maine, "Tho trno remedy is to moderately increase the greenback currency nt once.and let further regular incrcaso' follow," General Ewtntj'tCvhtmfni "You send theso notes out into the world stamped with irrcdeenm bility. You put on them the mark of Cain, and liko Cain they will go forth to bo vaijahomlA mulj'ayitit'c on. the earth," VemUehn on yrccnlxwi in 18G2. "Greenback, currency--tho best tho world ha ever seen." Jhtu VoorhicA of Indiana, "Wodetnaiid tho repeal of tho le gal tender act to take placo no later than July 4,187(5, nnda specie basi.s and free banks with secured curren cy." Mihiyan Democratic Plat form. "Wo aro in favor of such an in , crease in the circulating medium (greenbacks) as the business interest of the country may from time to time rcouire." Ohio cmucralie Via i form. "Speedy resumption of specie pay ments is alike demanded by honor and recommended by all civilized. nations of tho world nu tlio only sound and healthv basis of currency." lasyachaticft Democratic Platform. Apples every oilier Year. Two yearn ago, as wo all remem ber, the country was flooded by an . immense npplo crop. They wero not worth tho cost of picking and housing in many, places. Farmers having large orchards wcro templed to givo up raising apples as a farm' crop, becauso when they aro plenty the prico is so low that there is little profit from the crop, and when tho prico is high there aro no apples. Why it is so wo shall not attempt to explain, but it seems to bo a fact that applo trees bear alnmt all their fruit in even years, not only in New England but throughout most of tho Western States. In a few orchards in Now England the trcos bear . in odd years, and in somo of . tho cx trcmo Western States tho habit of bearing only in oven years does not seem to lo as yet fully established. The tendency, however, seems to bo all that way. Now wo wieh every farmer and every farmer's son iu New England would mako tho expo- ' riment of picking off all tho fruit from at least one applo tree this year, as soon as tho fruit is as largo ns acorns; and from another tree pick off the larger portion of tho fruit at tho same stage, and uoto tlio results. Whether the bearing years cun bo changed by this course wo aro una ble to say with certainty. It has often been claimed claimed that tho change might bo made in this way. At any rate tho object is well worth working for. Tho trcos should bo manured and tho ground cultivated to stimulate growth and tho forma tion of fruit buds, as tho crop of fruit si always determined tho year provi ous. N. E. Farmer. Hero is an Irish gentleman's letter to his son in college: "My denr son I writo to scud you two pair of my old breeches, that you may havo a new coat mado out of them; also 6omo now socks which your tmolhcr has just knit by cutting down somo , of mino. Your mother sends you two pounds without my knowledge, and for fear that you may not use it wisely I have kept back half and on ly send you one. Your mother and I aro well, except that your sister has got tho measles which wo thiuk would havo spread among our oth er girls if Tom had not had it before, and ho is tho only ono left. I hope you will do honor to my teachings; if not you are an ttss, and your mother and myself your nfl'ec- ; louate parents. : v. J -e. - .. -,- .