Eugene City Guard.
la V. UMMHi FrtpHtWr.
RCOENE CITY OtKOON
It U stated thit the big cigar trust
In dow an accomplished tact. l'ut
that Id your pipe and snioko It.
In addition to tint horseless cnrrlago
and mil that claa of Improverm-nta we
now liavo the windless yacht race.
Whatever the future of arbitration
may be Venezuela will have lei ground
than ever for believing In tt efficacy.
They are very rich men who are bnck
of yacht racing, and yet Ifa evident
when It cornea to dome thing even they
can't ralae the wind.
8tudenta of hygiene now recommend
that Halt Iks rublied on the head. Thla
would appear an ununually appropriate
ungo lu some cases.
Forming a noclety for nick and Indi
gent puglUata mean coming to their
aid when they drop out und not w hen
they are merely put out
It la unethical and unprofeailonal
for a phyalclan to have a big card In
the newspaper, but bo can have a big
a sign over but office door aa be like.
An Eastern medical society la Tery
enthusiastic over goat' lymph aa cure
for kuaanVty. The ordinary Individual
will bo dlpoed to try goafa milk a
while lu preference
Electricity I now ald to bo tored In
caiwule ami taken Inwardly. Aa a
form of light nourishment It would
aocm to have advautage over the can
die Idea of the Huailan.
It haa taken the Cubans Jut nine
mouth to acquire the great American
bablt of striking. No one seems to
know how long It will take tbem to nc
quire the itlll greater American habit
of hustling.
The "amart boy" stock la below par
Dowaday. Admiral Dewey barely got
through the naval academy at the foot
of the clana. And Capt. Carter, lu pris
on for cmbexalement, paNed West
I'olnt with the highest Uouora ever
glveu to a cadet
not having any money. According ta
tin- Tolstoi plan, all government ues
lion that MOM excessive wakefulue
can be easily avoided, I. e., don't have
any government. Itut men have a pur
pone In working and war I not with
out It purpoHo that no other mean
jrouhl accomplish. Marriage I a nec
essity to be usel and not nbusel for
the preservation of the social ytem
and o I war. Money serve a pur
pose and o doe war, and so long a
those purpose are necessary to be
served, so long will money and war
be neccssltlm. The need of govern
ment 1 undeniable, notwithstanding
that It Is frequently attempted to deny
It need and war I at time a essen
tial a government. The Tolatol mil
lennium haa arrived several centuries
ahead of time.
Itudyard Kipling's house up In Hr.it
tleboro la for sale, which la taken as
an ludlcatlon that he haa finally given
up his purpose of residing In America.
Mill the great gltrry of Vermont will
abide with her. Hhe will atlll lie the
native 8tato of the great admiral.
Oystera of flue flavor, and sometimes
growlug to the length of oue foot, are
found at Yezo, one of the northern Isl
and of Japan. 1 - -king to the future
food supply, fifty bnrrela of these bi
valves will Is- planted In the tidewaters
of Uregoti and Washington, by a private
company, acting on a hint from the Na
tional Fish Commlaiiliin. a4 the l'a
cltlc const get ready to smack Its Mis In
the twentieth century, lint think of
ordering oue oyster for two personal
"Perfectly" and "awfully" are two of
the hardest worked and. worst -Knit
words lu the Kugllsh lang.iage. They
arvapplh'd hundred of times every day
to things Hint are far from perfect, and
that Inspire no feeling of awe. If peo
ple will strung terms on weak occa
sions, and exploit their auitcrlatlvca
when even sub Hsltlve degree of com
parison would cover the ground, what
resource of speech will be left to de
scribe real eicellence ami sublimity, or
real wrong and tragedies!
' The pardon of Captain Dreyfus by
the French government undoubtedly
brought to a denude close, so far a Ju
dicial provcdlng are concerned, all
action on the part of the unfortunate
Jew, or on the part of his friend.'. Nei
ther I any case pending, ami probably
no case can be made up, which will per
mit the taking of further sworn evi
dence touching the guilt or Inline Mice
of the accused mail, lie ha legally
been pronounced guilty; but by the
pardon he Is morally pronounced not
guilty. The "extenuating circum
stances" found by the court martial
contradicted the formal verdict of the
court, for there can be no circumstance
that extenuate treason. The govern
ment complete the contradiction by
pari hiii I tig the man. If he were guilty
hi offence was o great that a pardon
could not bl merited. Witt a moral vin
dication Dreyfus must be content. The
civilised world lallevc lilni liiiioivnt.
In charging the Clnind Jury of New
ark, N. J., whlcK had Itcforv It two
case Involving the crime of Hum
Hhtuglilcr in ciMincMlou with fatnl hi
cycle collisions, Justice lVpuo -1 . -1
prosaltloiiH of general Intercut. Vft.-i-defining
criminal negligence to lie such,
lu the iiiiiimgetuent or Ui the spivd of
the wlws'l, aa allows a reckless disre
gard of human life, he pointed out that
the plea of contributory negligence aa
a defetiae has no application to en s
of tlila kind. That I reserved for Ctrl
action. "No matter," Mild the Judge,
"how carek'iM the man who hi Injured
may be. If from the result of the In
juries (aMttl etisucii. If the Jurors find
iimui the case disclosed that the (mtsoii
by whose act that death was caused
was gnUty of criminal negligence, an
Indictment may lie foiunl. Ihviiuho the
olijis-t of the law Is to protect human
life and safety." The second ilnt
mirth by the New Jersey Judge I that
the bicyclist cniMurt avoid responsibil
ity by the claim that he rang his be:i.
blew hi whistle or In any other way
signaled Id approach. CouiplUinoo
with the ordinance requiring Much sig
nal I no excuse for fat or otherwise
rocks' riding In crowdesl streets.
Count I e.i Tolstoi says that the way
to cud war Is for uieu to rcftinc to
fight. There lielng no one to figtit,
there could ls no fighting. That la a
proposition that admits of no dispute.
Ou the same principle the way to end
all labor troubles would lie for men
to stop working. It also appllc to the
correction of the divorce evil, nu n to
stop marrying. It solves the perplex
ing servant girl question by the sug
gestion, don't have servanta. The
money question rau beat be settled by
The Treasury Department Is prepar
ing to Issue several millions of notm
SI. f' and fft lu denomination, tad all
of a new and more artistic pattern
than the present Issues. The note,
however, will not lie constructed sole
ly from an artistic point of view
the qualities, of durabletiess and diffi
culty of being counterfeited always
being kept In view. As to the new de
sign the Button Transcript give this
description: "About 60 per cent of the
surface of the new bill on both Hide
will be left blank -firstly. In order to
show the fiber of the paper better,
and secondly, because this arrange
ment bring out the engraved designs
moro vividly nnd clearly. One trouble
with the 'art notes' Is that their de
signs confuso the eye, making It ac
tually more easy for a counterfeit to
pns. The paper money about to be
Issued, on the other hand, I almost
severely plain. An eagle with nut
spread wing Is the principal orna
ment of the face of the fl silver cer
tificate, a portrait of Lincoln being en
graved ben nth It. The figure '1' and
the treasury seal are In bright blue
and l-ith seal and denominational
number will he of this color on all of
the new certificates, so that the latter
may he distinguished at a glance from
1,'nltcd Ktatcs notes nnd bank notes.
The t'2 certlllcate has a head of Wash
ington." The Iden the engraving ex
perts have had lu mind In preparing
designs for the new notes Is that they
may bo made handsome by a few scat
tered fragments of design very elabo
rate and difficult to counterfeit. Hence
the new bills will have comparatively
simple patterns on their hacks, but the
geometrical lathe work will lie very or
nate and elaborate In Its traceries to
order to prevent counterfeiting.
Kakn Detectives.
"When a criminal or u witness during
some cne say that he saw a detective
standing at n certain comer the public
opciia Ita mouth wide nnd haw-hawi
until Its sides ache," remarked a de
tective. "When It Is told that a whole army
of fake detectives are specially kept U
seen It will pmhnhly half shut lt
mouth and struln Its eyes. Yet such
Is the ease.
"Many year ago It was found that
the bent way to capture n criminal red
handed was to let Is I in think he knew
the police. So when n new man li
taken Into the detective service he gen
ern'ly has to act hla part. He makes
himself conspicuous In some way In
order to draw the 'victim's' attention
to him while the real detective works,
mefapliorlcallv. behind his hack. The
fact that this system has been, nnd
still Is. followed by every country, lth
Kuroiicmi nnd otherwise, that ha a
potloa force 1 perhaps It Itest rocoin-medatlon."
I MENACE TO PASTURE LAND
New We I that Destroys Othsr Vcgf
tion llrnuaht from Kurope.
The orange hawkwood has made Its
appearance In and around Chicago dur
ing the past season, it la a compara
tively new plant, havlug been Intro
duced recently from Kurope, and a I
tliough not regarded in Its native land
as particularly noxious has become l
groat nuisance here anil threaten U
destroy other vegetation highly prlited
by gardener and arboriculturists.
The first American app-nrance of th
hawkweed was In Vermout. The seedl
were distributed as a premium bj
one of the leading agricultural Jour
mils of New York Stale. Within tb
last decade the plant has been spread
lug as a Broad lu an ulnrmlng maimer
Investigations at the Vermont OSpOti
uieut statlou have shown that It Is al
ready the worst weed known and It
continuing each year to Invade new
areas. It la easily recognized by Iti
BUBO-fad flowers and spreading hairy
leaves. The first blossoms open ll
June. If these ore mowed It continue!
to scud up scattering flower stalks dur
ing the rest of the summer.
Fortunately rl-nn cultivation will k II.
It wherever It Is practiced. Oue of th
serious difficulties Is that the weed It
allowed to spread along many road
sides to the menace of the adjacent
land. The really great danger, how
ever, la that It rapidly Invades the pas
tures, and when once fully intabllKlnil
In such places It Is practically Impossi
ble to exterminate It. The owners of
sucb fields should carefully guard
them against It. Every plant found
should Is- promptly uprooted, or, Utter
still, killed out by salt. The weed la
very sensitive to salt, which should Ik?
in uttered broadcast so a to reach the
leave of all plants. If not too much
stilt Is used It may serve ns a fertilizer
to the grass. Tin- salt does not net as
a puis., a, but kills the weeds by draw
ing the water out of the leaves. In or
der to net most thoroughly, therefore,
dry salt (not brine) should he applied,
and this should he done during dry, hot
weather. Chicago Chronicle.
Hich Booty,
In l"ni when Delhi wns sacked by
Nadir Shah, after he had defeated the
Moguls at Knrnal, UNi.ooo of the In
habitants were put to the sword and
trensure wn carried off to the value
of nt least irBtXOOOtOOft Koine way the
value wns $l,rsKi,iKm.iKi, and one
writer say 9t,(MM.MM.iKNi. Again,
when Alexander the tirent overthrew
HarliiN. the I'erslan. Ilabylon opened
Its gates to the conqueror, who ob
tained, though without plundering the
city, enormous treasure that had
been collected by Partus. Three weeks
later at Sura he seized fllo,t(,(MlO. A
little later I'crscpoll. a inugiilUcenl
city, nnd the favorite capital of liarlus.
was captured by til ill. The place was
sacked and the great palace burned.
The plunder obtained Is snld to have
b0M worth 1140,000,000, and included
enormous store of gold, sliver and
precious stones, hoarded up there by
the I'erslan monarch.
Ktisklii slid Itleyi le llldln
lu the present abatement of the cycle
craze ami the revival of walking, n
letter from Uusklu written to a friend
lu the midst of the bicycle rage I In
teresting reading. The sage of Kraut
wood declined: "I am prepared to
spend nil my heat 'hud language' lu
reprobation of hi , trl-. ami I , (V, il , or
7 cycles, and every other contrivance
nud Invention for superseding human
feet ou t bid's ground. To walk, to run,
to leap und to dance are the virtues of
the human IshI.v, and neither to stride
on stilts, wriggle on wheels nor dangle
ou ropes. Nothing lu the training of
the human Blind with the Isnly will
ever supersede the appointed Coil'
way of walking."
travels of Migratory Hint.
The distances over which birds mi
grate vary bOtWOOU wide limits, and
are often surprisingly great. The bob
olluk. which tOW their young on the
shores of Lake Winnipeg. Canada, and
go to Culm and l'orto Itlco to spend
the winter, twice traverse a distance
exceeding 'J.N miles, or more than a
Ufth of the circumference of our earth,
each year. The kingbird lays Its eggs
as fur north ns the ."Will degree of la 1 1
tilde, and Is found In the winter lu
South America. The biennial pilgrim
ages of the little redstart exceed 1,000
mile, ami the tiny humming bird L'.mn.
Manna In Ar.itil i.
In Arabia the Arabs sometimes find
In the sandy deserts a kind of fuugus
w hich apparently resembles the manna
of the Hib'.e and which serves as food
for iKith men and camels when no bet
ter Is to be had. It appears upon the
and after every rain, sometime lu
little heap. It Is of a grayish color,
and the separate masse arc about as
big as iea. It has a sweetish taste
and la nutritious.
'A man whose wife Is afraid to ask
uiui for mosey will bear watching.
INDIANA'S BIG. MAN.
Geora Washington Walker, win
Wrla-hed BOB I'ouuds.
George Washington Walker, who died
a few day ago at Wawaka, lud., was
the largest anil heaviest man In tho
State. He was 88 years of age. and
ten year ngo lsgan to grow corpulent.
His weight lncreaaed from 160 pounds
to 605 at the tune of bis death. A spe-
XSBv BOER AND BRITON.
J History of the Trouble Which Mas Led to War f jtiSj j
S ( IIAMIll.nl-AI.V.
km .KU. A
RHODESIA J?
j " IsB aWBMnjMl . 1
& fl I iWfOJWC! li
litRNSWAAL V-Ji
WrgBMAG PWtTORIA Minr,l(8e,c J V J
mum irSaoaB1 Wtum m J I Xfty'
J f -. J j KgMW, : SWAZI J )
f ! . ttMirTooij40 rc.W"""! ! I
rsTrsXsc iiiwwif sJSw "sT'rejSi. . LAND I'
jF4 f Jti I sssss. i J
Wi v'",,T , ! J
Jr m ORANCE .FREEST ATr 5isy ll
' w2, '"'"i ' '-''Jy 'Sn
JmnMi, 1 !.N AlT A L T f
I OOOOOOOOOOOO I with
vSaWaVnlasBsr' savBSHrS
jjsajlB Hjir-'T TStm - titxiw
L s. jis rfliws'fc' tsarr Vt
"fflUBOl WAt.KtR.
I'lal coffin had to be constructed foi
him, ami much difficulty win experi
enced In conveying the body from the
house to the cemetery. Mr. Walker
hud received numerous offers from
museum nnd circus managers, but re
fused to travel or place himself ou ex
hibition n a curiosity.
fllF. home between the English and
the II". i s Is uue as ohl as this cen
tury. Iu many different forms, hut
always with much the same ground of
quarrel nt the bottom. It has reappeansl
with each succeeding decade. Many
time tin- two people have met on the
hattlefielil, nnd when war itself ha not
exlsttsl rumor of wer between them
have been current. Wherever the Ktut
lishmsn and the Boer have had their
common interests In one territory strife
has Iss.n sure to come, for the qualities
and Ideals of the two are widely disaim
llar. The great gold fields In the Transvaal
are the material facts that have caused
BOER NATIONAL SONQ.
. wsAi.Tiir nrnamr.
Ilia Occupation.
A rather good tory Is told nt the
expense of the Rev. W. W. Molr, rector
of St. BtwUCO Church. It Is Mr. Motr'a
custom to take the offertory every Sun
day to some one of the hotel and re
ceive a cheek therefor. The hotels nre
glad of the small change, and It Is more
convenient to send a check to the secre
tary than a quantity of small change.
Mr. Molr was counting out tho sliver
and bills nt one of the large hotels
while the clerk was making out the
check. He observed a small boy watch
ing bin with evident curiosity. "Well,
my Isiy, what I It" asked the rever
end gentleman In hi usual kindly wny.
"llh, nothing, sir," said the boy, and
glancing again nt the pile of silver and
nickels on the counter, "only, are you
the gentleman what runs the slot ma
chine downstair?" The Adirondack.
Lord Wol It Ulae.
No other living British soldier has
gained promotion more rap illy than
Lord Wolseley. The following are his
various steps, with dates: Knslgn,
is.yj; Captain, 18B8; Major, lsas, dot
tenant-Colonel. I88&I Colonel, 18001
Deputy Quartermaster C.eneral. 18(17;
Assistant Adjutant Cctieral. 1871; Mi
lor-ticneral, I8T8; Qu'irter-master-Ceti-rnl.
1KS0; Adjutant Ceneral, 1883; C.en
eral, 1SS3. He received (38,000 for his
services In Ash iutl. and (30,000 for hu
conduct of the Kgyptlan Campaign. He
was the youngoNt captain lu tho army,
having reached that rank after only
three years' service.
Wr iin Music While on Train.
Sir Arthur Sulllvau wns 0M0 asked
where he was able to compos,' lot ami
under wluit circumstances his Idem
flowed most freely. "Then" Is no place,'1
he said, "where I have so many Inspira
tions as In a railway carriage. There
Is Knotting In ttO rapidity of the mo
lion, In the clanging of the Iron and In
the whirring of the wheel which
sis-inn to excite the Imagination nnd
supplies material for a host of harmonies."
the conditions for the present struggle,
for it Is through them thut Englishman
and Iloer have teen brought so close to
gether. The Koers claim to be the lords
of the Transvaal country, and they per
sUt Id regarding tho foreign settlers the
Uitlnnders as temporary residents with
out real rights. Sharply opposed to this
view stands England, whose many sons
in Transvaal land have their Immense In
vestments In mines and machinery and
demand a full share In the government.
"The Transvaal fur the Boers," Is Presi
dent Kruger's cry, while the English
against it shout: "Full rights, civil and
political, for our emigrants who settle In
your hind."
The problem takes on many phases, hut
not one of them can clearly be under
stood without hack reference to the his
tory of the relations of Boers and Eng
lish. The first form ot the issue Is over
the question of sovereignty. England Is
asserting her Ituwralnty, while admitting
Boer Independence In local affairs, and
Kruger Is denying England's claim. Such
Is the history of the two that each can
fairly make Its claim.
Sovereignty or no sovereignty would
not, however, be a burning question was
there not reason fur insisting on it. The
more practical utatement of the Issue is
that it concerns the political franchise
rights which the ritlandcrs now fiud It
so difficult to acquire, and which Eng.
'and insists so strmiitly they shall secure
on reasonable condition. It Is on ac
count of inability to agree on the terms
of the franchise, Combined with views
about sovereignty, which leave no mid
dle around, that war came, but even the
franchise Is only an incident in securing
what the English really want. Sir Al
fiisl M liner, who 1ms been the foremost
English agent lu negotiations with the
Boer, ha said that he Insisted on the
franchise merely because he thought It
would help the Uitlnnders to secure for
A MM SITPLT THAI.
hi. ni Machinery In Old Egypt.
Twenty centuries before the birth of
Watt Nero of Alexandria described
machines whose motive power was
steam. He also invented n double
force pump, used as a tire engine, nnd
anticipated the modern turbine wheel
by a machine he called "ncolplle."
Halt to Clean Sponitrs.
To clean sponges thoroughly dissolve
a handful of coarse salt lu a pint of
water. Soak aud km. id the sponges
lu this mixture for some little time,
then rinse under a water faucet aud
they will tie as good as uew.
ivoi i let a tool annoy you; laugh a)
theiu-elve what they need, and because
he thought an agreement could he reach
ed cnuccruing it more easily thau con
cerning the many reforms In Boer laws
which sre the real objections to Ih at
tained fur the hcnetlt ot the I'ltlamlers,
and the real occasion ot England's Inter
vention. Main Grievance Stated.
Ranching thus the kernel of England's
reasons for interference In the Trans
vaal, the main grievance of the Dltland
ers against Boer rule In the Transvaal
ran bo summed up in the following doc
laratloMi
The I'itlanders pay practically all the
taxes of the Transvaal, yet have uo say
as to how the money hsM be spent.
Their children have to speak Dutch In
order to gain a proper education.
Johannesburg Is wretchedly governed,
ami la In a fearfully unsanitary condi
tion. The I'itlanders have no power in
uuiunipal government.
Their newspapers sre gagged.
They are not allowed to hold public
Beet i new.
Trisl by jury is turned Into a fare.
Flair of our precious land, wave on,
Transvaal's four color free.
We pray may Jod the band strike dowa
K'er raised to lower thee.
Float proudly, banner, to the wind.
For past the threatening- 111.
Our foe h ue fled and left behind
A laud uuconqusred still.
Through manv years of hate and blood,
Iiear flag, thou didst endure.
Again the storm thou hast withstood
And floated still ...nr.
And as of old when foes assail
o'er brave hearts thou shalt wave.
Nor shall the black or Brit prevail
While we have strength to save.
Thou srt, dear flsr, onr token true,
Transvaal's four-color free,
To thee we pledge ourselves anew,
Till death we'll strive for thee.
Aloft o'er all our precious land
Ware, banner, proudly on.
By Uod forsaken he the hand
E'er raised to drag thee down.
The dynamite monopoly Is an obstacle
to the Industrial progress of Johannes
burg. The president may without trial expel
any t'ltlander from the TranavaaL
He controls the cables and can delay
messages.
The Ultlanders pay more money In
tnxes than is spent In the government of
the Transvaal.
The L'itlander has been disarmed and
compelled to pay for a fort erected to ter
rorize him.
This, then, has been the status In the
Transvaal. The Boer, caring only for
farming, hunting and religion, narrow.
I bigoted, but fearfully stronir considering
"is uuiuocns, ruies me i itlunder, three
times as uumcrouM, and seriously hiudcra
the latter in his modern struggle for
wealth.
The war la, however, not merely a war
with the Transvaal. The Boer rules un
disputed In the Orange Free State as
well an In the Transvaal. Boers live in
great numbers in Natal, which the Eng
lish long ago wrested from their Indepen-
the English continually, snd num
bers of them "treked" or tracked north
ward In search of farming lands. Their
first settlements were In Natal, hut from
there also the English drove them, and
then they "treked" Into the Transvaal,
where, on an uupromlslng upland, U.UUU
feet alsive the sea level, they became
Boers-farmcrs." There they hoped the
British would leave them alone and their
hoH?s might have been realised had not
the discovery of gold been made there In
1806.
l'rior to that time, In 1852, England
hod practically acknowledged the Inde
pendence of the Transvaal, otherwise
knowu as the South African Republic.
OLD FORT AT Sf AFKKINO.
In ISM the Orange Free States were
also declared Independent, but by both
trestle and conventions England retain
ed suzerainty.
There was trouble In 1881 when a
force of British waa repulsed at Majuba
Hill, the incident leading to a revision of
the convention in that year and again in
1884. It 1 the latter which defines the
degree of nuthority reserved by England
under its suzerainty, nnd the contentions
over which are involved In the present
trouble. By its terms the 8outh African
Republic has full powers to frame and
amend Its constitution and administer
its internal affairs, but Is prohibited from
i ao u -5v-vc v-a
-.d'jsf
TYl'E OF ARMORED TRAIN EQUirrED BY THE BRITISH.
dent rule. Boers, too, are many in Cape
Colony. Everywhere they are of the HIM
nature ami Ideals. Everywhere they will
band themselves together ns foes of Eng
land. A war with the Transvaal means
also war wlrh the Orange Free State and
bitter lighting with Boer sympathisers on
English colonial soil.
The Transvaal, or South African Re
public, as It Is proporly called, is a region
about aa large as the State of Nevada,
and Is completely surrounded by foreign
countries, having no direct outlet to the
sea. To the north and west are the
British possessions, Bcchunnalnnd and
Bbodaala. To the south la the friendly
Orange Free State, and also Natal, a
British province. To the east are the
Portuguese colonies.
Hilly and even mountainous, full of
sharp ravines and regions of difficult pas
sage, the Transvaal is peculiarly adapted
for defensive operations, and even with
Inferior tighter than the Boers could
long hokl out against a great fori. The
Boer settled it only after a series of
hard experiences, the result of which had
been to drive them north and east from
the African settlements they had orig
lnully made.
Struggle In Former Mays.
Only by considering the past struggles
with the English can the preseut one be
sceu in Its true proportions. The Boers
were the original European settler of
South Africa. Of Dutch descent, they
had sturdy qualities, which their life In
the savage lauds only served to make
sturdier. They were farmers from the
first, and by the sweat of the negro races
they grew in wealth. The English took
definite possession of the Cape In 1814,
aud the Euglish Immigration then begun
In such great wave that Holland emi
grants and Boer children could not keep
up the balance of power. The situation
was much such as exists now in the
Transvaal, where the I'itlanders out
number the Boers, except for the fact
that then the Boers were actually and
not merely nominally subjects of Great
Britain. The Euglish rule was autocrat
ic, ami the Boer idea about slaves and
land holding fitted so little with the Eng
lish ideas that soon the Boers had two
great grievances against their rulers.
The Dutch French colonists quarreled
making any treaty save with its neigh
bor, the Orange Free States, without the
consent of the Queen.
By this time British, Americans, Ger
mans nnd French were pouring Into the
gold country, aud Joliannesburg began to
tuke on the size and character of an
American mining town. Thl annoyed
the Boers, but their thrift ,i,.i .i
art them, and although they avold-d
miiiug anu stucg to their farms, they
found many means to derive national
revenue from the Uutranders or "out
siders." The government, under Presi
dent Kruirer. levied
. hush v ULHet,
stamp taxes, license fees, franchise costs.
KUBHNBBi ami monopoly charges on such a
mining necessity as dynamite.
The British In the Transvaal appealed
to London and London appealed to Preto
ria, but there was no redress. By 1S1M1
the Outlanders were paying to the Boer
government a revenue of JsVHX) 000 an
nually, which consisted almost 'eutlrelv
In a tax on mining.
Then a number of prominent English
and American miners formed In Johan
nesburg what has passed Into history as
the Nat una Reform Ttl, n ...
- - - - - . Ill T is'.
Of which Lionel Phillips was chairman,
uuu ..-..il nays uammond, an American
2Si ln communication
with Cecil Rhodes, resident director of
the British South Africa Company, and
Leander Starr Jameson, known as "Dr
Jim." What happened Is of too recent
occurrence and too sensational to havo
passed from the memory of readers.
The first battle of the Jameson 'raid
occurred at Knigersdorp on Jan. 1 1HIHJ
the second at Doornkop the day follow
ing, when Jameson's already defeated
raiders were all captured by the Boers.
President Kruger turned over the raid
ers to the British Government, which
sentenced Jameson to fifteen months In
jail and some of bis officers to shorter
terms, after making them the heroes of
London for weeks.
Kruger arrested hundreds of Outland
ers In Johannesburg on the charge of
treason, and upon trial four were sentenc
ed to death. Among the latter was the
American mining expert, Johu Uays
Hammond, but their sentence were com
muted to fine and Imprisonment. Both
the Boers and the British were fighting
mad, aad everyone expected war would
... manner -tl ,
is n V
csble message of aa-.?ttaai J
Kruger. and the 2 Ulp
-- ' USs II w wi - at.
act changed the h,j. o ttsv.
waa so mad at Wm.... "". P.
1 . . i ..IB, 1
sue lursm or Ignored Km. " I
semuieu boco a fleet of
ns never before In
world prepared for
sang softly.
Ik. . . -SSI
aasai
r . - . -
Trouble Not u,
"1;,.
But the (nub:.. In sv. I
not remedied. War talk "N
time to time In the Traa .U.,S
iu England, and in x," " V
dent Kruger, ln an aauZ'Jai
riad, openly denied I
sessed any right. 0f sovertlM
In March last Joseph
nentlv before u,
- . . or tv.
. . . '.:zz : " ftrtir..,
posals would be satUfactor. V
sneeeh ihiritor rhu .
the right of Inteneutioa'u 'J
sal rhb.h I' .-j , '"'-
casts In which the .. rt
had been violated, or U, IS I
Hint furpiirn miiru. ..
many.
March 24 a petition, whirl, i -slimed
bv over H..i W
the Transvaal, was for..?''
Ii.it WJ fa, . .
iirnikii i mi erii . i w rss
,...-ui mrotri r.
saw s v bsbswi I'niisii "Kffjf tt D..
dealt with political TlriiasfTt
aimed to show that tW SZ, ,l
tlnually making eii.trmrTiT
Dltlaarlara. a i...i. l,.7n,, n
lander council was form-i ...7 '
. . . ,oi li
uiiti ..hi .... oe .,. - - B.
. . . . .
ernor or I n. . -j. . . , . m
zi -tt " 7T: ,n 't i ti,
"" imimm ninnii inn. i. .v .
IUVHw in DRMUOM a (1
i...... ...... . ... .
rntUMt Krugrr.
A it., a, ..
Lrv-iiiitMJ I'.l i II tl f 1 1 l,i 111 i
MMMIWUW SUKgcMtfiJ COfwvt
i ct'i n r i . rri. i ni.a . . i i
a..- a -.- z """ own
mw viiuLc rive rT ji t at
WIP i wo ni'ii td Ni..r mt ....
- Mia n
UsWHUUSirin. inn a w,..k t k,.k
(t'llltN fit I1V fnt i..n Tl,,. .l. .-i
oy pUMf was that erery tonight
mn m unnia ui maiita. ufl
. . BO ft
aaaiano auuuiu IK glV(D nil (
t'-ii-inii, it 1 1' i ujhi uif) OMinMHg MM
rmntmyti of th ToikvnrJ iuul
m,.tl IU-s none. f I. .
ueniij it.i li' ill Jo I n,.!,,,.,,
. . Br f mu
un nvpn iubim in urn ,,w
The Ut that VmUt
. . -' .iiuiit a-nii
i o w as iiiiKu nit Haa bVa it..
ed a two years residence prior to uia
rsllxatlon, sad th fivt years mon X
an Vin trrnntlnat nf ..n m ..
Hill vi iut iuu iranrhiaa
lie mmmwm n wauj joqhiud anwW
.. tV,.a la .
i 1 linn "in i iuoi k vn am renrruoi
uiuiu Buoni.r.in. m ... wuirivutr mm
lienl nsill f Vru
I II 141 UV ass IvaHM, m ataivv U aa 1 liV.(
... .... Inn trx tin UrfriaK l.ln
thi. num till lalnni.v n.nM a.-s .
."! lut J luv vvrswa wuiu uvl
sent to tnis.
1 utile NeKotlatlona.
Negotiations went on slowly after
The British demanua lonnulitnl
' - .. .. li .... v-...i r ru.rl,Ml !
.... . I . . . .
the rand to one-nrtn ot tbe toul
nt hiumltfiri
.. ..... V . l.'i.W-.
the early part of July. 11 tit W
that month it was nil isa
m . . . a I n ii - - a-
gir had proposed at tat il laaatiwl
conference. '
Messages and diplomatic totit at
back and forth after this broagit oat to
points of disagreement. Pits la
ger Insisted that if he mdrii;s
sioiis to the Uitlnnders It ibotxkii
the distinct understanding that LfaJ
would not regard Its inienrinrc
precilent and would formtltj rsipt
pretense of sovereignty. Secretin M
berlaln would not listen totucbiapj
tlon.
The other point of dlsagrcenm!
regard to the assurances thst
forms made would not have uNj
couditlous attached to them. 8 I
Chamberlain began to Insist tMU
committee of liiijulry. made up
delegates repn-sentiug the TraM4
l,.. Hrlilh ihiveruiueut. be apt"'
Investigate aud lie sure that all fs
I I., - ...r4..l .111 f
promises wouiu w o... i
Aug. 21 President Kruger (Mas'
Uke part In any such Joint M
.. I . I,..,.., franchise 01 SaSW
"... 11.1 . .1 . . 1 - .-
.t . , i.l MAmlaa sal toss.
inui ciik'huii wwu.m e- " .
l , In thu future. I ad SSI S
terfere nuiull aTHB Hie lllin.
tin. 'l'i-nnsvilll . I'.UKIU"" T
r. n . - , .. Rwrl vMca
aa ..Lw'fie that It was regaraei kM
an ultimatum. It aswrtea tWF
and reminded Kruger thst t PP
. ii. i.,.,irv rou'l not MP1
or a aviiii i"4u",
main open.
rresident Knurer repllexl Set"
a deBnlte denial of r-nKia.-a -rj
a flellntte aenini - -
i. mA with refusal to Ml '
and Dutch language on an N
theraad. He also this time pl.
venrw an ine niiiioiiu... ---
.. . n, nn rv to IBS i !"-
w a. i a , a.... n mm i
" '1.7 .I. .... 1,1
.,t arhien "-
poriiing
Bl v. -
prnctU-ally a lasWPon" for
turn till her troops
Bold. The volksraul " " j,k
Jeetedthe M
aynnmite Baasxpwjr. --..
situation with England J
Active arming was k,l':,:rtaawif
side, and the sltustlon ' m
when, on Sept. 28. C-
raad dec-idiM to cast its lfm
... u,i. ii,. tain tBT
neigntior repunoe. irj-i
pour troops into tnitni.
w7 r-1
. . . ttir
... ii tn nie- ,
iioers wnr . t mmm
gency. The district im. nti
?. . hnrried.y ' .
MmnlBl BTOOnu. m -- ., . ..
Nek was occupied, anu . jo0
taken that menaced an m
tal. ..nt SS
tlct. I" BMW" - - jandWi
... lin.lon ""
Ullllliaiuiu .. ... t main
withdraws! of Hritish tWTj
rt . in r iiT ii oss - - iz..iirn
ths special forces MOt w y
.j .V.i, forces en route.
mi " " . ur -
pMad with, a stste of ar
In twenty-four hours.
Montague H hlte. m- wM
ersl. quitted London, snd
tlcslly on.
o..ie.r.....Mlon l un"r. jm
n - ,r Is suyiUini
points in in-"
Utat matter.