DO NOT EAT TOO MUCH.
p(,0rr5soR ATWATER'3 LECTURE
0N A VERY PRACTICAL TOPIC.
ft, Relation of Food to lleellll Ignorance
,( the laws ' Eating Claim Hmij Vie
Hour Scientist Are Now biting AtUo
lloa to the Subject,
The lecture was by Professor W. O.
Atwater. on "Food anJ Health." It wal
under tlie auspices of the sciciitiflc socio
tifof Washington and the Smithsonian
Institution. The principal point of the lee
,re was the uiluptatioti of food to the
demands of the body, and of the eviU of
overeating and iribuificii'iit nutrition.
The eating of bread and meat lsasimple
matter, but the way in which the dilig
ent constituents of the food perform their
offices in the maintenance of life are prob
leuisas profound as any with which phy.
peal science has to deal. The works of
nature culminate in man. In his organ
tin her operations arc most complex and
recondita The laws which regulate our
physical being are discovered but slowly,
and by the most ingenious and profound
research. Those which govern the nutri
tion of our bodies have been shrouded in
mvstery, which only the Investigation of
later time has begun to unveil Hut the
crude theories of the past are being grad
ually replaced by the more certain knowl
edge of the present.
But this evil of overeating, be it
great or small, is, of course, confined to
the classes to whom generous fortune,
unchecked by reasonable restraint, al
lows It. There are countless auircrcrs
from dietary habits into which self in
dulgence has not tempted, but relentless
fute have forced them. The overfed only
pay for pleasure the penulty of pain
The greater misery of the underfed, theii
hunger, with its inseparable attendants,
ignorance, selfishness, crime and degra
dation, are things of terrible moment.
The lecturer referred to the income and
expenditure of the body, as follows:
"The body receives food, drink and
oxygen, which constitute its income.
Part of this material is transformed into
flesh, fat, bone and other tissues of the
body. The remainder, together with the
tissues worn out by use, is transformed
into urea, carbonic acid, water, etc
These products are given off from the
bodv and constitute Us expenditure.
Illustrated maps were used to show
the dietaries of different people engaged
indifferent occupations, and he proved
that although people in this country
work harder and need to have more and
better food than tlnjso of corresponding
classes in Europe, yet that many persons
of sedentary habits, who really need but
little, consume as much as would be re
quired if they were engaged in severe
muscular labor.
A certain amount of food is necessary
to keep the machinery moving. A large
number of well to do people of this coun
try eat much more than is necessary
The excess consists of meats and sweet
meats. We ransack the four quarters of
the earth for materials to excite the ap
petite, and thus increase the amount of
food consumed. Most people of this
country are engaged in occupations
which require comparatively little mus
cular exercise, and the result is we uu
pose upon our bodies the task of getting
rid of a large amount of material in ex
cess of its needs at fearful cost to health
and happiness.
The cheapest food is that which sup
plies the most nutriment for the least
money. The most economical food
that which is cheapest and best adapted
to the wants of the user. Hut the maxim
that "the best is the cheapest" does not
anolv to food The best food, in the
sense of that which has' the finest ap
pearance and flavor and Is sold at the
highest price, is not generally the cheap
est nor the most economical, nor is it ul
ways the most healthful It is iiiiMirtaut
that people be taught uImhiI their food
but the first requisite is the information
to give them. The subject is. however,
new In its investigation we stand usm
the larders of a eontmnt of which but
a email part has yet been explored In
the great European universities investi
gation is active. In our own country
extremly little bus been done, and that
little is deH'iuli'nt almost entirely upon
private munificence for its support.
"What." biiid the speaker, "is to he
done about it? In the first place we
ought to find what flaws there are. if
any, in the conclusions to which the best
research of the timo seems to force
us. Then we must see how these con
clusions are to be supplemented This
will require abstruse and costly experi
menting. But at the same time the pub
lic needs to be educated People need
to understand the fundamental princi
ples. The laws of a large number of
states and territories require that physi
ology be taught in the public schools,
but unfortunately the teachers them
selves are deficient In training, and many
of the text books are sadly defective."
In referring to the importance of pains
taking research, the speaker cited ths
experience with the respiration appar
atus. This in its best form has been used
in a few European universities and ex
periment station laboratories, but not in
this country. The greatest difficulties
attend its management Professor Hen
neberg, of the University of Ooettingen,
began work of this kind over twenty
years ago and has only lately, and after
the expenditure of many thousands of
dollars, succeeded in getting his respira
tion apparatus into condition for experi
ments of the desired accuracy But the
great problem now before the student of
animal nutrition is that of the income
and expenditure of energy in the animal
body. It will require the keenest, most
elaborate and most painstaking efforts of
the chemist, the physicist, and the biolo
gist, but the effort toward its solution
must be made.
In speaking of researches in this (ne
in the United States it was that we are
ery far behind European investigators,
that, indeed, we have hardly made a be
ginning. What we most need is trained
men with high, scholarly ideas, enthusi
astic devotion, and abundant means at
their command. Thai we shall some
time have these there is good ground to
hope. Washington Post
Georje's Ceasonlng.
-You are not as liberal a you we Mj
tore we were married,
to order two portions of strawberries ana
cream, and now It's only one.
"Well, that's proper. )$!
two,bjt wea-ooenow.aintwe. -v
ter.
A Family Be-robUM-
Batchell (to happy Wberrjff"
you, old man, oa the new arrival,
dot-s be look Lie? . , .
lUUer (remembering tbe a
tnentsr-He lart. hi. mil h W
both tidss of the UailJ.-Haryar s a"-
WOMEN BEHIND THE DESK.
" Mm; r..l..t of Tl.w-How Oe
Woman Treat Auuili.r,
It paint OIH to learn ll,,.t i
office isaomewbatof a failure; at least in
1 . 1 k,-U ,k,'l", ,1,ut
into h.-r official life certain trait that
are characteristic of her sex, but which
re not in harmony with business affair.
in uie nrst place, the woman nill.-lul i.
severely offensive to women, from whom
she exacts more than the legal pound of
esh and for whom she huw . con
tempt and lofty toleration that are out
side the limits of law. The cauof this
attitude of woman agaitist woman has
M yet eluded the -urch of scIi-iicm ami
Confounld the theories of philoaophv;
and, to conclude, even I have no solu
tion to offer. And yet. If we consider
the matter clos. lv, we shall find a rea-
son, if not a cai:o. A man appear be-
fore a woman in office already crushed;
it has absorU-d all his courage to face
official femininity, and if he does not
receive oil the snub and the contempt
that he I prepared for he is more disap
pointed than surprised.
The woman behind the desk is an awe
Inspiring object to the bravest man; she
is her sex plus authorilv, Chailotle Cor-
day and .Minerva combined. She is not
the more imposing by reason of her office,
but the office is impMing because she fills
it, because the office is herself. Such a
woman may insist on any thing unhinder
ed of man. He is even content, at her
command, to concede that the earth is
flat for the time being, lie appears be
fore so much maji-sty in a commanding
attitude; he waits her pleasure patiently
before receiving, the H)stage stamp for
which he applies, cash in hand; he sti
fles his haste to obtain his letters until
she sees lit to give them to him. For
these reasons the official woman does not
go out of her way to annoy or to torture
man; she accepts him as a worm, and be
cause ho is weak she refrains from tread
ing on him, and goes no further than to
turn a deaf ear to his application for let
ters or stamps, and to gorgonizo hhu
with herTennysonian "stony stare."
A woman approaches the official wo
man guarded window in a different atti
tude, in fact in a belligerent attitude,
and the monarch of all she surveys re
ceives her in an equally belligerent spirit
Two hungry dogs approaching the same
bone will give a fair idea of the situa
tion. The passive indifference shown to
that humble creature., man, no longer
exists; the adversaries both have their
lances in rest, and each is looking for
the weakest spot in the armor of the
other. There is an ominous silence,
during which the fashion of garments
and fashion of features are criticised;
there is an ominous sniff, a snapping of
eyes, an elaborate exhibition of a chip on
the shoulder for opponents to remove
violently, a lofty staring at tops of heads
Instead of into eyes, an aggressiveness of
excessive overpoliteness, the lino malice
of preventing to the utmost the consum
mation of the object that both have at
heart, the overzealous desire to make a
fault and find it, to imagine an insult
and resent it, to com pel insolence that
breeds the Insult. Naturally, tho women
who are not officials complain of the
women who are officials, and the woman
behind tho window complains of the j
woman in front of it
Tl.iu la tlm cnrtntia ilnnrvnr thnt rnn- I
.1 ...i,.-. .L f,.r nni.iin '
-m.. ..:;!,. tl.nf iiP!,. her down '
m.." ti. r .nir u i.r ln.ii. .
., ... ..... . t..:: 1 .1...
viuuauv. oiu it is ii.u I'lmi's ui -
cenoral'lv-the impossibility of a woman
rating a woman in any other way than
I."". ,.....iut. Tl, nn
f 9 " " " " '
Vdil
ence be wcen'a free, if tax paying, pub-
, . . r ki.o n .r.
PC ailU lier own ......... w.v.v. ...
ries her homo characteristics into public
affairs, regarding men as the possessors
of obnoxious latch keys, and women as
the victims of them. Her clients are
punished for her toothaches and respon
sible for her dvspepsia. That she is com
pelled to hold lowly office is tho fault of
the world, and the world must suffer
for it. She know s that she is better than
other women, and demonstrates her su
periority to anticipate their doubt, or the
.i....i.t f'lmt hI.p has invented for them.
"""". ., ....1.
This is not gaiiam. nut,
ft lu trim.
T iur rnn u no OUCSlloil
tl,.,t u'iili time, tho faults indicated will
be remedied; but. until they are, woman
in office will be a constant exaqieration
to woman out of offke. It is true that
woman out of office is equally exasper
miii" to woman in office, and the pro
verbial mans inhumanity to man is thus
furnished with a parallel in woman s
antagonism to woiuan.-"Chatterer in
Boston Courier.
New Jerwr's Sflmul Fond.
New Jersey has a school fund of
$t OD0.00O, und docs not know what to do
with it. It can not be used for anything
h..t the rjublic schools, and not very
uub m f- , .
much of it is allowed to go there, only a
rrtnf the annual income being avail-
able, so jealously has the state constitu-
m,.r.l..il its sacreduess. Meantime,
it is piling up every year, and the com
miJoners are at their ',U' end to find
an investment for it. The original idea
was to have a fund large euous
tiroly support the public schools turough-
out the state, but that, it s aa.l. would
take $70,000,000; and, besides, it s gen-
Ai-nllv believed that it is better tor me
school system to have the local scnoois
rfirectlv provided for by local taxes.
People take more interest in somettuoig
Oiev have to pay for.-Exchange.
nw lea Cottar itwna Uoik.
The danger of cutting ice before it has
attained a thickness of eight Inches or
more is great, and numbers of horses
have been lost by their Drcasoi8
.1.- i.. a-bile working the plows.
icemen say, however, that by putting a
lipnooM around the animal neck bo
7 L ;. .mder the ice. the work of
getting it out is not great The act on
of the noose stops the animal, breath
i and soon causes the body to become
inflated with wind so that it will floe, .on
.nrfnee. when it is easily hauled out
upon the ice.-Boston Record.
,ol W'H Posted.
"What tone is that band playing?" asked
tha fidgety man on the ouukunaof the
"Sphere Did You Get That Hat?" replied
'XryoTntind where I got It!" retorv
ed the otLr fiercely. "U joa can't an
Swer a clvU question I'll find .cms one who
en."-Cnicaso Tribune.
A ! nallom.
Tom's little cousia. Mabel, ft"
araphically her nensation ou H"" "
Sn?)liJeIaOD tae bed earring. "Ob
m?" she sisbeJ; "mamma, I'vestrucked
S .rm wnerei.m?k.surstnr
WHERE FLOWERS GROW.
ASTORIA, LOSQ ISLAND, A LAND 0
BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS.
What Owa On lit Una of Ilia Great (irxa
boum Wnlt'h ftuoply Nw lark with
Ploirart uj riant Tha Prvblanaa
Forcing; and H)brlUltatlan.
To one lu search of ej or anything
ibove the dull level of Uie commonplace,
probably the tast spot which would sug
gest its. If as likely t yield it would be
the typical, proiaio Long Island town.
Vet one of these, and one of the moat
prosaic at that, is paradoxical a it may
ap-ar a veritable land of flower. As
toria teem witli lovely, though hidden
blooms.
If the flowers which the florist' jealous
care cover from the inclement weather
were left exposed, they would spread
over thousand of acres, and make of ths
little town a garden of loveliness.
Fur eight months in the year the daily
supply of (lowers to this city amounts to
(15,000 worth, while on sjKvial occasion,
such as Mister and other holidays, the
amount is nearly doubled, and the greater
part of this supply come from Long
Inl.md.
The largest of the Astoria nurseries
stands just within the limits of the vil
lage. The wide expanse of turf around
it is dotted with no less than thirty-one
greenhouses, whose glistening roof com
prise some 73,000 square feet of glass.
The hybridization of plants to form
new specimens is In no small measure
dependent 011 chance. The method em
ployed is in itself simple, and consists of
dusting the pollen from theblooiu of one
plant UNn the stigma of the other, the
result lieing a (lower partaking of tho
characters of both. The incidental cir
cumstances, however, are almost impos
sible to regulate, save by scientific ap
plication and the minutest care. The
selection of two plants which are liable
to join, is. in itself, a test of the floricult
urist's skill, and this U'ing achieved, the
temH'rature must be regulated to the
convenience of the plants, and the dry
ness or moisture of the atmosphere care
fully watched, let, in spito of all pro-
cautions, and for no apparent reason, tho
attempted hvbridizalion is often a fail
tire. Some of the best discoveries ever
made in this branch of horticulture have
been brought about accidentally, tha
lieautiful chrysanthemum called Mrs.
Alpheus Hardy being the result of one ol
these fortunate blunders.
FOKC1NO DLOSSOM9 AND FRUIT.
Another problem which has from time
immemorial busied the nurserymen is
the question of producing blooms or fruit
at stated periods by forcing, in defiance
of natural laws, and although this has
not yet been reduced to a certain law,
important improvements have been
made. A skillful gardener can, by the
regulation of heat, moisture and fcrti
lizers, considerably advance or retard
the production of any plant. In Japan,
where, floriculture has attained to scien
title heights as yet unknown in America,
the precise day can bo fixed for the blos
soming or fruition.
Only a vast exerlence can foretell the
degree of heat necessary toa plant, and in
all nurseries the greatest precautions are
utilized to insure success. In the nurser
ies referred to, more than. 40,000 feet of
oino aro used for heating, while a wind-
mill pumps 20,000 gallons of water daily
for use in the hothouses. The regulation
of heat varies with tho nature of the
. .
plant. The difference of temperature be
tween Individual noinouses
for. while in one thero will bo 100 degs.
or more of dry. parching heat, the next
will bcalmostcoLUndtheairof another
u.ay be heavy with a moist heat which
turns it into a vniair bath.
,..,.:., nr. rnrl.w-ilh
different siecies of plants, some thriving
under it and displaying marvelous ueau
tin which thev never attain in their
native state, while others, like the slen
der Dendrobium Thyrsillorum, refuse to
depart from ordinary laws and die when
artificial means are applied. The plants
are watered every day, and in some cases
twice or three times a day. This alone
takes up a considerable amount of tho
workmen's time, but it is not the only
ftttenton
clatuieu oy tneiu. n u;my
- . . h erCenhouse
. - , .
and each one of tho growths investigat
ed, certain plants clipped or grafted and
weeds and withered leaves removed from
11
To tho floriculturist flowers have no
romance. Tlitir cultivation to him Is a
mere matter of commercial value, and
the sight of a florist and his apprentices
seizing delicate plants by the handful
and pulling them hither and tinnier ai
ways fills the layman wmi aiuriu.
a MILLION PLANTS UNDER GLASS.
Each of tho spacious hothouse la de
voted to a single plant and its varieties.
and the whole number aggregates near
ly 1,000,000 plants. This ilrm handles
...... il.nn 1111 bouse in the conn-
mure i.i". ....... j
anJ ,t g(!nJlJ QUt ovtr mm ferng
.,. am uirla anj conditions of
Rre p,,, ailj fr0m the well
known Adiautiuin, or maidenhair, to the
Dixona, or tree fern, wliicli ireijueuiiy
aells for toO.
The other hothouses contain a pris
matic gradation of colors, from the pale
. th bu
J ,
. ft ,u rld
uurning urungu
from the duz-
hest deep red
course, roses are plentifully
ej. the well known La France
, , majestic American
BmJ t,ie newer varieties wbicli
,nerseded these in popular favor,
M the Bride, Puritan, William Francis
Burnett and Mine. Uolstie. The fashion
TgK Vlkg every ot,ert j tubject to
faJgi ftnd their pri.Mw are greatly affected
(n OTMequ,.nc, When a rose is "the
rage- the smallest platl. as 11 sprouw m
ti,. tine oota known as "thumb pots,
rorth from tl to $2; while later, when
its popularity is on the wane, the same
p ant fetches barely oe or wu iuu
' . .. . . 1 :
New York uommerciai Aurawa.
On an Oeean Grejbonnd.
V,rm Officer Capt. RLsquett, there is
fn riirht abend, and the ai
has grown ten deg.'ws cower in ina is
five minutes. We are now running at
three-quarter speed. What shall 1 dor
r.r.t Kiannett Goabead at full speed. If
we bit anything it all over with ns, but
if we scrape through with onlv a bump or
two it will be a great advertisement fo
the line, and I'll be presented with a nand
aome testimonial by the paeners as a
mark of their regard for my skill and cool
ness. LH her go for all she's worth.
Jester.
A Wall Street lUn.
Mr. Diicata-I beard that you took a
flyer In Wall street Utely. Wbt did you
clear? ..
ilr. 6irapped-My baa aooount.-i.ew
York Uarald.
QUESTIONING BUNCO MSN.
How P'twflr Met Them AfWr Lon
Hoarrh of Twalva Yrar.
"Pardon me, p-litlemen," he said, taking
ol bis hat and bowing to the four men whe
stood uear an entrance to the pmtolliee, "I
ould like to ask you a qiiotiou," and tit
lookud cautiously around him.
,r you bunco incur La added, lu
mystified voice.
" hat do you mean" asi:eu one of th
four sharply, pushing back his ailk bat and
looking daii'erouk.
"Now, pl.Msa don t get mini. I don t
watit to hurt any one's feelings. But you
uve been pointed out to mo a thousand
time as bunco muu. Arayuu real bunco
men?"
hero, my man, you'll iret Into trou
ble if you waste mijeh time around here,"
ouaauswured, toying with hit cuffs a it
eager to take them oil for action.
'I asked you not to get mud," pleaded
the stranger, reproachfully, and Hipped a
bit of thread o;T his shining sleeve. "I'm
lu earliest nlxuit it. Are you huueo men f"
'Are we bunco men?" was tho stem an
swer. "We arc gentlemen, and
"Well, are you bunco intleaien, then?
ain't particular about that."
"I any wo aro gentlemen, and if you In
sult us ugidn I'll smash every bone In your
ugly little body."
"Don t get mail, gentlemen; for heaven
sake don't get excited." berried, patheti
cally. "I would lihe to know. They say
oil lire, he ml.lid, in a tone or iiMlcv,-y.
"What do yon want to know for?"
"1 want to know."
"Why?"
"Well," he said, lowering his mild vole
toatnijpc whisper mm looiiiiiij at them
with np;-e.ilin eyes, "I am a detective."
"Oh:" f.mr voice replied cheerfully. "If
you are a detective tlmt s ilmcrent. How
do we know you are a detective, though?"
"Oh. I nm."
"Have vnu vour badge?"
"Here it Is."
"Well, well, my dear man, why didn't
011 ary so I efore? As long 11s you are a
detective we don't n.iud telling you that
we i;re bunco men.
"Ileal bunco men?"
"Yes."
"Why?" he mild, and an envious sigh
lipped from his li a.
'1011 see, he explained, "I have lieen on
the force twelve years and I have never ar
rested a bunco man. I don't suppose,"
esltatlngly, "that you would let 1110 arrest
you?
"ot to any great extent."
"It would Is. a great favor to me; would
make a great reputation for mo."
"Couliln t think of It."
"Not even one?"
"Nary .1 one."
"Think of it," ho urged In a mild voice,
I have not even seen or heard of one be
ing arrested In twelve year."
"Sorry, but we can t accommodate you.
Time's too precious. Kxect a train In any
minute."
Well." said the detective, sorrowfully,
if you won't, I suppose you won't," Hiid
he started to go away.
He suddenly turned and asked: "Well,
look here, If you won't let mo arrest you
will you take me In with you and make
me a bunco man?"
detective a bunco man! shouted a
derisive chorus. "You would ruin the pro
fession!" and the veteran detective sadly
turned away. New York Tribune,
Poor Utile Alphonmi XIII.
I often siiv that pimr peoplo must be
fonder of their children than the wealthy
are of theira. Thero is snch a poignant
interest In a child who will have to face
a sea of troubles. Poor little Alphonso
XIII must bo invested in his mothers
eyes witli an interest 01 tiinr kioii, oeio
. ... . 1 ... 1 I. :
the posthumous son of a vivcur ot a nau
constitution, who, having used himsell
up at the age of 20, died of a galloping
consumption. A Spanish deputy told ui(
last October that tho poor little boy Had
no chance of a long life and that it would
be rather a misfortune if he grew up.
The nervous system was so bad that the
doctors were afraid of having linn
bathed In the sea. A shock of any kind
miuht knock it to pieces. His mother
comes of the most epileptic branch ot
the imperial family of Austria.
Poor little Alphonso has, Enid the uep
uty I quote, llesliless litllo legs, wmi
bones no thicker than a chicken's. They
bend under the wei-ht of an ubnormal
Iv biir head, which points to hydroco
phalus. Altogether the conformation ol
the little monarch is a thing rather for an
anatomical museum than to bear the
weighty trappings of regal state. Ill
mother is always in ear shot of him and
the doctor handy to her. A corkscrew
sta r communicates with ins aim nui
bedrooms, and there is a speaking tulif
close to bis bed, so that were anything
the matter with him the nurse could at
once tell her and the doctor. The king 1
two sisters promise to lie winsome, and
have fairly good constitutions, though
their flesh U slow to heal. Mercedes, to
whom I told you so early as November
Snanhmls hero were bc"inninir to make
ud as shown in "homages or rrenci
toys, Btiir nurses dolls. They noticed on
tho sands of San Sebastian what a weak
limr tho uoor brother was, and jumped
to the conclusion that the crown would
soon drop down on the head of his eldest
sister. She and Theresa are very pretty
and cheery. Mercedes is very like the
queen of the Belgians, who was never
either one or the other. Her majesty is
an aunt of Queen Christiana. Mrs.
Crawford's Letter in London Truth.
Preaelrlne Aft-alnat Fortune Teller.
The nc. Father Wall, rector of St.
Paul's cathedral, scored the people of hi
narish vesterdav, particularly tho mar
ried women, on the practice of patroniz
ing fortune tellers and wizards who read
the past, present and luture.
"When a person visits a fortune tcllei
to ascertain his fortune, he goes to find
out what Uod alone, and no one else,
knows. When you give to a fortune
teller your presence, and make him or
her believe that they have a foreknowl
edge of seeing the inside view of the
future, you adore him and make him be
lieve he has power not given to the
dcviL If you think he can peer into the
future vou make him the equal or uoo.
Therefore you have strange gods before
Him. and violate the nrst commanumenu
"We find youths, young girls, and es-
DfciallT married women, making a prac
tice of tliis sin. If you deliberately visit
a fortune teller you are indulging in
mortal sin. If you go out of pure
thoughtlessness It is not so bad, but it is
a sin nevertheless. It is the same thing
as going to an idol and giving your heart
to 1l This is idolatry of the worst kind.
I would like to impress on your mind
that fortune tellers compose the worst
characters In the community. One class
of the business Is fortune telling and the
other is the seduction and ruin of youth.
To my own personal knowledge I know
of Demons who have been ruined by
consul tlnz these people. I warn all per
sons of the congregation, and hope you
will extend this knowledge, that It I
mortal sin against the first command
menL Avoid them and their nefarious
hnsinpasL for the designs they have on
the morality of youth." Pittsburg Dis
patch.
A DESPERATE FIGHT.
MODERN
STORY
VERSION OF AN OLD
ABOUT COLUMBUS.
Aa Account of the Day When Christo
pher Colniubua riayed the Itole of a
Pirate llow Ue Came to Dattle la Lis
bon A garage Ilatllo at Kea.
It is one of those tales that illustrate
the manner of this cruel ago. The
rlrotcs Lad long boeu tho scourgo of Uie
oncst Venetian, traders. Sometime
they would disguise themselves as inur-
chautiueu trading peacef ully to Candia
for wine, and then throwing off their
disguises, would prey upon ull around
them. No mercy was shown in tlteso
arful contests. Between tho sea rob-
rs mid tho merchants thero was a
listing and deadly hostility. It was to
10 pirate class that the Columbi be
longed, and of all tho corsair, of the
ay they were tho inobt renowned. The
elder Columbus had apparently lain in
wait in vain for tho rich licet that sailed
yearly to tho north. But ho had a son,
uown ns Columbus Junior, who fol
lowed t'.ia famo profession und whose
truo name was Nicolo Uriego, or Nich
olas the Creek. Ho at last succeeded iu
tho project which his father hud so long
essaved in vain. Tho prizo was a tempt-
one to tho bold buccaneers. Tho
landers cullers with their freight were
valuedatW0,0O0ducats-perhaisi',0O0,-
000 and would haro proved nn immeipo
fortune to tho captors could they buvo
tained tho pihuI.
In l lSj the galley wero equipped with
unusual caro. Wo have tho decree of
tho senate under which they set sail.
Tho Dogo Giovanni Moncenigo appoint
the noblo Bartolomeo Miuio raptaiu.
ith a salary of 000 ducats. Four gioa;
galleys aro provided, mid to each cap
tain a bounty of 3,500 golden ducats is
promised upon their safe return to Ven
ice. This money was to bo jiaid out of
tho tax on tho Jews, and calls up anew
Shakespeare's unreal picture; it is plain
that the merchants of Venice wero tho
truo Shylocks of tho timo. A medical
man was assigned to thotloot; bis salary
as only nine ducats a month.
Jlinuto rules are given for tho con
duct of tho expedition. Tho freight Is
to be paid to tho Btato. No dcckloads
of till or pewter ware aro allowed, no
currants nor molasses aro to bo stored
in tho hold. Two galleys were to go to
London or tho English porta, tho rest to
Sluys or Bruges. On their passage they
miuht touch at Malaga ami otuer port
in Spain; on their return a ship was de
tached to trado with tho Molmmmortan
along tho Barbary shore. The Vene
tians wore too keen twiders not to flud
profitable markets oven in tho land of
tho infidel.
The Columbi or the Grtegos were at
last to seizo their prize. They watched
with soven ships powerful, no doubt,
and well equipped off the Spanish coast
to intercept tho fleet or Bartolomeo
Miuio. Tho commander of tho pirates
was Nicolo Oriego, tho son, wo aro told,
of tho elder Columbus. Ilia father had
disappeared from eight. But with him
iu the pirate ships was another Colum
bus, tho future discovorer and admiral
of tho Indies. In bis "Life" Fernando
Columbus bousta of his father a shaxo in
this famous engagement famous be
cause it led to tho settlement of Colum
bus at Lisbon, his uiarriago and hi fu
ture oxploila.
Ho was now a man of at least City.
hardenod by thirty-six year of coasolosi
adventure. What potation ho held in
the pirate fleet, whether as commander
or seaman, his son doe not toll. We
only know that ho servod undor hi
relativo, Columbus or Uriego, ana mat
ho fought with despernto energy in the
famous sea fight of Capo ht. V inccnt.
The corsairs, or Columbi, approached
their prey in the evening. Thoy wailed
all night on the still Atlantic, and in
the morning rushed upon tuo Venetians.
It was sevon, perhaps eight, ships against
four. Tho galley woro heavy lauon
and nnmamigoablo compared to their
swift assailants. Tho Columbi had evi
dently resolved to niako uro of thoir
nrov. They sailed under the l' roncn
flag, and may have boon fitted out in
Genoa, It was tho custom ot tue piratos.
it Booms, to assume false colors. But
dreadful wa the contest and florce the
fight that ragod all day, as Columbu
had told hi Bon, on the tranquil ca
tho scene, nearly four centuries later, of
the battlo of St. Vlncont and hi narra
tive is confirmed by the Venetian ar
chives. The four great galley undor
Bartolomeo Minlo defended thcniselvo
with unfailing courage.
From the first to tho twentieth hour
they beat off their savage assailants.
Tho shins irrapplod with each other and
fought hand to hand. Thoy naod, we
are told, artificial fire, and the pirate
fastened their ships to the galley by
hook and iron chain. Then, no doubt,
they boarded and were at laat success
ful. And then Fernando Colon rolatc
the romantic incidont that lod, he thinks,
to the discovery of a now world. Tho
ship in which hi father fought was
lashed by chains and hook to a great
Venetian galloy. The Venetian seem
to have ct Columbus' ship on fire. The
flames consumed both vessels. The only
resource left to the survivor waa to leap
Into the sea.
Columbus, an excellent awlmmor,
seized an oar that floated near him, and
nartlv resting on it and partly swimming,
sustained himself in the water. He knew
that he was about six miles from the land,
the coast of Portugal, and made hi way
toward it Wearied, half Inanimate, he
wts dashed upon the shore. lie had
lunch difflculty in reviving himself.
p-Jt be waa near Lutbon and made in
way, a hipwreckod, pcnniles aeaman
to the Portuguese capital, Eugeue Law
rence In Harper .
A Waterpruuf Itopa.
A ronemaklna firm In Kngland Is manu
facturina a new type of rope called the
antimrrosiveand self lubricating wire rope.
The core and all the wires In tlie strands
are said to be coated with a composition
called elbeantolinc. wbicb tills up tne in
trstices of the rope and makes it Imper
vious to corrosion. The lubricant also
makes tbe rope more flexible. New York
Tunes.
A Daring Method of Attack.
The natives In some part of South
America are bold and retkle enough to
them aoine chance of fighting tbe alli
gator in tbe water. They dive under it and
plunife a long dagger into lu belly, and
aftr a few struggle tb hated monster
tnrns over on iu back and dies. New Yerk
Tribune.
T Care Sore Tar.
A towel, wet at on end aod pinned
round tbe neck, will cur aor threat.
, New Yerk JeanaL
A UNIQUE CEREMONY,
in Attempt le He Ma.le lo Caileo Us
Dlarorilluuuurt.
A crusade has been Inaugurated In Spain
to wipe out the last vestige of the gpaaiab
carnival. The movement, baa revealed a
iicer custom which 1 observed iu tb
huvllle cathedral. The ceremony a de
scribed by The Audulucla, of Seville, I
very unique. During the carnival tb
choir boy dance before the host every
veulug at & o'clock. After the regular
ceremonies of vexr lu the presence of
the archbishop and the canons "ten llttl
choir boy take their stand iu two ranks of
five facing each other before the altar.
They are dress.nl like page of the Seven
teenth ceutury with Jacket of red and
white In air I pes, while kuee breeches.
stockings and sailn slims; la their hand
they bold w hile hats, broad brimmed and rich uilu.s beyond, aud the "key" tothestlll
blub crowned, with drooping plume of . debatable territory. Notwithstanding Its
red and white feather. mole, steamer must anchiir away out In
"After 'Tantum Krito' lis been ung, to the bay ami passengers be rowed ashore In
the accompaniment of a full orchestra, the canoe. However, they no longer have to
boy beijlu a hymn In Sinih to a bright 00 carried through the surf cm tbe back
and charming air. When this Is ended of men, a during the Peruvian regime,
they geuutleet, put their hat on their for the port baa quite clumped her coin
heads, and liegin their dance, still singing plciion since claimed by Chill,
to the accompaniment of the orchestra, But that which brought us here baa
The dance is slow and stately, like the old nothing to do wltb the fitful Koveminents
minuet, with a pause between each step; of these burlesque republics, aud has ro
th u boys wind In and out, form various malurd unchanged through many ceutu '
lluures, and end with a plrouelto. At ths rlrs. Ut-hlnd the town a great windrow of
completion of the hymn the orchestra coo. yellow sand sweeps back from the Morro,
tinue the air, aud the boys accompany It forming a kind of ampitheater, unrelievrd
with castanets, "till dancing. The cere- by tree or shrub or blado of firiiH. This
mony is then reHald, wltb auother hymn ridge, and all the desert for miles beyond,
and dilTerent music, aud the whole per, I a vnst burial ground, which must once
formance lasts twenty minutes. have been of much greater extent, for It is
"At ItscoueluNion 'Tantum Krgo'l again known that during the last hundred year
sung, while every one kneel. The arch- theoceau baa made considerable Inroiul.
bishop gives hi benediction and depart A few year ago, when workmen were dig
with hi attendant, the people crowding glug up the aund to till Africa's pier, and
around, as bo gov down tho church, to kiss opening a track for the railroad that leads
his episcopal ring. A former pope scut a toTacn(tbe lmortantiityol thedisirict,
commission to Inquire Into this ceremony, forty miles inland), they found niummie
unknown except at the cathedral or bo
vllle, and there only practiced at the car
nival, the festival of the Conception In
IX-cember, and that of Corpus Chrlstl
In the summer. The papal commis
sioner, however, reported that the whol
thing was decently and reverently per
formed, and that the covering of tin
head wa simply the ancient Suinisli
custom; and so tho supreme authority
of the church could only give Its ap
proval to a harmless and charming cere
mony, which perhaps form a useful coun
tcrattractlou to tho masked bulls and oth
er spectacles of tho streets and theaters.
"The origin of the dancing is not attested
by any documentary evidence, but I Im
lieved to date from the conquest of Pevllll
bv St. Ferdinand from the Moors. It I
survival, In fact, of the autos acranien
tales, or miracle play, accompanied by
music aud dancing, In honor of the sacra-
ment, w hlch are chielly known to humpeaa
reader outside Spain through the compo
lilons of Cahleron. Hot only hoys, bul
also women used to dance liefore the boat.
until till part of the ceremony wa sup
pressed by nuthorlty. The enisle employed
at tho church dam i' i 1 ooville Is the prop
erty of the chapter, and strangers ara not,
as a rule, allowed to sec the scores. It ii
rumored that, In deference to modern sen
timent, tho dances will bedlscontlnued lie
fore long, but If this la to Iwthecaao.man)
will certainly regret the disappearance ol
one more picturesque scene aud cue mors
survival of mediaeval life."
Mradivarlua.
We are always glad to pick up any
Items relating to tho eminent Stradiva
rius and bis fiddles. There is a dispute
ponding In the court of sessions, Edin
burgh, upon the merits or wnicn we
would not breatheasyllablo.even though
we had an opinion to breathe; but, In the
courso of a prolonged Inquiry, some In
teresting details liavo come out. The
plnintUT I a wholesale fish salesman.
Muslo ha always been associated wun
the sea and often with fish. The story
Of Amphion recurs to every mind. The
lalntitl bought a "Stradivarlus" seven
years ago, wnicn lie now rcpmiiaica
- a
OiKin the ground that several lucno 01
the rim are not genuine.
In support of his grievance various ex
perts have been called, who enlightened
the Edinburgh jury upon things in gen
end connected with Stradivarlus. They
have learned In particular that ho was an
eccentric genius who never made lid-
dies "one after another all alike this
Information, we should think, must have
been rather embarrassing than Sustain
ing to the good men in their responsible
position. A for the particular Instru
ment in question, its belly was made by
8tradlvarlus, and the varnish on the back
was imparted by the same Immortal
hand. About the other parts or limbs
we are not informed, excepting "the left
side top," which emphatically "was not
that of Strad." Another export de
nounced the liliertles so often taken with
this grand name. It must lie a very poor
specimen and badly "doctored that sells
for loss than 100. The population of
Edinburgh have already picked up a
great deal of miscellaneous information
about fiddles in the course of the trial.
London Standard.
Mr. Vanderbllt's Picture.
There seem a certnin confusion as to
the Venetian picture by Turner which
Mr. Cornelius Vanderbllt ha purcnaaeu.
That helms bought It and paid the splen
did price of a hundred thousand dollars
for it there is no doubt, but we may re
ceive with a very large grain of salt the
rumor that the millionaire was ambitious
of acoulring Meissonier "Itixe," which
is one of tlie ornament 01 v inusor, nnu
. . . . ii-i-.. .
that he actuully offered tbe queen half a
million dollars for it. The fact that the
rumor came around by way of Paris is
sufficient reason for fighting thy or IU
The art of "faking" originated hi Paris,
where it had already attained colossal
grandeur before the first American jour
nal had been printed at Boston.
Whichever of the Grand canal picture
by Turner Mr. Vanderbllt has bought he
has cot a good one. Turner understood
Venetian color, and had a peculiar pro
cess of bis own, taken from tl early
Flemish school, and made hi own by
the extraordinary manner In which he
annlled it for rendering tho exquisitely
luminous atmospheres of the "Queen of
the Adriatic. And he was true aa true
a any mortal can be in the ever vary
bag. evanescent glories or sea ana iky
Buskin hit it when he said of Turner,
after accusing him of "exaggerating all
be saw," that the foundation ot all he
did was truth. The vivid and warm
colorings of nature be painted with the
deepest red and yellows; the gray b
attempted to Imitate with blue of too
strong a tint; yet the whole wa true in
principle, both in general and In particu
lar. Cor. Boston Journal.
Knowing a Reap.
"Hello, Uncle Mose," said a colored boy
on Pennsylvania avenue, "readin da pa-
pah r
Yes, sab; dat's what I la," said the Ten
arable ne a. a be adjusted his spectacle
and shook a fold out of the Journal thai
beheld.
"He yob notoased dat yob be it npslrt
lis It"
"II um er TaaMndeed; yer he ter know
er bean 'bout readin' fob yo kin da U."
Washington Post.
MIXES OF MUMMIES.
0ICG1NG FOM THE EMDALMED DEAD
13 AN INDUSTRY IN PERU.
The Pry lull of tbe raclflo Coast ef
Muiitli America eeiut to Have Preserved
la s neiuarkable Dcf ree tbe Bemala of
luliablluirta Hurled Many Year Age.
Ju-I north of the Morro la a low line of
verdure, mcsleru built house clustered la
rowtarouud a rather baudsonia church,
and a luni mole, the latttT piled up with
bHCA lulc and box. , and crowded with
soldiers, merchant and carifadorus. This
Is Arica, a port of considerable consequence,
because of being the outlet to Tucna and
everywnere; not oniy nuinuie usneruien
; wrapped in tneir net, ami lowiy iiiiers 01
wrapped I
the soil In shrouds of braided rushes, but
the shriveled bodii-sof cblefsand other per
sonage of consequence, enveloped in lias
cloth aud thin layers of beaten gold
These aristocrats of a bygone age fared
worse than their brother plctx-ians, for,
while the latter were left comparatively
uudlsturbed, lo lticos, now grim and
ghastly as the poorest, were stripped by
rude hands and their crumbling bones
tossed uncovered by the waysldu. Our
party went mummy hunting on horseback,
striking straight across the desert to a
point alsiut live mile south of Africa. We
were accompanied by several peone (labor
ers) and a suitable escort, for it 1 con
sidered unsafe for strangers to go out un
attended, a highwaymen are abroad In
the laud and the pconc might be tempted
to make new mummies if anything of value
were unearthed. However, people bent on
such blood curdling errands as disturbing
the dead are not likely to bunt alone, but
naturallly prefer company to keep thoir
spirits up.
Dig anywhere and you cannot go amis
of a grave. The spades of other inquisi
tive persons have scratched the desert here
and there, but the great bulk ot It Is en
tirely undisturbed except by fitful winds
that whirl the sand Into crescent shaped
mounds, and doubtless it will renmin so un
til, In the lapse of ars, the slowly encroach
ing Pacific, shall swallow It all. Nothing
can decay protected by the magnetic, dust
of this rainless region, and the content of
the tombs look aa If they were put there
yesterday. There is no consuming worm
or Insect. Flesh drle without decompo
sition; wood and vegetablo matter petrify
from the alisence ot moisture, while fabric
anil article lu stone and clay "keep" for
ever. Our workmen dug In several different
place to the depth of llvo or six feet, and
brought up a dozen well conditioned "an
clenU" two of which I have shlpiied to
tbe United State with their wrappings In
tact. Tbe most curious things we found
that day wero not the rings ot beaten gold
or silver encircling bony lingers, uor clay
water Jars molded in quaint designs, nor
bone spindles, wltb a thread still in them,
just aa the weaver laid down his work
some centuries ago, but the petrified eye
balls, which a careful digger may always
find, seldom Inserted in the face of tb
mummy, but fallen out among the wrap
pings. Modern science cannot comprenona now
these eyes were preserved; the commonly
accepted theory is that they were never the
visual organs of human beluga, but those
of cuttlefish, with which the mora perish
able optics of tbe subjects to be mummi
fied were replaced. JJut tuey are not lea
curious, and ara really beautiful things-
flat on one side, round and smooth on the
other, amberlike yellow In color, holding
light aa an opal, and varying In size Irom
tbe tip of your smallest linger to the end of
a man's thumb. They are eagerly sought
tor the setting of plus, sleeve button, etc.,
and areas durable as most jewels.
The early Peruvians preserved their
dead something after the maimer of the
Egyptians, except that the mummies or
P'-ru ara always lu a sitting posture, with
knee drawn up to the chin and bands
clasped in front of the knees. The head
and all Is first envelojied In dyed cotton
cloth, bound with roies of braided llama
wool (similar to the ropes made today by
Andean Indians); the whole uncanny bun
dle Inclosed within another netting of
ropes, or a basketlike case ot braided
rushes. Remove the cloth, aud tbe hair,
always long, black and glossy, will be
found elaborately braided, perbaps guiu or
silver earrings In the ears and a necklace
of tbe same metal depending upon the
breast.
The feature are well preserved, even to
their expression, which is usually one of
extreme terror and meutal agony con-
Arming the assertion of historians that
those about to die were placed by their
obliging relatives in what wa considered
the correct position lor a mummy, aim
firmly bound with ropes before the breath
bad left the body and death stiffened the
muscles. Cor. Pittsburg Dispatch.
Two Kind.
Guest (not at the bier stubs) This Wie
nerwurst smells, landlord.
Landlord-Of course It does. The violet
smell also. Fliegend Bbnur.
Too Suiplcluua.
Mr. Ferguson Mr. Slumshy Is such a
good manl Don't you think so, my dearf
Miss Sharps Yes; too good to be true.
Boston Post.
Overmatched.
Giles-What did Terwilllger say about
tbe twins?
Merritt-Sald it waa on too many for
blm.-Llfe.
Dtda't Waa to Olve tl Away.
Mr. Knwed Crosau (gallaDtlyl-Bettah
like my arm. Miaaea Croraruv
Mr. Citua Keep yo' arm to yo'scl, y"
bawn Idjotl S'pna I want to publish i
tee dat we's newly Buurriadrlexu tiUv-
r.r. -v J