A NESf AND A HOME,
m t U pre"' lnln
mm hu mule:
Thai "
vim wnt careful fashioning
Every tlwu.lald!
,7leiwitn nappy ong by day,
ind by nlKbl with rest,
. Now ' bul tbt ateleU thl"
, deserted nest.
e.,on empty dwelling-place;
Op It " borne;
llrcn'n"l'PT1nclng,ee,
lo indoutdld come.
.. . tDe curtains close aro drawn,
Deotbhatn been a guest;
n7re no st.'P l beard ; 'tls buV-
'A deserted nest!"
where have down the Joyous birds
That the nest did weaver
ire whjf so fair a place
nid Its Inmates leaver
no they miss Its sheltering wall
Where they took their rest!
Dotncy pine In soilness for
Their deserted ncstt
j,,' on strong and gladsome wing
Did they take their flight ;
Far In sunny lands they sing .
gongs of true delight,
pitiful would be their ery.
Sad each feathered breast,
Should they now be forced to seek
Their deserted nest I
go the dear ones "gone before"
From an earthly home,
Wait upon the "shining shore"
Till we, too, shall come;
jn that safe and blest abode
NoOihey sing and rest;
Would'st thou cull them back to claim
Their "deserted nestf"
-Helen Percy. In Good Housekeeping.
HEALTH N0TES.o
A Very Common Delusion Whloh
s Mere fcPoonshine.
Treatment of Small Wounil-A SnulT for
C.itarrh-Prrparatlon of Chll
n's Drinking Water The Slrk
Jtooiu lufairt Apparel.
In i cotcmporary there recently ap
wired a highly sontlonal Item about
ferocious cat" "It sucks the breath
o( Beverly child with nearly fatal re
mit" ft appears that a little girl was
found asleep with a cat lying on Its
toast with Its head close to ber Mouth,
"sucking her breath." ''The cat was
driven oflband the little one fainted
wy, and it vets feared that she would
Jie,"' Of all the dilusions which pos
ies mankind uid there are almoBtas
many as there are fain ot sand this
li one of the most absurd. We are liv
ing in what is callwd the enlightened
;e, but snh a yarn as this, reported
"nth in air of credulity, Denes tne fact
There Is absolutely so fotindatlol for
the delusion; It is pure alt simple mool
ibine. A iby might sleep with a cra
dle full of rats without fear of losing Its
breath. As far as the (anger front them
Is concerned, cats aro as harmless as
dojs, and every one knows that thp
litter are common bedfellows ot
children. A good, cloan, healthy
dog or cat would not, by sleepiig with
It threaten the health ot a chiH, any
iiore than would Its little baptber or
lister. These anlinuls are, of course,
liaUe to diseases not easily detected by
their owners; they are also often the
the carriers of infectims disease.
Atrain. thev throw jf impurities i the
breand throng tke sti. ii to tie
highest order of aairaars. fie sllPpjaf
room of Ihe averatn child is too stiall,
md does not hold pure air ewfth for
him alone: and so asotksr occssait
be it j child or a dog or a cat, would
hive an unhealthy infliieteo oge would
U as bad0as either of the others. For
these reasons it is not well to allow
peta to sleep with children, mi for nols
other. The cat lay on the chest of the
Beverly child. The llttie one's breath
ing, in consequcnte of the pressure, be
ttme'laborious. lteyond nil doubt,
frightful dreams were also igduoed.
h one of them the child Is suddenly
iwikoned, and In state of terror very
likely it did faint away; it would not
have been surprising bad a convulsion
come on. Assuredly there is nothing
npterious in this case, and the symp
toms were but te natuftil result of the
ause; only a very littfe common sense
it needed to plainly trace one to the
other. Hut superstition and common
wus are incompatablo; and when
they occur together superstition has the
elL
A small cut fs often held to be too
Silling for treatment, and so Is practi
cal!; neglected. A small wound upon
tke hands, as one made by a pin, some
times proves very dangerous, as appuars
from the following case, te facts of
which were developed at a coroner's in
o,uet in London recently: It was shown
h the evidence that the deceased and
kis sweetheart wero, as the latter said,
"lirking," when she happened to scratch
i thumb, lie disregarded the scratch,
Mch festered and resumed In blood-
poisoning. He was admitted to the
""piuii, became delirious, and died four
"y later. Death was due to blood
Pioning following the wound In the
"""ob. The jury returned a verdict of
"widental death." . Fortunately, such
as this are very rare. The hands
'very one come In contact with sub
Uncej which are more or less poison-
An unbroken skin on any part of
a body Is very decided barrier to ab
Tion, and that on the hands, thick
wl and hardened, is especially im
penetrable. The bodies of victims of
ruin maladies are in the most intense
"Pee poisonous, and hence are danger
!" to touch unless care is used.
king autopsies on such, If
m is a hangnail on either of the
'"Prs, or the skin Is otherwise broken,
uZi' me e8Poc'al precaution Is taken,
wod-polsontng is very likely to result
"consequence 0 tne absorption of the
J4- But while the skin remains ln
j1 there U little or no danger of such
ts. Physicians before making au
l'e. and students before dissection,
perally paint any little scratches,
'"l-nails, etc, with collodion, and
lrwari lubricate the hands well with
il or 80106 otDor el'y gent
eWsthe pores in the skin and
""tes tub danger of absorption. If
T cut or prick their bands while at
they rush at once to the sink, bas
' MB the parts, and then, unless the
i. " 1 Weeding freely, suck the same,
ter U not handy for washing,
"-J ipe U all that la done before the
J" sppiied to the wound.' Cndei
e6 liUons the prick of a needle is
ost dangerous, for by that means
wonS v U earTied ,n deeply, and the
". being very small, closes tigbUy
JzuU In the same. Ordinarily
""e'Ting a scratch from a pin or
t other small wound from a
"td instrument, will do well to
toTY1 thoroughly la very hot water,
TidT'4"1' until U U healed, keep
rU lmpl olntment or 1t'
gn-.Jj- nT danger of poisonous ab-
blThile handling foods which
nv0"" tainted, or other suspicious
j A snuB whfc
Is mtli'k nao.1 t ..
the f n I ctarTh composed of
luuuwmir lnirmil am., m .u-i
three paru; 6;
drredorrl8 root, flr. parts;" powdered
ugar. ten parU; powdered coffee, thir
J paru; pow '"rod niik flf
fhnT "5? 8 do more harm
han good in catarrh, for the reason
Ph. . 7." 140 M"y Irritating.
The first few applications of such are
likely to act pleasingly by "clearinir
frriuu8 h,ead;" bUt W ta 2
irritation Is almost always set up, which
narrows the nasal passages and makes
VaVf'-Tn ""ST8 uncomfortable than
he wag rt Btst ThU Corman inuff nan
mild preparation and would not Irritate
except In very exceptional cases. And
yet, some patients, with
sitlye linings to the nasal passes,
could not use it Its most active agent
is menthol, which is of positive value in
the treatment of catarrh of the nose
when rightly used. Taken all In all, it
would be safe for a victim of this an
noying affection to try this snuff if he
feels like doing so. If it does bin. good
he would be justified in using it occa
sional ly-say, take a pinch three or
four times a day, and, of course, he
would have sense enough to stop l if it
aggravated his trouble.
OWhen a young child under six months
of age is taken out for an airing during
the present season it should bP carried
In the arms. If tnmdled In a baby car
riage, even If very carefully clothed, it
Is more liable to tako cold tfiin if borne
as advised. All well children ought to
have an outing every day, but when it
is storming or intensely cold there
would be danger for om in such ex.
posure. In damp, stormy weathor they
Kiould, of courso, be kept housed, and
In a comfortably warm room, ventilated
through the adjoining rooms, wh'h are
also heated so as to dry the incoming
air. When it Is very cold a good plan
lstoOpen wldo the windows gf some
room into which the sun Is Aining tin
trl the air therein is as pure as the out
side air, tbon to close the window s and
bring the baby In well wrapped up, and
walk about with him for awhile. The
majority of mothers koep the nursery
much too warm and improperly venti
late. When it is heated by steam or
by furnace the air Is gonerally very dry
and irritating to the lining of the air
passages. As a consequence couglft are
(1 frequent occurrence, fo which the
little victims are dosedowith slrun of
squills and the like, whereas pure air is
the one essential to effect a cure.
Ilables are often thirsty, like their
mothers, and noed drinking wator. That
isTiot always easy toobtain in 1U natur
tl state. Slightly impure wur, which
strong adults might use without in
jury, would be likely to do lbies
considerable harm. The btst and
safest way is to boll for at leagt
twenty minutes all water given to them.
After that is done th water should be
filtered, bot?'d and set away in a cool
nlace. A filter wbi'h dots its work per
fectly is a oostly affair; nor is such a one
needed if the water ba hewn propwrly
boiled. Coarse Alteration is all that is
Kcestnry, and that can 1 efneted hf
ulig absorbent cottotv, in buying the
SfcSje make surv that It ha4 not bltt
MeMwtet. A aj of ti fm ed iat
tke bottot) of a funsl furi)ies very
fxA asl convfaiett Altar. Wbea tha
water Is froSi a f etertl Sepply, as 1
cities and tos, the ft'tsvr of le.tl
poisjig frost th pip must not S
overlooked, ajl ths feev't should
ktpt owe for at least ttnty ngnutfl
before the drlnkiee watr is draw.
Whel a persoa becoass ill aj tafos
to his bed, about the first thing dot,) ft
to darken the room, and if a flash rX
sunlight gets into It before be has
bef un to recover, it will be only after
the attending physician has delivered
to patients and care-takers a mcTlica"
jecture, and in wearisome detail dis
coursed upon tne importance ot natural
light to life and health. And this fault
is almost universal despite o fact that
even the newspapers have called atten
tioe to it time and time again. Cer
taisily no place could be more dismal
and depressing t.in a dark sick-room,
and perhaps for that reason the patient,
especially If be is a man, often Insists
upon his surroundings being made as
suggestive of suffering as possible Of
course there are hot days in summer
when comfort actually domands for a
time that the curtains be drawn,
and possibly the blinds closed and
the dazzling sunshine shut out;
but when it comes to 9naklng it a
rulo lo darken the sick room, nothing
could be more unwift. Sunlight is one
of nature's most pew-erful disinfectants,
having a dos',ructive Influence upon
those mlnuto poison which abound in
the atmospheres of many siok-rooms. It
also warms and rarefies the air, and has
a direct Influence upon the health. Not
only that but when a sick-room Is kept
darkened It Is sure to become untidy.
Taken all In all, this prevalent fault Is
most pernicious in Its results. Where
patients complain of the light, seta
screen at the side of the bed; or, if there
is none such in the house, call the
"clothes horse" Into service; stand It up
and then throw a shawl or two over It
A very little Ingenuity and effort will
overcome the annoyance and satisfy the
patient Then let the sunlight stream
in all day long if possible. It will prove
In any sort of sickness one of the most
powerful of remedies.
All the clothing about a baby should
be loose, and the tight band, with which
it is gonerally inflicted, Is not only not
needed-certatnly not after the second
week of life but it Is positively hurt
ful. There is a prevailing idea among
mothers that the baby's abdomen needs
a support, a notion which is simply ah
lurd. To keep the body comfortably
warm, and with soft roomj clothing, is
the essential. A woolen undervest,
preferably knit so as to secure elas
ticity, reaching to the hips, should take
the place of the old-fashioned "band.
As for the clothing. Dr. Yale makes
some very wise suggestions. He recom
mends three garments, beside the nap
kins, all covering the nee ana nur
twelve
ders and reaching ten or
below the feet
The
I
.! nrnipnt. M Well
m tDe
nne. is a lime ini"
every dimension than that beneath it, d(nlUt n, his officer Policeman
so that no binding shall take place. ,.you mein th, one who pulls teett
They are all cut in the glrdless pattern wltbout pain? Stranger-"Yes." IV
called "princess.' ine mn uceman uo n ''"'"' "
leeves. and may be of cotton flannel or yoo will bar, n0 trouble finding his
.eVr aoft wool flanneL If wool Is used. offlce. Vo0 her his patients yell
care must be Uken against shrinking in hllf , bloi.u ,y.Texas Sittings,
washing. The next garment has no Jobn..ciara, I've got an Impor
sleeves and no seams at the arm-bole ; quwltion to wk TOlL CUra-"!
to insure tgalnst pressure there. iBe knoir wht it is. You want me U be
material is wool flanneL The outer one wifp. i dreamed it Well, take
is the usual dress, with high neck ana . me . JohB ,, Bonpusd)-"You
sleeves, the details of which may be ; in,tmed ur ciara-' Ye. I dreamed
modified to suit tost. Thus, except ( ljb tli4, you Mked M wh,t im
the sleeves, the thickness is the same , yQU u& tb,t j,ou me U
throughout At nlgbt a garment like the. nM mJ kUM4 , ,ft,rlsald
one above dMcrtbed ana a napim
are worn. TJese mrrj ..r-- .-
: placed nnn t&llltln il. ll
drMsln? commences, palna being taken
wsvow wrinkles ana fold, and they
are put upon the fhlld as but owe gar
went with very little trouble. They
are removed with equal ease.-Boston
Herald.
MISCELLANEOUS.
At Tucamche, In Guatomala. the
"ys In a school recently seized the
master and hanged him in the school
house. At PotsUtwn, l'a., there is a family
of five women whose tastes are so dif
ferent that they have established a rule
requiring each one to do her own cook
ing. A l'biladelphla undertaker who has
much use for his telephone has had it
ringed up on a dumb-waiter arrange
ment so he can answer a call from any
part of the house.
A very sensible public gift is that
of Milton George to the city of Chicago,
by which .100 acres of valuable land are
transferred to the city for the use of an
industrial training school for boys.
- It's Concentration of thought that
tells in our daily endeavor. Just watch
the face of the small boy whan he is
taking aim at a tramp cat Phlladel
I'hla Inquirer.
A Minnesota schoolina'am, reported
devoured by wolves, comes up smiling a
wiO after her bones were picked, and
explains that she simply took a week's
vacation to get married In. Detroit
Free Press.
At l'ittston thore is a man who says
he was never ill a minute, lie explains
his good health by the fact that his
aotlier sewed a rabbit's paw in his
clothing when he was a baby, and he
has never been without It on his person
since.
It was observed long ago that the
glassCfcf windows on Cape Cod bad been
ground and bored through by the wind
dftven sands, and the soft sandstone
bluffs and towers of the Rocky Moun
tains bear evidence of having been
shaped in some degree by the same
agency. 0
A Hartford physician remarked that
he could generally tell, before smarting
nut to see his patbnts, how he would
find them in a general way solely by
the state of the weathor and the direc
tion of the wind; if the wind was north
west, he expected to find them respond
ing to its reviving touch.
. llovs at school usually svmnnthlzo
with a companion who is being i relied,
and those in a flaysvllle, Cal., school
proved to be no exception until the
"funding lad hit the teacher a woman.
Then they took the chastfiing in tbelr
hands, and, to use the word of a local
rtper, they "wiped the floor up" wit
the lad.
"Don't bring me any green pict
ures," said a dealer to a well known
artist by way of caution he other disy.
"I know they are pretty and fine and all
that, but they won't sell, and that's all
there is about it People wflit sunseU
and storms and things of that sort, with
lively colors in them, and they won't
buy green landscapes nowadays."
- One-cent pieces are not much in
San Francisco. Few aro in clr
'tilatlon there, agd, it is said, tltt
'those fcr are kept within forty feet of
the post-oltce. They go In A flie s Amp
indog at the rate of $3 or S4 a day.
They are carried from there to the
Money Order Department where they
ire used for making change. They
never get outsido the post-ofttce door,
hut Immediately find their way to the
stamp-window again.
A triangular bit of land outside the
borough limits of Stonlngton, Conn., is
an old family burying ground. The yard
shows neglect, bushes are growing
'herein'while tho walls in many places
have fallen down, and the entire sur
'oundlngs indicate that the dead quietly
eposing there have been long since for
gotten. One marble monument there
has an inscription that shows that the
lead deserved better fate tl?an obllv
. It reads: "When Rhode, Island, by
icr legislation from 1844 to 18.t), repu
listed her revolutionary debt, Dr.
Richmond removed from that State to
this borough and selected this as his
faijily burial plot, unwilling that the
"emains of himself and family should be
lisgraced by being part of the common
arth of a repudiated State."
"A LITTLE NONSENSE."
"Karllne, whad-jer doln' wtd yo'
bes' fur nfuff?" "Only ies sprinklln' a
ittle hair restorer on it De wool's
fallin' out" Time.
Physician "Why, man, yoi sent
word you had the grip." Patient "I
know, doctor, but I didn't think you'd
take time to visit a fellow who only bad
a common every day broken leg." Phil
adelphia Inquirer.
Sinarty "I wonder how the moon
manages to sustain her social status
among the hAvenly bodies when she
gets full so often." Tarty "Oh, the
stars all wink at her delinquencies"
Drake's Magazine.
Ponsonby "I understand that Dig
by's wife is deaf and dumb." SnaRgs
"That so? I wonder if she converses
with her flngors?" Ponsonby "Ouess
so. Digby is about the baldest man I
ever saw." Burlington Free Press.
Employer "William, Mrs. Sprig
gins complains that she received only
Dne of the bundles she had put up here
last night" William "That's funny,
sir. 1 wrote Mrs. Sprigglns on one
bundle and put ditto on each of the
others."
Bride "Are there many tunnels on
this railroad, Charles, dear?" Bride
groom "Quite a number, dearest 1
lelceted it on purpose. If I remember
rightly we are coming to one In a few
moments." Brakeman (entering) "Se
lect your partners for the tunnel,
please." America.
Stern Parent "You can not have
my daughter unless you love her as
your life." Lover-"Oh, sir, 1 11 die if
ihe isn't mine." Stern Parent-"Wbat
ir?
You would take your lifer lver
-"No, I would hardly do that- Mern
p4rent "Then you cant take my
. it
dauffbter. Jiunsej
"Where does that new
y0Q What could John ao7-lxw
loart,r
THE MARRIAGE TIE.
An Kloqiw at IWfriiw of the Christian Sacra
urnl and the Kthlrt Inrolwl,
The enemies of proper marriage as
sume that Christianity is hopelessly dis
credited. Well, for the sake of argu
ment let us stippoMO that this is so.
I Vies it follow that the ethics of marriage,
which, as a matter of fact, the modern
world has received from Christianity,
are also discredited? 1 reply most cer
tainly not The ethics taught by Chris
tianity are Independent of those mys
teries and would subsist to all eternity,
though Christianity and all religions
were swept into oblivion.
The moral law Is ascertained, not from
the announcements of prophets, apostles,
evangllsts, but from a natural and per
manent revelation of the reason. The
great fundamental truthsofethicsarene
ceKaary.likethegreat fundamental truths
of mathematics. So much concerning
Christianity and ethics in general. And
now, of the ethics of marriago in par
ticular. The earliest form of marriage
known to us was that in which the bride
was obtained by capture; her volition
counting for nothing, her consent not
even sought Then, she was accounted
a mere chattel. Now she is recognized
as a person; her liberty Inviolable; her
will free; to bo won she must be wooed.
Now marriage is a contract and is sub
ject to the ethical rules that govern all
contractu.
Marriage is something more than a
mere contract We may safely put asldo
the ecclesiastical view of it Quite apart
from that view, from ' those considera
tions, we must so account for it- For it
is a symbol of the mystery whereby our
spiritual lifo is joined to our bodily
frames. Nay, It Is more than that It
Is the outward, visible, sensuous means
whereby we attain to tho Inward spirit
ual grace of the purest joys, trie most
unselllslo affections that this world
offers. Ij is a natural sacrament, of
which the husband and the wife them
selves are tho ministers.
It is thetccomplishnicnt of tho man's
manhood and of the woman's woman
hood; the blending ot two personalities
in a social organism embracing their
wholo existences. Hut tho personalities,
though equal, are diverse. More, there
aro far-reaching psychical differences.
The old pi a tonic futile that tho woman
is the other half ot the man is pro
foundly true. Sho is the complement of
him and he ot her.
Let the perfect Ideal of indissoluble
marriago bo onco definitively rejected
by tho world, and human society will In
evitala' full back o that wallowing In
the nnre from which the Church rescued
it And in whatever degree you tampe
with this ideal and derogate from its
strictness, In that degree do you demor
alize woman. Yes, and man, too; for
assuredly he speedily sinks to her Pj'vel.
1'he morul tono of society, I say, de
ponds upon the chustfty of womun. And
the chastity of woifian defends upon the
thxolutu sanctity of marriage. V. S.
t.illy, in Forum.
THE GERMAN DOMESTIC.
She Wear No Hana-a, Hut Hhm lines the
Work nf Two Men.
The Herman servant girl has no bangs
ffor bangles, nor fur-lined coats, nor
four-buttoned kid gloves. She if square
shouldered, heavy-featured and large
limbed. She is neither clean, quick,
nor intelligent but she can work. She
has the strength of an ox, and is always
willing to use it Most servant girls in
(ierman cities are peasants. Daughters
fOf the poor town-bred families usually
become factory naiflis, slum girls or
waitressess.
The conservative peasants, however,
with their old prejudices In favor of
every thing feudul, prefer domestic
servicos for their children to any em
ployment. As soon as tho peasant's
laughter is fourteen or fifteen yearsSild
she learns how to split wood, hoe pota
toes and plant cabbages. She milks the
cow before breakfast, hitches her to th
plow after breakfast, and often turn
furrows all the morning under the dlroo
tion of her father, who, in the mean
while, smokes a pipe and rests. She
mows hay aud digs water trenches.
During the harvest she carries great
busketfuls of vegetables from the fields
to thf barn on her back. When her
younger sister becomes old enough to
help her parents to work the llttlo firm,
however, the eldest daughter loses her
grip on her father's heart She Is re
garded by him as an Incumbrance.,
nothing is more useless In the eyes of a
(ierman peasant than a grown daughter
who does not earn her living. There
fore, if no Hans or Fritz wishes hor to
tie his helpmate, in raising cabbages and
potatoes, she must go into domestic
seraice in the city.
Like almost all novices in an occupa
tion on the continent she serves an ap
prenticeship. For several montbsshe re
ceives no wages, nor does she deserve
any, for her stupidity Is phenomenal.
She has never walked on a carpet be
fore, and doesn't know a napkin from a
dishcloth, or a coal-bucket from a ket
tle. She blacks the Herr's patent
leather shoes and oils his rubber boots.
She puts the table-cloth on the floor and
the rug on the table. In fact she If as
strange to most of the furniture and
customs in a comfortable house as a
Persian or Indian. She learns slowly
and laliorlously, but she never forgets.
Indianapolis News.
Travel In Old Time.
Recent chronicles of rapid transit by
our magnificent ocean steamers aro in
wonderful contrast to what Is related ol
a Major Langbourn, sid-de-camp to the
Marquis de la Fayette, who had for hit.
amusement being an American gentle
man of fortune, traveled on foot through
Great Britain, Lapland and Russia, and
intended continuing his travels in lh
same way through Germany, Italy and
Turkey, and returning to England U
take his passage to America, which be
Imagined would occupy him ten years to
accomplish! He is said tohave met with
many hardships and had escaped from
many perils of which he did not like U
speak, lie was accompanied by a faith
ful traveling companion a dog and foi
his available accouterments had s pocket
compass, a hatchet, a pair ot pistols, s
sword, and one shirt in bis bag with
which to change that on his back Bos
ton I'ost
Haw VUpoae of Bawar Gas.
A plan for disposing of sewer-gas pro
posed somo time since by Mr. John
1'enn, of Greenwich, England, has come
up again for serious consideration. The
scheme is simple, and as experiment has
shown, effective. Chambers' Journal
describes the method as consisting In
"causing ordinary street lamps to be
' made air-tight except an opening below
I leadiif into the sewer or drain, and a
i chimney above to carry off the products
Of combustion." Test papers applied
Immediately below the burner, by dis
' coloration show the presence of the gas
: In abundance; applied above attest Its
! absence, thereby proving that tue gas
baa beta consumed.
PROGRESS OF INVENTION.
Why tha llrnnie A ran Ha Tailed the
Resinning of t'UIIUatlon.
The earliest and simplest forms of
bronio ate with which we are acquainted
are profoundly interesting, as casting s
flood of light upon the general process
of human evolution all the world over.
Every new human Invention is always
at first directly modeled upon the other
similar products which have preceded
it Then- is no really new thing under
the sun. For example, tho earliest En
glish railway cnrrluges were built on tho
model of the old stage-coach, only that
three stnge-coaches, as it were, were
telescoped together, side by side -Urn
very first bore tho significant motto,
Tria jitnrtti in w-and It was this pro
conception of the English coach-builder
that has hampered us ever since with
our hateful "compartments," Instead of
tho commodious and comfortable open
American saloon carriages. So, too, the
earliest fire-arms were modeled on the
stock of tho old cross bow, and the
earliest earthenware pots and pans
wero shaped like the at ill more primitive
gourds and calabashes. It need not sur
priso us, therefore, to find that the
earliest metal axes of which wo have
any knowledge were directly molded on
the original shape of tho stono toma
hawk. Such a copper hatchet, cast in a
mold formed by a polished neolithic
stono celt, was found In an early Etrus
can tomb, and is still preserved in tho
museum nt Berlin. Sco how natural
this process would lie. For, In the first
place the primitive workman, knowing
already only ono form of axe, the stone
tomahawk, would naturally reproduce It
in the new material, without thinking
what improvments In xfeapo and design
the malleability and fusibility of the met
al would render possible or easy. But,
more than that, the idea of coating tho
polished stone axe with plastic clay, and
thereby making a mold for the molten
metal, would be so very simple that even
tho neolithic savage, already accustomed
to the manufacture of coarse pottery
upon natural shapes, could hardly fall to
think of It. As a mattered fact, ho did
not think ot If, for cells of bronze or cop
per cast In molds mado from stono
hatchets, have been found In Cyprus by
General dl Cesnola, on the site of Troy
by Dr. Scbllemann, and in nmny other
assorted localities by less distinguished
but equally trustworthy archiwloglsts.
To the neothilio hunter, herdsman, and
villager this progress from tho stone to
the metal axe probably seemed at first a
mere substitution of an easier for a more
difficult material. Ho llttlo knew
whither his discovery tended. It was
pure human laziness that urged tho
change. How nlco to savo yourself all
that long trouble of chipping and polish
ing, with ceaseless toil, in favor of a
stone which you could melt at ono go
and pour while hot lntc, a ready-mado
mold! It must have looked, by compar
ison, like weapon-making by magic; for
properly to cut and polish a stone axels
the work of weeks and weeks ot elbow
greaso. Yet hero, in a moment, a hot
ter hatchet could bo turned out all fin
ished! But tho Implied effects slay
doeper far than tho ne.illthtu hunter
could ever havo Imagined. Tho bronze
axe ws the beginning of civilization; It
brought the steam engine, tho tele
phone, woman's rights and the county
councillor In its train. With the eye of
faith, hud he only possossed'that useful
optical organ, the Stone Ago artlsiAi
might doiibtlejs have beheld tho dj
ceased wife's slfttur looming dimly in
to remote future. Till that moment,
human lifo had been almost stationary:
henceforth it proceeded by leaps and
bounds, liko a kangaroo society, on Its
upward path toward triumphant de
mocracy and tho penny post. Tho nine
teenth century and all Its wiles hung by
a thread upon the success of his molt-lng-pot
Corn, hill Muifjizine.
SOME FAMOUS GARDENS.
Nothing III Mwlrrn Time to rum para
with tha Works nl Antiquity,
fly the time of Alexander tho Ver
slun love for gardens and parks, with
many other forms of luxurj, hud ob
tained a strong foothold among the
Greeks, especially In their wealthy
colonies, and wherever the conqueror's
footsteps are followed we read of ad
miration for the works ot tho Persians
and of a desire to imitate them in now
constructions. When Hurpalus was left
Governor of the province of Babylon he
was desirous, says Plutarch, "to adorn
the palSee 'gardens and walks with
Grecian plants, and suooeeded in rais
ing all but the ivy, which the earth
would not bear, but constantly killed."
When the city of Alexandria was laid
out "in tho form of a plothrum or mili
tary cloak" its vast palaces and publlo
buildings were surrounded with squares
and gardens to such an extent that,
buildings and grounds together, a third
of the space within the walls was ab
sorbed. Dinocrates (or Dlnochares) was
the architect to whom the work was
confided, and It was be who conceived
the idea of carving Mount Athos into s
statue ot Alexander "with a city in ths
right band and a reservoir ot mountain
streams in the left" Is such a scheme
entitled to be ranked among landscape
gardening designs? And if not, where
shall we find U? tot It can hardly
be called engineering, since beauty, not
utility, was the main object In view. At
all events, it remains the most ambi
tious ides that was ever conceived with
regard to the adornment of the surface
of the earth. Luclan tells us Hiatal
Cnldos there was a great pleasure
grout.d dedicated to Venus, where even
"distinguished citizens" enjoyed them
selves on the verdant meadows, and
where the common people came in
crowds on holidays; and be mentions its
cypresses, pianos and myrtles. In
Sicily, where luxury went hand in band
with tyranny, gardening seems to have
been practiced In an especially sumptu
ous way. Dlonysius, of Syracuse, bad
famous gardens where bis feasU were
hold; one of the Hieros built a war gal
ley in which the poop deck was covered
with earth and beautifully planted; and
some modern writers have thought that
the famous quarry pits near Syracuse,
where the Athenians perls-hed In agony,
were afterward planted as pleasure gar
dens. About three hundred years be
fore Christ Kotys, King of Thrace,
"took his pleasure by a cool stream in
a forest through which be bad built
"level roads." A hundred years later,
near Athens luielf, Ilerodlus Attlcus
possessed a villa surrounded by large
forests, which Is spoken of by Aulus
Gelllus In his "Attlo Nights," and
when Xenophon rellred from his native
country to Scllius, near Oiympla, he
erected an exact copy on a smaller seals
of the k m pie of Diana at Ephesus, sur
rounded It with a similar "grove of cul
tivated trees, bearing whatever fruits
are eatable at the different seasons," and
had spacious hunting grounds in its
vicinity. Garden and Forest
AN ELECTRIC RAILWAY.
A Ryttam Thil Thrratrnt a Kf nliillnn
Carrying M ill ami Mprr-t I'arkagae al
a Nprail iif 4 in MMi-. an Hour. '
David Or. Weems, of Baltimore, Is
the inventor of h new rapid transit
electric rnllwMy system which promises
to rovolntloiil.o the currying of mulls!
a ml express, Ho bus been Interviewed :
on the subject of his new invention ut I
his home in Lmn-nl, Maryland, ami has
now given tho following interesting i
details of tho plan: The railway has
two rails, very much liko any other ;
railway, but It is enclosed -hero In a i
sort of lattlco work and there by a
bHrlMd-wiro fence, which stretches
nlong on both sides. But tho queerest '
thing about this rullroad is what travels
on it.
Mr. Weonis, standing in t!in door of ,
a shed, touches a button, when out of '
Ihe shed crawls nil Iron pluted thing
about two and half foot square and
twenty feet long, pointed nt ono end.
It Is on wheels ami looks very heavy
and clumsy. No sooner hnvo you Ihi
gun lo look itoveriind wonder whether
it is a torpedo or a rock crusher than
it disappears. It goes off liko a flush.
Apparently nothing touches it nothing
propels it Hut it L'oo. A llttlo nun-
blc?, a dark streuk going around the
curvo of the circular railway, and It is
hidden In a clump of trees. Mr. Worms
still stands with his hand on tho but
ton, watching a pencil moving in an
automatic dovlco over a piece of rulod
paper. "At the half!" he exclaims a
moment or two later; "Onomllo!" then
"A miio and a half!" and a few
seconds more tho long black things
on wheels whizzes by. Yon tako out
your watch and tlmo it In a
llttlo loss tluin 6i mlmiU) It re
appears. In another mlnnte it whizzes
past onco more. As It goes rougd and
round it is liko nothing so much us u
big shuttle moving in a circle witli in
conceivable rapidity. The track Is
exactly two miles in clrcumferenco.
"We are not running very fast now,"
Mr. Weems says. ' Only 1,-tiH) revolu
tions of our dynamo. This gives us a
speed of exactly two miles a niinuto.
Our machines develop wp to 10,0 HI revo
lutions and wo have nm them 3,500 rev
olutions, equal to moro than four miles
a minute, fortwenty-foiirliours without
shipping. On a first-class track, rea
sonably straight and without too many
stoep grades, we can easily develop a
continuous speed of fwmi throo to four
miles a mlnuto. In fact, thcro Is prac
tically no limit to tho spood that our
power can prifiluce. Tho only quo stlon
is how much speed tho tracks and curs
aro able to stand. The track wo nre
now using is curved and full of heavy
grades,"
Tho success of this romtirleuhlo rnll-
way has boon so thoroughly assured byl
actual demonstration that Chicago may
now begin looking eVn'vanl to tho re
ceipt of mall from Now York tumour or
five hours.
"Within a very few years," said Mr.
Woeins, "there will bo a double, track
electric railway from New York to
Chicago, about 9()0 miles long. The
track will havo a twelve Inch gauge
nnd will bo enclosed in n net work of
barbed wire. Tim wires of which this
fence Is made) will bo used, for tele
graph, telephone mid nutoinatiu sig
nals. Overhead will bo spaco for car
rying it hundred commercial telegraph
wires. Tho track is so light aud tho
rolling stock so easily carried that at
vorj small additional cunt tho road can
ho elevated through towns and cities,
and whorevor it may be necessary to
ohvlato heavy grades. Through this
protected way trains two and a halj
foot wide and of about tho same height
will run nt tho speed of 200 miles an
hour. No nnglnoinen, conductors or
briikcmen accompany tho train, whose
movements aro controlled oaslly and
absolutely I rum tho power sta
tions. Of Ihoso stations there will
be ono In New York, one in Chi
cngo, and seven on the linn about 100
tulles apart Those power stations will
roqulre a capacity of about 300 horso
each, and any practical engineer can
Compute tho cost of maintaining thorn.
It is really trilling, considering tho ef
ficiency developed. If water powor
can be had for sotno of the stations,
even If five or ton miles from tho track,
it will be .utilized, power being trans
mitted by wire. In operation trains of
four or Ave curs will bo run, a motor
car and throo or four others. The cars
aro so telescoped together as to form
unbroken surfaces, top, bottom and
sides, and the rear cur, as well as the
first or motor car, Is pointed, so as to
offer the least possible resistance to
air. Tho movement of each train Is
automatically and accurately registered
on a chart In tho power stations. The
slightest accident to the train or the
presence ot an obstaclo on the track
shuts off the connection. At the will
of the dispatcher a train can be stopped
at any point, backed up or started
ahead again. Tho trains aro, therefore,
under complete control, and If trnfllo
should not justify the building ot a
double track a single truck could be
easily and ofliciunlly operated."
Whr Soma Women Are III,
The average woman understands just
about as much about anatomy as a
French doll. Look at our girls and tell
mo how many of them are up In that all
important study physiology. Yes,
every thing else under the sun is
crammed Into their heads, while tbey
are allowed to drift into womanhood
totally Ignorant of the needs and neces
sities of that delicate structure, the
human body. A time comes, and it is
generally too late when they awake to
the fact that they are physical wrecks.
I do not think that I am exaggerating
the matter at all when I speak so em
phatically. I am constantly called to
visit women who have, through Ignor
ance alone, developed the most distress
ing complaints. Troubles that were I
frank with them, they would under
stand as Incurable and must go down
with them to the grave. A Philadel
phia Physician. f
Citron Pudding: Mix one-half pintof J
cream or rich milk with a tabloapoonful j
of Hour until they are perfectly smooth, i
then add two ounces of fine sugar, a lit- :
tie grated nutmeg and three well-beaten j
rgg the whites and yelks separately;
when thoroughly incorporated, add two I
ounces of citron cut in slips dredged j
with flour. Pour the mixture into i
molds and bake fifteen minutes ia a
quick oven. Send to the table hot j
Good Housekeeping.
THE SECRET OE BEAUTY.
It I.Irs at Murh In .Man nun a It Una la
Fra litres.
What has beauty to do with love?
Here is a question harder to answer
than to ask. We all have known that
Ihrre is some sort of connection lie t ween
them, but it is hard to de tine. Poets have
often tried to detlno i'., but, like other
mortals, have failed. John Keatsoomes
s near It, perhaps, as any of them when
lie says:
M.-Hutv Is (ruth, truth Is lieauty-that Is all
Ye knew on earth, anil all ye neeils to know."
That which we know to be true Is
more beautiful than that which we know
or suspect of being fulse.
Haven't you known persons who
seemed beautiful in your eyes until you
discovered thnt they were not what they
seemed'.' As long as they Impressed
yun as being true they wero hcautlfi.l,
but the Urnl linn of mistrust mado them
ugly.
You can not love the fulse in nature.
You may admire it ami you may lie fas
cinated by it, but you can not love it
A nillliner-mnde, band-painted woman
may win your admiration and she may
fascinate you, but sho can never win
your true love. This is true, because
nature has made It so. The true and
false go sido by side, but never hand In
hand.
The man who mistakes fascination for
love Is In great danger of being led Into
a path of misery. His affections will
not be returned, neither will his kind
ness or gentleness be appreciated.
She alone is truly beautiful who is
true. Her face may not be pretty nor
her form exactly sylph-Uke, yot she Is
b.mutlfiil in tho eyes of him who ho
lleves in her. 0
May tho fellow not use a little pow
der, or. the palo-chockcd indulge in a
tinge of rouge?
Certalnlyhey may, because It is tho
duty of every woman to look well.
It Is tho duty of every girl, J'o'ing
lady, married woman and old maid to bo
just as handsome as she can.
To do tills she need not resort to ex
cessive padding, extensive dyeing or
lavish painting. Indeed sho need not
resort to padding at all, bcoauso fashion
is so very liberal that tho thin aro al
lowed to wear loose, flowing gowns,
while the stout wear theirs as tight as
tho skin. Tan and sunburn are also
fashionable, as thnt dark, and even
tawny complexions are not only allowa
ble, hut quite the thing.
Reality lies as iiiini in manners as in
features.
If our girls and young women keep
this in mind, and strlvo to he well-mannered,
they would not be so much In
clined to paint, powder and dress in
fussy fashion.
It Is the well-mannered lady who feels
most at ease In public, and attracts ths
most respectful at tention. She may not
excite as much comment as her flashy
and highly colored sister, but hor
chances for happiness and pi spcrlty
are much better.
Some ludies feel flattered to have
gentlemen turn and look after them on
the street, to gaze at them In public and
make remarks about their shape. Could
they hear the sido remarks that are
made tluTy might not feel as highly flat
tered. .
Neatness, in dress and quietness in
manners are two things that never tail
to 'win the honest admiration of re
spectable, virtuous men.
Many a woman has won tho affection
of a good man by the neatness and tidi
ness ot ber dress, and lost It by becom
ing negligent and slovenly after mar
riage. Pittsburgh Commercial Gazutte.
FLOTSAM AND JETSAM.
Interesting Information Cnnilensed From
the Columns nt Many Tapera.
Ihe oldest inhabited tovtn in the
S'orld Is said to lie Damascus.
Five varieties of the alternunthera, a
plant native of tho Capo of Good Hope,
nre used to border flower Weds and lawns
in the Alcazar grounds at St Augustine,
The bright colors produce a pretty effect
An aged lady ot Klinwmxl, near Cin
cinnati, being taken ill while out driv
ing, requested her driver to take hor to
the ollico of an undertaker whom she
knew wel. He did so and she died a
few minutes after her arrival.
A New York dry goods merchant says
that frequently somo of tho subordinate
employe receive larger remuneration
than the men In whoso hands rest tho
main responsibility for running a busi
ness. The men who usually make tho
most money in tho wery largo firms are
not the superintendent and his chief as
sistants, bnt the buyers of departments.
The biggest edible oysters In the world
are found at Port Lincoln in South Aus
tralia. They aro as large as a dinner
plate and the same shape. They are
sometimes moro thu-n a foot across the
shell, and the oyster tltshis shell so well
he does not leave murh margin. It is a
new sensation, when a friend asks you
to lunch at Adelaide, to have one oyster
set before you, fried in butter or eggs
and bread crumbs. Hut It is a very
pleasant sensation, for the flavor and
dellcney of the Port Lincoln mammoths
are proverbial in that land of luxuries.
The last pearl-Ashing season In Ceylon
could not have liccn more successful
than It was. The season only lasts
twenty-two days, and during that period
11,000,1)00 oysters were brought to the
surface by fifty divers. They are paid
by one-fourth of the number. This sea
son the whole produce was sold at the
rate of 24 shillings per 1,000 shells. The
Government received 'JO,000 as their
share and the divers , 400. The largest
pearls are worth In Ceylon from 40 to
irtO, and in Kurope they fetch three
times the price or more.
At Ansoiilu, Conn., some old women
got together and cured a child of mem
branous croup after the doctors had
given It up. The patient was thorough
ly wrapped up in flannels and his head
and thront wero rubbed with goose
grease. A dose of the stuff, mixed with
vinegar, was with difficulty forced down
the child's throat In a short time ha
vomited up a large portion of the mucus
and broke up the clogging matter In the
throat Ileing placed in bed, he soon
went to sleep, and the next day he was
playing about ths house and appeared
to lie far from dying,
Salem, Mass., formerly had a large
trade with Africa. All that trade was
gradually transferred to Huston. It Is
Just as large as It ever was, but because
the country has grown so enormously It
has become small in comparison with
other line of trade. One of our modern
ships will take a cargo to Africa as large
as all the ships of Salem In the old days
could carry In a year. There are over a
dozen vessels engaged in African trade
from Ronton. There is close competition
with the F.nglish for this trade. Ships
take out miscellaneous goods. Rum is
the chief thing. Then bright calicoes,
beads, music-boxes, and so on. Ths re
turn cargo Is mostly palm oil, gold dust,
furs and tvorj.