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About The Eugene City guard. (Eugene City, Or.) 1870-1899 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 10, 1887)
' . v." ' . . IMB1BT . i -iiii i" in i UJJ1I1JU111 V. lira Jin. l'.fk - n 'y )' lii,. D II 1 I'hi-i li-all) Ali 1 Old Mot 4 it Jerrjf ' , v; onfines Himself to youe Tariff. cull at I iiiilJortil ii ml. . Mini, (ml Pislitr.aiid Orders for be left lit III hundred, r than Internal cheap, i " Dr. TavW16 taUW-tofion on Wool. . ' J. tlporU of tas recreUry of War and ' ' ins Attorney Gonoral. ,5T BE CHECKED. i 1- In Washington, Dkc. 6. Tho presi at'd message was delivered to con si to-day us follows: s the Cuixjmt of the United Slal": You are confronted nt tho threshold of ; r legislative duties with a condition i!ic na,n:i! finances which impera rly dev inJs immediate and careful isider,- m. Tho amount of money "-'"!,.5nU:ed through the operation IImg alm-vs, from the industries e in . ,,,,, people, iBrBeiy . oTVsarytomeetthe ex" g the nortujrmnen'- hen we 0. V. Hunl'eory of our institu ntial whnrf every citizen the full irusT?'UiU f hiS inJu8tr-V J buoy at tli "Iy BULh (io,,llction ii nrH duly tlia; towards the careful in Uuele Saiuiintenance of the gov rhe Btenmer iftecta uim, it is plain 23 -- similar ri-pal8 culpable betrayal of .meeting of t'O. - This wrong in- vottd a fur ' 'who bear the burden 5ttt. like wrongs, JtoJotwnlof evil conwl'net Jfttk ami ;rvi which should only rty whicb' i conveying the people's tot the prtajtimate objects of ex- I Cottar eS a 'l0ilrt'',1S Phu'e for I . y withdrawn from trade ltkomouk J U8ei thus crippling our I c es, obstructing our conn iii Bpment, preventing invest I Sanyuiative enterprises, threaten last Sj disturbance and inviting . , - public plunder. This con Jitrj.r treasury is not altogether IDeit has more than once of late Vn tho congress, who alone can VHivrcrf. And yet the situation .' itiiiui'S, with aggravated incidents : ten ever presaging financial con Mi 1 widespread disaster. It will to neglect this situation because g.-rj are not now palpably immi wl apparent. They exist none the rf.iii.!y antl on an unforseen and .ivted occasion they will be precip i ;ipn us. the hiyh and UnaCcwbt purposes nf our government. ANGERS Of THK SITUATION. I have deemed it my duty thus to nnng to the knowledge of my country Unco caused a condition of financial dis tress and apprehension since their lust adjournment which taxes to the utmost all the authority and expedients within undoubted executive ower of relief. Heretofore tho redemption 'ttf tho 3 .per cents, only which were payable at the option of tho government, has afloidtijl a means for tho disbursement of the ex cess of our revenues, but these bonds have all been if tired, and there are no bonds outstanding, the payment of which we have the right to insist uon. The contribution to the sinking fund, which furnishes the occasion for expenditures in tho purchase of bonds, has been al ready made for the current year, so that there is no outlet in that direction. VARIOUS REMKDIKS DISAPHOVKn. The only pretense of any existing ex ecutive power to restore at this time any part of our surplus revenues to the peo ple by its expenditure, consists in the supposition that the secretary of the treasury may enter tho market and pur chase the bonds of the government not yet due, at a. rate of premium to be agreed upon. The only provision of law from which such power could be derived, is found in an appropriation bill passed a number of years ago, and it is subject to the supposition that it was intended as temporary and limited in its applica tion, instead of conferring a continuing discretion and authority. No condition ought to exist which would, justify the grant of power to a single t llicial, upon his judgment of its necessity, to with hold from or release to (he business of the people, in an unusual way, money t . . , , T held in tho treasury, and thus allect, at ffonmted to the people s represent- ,. ., l, , , , Ins will, the financial situation of the tho congress, who alone can ... . . ., , country; aim u H is ueeuieu wise lo lodge in the secretary of the treasury the authority in tho present juncture to pur chase bonds, it should be plainly vested and provided, so fur as possible, with such checks and limitations as will de fine his official right and discretion and at the same time relieve him from undue responsibility. In considering the ques tion of purchasing bonds as a means of restoring to circulation the surplus meney accumulating in the treasury, it should be borne in mind that premiums, must, of course, be paid upon such pur chase ; that there may be a large part of !these bonds held as investments which cannot be purchased at any price, and that combinations among holders who are willing to sell may unreasonably en hance the cost of such bonds to the gov erment. It has been suggested that the present bonded debt might be refunded at a less rate of interest anil tho dillerenre be tween the old and new securities paid in 5 b'r flallln. In f.r (hot ..nrnosn out-1 cash, time finding use for the surplus in O I . 1 .I T.. tne treasury, ahh suixess ui hub ymn, it is apparent, must be founded upon the volition of the holders of tho present bonds, and it is not entirely certain that the inducement which must be offered f sum of money needed by them would result in more . ..ancta, f .-,v..U l.i . .k K.,.ia-! benefit to the government than the pur- chase ot tne bonus, wnne uieiuu.-i proposition would reduce the principal of the debt ty actual payment, instead of extending it. The proposition to deposit the money lipid bv the government in banks ' ofthoflnancial affairs among throughout the country, for use by t he P-opl- Hill needing relief immed-! people, w, w em8 lu , ";vulterthe3Dthdav of June. 1S87. onjecuona.. i - , l THE fiCRI'LUS. - tho :;0;h day of June, 18S5, the ex i rt'u-nuea ovor public cxpendi . after com plyiiijj with the annual . "inent of the Binking.fund act, was J,7j'i.S4; during the year ended j IlVltfStJ, such excess amounted to l'V-.20, and during the year -'i June 110, 1887, it reached the sum V i, i7.Sit).54 ; the annual contribu fi tu the sinking fund during the three al cr.'e specified, amounting in the f we to $138,8j8,3i,0.94, and deduc t ir-.'ii) the snrulus as stated were i inj3 por cent, bonds of tba gov t ertf. 1'uring the six months prior ? 4 1387, the surplus revenue had lolntge by rejeated accumula . a l it was feared tho withdrawal com try thi.t the sum of J79.8ii4, ?''lsu..li surplus was applied to the 'EMit ul tho principal and interest! I Ifr tijt. bonds still outstanding, i Vn.?lv.iere then payable at the op- ioi .he government. The precarious f rrtnainder of the 3 per cent, bonds a (JiUtanding, amounting with priii- vid interest to the sum of $18,877,- S'-ure rilll P. I in onil om.lln.1 tn llll r le co",r'&utin r the current Giro hi, ' nieng itanding these operations of -0aTy "ePurtrnent, representations l w es in businessiales not only i!ii cd ,b,u't increased, and absolute j 'panned at fiand. In these circum e eoutribu'ion to the sinking A ie current fiscal year was at t npletedby the expenditure of tQjri?-1 purchase of govern-l-kf?8 j faring 4 and -7 ly A? . 7 premium ?Wtock. K at u, .- V i 4 per cent .... i .u, aim Banks .elected as depoeitom of public money were peroritteJ to some what increase their deposits. While the expedients thus emploved o release to the eople the money lv'ing n the treasury, served to avert immed iate danger, our surplus reven.... I,- continued to accumulate, tho excess for the present year amounting on the 1st uaj oi ueeember to )o,258,871.19, and is estimated to leach the sum f tin . 000,000 on the 30th of Jim .,. which date it is expected tlmi added to prior accumulations, will swell the surplus in tho treasury to tUO.Ooo . 000. ' HO RKMKKY AT HASU. There seems to be no assuram a that with such a withdrawal from use of the peoplo's circulating medium, our busi ness community may not in the near future bo subject to the same distress which was quite lately produced from the same cause, and whilo the functions of our national treasury should lo few and simple, and whilo its best condition would be reached, I believe, bv itsentire disconnection with private business in terests, yet when, by a preversion of its purposes, it idly holds money uselessly subtracted from tho channels of trade, there seems to be reason for the claims that legitimate means should be devised by the government to restore in an emergency, without waste or extrava gance, such money to its place among by means of which this needless surplus tho people. If such an emprmiiiv is taken from the iMrmli an.) ni i.i,. ii... arises, there now exists no clear and ! public treasury, consists of a tariff or duty levied upon itnsrtatioim from abroad and internal revenue taxes levied upon the consumption of tobacco and spirituous and malt liquors. It must be considered that none of these things subjected to interna! revenue taxation arc, strictly speaking, necessary, and there appears to bo no just cause of com plaint of the consumers of tho articles, and there seems to bo nothing so well able to bear the burden without hard ship to any portion of the eople. Ol'lt INi:tjt'ITAIU.K TAII1KK LAWS. Dut our present tariff laws, the vari ous, inequitable and illegal souico Of un necessary taxation ought to be nt once revised and amended. These laws, as their primary and plain effect, raise the price to consumers of all articles import ed and subjected to duty, by precisely the sum paid for such duties. Thus the amount of tho duty measures the tax paid by those who purchase for use these imported articles. Many of these things, however, aro raised or manufactured in our own country, and tho duties now levied upon tho foreigtt goods and pro ducts are called protection to these home manufacturers, because they render it possible for those of our people who are manufacturers to make Iheso taxed arti cles and sell them for a price equal to that demanded by the imported goods that have paid customs duty ; so it hap pens that, while comparatively a few use tho imported articles, millions of our people who never use, and never saw any of the foreign products, purchase and uso things of the same kind made in this country, and pay therefor nearly or quite tho same enhanced price which tho duty adtls to the imported articles. Those who buy imports pay the duly charged thereon to tho public treasury, but tho great majority of our citizen, who buy domestic articles of the same class pay a sum at least approximately equal to ibis duty to the home manufact urers. This reference to tho operation of our tariff laws is not made by way of instruction, but in order that wo may be constantly reminded of tho manner in which they impose a burden upon those who consume domestic products as well as those who consume imported articles, and thus create a tax upon all our eo pie. It is not proposed entirely to re lievo tho country ot this taxation. It must be extensively continued as the source of tho government's income, and in a readjustment of our tin iff the inter ests of American labor engaged in manu facture should bo carefully considered, as well as the preservation of our manu factures. It may be called protection or by any other name, but relief from the hardships and dangers of our present tariff laws should be devised with espe cial precaution against imperiling the existence of our manufacturing interests. ISut this existence should not mean a condition which, without regard to the public welfare or a national exigency, must always insure tho realization of immense profits instead of moderately profitable returns. PROTECTIONISTS OROA.MZF.D. As the volume and diversity of our national activities increase, new recruits are added to those who desiie a contin uation of the advantages which they conceive the present system of tariff tax 4 poses ol manufacturers to declare that Ova tuej, and $36 that from the wool of infant Industries are still needing the fifty sheep; and at present values this highest and greatest degree of favor and care that can be wrung from federal legislation. men. as well as to the attention of their ' i-rotkction auaixst "iai cku la iok." representatives, the responsibility 0fi It is also suiJ that the increase in the legislative relief, the gravity of our flnan-1 price ol domestic manufactures resulting nal bituation. The failure of congress from the present tariff is necessary in heretofore to provide against the dangers j order that higher wages may bo paid to which it was quite evident tho very na- our workingmen emploved in manufac ture of the difficulty most necessarily pro- tories than are paid for w hat is called "pauper labor." In all we acknowledge the force of an argument which involves the welfare ami liberal comis nsation of our laborine people. Our labor is hon- executive control, and these appear now orable in the eyes of every. American iu uo exnauste.1. it disaster results from ' citixen, and lioi at the foundation of our the continued inaction of congress the re- j development. It is mtitled w ithout af sponsibility must rest where it belongs, feetation or hypocrisy to the utmost re- i uougn mo situation thus far considered gard. The standard of our laborer's life is fraught with danger which should l , ahotild not lw marred by that of another iimy realised, ami though it presents features of wrong to tho jn-ople as well as to the country, it is but a result grow ing out of a perfectly palpable and ap parent cause constantly reproducing the same alarming circumstances a con gested national treasury and a depleted monetary condition in the business of the country. It needs hardly be stated that while the present situation demands a remedy we can only bo saved fiom a predicament in the future by tho removal of the cause. Our s. heino of taxation. country less favored, and th y are en titled to their full share of our advanta ges. Ity the last census is made to ap-li-ar that of the lr.l.W.OOil of our isola tion engaged in all kinds of industries, 7,t70,4'.KJ are emploved in agricult'ire, 4,074,2:18 in professional and personal service, 2,4!)l1S7rt of whom are domestic servants and lalwcrs, while l,Sli),2."ii aro employed in trade ami transsuda tion, and 3,837,112 are classed as em ployed at manufacturing ami mining. For present purposes, however, the latter number should be considerably reduced. Without attempting to enumerate all, it will be conceded that there should bo deducted from those which it includes 37",144 farH'iitcrs and joiners, 2S.'i,170 milliners, dressmakers and seamstresses, 172,12ti blacksmiths, 1.13,7511 tailors and tailoressses, 107,000 masons, 7(1,241 butchers, 41,400 bakers, 22,182 plasterers and 4801 manufacturing agricultural im plements, leaving 2, Ii2:t,!87 persons em ployed in manufacturing industries, who are claimed to bo benefited by a high tariff. To thesho npHul is made to save their employment and maintain their wages by resisting a change. There shoultl Imj no disposition to answer such suggestions by the allegations that they are in a minority a i.ong those who labor and therefore should forego an ad vantage in the interest of low prices for the majority; their comensatioii, as it may bo affected by tho operations of tariff laws, should at all times be scrupu lously kept in view; and yet, with slight reflection, they will not overlook the fact that they are consumers with tho rest ; that they too have their ow n wants and those of their families to supply from their earnings, and the prices of the ne cessaries of life, as well a the amount of those wants, will regulate the measure of their welfare and comfort. TIIK WOHKIMflMAN IS IIIMSKI.K TAXRI). But the reduction of taxation do- .1 addition wdtild amount to about one third its price. If, on its sale, the furmer receives this, or a less tariff profit, the wool leaves his hands charged with pre cisely that sum which in all Its changes will adhere to it until it reaches the con sumer. When manufactured into cloth and other goods ami material for use, its coat U not only Increased to the extent of the farmer's tariff profit, but a further sum has been added for the benefit of the manufacturer, under the operation of other tariff laws. TUB l)AV OK UKrn.R.M KNT. In the meantime the day arrives when tho farmer finds it necessary to purchase woolen goods and material to clothe him self and family for tho winter. When he faces the tradesman for that purpose he discover that he is obliged not only to return, in the way of increased prices, his tariff profit on the wool he sold, and which then perhaps lie before him in manufactured form, but that he must add a considerable ruui thereto to meet a fur ther increase in cost caused by a tariff duly on the manufacture. Thus, in the end, he is aroused to the fact that he has paid upon a moderate purchase, as a result ofthe'tariff scheme which, when he sold the wool, seemed so profitable, an increase in price more than sufficient to sweep away all the tariff profit he re ceived upon the wool ho produced and sold. When the number of farmers engaged in wool raising is compared with all the farmers in the country, and the small pnqxirtion they bear to our populotion is c. nsideied ; when It Is made apparent that in the case of a large part of those who own sheep tho benefit of the pres ent tariff on wool is illusory; and above' all when it must bo conceded that the increase of the eost ef living caused by such tariff becomes a burden upon those wi h moderate means, and tho poor, the employed and the unemployed, tho sick and the well, and the young and the old, and that it constitutes a tax which, with relentless grasp, is fastened upon the clothing of every man, woman and child in the land reasons are suggested w hy the removal or reduction of this duty shoultl be included In a revision of our tariff laws. rOMIIIXATIONS AND TRI'STS. In speaking of the increased cost to consumers of our home manufactures re sulting from a duty laid upon imported articles of the same description, the fact is not overlooked that eoniotition among our domestic producer sometimes has tho effect of keeping the prico of our products below the highest limit allowed by such duty, lint it is notorious that this comnelilion in ton nftmi uli-.m,.!...! Iiu mantled should be so measured as not to i combinations quite prevalent at this necessitate or justify either tho loss of ' ,;,... Rllll fr0(111,,n.i rui,i .. as reacmng too close a relationship dot. ween uw ojHjrations of the government to the busi r.t ha country, and too extensive a IICD VI J I ..... I ,1 f . .11 I commingling of their money, thus loster- ation uirectiy gives mem. co Biuuuom.y unnatural reliance in private oust-! nave an cuou w nauim mo i-" If this scheme ! condition been resisted ty mose ox our ing an M .....n mtltlir funds. should be adopted it should only be done j fellow-ciiizens thus engaged, that they as a temporary expedient to meet an m can nanny ixm.....i u. u.c ' ., ' r.,L',tiveaii lexcutive 1 tertained to a certain extent that then ff t h uld e'enerallv be in the opposite j exists an organiied combination all along j the farmers throughout the country ore direction, ami should have a tendency to the line to maintain their advantage. ! ' ...., n,t fast as ci safely We are in the midst of centennial cele- divorce as mum, employment by the workingman nor the lessening of his wages; ami the profits still remaining to tho manufacturer after a necessary readjustment shoultl furnish no excuse for a sacrifice of tho Interests of his employes in either their oppor tunity to work r the diminution of their compensation ; nor can the worker in manufactures fail to understand that while a high tariff is claimed to ho neces sary to allow tho payment of remunera tive wages, it certainly results In S very largo increase in tho prico of nearly all sorts of manufactures, which in count less forms ho needs for tho use of him self ami his family. He receives at tho tlesk of his employer his wages, and Mrhaps before he roaches his home is oblig"d, in a purchase for family uso of an article which embraces bis own labor to return, fn tho payment of tho In creased prico which the tariff permits, tho hard-earned comsmsation of many days toil. TIIK FAKMKK AND TUB TARIFF. The farmer and the agriculturist who manufactures nothing, but who pays tho Increased price which tho tariff imposes (iM)ii every agricultural implement, upon all ho wears and Uon all he uses and owns, except the increase of his flocks and herds, and such things as his hus bandry produces from tho soil, Is invited to aid ill maintaining tho present situa tion, and he is told that a high duty on imported wool is necessary for the bene fit of those who have sheep to shear, in order that the price of their wool may in crease. They ot course are not reminded that tho farmer who has no sheep is by this scheme obliged in his purchase of clothing and woolen goods to pay a tri bute to his fellow-farmer, as well as to the manufacturer and merchant. Nor is any mention made of the fact that Bheep owners themselves, and their households must wear clothing and use other arti cles manufactured from the wool they sell at tariff prices, and thus, as consum er, mmt return their share of this in- 'creased price to the tradesman. TIIK PROFIT, AND ITS COST. I think it may be fairly assumed that a large proportion of the sheep owned by which have for their object the regula tion of the supply and prico of commod ities m ado and sold by members of the combination. The public can hardly hope for any consideration In the ora tion of these sellisli scheme. If, however, in the absence of such combination a healthy and free compet ition reduces the price of any particular dutiablo article of home production bo low tho limit which it might otherwise reach under our tariff law s, and if, with such reduced prico it manufacture con tinues to thrive, it Is entirely evident that ono thing has boon discovered which should be carefully scrutinized In an ef fort to redoco taxation. The necessity of combination lo main tain tho price of any commodity to the tariff point furnishes proof that some one is willinif to accept lower prices for such commodity, and that such prices aro remunerative, and the lower prices produced by competition, prove the same thing. Thus, w here either of these con ditions exists, a case would seem to bo presented for an easy reduction of taxation. a Dot ni.K di:tv may RK IMSCIIAHOEn. paid . for I lions be done, the treasury department bom private enterprises . Of course it is not expected that un necessary and extravagant operation, will be made far the purpose ot avoiding the accumulation of an excess ol reuuuc -uch ex ttion found In small flocks, numlx-ring twenty five to fifty. The duty on the grade of bralions, and with becoming pride we j imported woo which these sheep yield is rej-jii-e in American skill and ingenuity, in Ameiican energy and enterprise, and the wonderful natural advantages and resources developed by a century's na tional crowth. Yet when an attempt is 10 cents for each pound if of the value of 30 cents or less, and 12 cents if of the value of more than 30 cents. If the liberal estimate of six pounds be allowed for each fleece, the duty thereon would umulation ol an rwy j , tQ . .ify t heme which permits be or 72 cents, and this may be tsken xpenditures, besides the iieuiorai- j t w' . (. , -tmost enhancement of its price of all just conceptions of puU.ic !"Jl:Va ' "WiT lr,t an l this duty. r-.u1i8ijW1,1 j ore,.,.,, im, IIl.il 1M . ....I I. ! -""u an t libtreumii. The considerations wjilchhave been presented touching our tariff laws are In tended only to enforce an earnest recom mendation that the surplus revenues of the government bo prevented by the re duction of our customs duties, and at the same time to emphasize a suggestion that In accomplishing this purpose we may discharge a double duty to our peo ple by granting to them a measure of relief from tariff taxation in quarters w here it is most needed, ami from sources where it can be most fairly and Justly accepted. Nor can the preservation of such consideration be with any degree of fairness, regarded a evidence of un friendliness towards our manufacturing interests, or of any lat k of appreciation of their value and importance. These interests constitute a leading and most substantial element of our national great ness, and furnish the truth of our coun try's progress, so that if in the emer gency that presses upon us, our manu facturers are asked to surrender some thing for the public g'xsl, and to avert disaster, their patriotism ai well as a grateful recognition of advantages al ready afforded, should lead them to Ii willing to extend co-operation. No de1 mand is made that they shall forego all the beneflls of governmental regard, but they cannot wait to be admonished of their duty, as well as their enlightened self-inb-rest and safety, when they are reminded cl the fact that financial panic pH r-llap"' - ' ' the present con' -.V,B-A " rsbelter or nuten or iiu Ju.l received i protection to our manufactures than to our other important enterprises; ' ,. N4)W is tub time. .' An opportunity for safe, careful and deliU-rale reform is now offered, aVid none of us should be unmindful that a time may funic, lien an abused and ir- . ritated ieople, heedless of thnso who have resisted timely and reasonable re lief, may insist upon a unheal and sweeping rectification of their wrongs. The difficulty attending a w ise and fair revision of our tariff laws is not under-estimated. It will require on the part of congress, great lalsir and care, ami especially a broad and national con-', templationof the subject and a patriotic disregard of such local ami selfish claims as aro unreasonable ami reckless of the welfare of the entire country. Under our present laws, more than 4000 articles are subject to duty. Many of these do not in any way compete with our own manufactures, ami many are har,.ly worth attention as subject of revenue. A considerable reduction can bo made in theaggregntc by adding them to the fieo list. The taxation of luxuries presents no features of hardship, but the necessaries of life, used and consumed by all (H'oplo, the duty upon which add to the cost of living in every homo, should be greatly cheapened. RAW MATERIAL The radical reduction of the duties im- jiosed upon raw material used in manu factures, or Its free iinortation, is of course an important factor In any effort to reduce the price of these necessaries. It would not only relieve thoin from tho increased cost caused by the tariff on suea material, but the manufactured product being thus eheaiwuod, that part of tho tariff now laid iiKn such product as a compensation to our manufacturers for tho present price of raw material oultl bo accordingly modified. Such re duction or free imHirlatiou would serve hesido largely to reduce the revenue. It Is not apparent how such a chnmre can have any Injurio'H effect upon our man ufacturers. On tho contrary, it would appear to give them a better chanco in foreign markets with tho manufacturer )f other cyunfries who cheapen their wares by free material. Thus our peo ple might have the opportunity of ex tending their sales beyond the limits of home consumption, saving them from tho depression, interruption in bnsinoss, and loss caused by a glutted domestic market, ami affording their employes more certain and steady labor, with It resulting quiet and contentment. I'KM ANPKI) I'ARTY CONHIUKIt ATIONi. Tho question thus Imperatively pre sented for solution should bo approached in a spiiit higher than partisanship, and considered in tho light of that regard for patriotic duty w hich should characterise the action of thoso intrusted with the wealth of a confiding people. But the . obligation to declared Marty olicy and principle is not wanting to urgo prompt and effective action, lloth of tho ureat - political parlies now represented in the government have, by reix-nted and au- thorulvo declarations, condemned the condition of our laws, which permit tho collection from tho people of unno cessary revenue and have in the most solemn manner promised a reduction; and neither as citizens or partisans are ' our countrymen in a mood to condone the deliberate violations of these pledges. Our progress toward a wise conclusion will not bo improved by dwelling uKn . the theories of protection ami free trade. This savors too much of bandying epi thets. It is a condition that confront ub not a theory. Jielief from this con dition may involve a slight reduction of the advantages which wo award our ' homo production; but the entire with drawal of such advantages should not be contemplated. The question of free trade is absolutely irrelevant, and the persistent claim made in certain quarters) that all efforts to relieve the poople from unjust laud ' unnecessary tax9Uon are schemes of tho so-called free traders, la mischievous and far removed from any consideration for tho public good. The ' simple and plain duty which we owe the pooplo Is tn reduce taxation to tho nec essary expenses of on economical opera tion of the government, ami to restore to the business of the country tho money " which we hold in the treasury through the perversion of governmental powers. These things can and should be done with safety to all our industries, without danger to the op(orturiity for remunera tive labor which our woikinginon need, and with benefit to them and all our people, by cheajN'iiing their means. of subsistence and increasing the measure of their comforts. IN CONCLlStOJf. The con-utution provides that the president shallt from time to time, give' to the congress information of the state of the Union. It has been the custom of the executive, in compliance with this provision, annually to exhibit to the congress at the opening of its sesnion, the general condition of the country, and to detail with some particulars, tin op erations of the different executive de- partments. It would be especially agree able to follow this course at the the pres ent time, and tn call attention to the val uable accomplishments of these depart ments during the lat-t fiscal year. ISut I am so much impressed w ilh the para mount im-wrtance of the subject to which thia communication has thns far been devoted, that I shall forego the ad dition of any other topic, and enly urge " 1 1 .W. at bis hi, I '" !rtT.J.B.-Hoa.. rer ru Uuu tij u rv