EUGENE CITY GUARD.
J. !, CAHFIIELL,
lrpiitr,
exkjene city, Oregon.
THE VANQUISHED CAT.
Out of the window roan
. leaned with look of di-pitlr,
J,litcnmif with lnwioird fwu to eat
Wbtwe melody rent the lr.
Hi- threw rlnwn an old bnotjnok,
' llui tlx tut never heard U (ml;
lie cat on Hie tenet mil reared till beck,
And continued hi dimual waul.
lie readied for till run unci flr1,
I Ho ulioutod and hwlooed "ral!"
, Ilut It w no iimi, tlm nine old ng
i i;atue lurlli from the name old cat.
Hat at iMt a ray of Imp
1 l-Uhti-tl the man'! despair.
. (Out of the window ho leaned once more
into the dump ulglit air;
i
And t emlle of Infinite peace
I ' over hie fi-uturra Ml,
The nig of the oat died nut In the night
Ae he rang fc'e eli-tnt bell.
Turn Muon, in N. T. Bun.
COLOKED STARS.
Buppoeod to Be Suns In Dlfforenl
Llfa-Stajrea.
It Is strangely liiiprossivn thought.
wlion we look ut tho star-strewn sky
thnteah one of llio seeming poinU of
light we see I ft nun akin'to our own, s
might j orb governing a family of de
pendent orb, pouring light upon them
nourishing them with its hmit, In linn
the groat central engino of a vast mech
anlsm, whose throbs urn in tho lift!
pulsations of a system of worlds.
Itut wliile we are thus Impressed by
tho consideration tlmt each star In
tin, 8in:li a our own, wo nro scarcely
loss struck by the thought tlmt each one
of those suns hat its own spodul char
actor and qualities. Not only don one
star differ from anothnr in glory, which
might well be, oven if they were ail
mail alike for difluronoii of distance
would make some aottni brighter ami
others fainter but In sizo, In might, In
structure, In the very imlity of the
light which they em t, tln.?o myriads ol
shun differ from oaoh otli.tr, ami from
ihut particular sun about which wc
know most, because It Is llu near est
our own.
To ordinary observation, there Is hul
one quality In which tho stars dill'oi
from each other, namely, in color. It
is this difference of wh eh I am now
about to write. To an eye which iskoer,
to recognize differences of color, thi
tarn shine with obviously d.fl'orciit tints,
livery one can recognizo tho marked
ruddiness of Aidi-hnran, the br'glit star
in tho Hull's Kvo. ami of Antiires, the
star which marks the heart of Iho Scor
pion. Arctuiu is rather orange-tinted
than red, mid, to my eyo, ho also b
llelelgoux, tho bright star which marks
tlio r ght shoulder of the (iiant Orion,
but some eons tier this star rod. Again,
the l'olti star has a (lecitletlly yellow
lint, which you recognizo nho 1n t'a
pella, the hcautiful'star which forms the
chief glory of tho Charioteer, Auriga.
I'rocyon. tho chief star iu the Lessor
Jhg, is also yellowish.
riirius. tin' liuost star In tho heavens
is beautifully white. The ancient
K)ke of it as red, and some Imvo im
agined that this splendid sli r mutt have
changed n color; Imt I fancy they only
refin ed to the brilliant red tint shown in
sparkling by Siriin, when near the
horizon. Homer speak of Sirius as
shining most iK'ttiit fully whim lave!
of Ocean's wave," that' Is, when verv
low down: and our Fii;'lislt poet Tunny
eon i-pt nks of S r us i "bickering inio
rod unit eini raid" when soatuntn.
Tho red tint Is the most conspicuous,
and doubtless led to the star Mug rnlli'd
red Sinus In ancient times. Kut it
probably Is'cn as wh to as It U now no'
only dm lne the few thousand of years
over which history extend lis survey,
but for tlitiusamls'of centuries
J'olluv, i. nit of tho two e pinl stars
which titloin this constellation called the
Twins. Is yellow, but as! or, the other.
Is shghllv greenish. Tno brill ant star
Vega (chief glory of tho l.vre) and
Allalr, tho brightest star of llio Kaglo,
show a somewhat bluish tintm. inn
nouoof tho
stars wo see are reallv
giwn or blue. Ami it is worth n.itic
mg that when wo u-o a telescope, mid
survey the depth of slar-strcwn spate
which lie beyond tho range of tho tin
aided eye, wo liml scarcely anv single
stars wheh can properly Ik! talhul
croon, or blue, or violet, or Indigo
Hul among tluo telescopic, stars wo
tlud lunitln tls of coi n's belonglii" to the
other end of tint rainbow t i trslreak
calletl tho solar spectrum. There nro
I right red stars, orun stars, golden
yellow stitis, ami others even more fully
colored, a, for example, garnet tai,
IiIhhI-ii d stars, and so forth.
Si far as the.-o seperato colored suns
ara tHdicei ned, wo mav Mio o that tliev
are s mply suns in dilleront stages of
their enormously lung llfo. There are
jrosul reasons for Ihlnking that tho brill,
lant wii.U'. Mod white, blulsh-wh to
and grwnlh-whlte stars are all in a
Very early stago of stellar life. In the
yellow sh stars a curtain cool ng of the
outer vapor has given lliom, it would
m, a pvater Hwer of absorb ng tho
Ight which comes from tho glow.
InX central mass, and so a yellowish
I nge Iscast oxer tho light. In thcorango,
and -till morwin the rutldv antlileeplv red
siars, the provss of coiiling has gone
still farther, and the t ngo cat over tho
light has boeomo moro inarktxl. Of
courso it will bo understood that when
I H ak of iH'oling I do not mean what
wo should consider coolness -the very
vapors uhich. Uing itKiler than th'
f iitral mass, aWrb pa t of Its light
mu Jit Is) fur bolter than whitc-10t
iron.
My frend lr. William lllgglns,
speaking of this process of tHH.Iin
winch suns must undergo, this ag ng
wh h (vast though tho eriods of tlu-lr
rvietenoMV Uiey must e),'riene, d
that tho t ma n.ay conio when our own
stm will have reach! tho stago through
whvh tlx red suns are pa.sing, ami
that when that time com, the
Iwuior who tell of the long-past time
hen our sun was In its ellow sta
dtav have to bo clothed 1,,'tho skins ot
Mar bears to k.vp 1 fo In him. and to
anMrcM an audiemw s mllarly rlothed.
but, for my van pu t, I fancy the l olax
hears will bo extinct long before that
tirnn cornea.
Yet nnfl won! before we leave the
aermrnti!. or sin'rlo. suns. Our own
suit is in tho samo stago as Canclla,
I'riM'vnn. and otn r yellow suns, anil,
In a sense, we may speak of his light as
yellowish, though as It is tho light of
our day, It is for us truly white, only
yellowish by comparison with such light
as WO gel at ingot mm ill biiiui: 'i"."'
ties from Sirius. Veira, and Alta r,
ami their fellows. Hut the light
actually emitted by tho glowing mass
of our sun is not omy not ycnowwu. n
is violet It has ixiiin sliown by rroi.
I.angley that If the atmosphere of the
Slin COU U 00 Sinppeil Oil, 111) wuuei
shine as a violet sun, though of course
in very few minutes our cyoi would
become accustomed to ttio ctiango, ami
hn would annear whito as before. Then
if his atmosphere came back stiddonly,
he would anDear for a few minutes
brilliantly red, because our eyes would
Imvo become aocustomod to regard the
violet liL'ht as white, but after that we
should see him as we wii him now.
It is when with toloseoplc evo we
turn from thn singlo suns to those
whlch.travel in pairs, or In sots of thr',
four, "or more, that wo find the strong
est and most beautiful colors, tho great
est var'cty of tint, and also combina
tions of colors charminffly contrasted.
Wo find, perhaps, a splendid white star
with a small companion of a deep red
color, or purple, or vermlllion, or dark
blue. A larjrn yitllow star may Imvo n
small comtianion colored tiiirple, or
blue, or ruby red. A brilliant orange
star will bo so 'ii with a small vloict or
blue or einora Id-green companion; a
red star may have besido it a.greon or
blue companion.
Yet it must not bo suppo ed that all
double stars show contrasts of this kind.
Among them wo liml pairs of tho same
color, or of colors not dillorin more
than as wli to differs from pulo yellow,
or red from ruddy orange, or golden
Tel
In i
ellow from orang t yellow. Moreover,
many cases both stars of a par me
of tho same or very nearly tho same
brightness, as well as of tho samo or
very noarly tho samo color. Wtii a
U!le'c;io of lair slrcngtii tno colored
pairs numbered I, I, i and 4 may be
easily seen. J no two numbered a and
4 ruipiiro a belter telescope and more
practice In looking at these objects than
the tlrst two. A better tolescopo still
Is romiirctl to see tho pair numl oicd 6
and to seo 6 (which Is tho same as J) as
a triple star that Is, to seo iho sinall
croon star with a fairly good tolacopo,
divided into two very small stars, one
yellow, tho other btuo requires a very
good telescope indcml.
J hero aro lew pieasanter ways ol
uslntr a tolcscone. esmic ally one of
fairly good power than In turning it on
double stars. Lists of the most inter
esting of these ob'octs aro given In
works on astronomy, and a very lit
tle prnctico will ena'do tho youni:
observer to reoognlzo tlieso stars in
their several constellations, and turning
the telescope on them, to nolo their dis
tance apart, their colors, and their an
pear :t nee gonorally. It has been found
that the, colors of tho doublo stars aro
duo to tho vaporous atmospheres wh eh
surround tlieso orbs, lu other words,
their colors may bo compared to those
seen lu rn Iway slcnal mr, where the
light itself s white, but appears colored
iHtcaiisn or tlm action of colored srln s;
only In the two or tno double stars
there aro not red, green or blue glasses,
but colored vapors.
Hut how can wo pass from the consid
eration of tlieso beautiful co'orcd suns
without allowing our minds a little
play of fancy? It is reasonable to bo
lii'vo that olh T suns than ours have,
1 ko ours, tlm r atten lant worlds, (hat
every one, I think, must consider there
aro worlds lraolin? around the beauti
ful orango sun Alb reo, and others
travelin; around its bluo companion
sun, To both sets of worlds, Alb! reo
and lis companion must alike lie suns.
At cording to tho position of one of tlieso
worlds ut any time, thn orango or the
blue sun may bo the chief light bi inger
- or In some cases both may, for a while
supply cip.ial ipiautities of' lieji!. Jtut
now c.ms tier what strange ell'e. ts must
result from the c reunismnce that there
will generally bo two s irts of day.
l'rom sunrise to sunset of the oranire
sun there is day which, were that tho
only s in, would" simply bo such day as
wo have, for only wh teness wo ild be
lecot'iiizetl, Front sunrise to sunset of
the blue sun there is duv, too. If both
suns chance 1 1 rise uml set at about the
same time, tho'r combined light gives a
sp.end d whito day; yet even this must
differ from our 'day very remarkably,
for Inst ail of a single set of shadows
ili h as v have, there would bo three
dst'nct kinds of shadow naiuelv (1),
where no W'zUt falls from tho oralis
sun, or blue shatlow; () where no light
falls from the bliu sum or oration
shadow; anil (II) where no light fail,
from either, or shadow such as we have
The combination of these several tints
lu landscapes, clouds, fore-ts, features
of animals ( nelutl ng any races akin to
man) and so forth, ami lli.i over-varving
plav of color, must bo very strango'and
vcrr beautiful.
Hut consider, also, the stra'tgo electa
(at least to our minds, aeeustoino I onlv
lo one sort of day) which must resuft
when tho orange' day and the blue day
begin and end at different times,
r'or a quarter of a day of our
time-we mav imagine thn oran ;a sun
rules; then tno b!uo snn rises,' tints
change, var'egated shad ng replaces or
dinary sha lows, and th s lasts for an
other quarter of a day of our time; then
tho orange sun sets, ami tho blue mi i
rules Miprenio; lastly tho blue sun cts
and. for a short t mn that Is, till the
orango sun rises there s n gbt, though
still there must bo mnoh Iw ilight, and
twilight tints of s ngularly varied and
varying hues. As ior tlio glories ol
sunset ami sunrise, who c tn Inia nt
Ihcir complicated Ismuty?
All this-may s, em fane ful, for ludewl
wo not only do not know.-w.t can never
know, what scenes ro actu.tllv pre
sented i worlds travel. ng around these
lovely sun. Nay, wo can not even he
certain that there are any worMs ther.
at all. Hut for mo, I miist confess, the
study of astronomy wouM loso marlv
all Itscharm wero' tho mind n t iW
mittel t. n-t on the thimghtasu"7tod
by what wo have been able to d- .y 'i
thoughts soeak'n': to us of theintiniti
variety and i,o wondrous b antv tn-r
vatllng the illmiiiaUo uu v tt i of (Jo.l.
kxMrJ J. Vvs- or, in )'uM.V on.
U'ltO'l.
RAILROAD CARS.
Ifew Ther Are Flnl.hrd and Ornamented
lu the tirrat fullman Work.
The cars vary in size and pattern
according to their service. There are
sleepers and passenger coaches, parlor
cars, chair ears, dining cars and the
luxuriously ettuipped private cars,
There aro also express cars, mail cars
baggage cars and combinations of each
of these classes, as mail-baggago-anu
express cars or combination luail-and
express cars. Tbo first-class passenger
coaches scat from 62 to 72 persons, the
sleepers accommodate 62, the chair
car 40 and the parlor car but 36. The
latter are elegantly furnished, and are
saiu to ride easier than any other kind
of cars. The sleepers weigh about
80,000 pounds and the other coaches
average about 4o,uw pounds, toe
cost of manufacture of a sleeper is
$13,000, the dining cars I1.0M, the
passenger coaches $4,500, and the
others average about $3,500. The
trucks of the better class of cars for
passenger service are twelve-wheeled,
and are equipped with double sets of
elliptic springs and eiiuali.ing springs.
The wheels themselves aro nearly all
furnished by tho paper car-wheel
ft oi ks, which are adjoining the I'ull
man works ami aro run by tho same
steam power. When, in the course or
manufacture, tho outside of the car is
finished an Inspector examines It, and
if the work thus far is satisfactory he
writes upon it thn words "O. K. Jack
up," by which ho means the car is
ready to bo elevated from the trestles
io trucks. It Is then taken into an
other building where it is painted and
tha liiHltlt! mushed.
It is particularly interesting to watch
the men working in tho mirror depart
ment. Hero a number of men are! en
gaged in cleaning and polishing the
pla.ss for the mirrors. Each man as he
does his part of tho work hands the
pinto to Ids neighbor, who in turn
ands It to the next. I ho last man
who receives the plate hobbles about
upon a wooden leg. no holds the
glass in one hand and with tho other
hand he pours out of a bottle upon the
plate a liquid winch makes a novice in
tho business wonder why it docs not
run over tho edge of the nlutc. Tho
liquid is a preparation of silver. When
the silver, lias been precipitated upon
the glass the man varnishes it over and
the mirror is then complete save plac
ing it in a frame. Tho silver-plating
rooms are also an Interesting feaiure
of the works. All the silver-ware used
in the Pullman dining cars or other
coaches comes to tint company in the
form of copper ware. It is then silver-
plated. Tho article to be plated is
first placed in boiling water to heat it
and clean it, then in sulphuric acid to
runner cmiiiiso it, and Is then dipped
into a solution of silver. Tho positive
polo of an electric battery is applied to
the articlo and the negative polo of the
same to the silver solution, whence a
connection is formed and the article
becomes electro-plated. Tho article
thus plated is placed upon a machine
and given a rapid rotary motion, and a
steel burnisher is applied to it which
gives it the highly polished surface
which we. see upon our silverware
when it is new. Chicago Mail.
AN EARNEST PROTEST.
A German Profesiinr Demands Stricter Con
trol for t nlverslly Minimis.
Tho following is an extract from an
open letter by I'rof. Schniollcr, one of
tho most influential men in tho law
faculty of tho University of Hcrlin. Its
publication lias called forth a storm of
controversy iu the (ierman newspapers.
Tho fact that (lorinnu students fro-
piently spend tho first half of their
university course in idleness is not
denied, even by those who oppose the
views of tho learned professor, mid
their chief argument of defense is that
these years of idleness maku up the
only season of romance in the other-
wise unbroken life of examinations and
position-hunting- to which (ierman
youths arc doomed.
lint I want to seo dono awnv with
Is tho officially organized in'iti-in )
which excites my indie-nation even-
time I have to carry it into execution";
very professor twice a vear tcstilies
that dozens of students bav e llei-n
iresent nt his lectures who ho knows
lave never set foot ill his loom. It
has happened repeatedly that students
guilelessly presented to urn l'rof. Kck's
pandects for mo to sign, thereby ud-mitt'in-:
that they did not know either
l'rof. Kck or me by sight. I don't want
to force Anybody to hear tedious Ion
lures; I've cut many a lecture mvself.
ami know well onoutrh that hard
reading and industry in his own
room aro in the end inore important,
perhaps, to a student than hearing the
university courses. Hul I can noPper
suude myself that this industry is to
bo found, in tho case of those who at
tend no lectures the first two or four
semesters ami calculate from tho verv
beginning on tho ability of a paid
coacli to cram them no for th e.
amination. Tho number of theso men,
however, is verv dartre nm.mn- tv.,
law-students certainly from oneJTmrih
to one-third; and so tho question sim
ply is: fan not a system of marking
without compulsion, lie employed? To
all industrious students this would bo
a matter of indifference. Would it not
save tho majority of tho lower l ivr nt
our future tJovernnient officials from
inai immiuing which must occur
when one wastes from one to tii.
years of his life? Tho academic free
dom -would not bo affected in tho least
by this plan, only tho right to conceal
laziness from parents, ruanli m. ....I
the University officers would bo put an
end to. 1 admit that the carrviii' out
of such a chnngo would not l-
If it be deemed unw orthv thn .i;,ml.
of a student to bo thus dally contndled.
ici mo merely call attention to our
great military educational establish
ments. Tha .iflieers in the war acad
emy and in the artillerv i-hiM,l i,n
are, on the average, much nl.W ti...n
university students, who are in pos
Msin of offices ami innl ..,.1 .
many of tbent married men. must daily
put up with bavins their attemlane ,t'l
course of instruction marked.- itirl u
tor. A. 1. iu4.
POPULAR SCIENCE.
The Way lu Whlrh l.lchtnlnf I Kindled In
the Storm Cloud.
Thn observations of meteorologists
show that the vapor which ascends in
an invisible state from the ground car
ries with it in calm and fine weather.
Into the higher regions of tbo air,
very considerable supply of positive
electricity. Each minute vapor-par
tide that goes u? bears its own portion
of the load. When, however, the in
visible vapor has thus mounted into
very high regions of the air, it losss its
invisibility, and is condensed into vis
ible mist. Numerous particles of the
aqueous substance are drawn close to
gether and grouped into tho form of
little vesicles or tnouutea. cacti one
of theso is thenja reservoir or receptachi
of electric force, and as more and more
waterv vesicles are condensed more
and more electricity is collected in tho
gathering mist; but each of the water
globules is sun envciopeu oy a space
of clear air. In a drifting cloud the
nii-t-spccks can be discerned flouting
along with transparent intervals oo-
tween. Iho clear air which lies
around the globules of vapor then acts
as an insulating Investment; it unpris
ons its own part of the acquired clec
trical force in. each separate globule,
the cloud is thus not charged as
whole, like a continuous mass of
metal, with its electricity spread upon
its outer surface. It is interpenetrated
everywhere with tho force. It is com
posed of a mvriad of electrified specks,
each having its own, particular share
of the electric force, and each acting
as a center of electrical energy on Us
own account, mo electricity wuicu
at any one instant resides in tho outer
surface of a cloud is, therefore, but a
comparatively small portion of that
which is present in tno entire vaporous
muss, that such is the way in which
electricity is stored in tho clouds has
been proved by- direct observation.
1 hen a gold-leaf electrometer is
placed in the midst of a cloud driven
along by the wind, it is seen that the
strips of gold-leaf continually diverge
and collapse as the mass ol the cloud
passes along. There is an electrical
charge acting in all parts, but tho
'charge varies in intensity from place
to place according as there is a greater
or less condensation l tho particles of
vapor in each particular spot. Imt the
intliienco externally exerted by the
cloud is uevcrtheldss capable of being
raised to a very intense degree because
it is. so to sneak, the sum total or out
come ol the force contained in tho in
numerable internal centers of .energy.
It Is no uncommon thing for the
electrical force emanating from a cloud
to make itself felt in attractions and
repulsions many miles away. Clouds
resting upon llio remote horizon thus
frequently produce, perceptible effects
at distances from which the clouds
themselves can not be seen. An elec
trical cloud hanging a milo above the
ground acts inductively upon that
ground with considerable power.
When in summer tinio tho temperature
of tho earth's surface is very high, the
ground moist, the air cnlm and iho sky
clear, very copious supplies of vapor
are steamed up from the ground under
the hot sunshine. Clouds, however,
begin at length to gather in elevated
regions of the air out of tho abundance
of the supply. The free electricity
which has been carried up with the
vapor is at first pretty evenly spread
through the clouds; but after a time, as
the electrical charge becomes more ami
more intense, a powerful repulsive force
is in tlio cud established between the
spherules of tho mist, amlt very high
degree of tension is at last produced at
the outer surface of the cloud, where it
is enveloped by insulating air, until in
the end the expansive energy there be
comes strong enough to occasion an
omuursi irom I lie cloud, l he escape
of the redundant charge then appears
to an observer's eye as a flash of light
ning issuing from' tho cloud. Such, in
its simplest form, is the way in which
lightning is kindled in the storiu-cloud.
Hvkn:e for All.
CAROLINA INDIANS.
KeuniHiils of a Trllie "IVIiose Sorrv night
lint .Mnrks Its Ancient State."
Tho Cherokee on tho North Caro
lina reservation are perhaps the most
contented of all tlm tribes and tribe
remnants now on the continent. They
are at peace with all mankind, and no
longer practice the arts of war. Sev
eral hundred square miles of heavily
timbered ami finely-watered lands are
set apart for their use, ami furnish
them ample room for hunting, game
ami lish being abundant, and for culti
vation, if any are disposed to take im
tho plow, riiera are numci-mm m.
stances where they have cleared large
tracts of land, built comfortable houses,
and produce tobacco, grain ami pota
toes in largequantitiesand of excellent
quality. Hut in tho main they prefer
to hunt; that is, tho men do. and the
labor is performed by the females.
Two or three have ventured to Waynes
ville. a noted summer resort, to'live,
and they furnish an attraction for tho
visitors much after the stylo of the sea
serpent on tho Jersey coast.
but after all it Is plain to see that
they aro not the bravo, fearless and
powerful Indians of long ago. The
Cherokee were of themselves noble
race of men. They were true to their
friends and powerful in vengeance to
their enemies. They never forgave an
injury, nor did they 'forget a kindness.
Their vengeance was terrible; their
litlclity unconquerable. That, like their
love, stopped only at tho grave. There
is something in their looks as they sit
by their cabin (ires or stroll the path
less woods in quest of game which
passes speech. It is not a look of ven
reanee or of submission, but some
lung which stifles both, and which has
no aim or'ntcthod. The bravo" who
no longer brave treads the earth
with crest-fallen look, lie is ascrawnv
object "whose sorry plight but mocks
his ancient state." Cor. Louun-UU
VHrierJoHrtial.
Hoof shank: Boil shank until the
meat falls (mm tbo bones, chop fine
ami season with salt and pepper. Boil
ihe liquor down to pita and stir into
the meat. When cold slice thin Jo-
STOCK-GAMBLING.
The New York Kichauce Chiefly an Im
menu netting KatahlUliineut.
New York has no niorp entcrtainln
public exhibition than its Stock Ex
change. It is one of tho show places
of tho city. Thither goes tlio citizen
for amusement and thither he takes
his country acquaintance The latter
is at lirst uncertain whether ho has
I. brnufht to a mad house; or to
Pandemonium. The idea that the mar
ket values of our leading securities
should bo determined by what appears
to him to be a howling mob of incura
ble lunatics is incomprehensible. He
can neither make head nor tail to it.
Ho looks down a lofty gallery upon
largo uncarpeted and unfinished floor
filled with walking figures, tho most of
whom appear very angry and very tin
mannerly.
What exhibitions thev do mnlio of
themselves, to bo sure! 1 wo well
dressed men suddenly rush nt each
other. sha'i;i thoir fingers in one an
other's facX and shout. When appar
ently on the do nt of clinching or
striking thev stop, produce bits of pa
per, and notes aro made evidently an
annointnient for a settlement else
where. Again, without any visible
provocation? a number of ligures
cluster about a given point, gesticu
lating, scrambling mid pushing for all
the world like a Hock of hens when a
handful of grain is dropped among
them. A moment more uml tho circle
is broken, its members joining new
combinations. When a score or two
of these scrambles aro going on at tho
samo tune tlio ellect upon tho unac
customed spectator mnv bo imagined.
To the initiated there is nothing
mysterious or unintelligible in all this
clamor. Tho participants are simply
buying and selling stocks. The two
demonstrative individuals have dis
cussed and closed a bargain. Instead
of an appointment for a meeting, with
pistols for two, their memoranda con
tain nothing moro than tho terms of
their agreement. Tho volcanic cluster
was formed about some ouo who
wanted to purchase or to sell a block
of a certain stock, and whose an
nounccmcnt of that fact brought about
him a crowd of eager dealers with of
fers or bids, as the case might be.
When a sale is made the particulars
are at once secured by telegraph agents,
w ho Hash the transaction all over tlio
country, and the price of ono stock is
uxed for the time, for an entire nation
In that apparently rough-and-tumble
way transactions aggregating hun
dreds of millions of dollars a day are
effected.
l'ho Exchange is simply a big ba.ar
for tho sale of slocks and bonds. If
nothing was to bo said against it ex
cept its tumultunusncss and the seem
ing lack of dignity among lis members,
criticism would have in it but an indif
ferent target for its shafts. But much
graver questions grow out of its exist
ence. Is it a harmless institution? Is
a. public blessing? Is it a public
curse r
As a great central mart for current
securities it would be unobjectionable
there is no reason why bonds and
shares should not be publicly dealt in,
and in large quantities, as well as drv
goods, as well as corn anil ootton and
beef and kitchen vegetables. If the
Stock Exchange was intended for, or
restricted to, the bona tide buying of
bonds unit shares, not a word could be
justly said against it. But is that its
business? I nforliinntely no. Its chief
occupation is wagering U on stocks:
its members, while going through the
form of buying and selling, simply hoi
their monev, or somebody else's money,
upon tho rise or fall of the shares thev
select, ns they would upon tho shiftings
of cards or dice. I he hxcliango, while
having a share of legitimate business.
is chiefly an immense gambling estab
lishment. A. J . tlemitl.
DATING AHEAD.
The Disadvantage of a Rapidly Crowing
Commercial Kvll.
Uating ahead is commercially a
growing evil. It pervades every d
partmeiit of trade, ino system ex
tends from tho importer and maiiufac
turer down to tlio smallest retailer. All
want an extra dating. If one linn re
fuses tho favot another will grant it,
ami the result is the unwilling lirms arc
forced into it or lose their trade. It is
virtually going back to tlio old system
of six mouths' credit, imt without the
safeguards then prevailing of giving
notes for merchandise. Merchants are
kept in business who, if they were com
pelled to pay their bills promptly,
would at onto fall for want of actual
capital. Tho fictitious credit they
possess through an extra dating is their
only stock in trade. They sell goods
at 'slaughter prices in their efforts to
keep afloat as long as possible, ami
thereby hurt tho business of every pru
dent, prompt-paying merchant. This
class of dealers is not conlined to any
one section or community; they exist
everywhere. Credit is cheap, because
in the anxiety to push trade almost
every man can get trusted. Dating
ahead is the ono element of danger to
our business prosperity. Is it not well,
therefore, to call attention to it at
a period when the least harm can be
done to all interests, because of the
general prosperity now prevailing?
i'here is no business disruption or dis
turbance, nor sigu of any. While all
is running smooth is the best timo to
remove evils that in less prosperous
seasons would lead to sudden disaster.
Dry Goods Chronicle.
m
A young man who is somewhat
cynical remarks that for yean men's
vsts have been buttoned almost up to
the chin, and the little bit of shirt-front
that would be left exposed has been
covered by a necktio. "And yet,"
says he, "men go on wearing shirts
with fronts down to the waist, starched
and ironed until they are as stiff as a
boiler plate, and they pav every week
for getting two or three of these things
carefully polished. A man might as
well have tho back of his vest laun
dered every week." Chicago Times.
m .
The world now uses forty thousand
barrels of coal-oil daily, and America
has enough on hand to keep up the
supply for three years. Chicago Jour-nai.
BILIOUSNESS
Is an affection of tbo Liver, and Ma
be thoroughly cured by that Grand
Eegulutor of the Liver and
Biliary Organs,
SIMMONS LIVER REGULATOR
MINUPACTUBU BY
J. H. ZHLEf k CO., PhfladelpbU, Pi
I was afflicted for WTeral yean with
dinonlered liver whkh n-tulted In a
evere attack of Jnundlce. I had a
good medical attendance ai our ac
tion afford, who failed utterly to re
nin re me to the enjoyment of m
former good health. I then tried Ut ,
favorite preacrtptlon of ooe of the
most renowned phyilrlan of Louu.
ville, Ky., but to no purpnae; vaens
iijioti i wni induced to try Mnimaaa
MverKeprulntor. I found limn
' dtate benelit from its ubc, and it ulU
mately restored me to Uie full enjoy
incut ot health.
A. H. 81IIRI.EY,
Klchmond, Ky.
HEADACHE
Proceed from Torpid Liver and lis.
purities of the Stomach. It can be
Invariably cored by taking
SIMMONS LIYERREGULATOR
Let all who suffer remember that
SICK AND NERVOUS HEADACHES
(to be prevented by taking imt u no m their
ymptoma Indicate the coming ef u ttUck.
OF GtNcRAU INtKtST.
Nearly forty-nine thousand dollan
are on deposit in the savings bunks of
New Hampshire.
Paper plates for bread, butter
cake, etc., have been introduced at tb
Berlin hotels. I hey aro in papier
macho, with gray-colored borders io
relief.
The cities of marvelous growth are
not ail in the west, tsaku, a Kussiaa
town on the Caspian, had trtelve thou.
sand inhabitants in Ibili and tilty-cight
inousanu in lsb.J.
The Mexican stajro coach alwavi
has two drivers one to hold tho reins
and tho. other to do the whipping. The
latter carries a bag of stones to throw
at tho leaders. St. Louis Globe.
A New Hampshire court has latch
decided that a physician's horse and
D,lffSy a'"8 "tools," and as such are ex
empt from seizure for debt when ther
are necessary to etiable him to practice
his profession with reasonable success.
in tne mnguase ot flowers a moss
rosebud is a confession of love; a red
rosebud implies that the giver consider)
the recipient young aud beautiful; and
if she returns a white rosebud she de
clares that she is too vounir to love.-
niiill-pox was accurately described
bv Kha.os. an Amman nlnsin an.
about 900 A. D. It is supposed to have
been introduced into Kurope by the
Saracens, and it was spread, widely
among the Indians by the early ex
plorers of America.
A man claiming to be a scientist
wants some ono to boro tho earth to
prevent its bursting. We have a friend
who wo think would be alilo to ilo it.
Up to this time hp has devoted all hi
bor ng energies to us, and we would bo
glatl to seo him try it on the rest of tho
earth. Potion I'ost.
Mr. F. W. ("lurk has exhibited in
London a new svsU-m of gas lighting
for pri ate houses bv means of recuper
ative lamps, liv a entilating arrange
ment the lamps consume their own
smoke, anil tho burners are so formed
thnt tlio requisite air is heated to a high
temperature aud udmittod into tie
lamps at the point of ignition.
-The University of Virginia has re
cently come into the possession of one
of tho original printed copies of the
lirst Conslitut on of Virginia, adopted
June i1.), 1770'. The paper is a sup
plement to tlio Virginia G'rt-rcffV.theo
printed at Williamsburg. J ho pre
amble is from tho pen of Mr. Jell'erson,
while tho Const tutio.n is the work of
Mr. (Jeorge Mason.
Last rear's income of the Girard
estate in Philadelphia was nine hun
dred ami fifty thousand dollars. It
real estate alone is valued at seven
million three hundred and forty-six
thousaiel dollars, besides' the college
lui tilings anil grounds. Tho collier e
of tho 'estate produce one million four
hundred thousand tons of coal dm'.n
the war.rhitadclnhia VVtws.
The oldest house, In Oregon is
four hundred and sixty-five years
old. About W:e timo that John
Hancock and those other three or
our forefathers were signing Ihe Dec
laration of Independence, savs the
Antorian, tho top of this house, which
was then a tree, blew or broke off. Iw
present occupant, a few years ago, dug
around the stump, trimmed it out, cut
door and window, and made a hab't-
able room about nine by ten feet "that
beats nothing all to pieces."
A special committee on railroad
axles have by a majority reported that
iron axles are safer than steel axle,
that all cranks should have the webs
hooped, that the iron cranks appear to
fail after running about two hundred
thousand miles and steel after a hun
dred and seventy thousand miles: it i
highly desirable that they should be
taken off and never again used in p.'
jenger engines, and that crank axle
properly constructed are as strong
straight axles. Chicago Journal.
AVitfzch of Utica. N. Y.. 'believes
that he has discovered the lost secret
of making vioiiifs that probablr
originated in England in the twelfth
century, and which has immortalized
the names of Amatis at Brescha. strain-
van and the Guarneris at Cremona.
and Steiner in the Tvrol. II has mads
sixteen violins and over two hundred
experiments, and can now construct
a violin with the tones of a flute or any
other that may be desired. He di
cards all former theories that attribute
the excellence of old instruments totbt
lacquT, varnish, singing wood. etc.
and finds that scientilic Diincioles tQi
sound wood are the basis of all perfect
instrument. Buffalo Expra.
i