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About The Eugene City guard. (Eugene City, Or.) 1870-1899 | View Entire Issue (July 24, 1886)
FAMOUS FOUNTAINS. fha Pour Mrrhitnlx Who Invented til Marly Water-Work at Vrrlll(W. Tbero Is a curious history about these Marly water-works. Wlion Louia XIV. wan laying out the garden ul Versailles he discovered that the springs and ponds included in the ground were insufficient for supplying tint fountains of the park with water. His engineers studied over the matter, and finally it was determined on the con struction of a machine to bring it from the Seine by means of an aqueduct. The plan accepted out of the several presented was ono by the Chevalier da Vllle, an engineer connected with the works in progress at Versailles, but the real author of the Marly machine, con sidered at the time one of the wonders of the world, and the scientific chef d'amvre of Louis XIV., was a poor carpenter named Kenequin Sualem. Shut up in a little cottage at Iiongival lie patiently elaborated the diagrams of the complicated ensemble of beams, -wheels, and dams, for which Chevalier de Viile got all the credit, and he sub mitted to this injustice rather than lose bis only means of support, the small salary paid him as a subordinate to the Chevalier de Viile. The machine was Intended to force the water of the Seino to the top of the aqueduct. This was accomplished by 14 wheels, each 89 feet in diameter, working 64 pumps, which carried the water to a rirst reservoir dug in the side of the hill, whence 79 other pumps carried it to a second reservoir, and from there it was fijfrcud by 78 pumps to the reservoir from which it flowed into the aqueduct. In all there were 221 pumps to raise the water to a height o( .604 feet from the surface of the stream and to carry it a distance somewhat Jess than two miles. The inauguration took place in 1G82, in the presence of Louis XIV. and his court, who were stationed on the top of the great tower of the aqueduct. At a signal given by the King tho fourteen wheels com menced turning and in a few minutes the water was flowing Into the granite basin at his feet. The Chevalier was overwhelmed with praise, and rewards. in the shape oi titles, honor.' and money were freely bestowed on him, but poor Sualem got nothing and soon afterward died in poverty, since then his name has been given to the quai on the river nearest to the machine he erected, a tardy and sterile reparation. The machine cost 9,000,000 livres, a sum which would nowadays be equiva lent to flO. 000, 000. Its capacity was six Uiousand cubic yards of water per day; but this was found to bo an insuf ficient quantity to realize the project of Louis AlV., which was to havo the fountains playing all tho time. Then another- scheme was devised, that of turning the little river Kuro into n reservoir, and of utilizing Its water for the purpose. Work, was commenced and pushed forward actively. The erection of n aqueduct, trie remains ol which slil. exist, near the villago of Mari tenon, was undertaken, canals were dug and more than thirty thou sand soldiers labored on the enterprise. The sickness caused by tho turning over of such masses of earth was so fa tal among the troops that wagon load of dead bodies were carried away from tho hospitals by night, ana as so cretly as possible, in order not ' to cause a panio among those who wero well enough to work. The project was persisted in for several years, and only abandoned in lorttt, K&en the war required the presence of "Mirs elsewhere. According to Nwis XIV. was not sorry to xcuse to aliandon an un cost of which far ex nates. It is a well the King was . so sums spent at ver his own hands ho relating to tho mat' nplctiou the cost of larly machine has I, and at tho same It water it could sup- V.li..,l.,i..l....l A. ,1... ' uiiiiiui.suuu. itiu ....niiint of the present century supply dropped to 300 cubio yards ol water per day. The machinery was repaired and improved several times, but the results were still unsatisfac tory. In 1H.')7 it was entirely rebuilt, ami two years later the Mansart anno- duct was constructed, which supplied the grounds at Versailles with from 10,000 to M.0O0 cubio yards of water per day. This Instead of being a masked fortress of rafters and wheels which occupied a surface of 900 squara yards and deafened the neighborhood with its noise, and which it took Sua lem seven years to build, was a ma chine, simple in Its parts, working with accuracy and noiselessly. From tho small brick house that sheltered the machine, tho water Is pumped directly into an aqueduct that carries it to a reservoir with a capaoity of 3.50,000 cubio yards and from tho reservoir it is distributed through three mains to Marly, Versailles and SU Cloud. i'urii Cor. N. O, IScayune. i The Voracious Spider. A spider, as shown by an estimate by means of actually weighing it and then conllning in a cage, ate four times its weight for breakfast, nearly nine times it weight for dinner, thir teen times its weight for supper, fin ishing up with au ounce, and at 8 o'clock p. m., when ho was released, ran oft' in search of food. At this rate a mau weighing one hundred and sixty pounds would require the whole of a fat steer for' breakfast, the dose re peated with the addition of a hall dozen woll-fatlencd sheep and four hogs for supper and then as a lunch before going to his olub banquet he would indulge in about four barrels ol fresh Gsh.-iV. Y. Star. A couple of oolored children, boy and girl, near Feliciana, La., recently became engagod in a quarrel, and at a certain stage the young man threatened to shoot the girl It she did not stop talking The girl wanted the last word, aa usual, whereupon the boy pulled a revolver' and soot her in the rye, killing her iustantly. The boy it under arreL N. 0. Timu. FRENCH PEASANTRY. Ilenrllrrnl ItMulUof the Dlvlalon of Frno Into hmull Agricultural I'rnpertlaa. M. Haiidriilart declares that the di vision of land in France into smal agricultural properties is in aecord anco with the natural configuration o the country, and is, accordingly, nor mal and healthful. Many of the pro ducts which add enormously to thi wealth of Frauoo, such as the vine, tho olive, and a multitude of frui trees, need manual labor in their cul tivation, as do horticulture and mar ket-gardening. In ail these lines oi production the division of property into email estates tends directly to larger returns. Before tho French revolution thero were 4,000,000 lanfl owners. Ten years ago this numbti had doubled, and although it maj have been reduced somewhat since, in consequence of the long agricultura' depression, it is probably not fur from that figure at the present time, liar the landed estates in France pay lesf than five francs in taxes, but these plots of ground yield a gross product of double and triple the calculated re turn. When the evil of excessive di vision becomes too great, it constantly tends to correct itself by the action ol self-interest, and there is now going on in many parts of t ranee a move ment toward tho reconsolidation of es tates. Tho average yield of thesu small properties is far in excess of the average yield . of larger estates. In the matter of stock raising the small farms have decid edly tho advantage as regards horned cattle, and the large farms as regards sheep. Si ii co 1H21 the value of small properties has trebled and quadrupled, while that of large properties had only doubled. The industry and thrift induced by universal land-holding; have practically banished agricultural pauperism from France. There are a few wandering beggars and a few persons in each community depending upon aid. but provincial France is self-supportiug. l'ho, peasants are less deeply in debt than formerly; they borrow less and tlieir savings constantly accumulate Tho riso in tho price of agricultural labor has made the lives of this class of laborers much lnort tolerable than formerly, whi.e the small proprietors havo steadily unproved their condition. White bread has superseded largely the rye bread of former days, and in the more prosperous provinces meat is frequently seen on tables from which it was once almost entirely absent. The style of living is, ol course, ol the plainest description, but it is comfort' able and adequate, and the families are independent and enjoy the humble pleasures which spring from these con ditions. The great majority of cottuges are decently furnished, with respectable accommodations, and the housekeep ing is otten admirably conducted as regards cleanliness ami system. Christian Union. A NEW DISINFECTANT. How Coffee May ! Utetl at a Temporary Preitliif of Wound. Years ago some studious Germans made the observation, the correctness of which ho endeavored, and to a great extend also succeeded, to establish, by statistical data, that coffee, if taken in the morning on an empty stomach acted as a preventive against infectious and mainly acute epidemic diseases, lie quoted a great number of cases where individuals accustomed to drink a cup of hot cotlee for breakfast had either escaped an epidemic of typhoid, then ravaging tho part of Germany in which the observer lived, or if attacked by the disease, contracted it in a much milder form; while all those who died from the disease had not been in the habit of taking coffee in tho morning. This was a good number of years ago, at a. time when in many parw of Germany cofl'ee was still either an unknown or so costly a beverage as to bo looked upon as a luxury that on ly the rich could enjoy. We have forgotten tho name of tho physician, hut remember that the medical pro fession did not take kindly to the idea of ooll'ce being a disinfectant, or as they then said, an anti-zymotic, and those who could not deny the correct ness of tho observation itself, ascribed the apparent immunity to other causes; many to the hot water with which tho cotVce was prepared. That the physician, however, has not been so wrong has been but recent ly proved. During tho last meeting of the Prussian army surgeons in Ken in, Medical Director Opplur reported that after extensive Investigations, which ho related in detail, he liad discovered that wo possess in cotlee an antiseptic remedy of no mean value, but one which could well serve for the purposes of a first dressing of a wound in a bat tle. If employed at once it totally pre vented suppuration, but if used" after pus has already accumulated in the wound it leads to the formation of a scab, beneath which the wound heals with complete asepsis. Tho cotlee should bo employed in the form of powder as it might entail the loss of valuable time to have to jrrind first the roasted cofl'ee bean, which in Prussia every soldier is bound to carry about him. Dr. Oppler recommends the use of coffee tablets, which have recently been discovered by a Hamburg firm and which answers tho purposo admir ably well, as it is only necessary to rub these tablets a little, when they at once assume a powder form. Medical and Surgical Reporter, Mr. Payne, who was tho busrlcr boy for General Sully In the Indian campaign of 1SH2, lately visited a battle-ground near Cranden, in I Spink County, I). T. Ho says two hundred Indians were killed there and all bur ied in one grave by the soldiers. Skulls are now seen lying on the ground turned up ny me plow. It was, not known before by tho settlers whether Indians or whites wereburiad there. Mr. Tayne also locates the spot not far away, on the east side of the Janice river, where twenty-nine soldiers wen buried It is probable tho attention of the War Department will be called I. the matter, and proper eare giveu theii burial-place. Chicago Tunes. SOUTH PACIFIC SAVAGES. Tli War, Uro, Rita and Social Habits of th Mouth Sea llant!or. The inhabitants of tho South Paciiio coast Islands aro In many respects strange human beings, and not tho least singular fa't in connection with them is their manner and custom of life, both In the domestic circ(o and when battling with other tribes. Soma six thousand milos from this city Is the Marshall group of islands, the inhabit ants of which are conspicuous for their warlike propensities, great size and gigantic strength, together with other traits of strongly original character, ami regarding which little or nothing is known in the civilized world. A few davs ago tho three-masted schooner John Hancock returned from a trading cruise to the Gilbo and Marshall groups, and tho master of the vessel, Captain William Chipman, secured a valuable collection of curiosities in the shape of war-clubs, spears, boat-pad-dies, shells, etc. With Captain Chip man, as a passenger, was a young man, S. F. Gray, of this city, woo, during his visit to the islands, gained much interesting information concerning the islands and tlieir inhabitants. ; The natives aro large and powerful. They are not unlike tho New Zealand ers. being of a dark, copper-colored complexion. In addition to a natural Inclination for warfare they are very treacherous and In some portions "hi'' the group aro cannibals. Their main occupation is like that of the Indian, loafing and picking coeoanuts, which aro prepared and shipped to this coun try with considerable profit. '.When not engaged in harvesting the cocoa nut crop or loafing about on the ocean in a dug-out canoe, the Marshall Islander puts in his time carving gro tesque figures on canoe paddles ami in wliittlimr'oiit murderous-looking war clubs, spears, arrows and other similar weapons. In carving they display great ingenuity and while too figures a 4 shown on the paddles are not exact ly pretty, tliey are Very intricate and are not' unlike similar work dono in China. The figures on the puddle represent idols and, according to the Islander's belief, if upon his boat paddle there is carved the figure of an idol ho can safely navigate anywhere. In this con nection it may bo well to state that these Islanders aro tho boldest and most skillful canoe navigators in the Pacific. They mako voyages extend ing over many months, trusting to Providence, or' rather rain, to supply them with fresh water. They navigato by means of a small chart composed of ji'na'l sticks tied togother and repre senting the position of tho various islands as regards thopoint of depart ure. In warfare tlieir weapons consist of, elubs. spears and arrows, all of which' they use with the greatest skill and ac-, curacy. Tho clubs are made of iron-, wood and are very heavy. They are J of various shapes, tho most murderous , being the gnarled root of the ironwood tree. The other clubs are of lighter character. Tho arrows aro made of light bamboo, the points being of iron wood. The spears are also made out of the same kind of timber and run down to a lino point, which is tipped with a poisonous preparation. The feather end is fantastic and gaudy, a regular bouquet of feathers plucked from the rarest birds being used and blended together with a strict regard for colors. , The Islanders, particularly In tho vicinity of New Ireland, have no par ticular love for the whites, and it is not sn infrequent occurrence to find soma settler lying in front of his door dead. It is the work of some native, who, having become offended at the white man. has lain in wait and killed him. The natives "do not tolerato polyg amy, and after marriage tho women are' famous for their fidelity. A sort of a slave trnlllc exists throughout the islands, though, and single women can be purchased for servants for a mere tritle. Clothing Is a thing un known iu most of the islands. In and shout New Britain and Ireland, how ever, the breech-cloth is used. Sun Frunfisco Examiner. CLEAN NEWSPAPERS. th Kallly Growing Feeling Aifslimt Seiuntloiml ami I'urrlUlile Sheet. There is a growing feeling in healthy communities against journals which make it their special object to minister to a perverted taste by seeking out and serving up in a seductive form disgust ing and licentious revelations. There is good reason to be'ievo that tho clean newspaper U more highly prized to-dav than it was four or five years ngo. It is also safe to say that, as people in all ranks of life, who protect tlieir own, at least, from contamination, become more conscious of tho pernicious in fluence of a certain class of journals, which aro called enterprising because thev are ambitious to serve up dirty scandals, they will bo careful to see that tho journals they permit to be read iu tho lamiiy circle are the class that never forget the proprieties of life. Already men and women of relino ment and healthy morals have had their attention called to tho pernicious in fluence of bad literature, and have made commendable efforts to counter act the same, by causing sound liter ature to bo published and sold at popu lar prices. These efforts aro working a silent but sure revolution. The best authors aro more generally read to day than at any previous day. The sickly sentimental story paper and tho wild ranger and pirate story books are slowly but surely yield ing the field to worthier claimants. In praiso of tho decent newspaper it may be said that where it has a placo in tho family, and has been read for years by young as well as old, it has de veloped such healthy tone and such discriminating taste, that the life nature of the slums has no admirers. Fortunately, the number of such fain ilies Is increasing in the land, and as they increase, tho journal that devotes itself to sickening revelations of im morality will be compelled to find its supporters solely among those classes who practice vice and crime, or are ambitious to learn to follow such ways. Printers' Circular. SUGAR-MAKINU. How the Sarcharlna Matter I Kitractad From Cane or Root. The process of "sugar-making," In Ita essentials, is a simplo enough matter of cookery. The first care of the pro ducer Is to get all the sugar possible out of the cane or grass or root, either by squeezing out the juice or washing out the sugar; the sugar-maple saves the sugar-maker this trouble, delivering the sap ready for the boiler. The juice is then cleaned of its impurities, as coffee is cleared by the white of an egg, or water Is filtered through charcoal; It is then boiled, to evaporate as much of the water as possible, and crystallize the solid sugar; it is then cooled, and tho molasses drained off, leaving the soft dark sugars, In which each crystal has Its thin coating of molasses, or dried by a centrifugal machine as clothes are dried in the whirling drier, whence the water flies out, or further clarified and left to crystallize In white loaves, which are sawed or crushed or ground or powdered into the several varieties of fine white sugar. Most of these earlier processes are performed on the plantation, but In many cases they are repeated and the sugar carried through the final process in the great retinerios. "Refining" is, in fact, little more than a liner repetition of the pro cesses of ."making," and to do these simple things on a great scale and in the best way is the solo purpose of those enormous beo-hlyes of industry. The sugar-maker's first aim is to get from the cane as much of its percentage of juice as it can be induced to give up. Tho juice is enclosed in little cells of lignoso, or woody fibre, which make tho other tenth of tho cane's weight. There are throe ways of extracting the juice by 'crushing, by soaking out the sugar by the process of "diffusion," or by a combination of crushing and macera tion in water. Crushing or grinding the cane Is a process in use from tho earliest limes, as is seen in the primi tive sugar mills of the East, which con sist, of the hollowed stump of a trco, within which is a grinding pestle worked by oxen treading their round, driven from the arm of tho bar by one man, while another feeds in pieces of cane, ono by ono, and takes out tho crushed remains. A mill almost as primitive as this is still in use in Arkansas. The sugar-house on a great planta tion is a largo, high building, the center of the farm, to which roads or tram ways lead in all directions. As a load of cane comes up, it is fed upon an end less belt or railway, which carries it up slowly to tho crushing-mill, an affair of simple construction but of enor mous power. The crushers aro great rollers of cast-iron, in pairs or trip lets, Bomet'mcs one set, sometimes more, working at a pressure of from fiftv to eighty pounds to tho square inch, amf so arranged as to give slightly bo fore any extraordinary strain. There are all sorts of opinions as to whether it is better to crush ond only or to re peat tho operation with increasing pressures. Tho juice flows from tho crushers in one direction; tho residual cane, now known as "begass," is car ried off in another by an endless bolt, to be used either for dressing for the cane fields or as fuel in the heating processes which tho juice is next to undergo. Ono of the rreot improvements in modern sugnr-making has been the development of furnaces which get most of tlieir fuel from the begass. R. R. Bowkir, in Har per Maqaztne. ORIENTAL LIFE. Ceremonies Obnervrd at Fashionable. Turklah Dillon; Party. In the Oriental household there are no fixed hours, no fixed habits, no reg ular sitting-rooms, dining-rooms, bed rooms. The divan, which serves as a seat or lounging place during tho day, serves as a conch at night. Each person eats when disposed to. Sweetmeats, sherbets and coffee, particularly the last, are partaken of at intervals all day long. When a regular meal is served, it is usually an "occasion" of some sort, and it is served in courses. The greater the "occasisn," tho larger the number of courses, Ono dish composes the course. It is served on a largo cir cular platter of copper or brass or sil ver or gold, according to the wealth of tho host. Tho platter is placed on a cir cular table of the same circumference as tlw platter, and about a couple of feet high. Around this table tlio guests placo themselves either on cushions or in order to be accurate I must bo in elegant squatting. There aro neither knives, forks nor plates, nothing but tho huge platter, which entirely covers the table; and from this huge dish each person helps himself with the first two fingers of the right hand. Never under any circumstances must food be touched with the left hand; to do so would be to defile it. A meal served in this way consists of any where from six to twenty-six courses. Some of them are very nice, many of them verv nasty. It is hardly necessary to say tnat no wine is served. The good Mussulman never drinks wine in public. After every course servants hand to each guest a small basin containing tepid water deli cately perfumed and a clean napkin. This is very refreshing, and, when the manner of 'dining is remembered, very necessary. There is no lack of liquid refreshment, but as this is mado up of sherbets of various flavors, but all ex tremely sweet, ono is apt, about mid way of tho feast, to long for a draught of cool, clean, comfortable water. Of course, it is always more or less of an "event" when the master of the household visits tho harem. Thero is always sad heart-burning and jealousy of the favorito wife generally the last of the lot. From this circumstance one is apt to conclude that there is a great deal of human nature about the Turk, after all. It is a very pretty sight to see a Turk ish lady of rank taking her afternoon drive. This is always in a coupe or clarence; never in an open carriage. First comes the "saiee, or running footman, always a tall, lithe, handsome young Arab, with bare legs and feet, clothed as to body in a thin white shirt, with wide, open flowing sleeves: a sash of gay colors around his waist, his head covered with the inevitable "tarboosh," aronnd w hich is rolled a great turban oi ...f nmilln Armed with a Ion!?. light staff, he waves it in graceful curves and evolutions in tho air as he runs in advance of tho horses, clearing the way. Then comes in great state the eunuchs two four or six, according to the rank of the "Pasha" to whom belongs the cortege, and then, lying back as only an Orient al woman can, Is a soft, lovely, fat crea ture, with great, languishing black eyes, whose softness and brightness aro enhanced by the "kohl" with which brows and lashes are colored. They shine like great stars above the white "yashmak'7 which covers the lower portions of the face. Some timos may be seen a littlo, soft, dimpled hand, with palm and finger-tips rosy with "henna." The whole woman is en veloped in clouds of soft, white drap ery, with here and there a great jewel gleaming. The "saice" flies on with his light, swinging pace and musical cry. The eunuchs ride rapidly and well, but with great "state and ancient ry." Then the carriage bearing Fa tima appears a mass of white drap ery, a gleam of jewels, a flash of dark eyes, a vision of beauty! and then a cloud of dusLiV. Y. Mail and Ex press. IMPORTANCE OF CAPITALS. The Drenele State of England In Ca London Were Captured. Napoleon enunciated this aa a mili tary principle in his reflections at St. Helena, giving his reasons, and attrib nting his rapid conquests of Austria, Prussia and Spain to the defenseless state of their capitals, and the loss of his own kingdom in 1814 to the same de fect. In the war between Prussia and Austria in 18(56 tho lattor power made peace when the capture of Vienna be ramo almost inevitable. When the French and Germans fell out in 1870 the French cry was "a Berlin;" and tho lierninn hosts having cleared the French li dd armies out of tho way. fastened their grip on Parti as tho vitaj point l'ho enormous development of the Ger man force, and tho long-conntinued oc cupation of tho country before they could force the city to ' surrender to blockade, afford a moasure of tho ad vantage of fortifying a capital as a means' nf preventing an 'attack 'upon it. The Crimean war and tho Italian war of 1851) might seem exceptions to the rule that the capital is tho vital point, but they are not. The first was undertaken as a means of preventing Russia from faking or threatening tho capital of Turkey, which is, besides, a most im portant strategio point The second was in a sense a local war for an out lying province of Austria, in which that .State was not itself invaded it all; nevertheless, tho capture of tho capital of Lombardy was fol lowed by the evacuation of that province by Austria, and the battle of Solferino was only necessary to prevent her at tempting to recover it. London, bo lides being our commercial and social center and the seat of Government, in cludes within its immediate neighbor hood and the circuit of its defense our only great arsenal and manufactory of guns at Woolwich, our prin cipal powder factory at Wal thnm and some of our largest private powder factories, our great and only Government small-arm manufactory at Enfield, and our chief store of small arms at tho Tower. The capture of London would therefore paralyze our ilcfeii-e, and though uo doubt we could transfer tho seat of Government else whorc, and find factories of arms, powder, etc., in tho midland coun ties and the north, yet they are very ac cessible to a foreign army and equally undefended. It will serve to give some idea of our position in cose we lost com mand of the sea round our coast (we must not limit our command to the channel), if it is remembered that Lon don is only fifty miles from the south coast and fifty from the east; that after many b;tles, and in spite of French forces numbering 210,000 men, the Ger mans had got to Paris, 250 miles from the frontier, six weeks after it was tto8ied.FortniylUly Review. BEE-CULTURE. the Annual Profit to Un Derived From an Ordinary Hive. As to how much honey may be ex pected from each hive no ono can give a eorroct answer. A swarm may store a largo supply one season and full short the next. The tempernturo of the at mosphere, tho duration of the winter, tho length of the following season, and tho number and kind of plants within their roach affects the result. Then, again, something depends upon how much the bees aro ass'st 'd. By supply ing artificial comb, and arranging the hives fo as to permit tho colony to have plenty of cells to fill, as weil us keep up their numbers, they will perforin a greater amount of work. Bee-keeping is a science, and ho who engages in tho business should mako himself familiar, not only with the habits of the bees, but also with tho condition of the colo nies at all (periods of tho year, as well as with the plants upon which the urvamjiit. ijr Biuub Buvimuu iu Ills duties a New 1 ork bee-keeper succeeded in netting twenty dollars per hive from his bees for thirteen years, the number of hives being forty-two. We may es timate much lower than such figures for the average bee-keepor, and allow only five dollars as tho net profit which, con lidcring the ease with which the bee keeper will secure that proportion, is an amount that will amply reward tho owner. The profit depends upon tho food and its abundance hs well as the number of colonies. It is much better to have only ten strong colonies, yield ing ten dollars per hive, than twenty weak colonies that produce oniy five dollars per hive. As a rule, the major ity of bee-keepers are induced to keep too many bees, which Is not always the more profitable method. Farm, Field tnd Stockman. Several cheese factories in Chau tauqua County, New York, have lately been transformed into creameries for the manufacture of butter of a hih grade. Low profits in cheese is the rea Kn for the ohango. Buffalo Express. 1 I M TUP IS-, t . now Hen and Young Chirk, au Carl ror In Earl, 8llBl J" One must not expect too ... L" poultry-keeper certainly will k't pointed unless he discount- i,; , fifty per cent, and is contented ia t the old story who counted her cl!' ? too soon is only a type of the 0 poultry amateur, who uses ajj?; and multiplication too freely badly cut up by division when i." to sum up the results of his fc Nevertheless, there is a wav l" successful in keeping poultry , man or woman, boy or girl, nfo 1 seep a hock oi twelve or twenty i and nnn ftfrnra iiti of '. "i-.-;-- r mo ena id r inwn A nrolit. of n faar .1.11 i -1 " uuiiapi t them, is on tho way to niakeiL ' uu.siiii'ss m uhuui uno thin is favorable, which is that i Hi- nets are salable everywhere ii i'f prices, while near a large town 1 quite a good price can be obtai both eggs and chickens. Near id city a profit of f 7 per head hm 1 made from a flock of twenty-two u Brahma hens, the eggs averaging dozen to ench hen for the year ,y j young fowls forty pounds pet d w hich resulted from an average ol( ! chicks to each hen, and each jo'f fowl when fat for the holidays, f mg one with another, five poundj, j 25 cents a dozen for the egto,l cents a pound for the chickens th total equaled $H.75 per hen. Thji t fi tii nee will a nor a a basis for com J ison with other flocks less favm, t situated, mid if the usual division i indulged in and tho product be hali.j and the prices then be halved, ft will still be the very comfortable j satisfactory profit of nearly 8:' txr j This figuring ought to be encoorwi-j ,to the ambitious young noultrv-kej wno can see very, cieany that hi., pay to rear poultry, although tliew. of eggs and fowls may bo low, if h, caref ul ami attentive to the needs oj flock. In spring and summer careuiD. needed. Tlio brooders aro busy and l young chicks arriving freely requires tent ion. 1 he greatest bane liowcm . the poultry yard is fussing. Wb, hen is well set she should be left iW The hen understands tho busincs; incubation better tlian any mcubat maker,' and tho only cure rcquir - i t. 1 unci a iicu is ouiuiy on we fc. is to watch for the chicks and ready to tako them . from the ay until all the brood is lmtchcil i small basket, with a piece of blanket. soft woolen cloth to cover the rott- il . 1 - u 1 . . V nestlings win oe iouim very useiult save the voung clucks from crushed in tho nest. As they are hatA- tliey slioinu be brougbt in and put; tne oasKet, wnicn is. Kept in air. place. No feeding is required twenty-four hours or more. The lit creatures will sleep and digest the w1 nants of tho yolk inclosed within tk during tho ono or two days the i to II be wi mainuer of the brood are coming fon. Tlio coops should bo roomy and slioi be put in a dry place. Alter a numb: of years' practice we think an open b-. facing the south is the best place fort coops, which aro thus protected. irr smiiipn ra'ii storms or tougu wtiuwr I on the hen is in the coop witti ti brood lio will get along without bq watched, and fussin? is asainabann her. The stin ile food for young chiri is cracked w heat and corn. A cot mill will serve to crack the wheat and' bushel of corn may be taken to them , and be ground into coarse hom'iiv This is for tho first few days' feedin; Whole "wheat may be given when tk chicks are ten days old. The greatf- treat is a few earth worms Que trot rich damp soil, and these are swallow with aviditv. and seem to t heathfiil. In placo of these we hi some lean beef and chop it fc and give a teaspoonful to a brood off. or twelve once a day. Pure water v- neweil three times a day is indispens ble. The very frequent "gapes" wide! destroys one-third of all the chicken hatched, as we lielieve. is easily stow by kei ping the ch'cks on clean ground Our chicks havo the run of the garder tho coops being set among the meto where there is more room, but adja to the pt her ooops. The sprightly, tive votinsr creatures will wander ots half an acre of garden, picking apt Ilea beetles from tho radishes, and nips, the flies from tho onions, jumpin; up to take striped bugs from theme nnd cucumbers, and by their restl ness disturbing every insect j est at' savins something from its ravage Is a garden of half an acre there if W- lor twenty crops of ten chicks eacn.B the service these 200 chicks w pay all the cost of rearing them. little enrn-raeal scattered aroundap troe, w'a'uti is jarred immediately afr ward, will bring up tho chicks, wk will sei.e upon every sly eurculiow drops and lies as if dead, and will save the plums. The garden ground clean nul th" gape worms are notpic' up to Infest the young chicks. lint tlio hona almiilil nnt. be nefflM'' altno-Ptti.T. TIipt are. or should & inclosed in a yard and kept out of chief. If the vard is large, as it shoe be, and divided into two parW to as0 J, a change, and each half alternate ( sown with oats or peas, or rape w;, for green picking for the hens, they -y. do as well as if on a range. But amj. other varied food, a liberal iri-w" hnnAa from- fc'f 11 with I 11 mcr, should not be neglected ana t annmianee oi pure water siu-ui" -1 ; vided. We have found a pasta" ' I. ung rape and mustard sown u alf of the yard to be a most e tirnvooitivA nf pchn. and the plowing spading of the vard a handplo. very useful for tliis purpose buries the foul matter and keeps the gT sweet, pure and healthful. tnnA anil rrrrvnrwl 1j TmrticillflTif ducive to health, and health to egg; PI. -k I ' ,1- nrnfiL Of ry Stewart, in A. T. Times. The Now YLeSslaturt pw! bill providing that no minor uD age of eighteen and no woman twenty-one shall be employed manufacturing establishment more sixty hours per week, and that no & umhr thirteen shall be employed ii such eMabl'shicent, J