LA SE.VOIUTA.
Elvira Budnor Miller In Courier-Journal.
I nf ber on a golden day,
Tlie Spanish belle of Monterey; . , ,
When tirrt her beauty's glad surprise
Phown out like starlight in the skies : ""
Twat evening on the Alamo; .
' When senoritaa coin and (".
Each looking with coquettish glancei
From lace mantilla that euliawt
Their beauty as the oft dim tlirowt
An added splendor ruuud the roue.
The high comb in her raven hair
Held one red blnewttn prisoned there,
And round her neck au amber chain
Had caught the sunlifrbt a yellow rain
The dusky bloom of throat and chin
Was like a flow r with vine therein,
The glad spring in her slop, the South
Glowed In the rose of cWk and mouth,
While over form and face was thrown
A spell the coldest heart must own.
She pawed scrcnoly thro' the throng
A perfect poem sot to song,
While e'en her graceful (an bad taught
Borne volcelei) lore the speech it sought;
. Bbe did recall a night of stars,
Soft aerenadw 'neath lattice tars,
A rote dropped silently below.
Where slept the moonbeams' drifted snow,
Fond looks for love alone to mark
A dagger thrust made in tho dark.
I watched ber as she moved apart
And loft a winter in each heart,
Then said, half sadly: "As the flower
Hath grace and beauty for an hour,
Ho she, this radiant newcomer,
Is but the blowout of a Hummer,
like Joshua I would command
The sun of loveliness to stand,
That odc so exquisite as she
Might bloom and shine lm mortally."
Facia for farmers,
M. Quad's Letter.
Bee here, my farmer friend, let me give
you a few facts. Hie average farmer
shortens the service of bis lumber wagon
one year by leaving it out in the sun and
dew. His plow would last one year longer
If kept painted and sheltered. For the
want of a little attention bis harness wears
out only half its days. His burns and
sheds go to rack for the want of paint.
Where the hoof-rot could be stomied in
the first sheep if he were posted, he stnpj
it in the thirtieth.' The fanner who gets bis
agricultural bints from the tilmanac loses
bis bogs by the cholera, Mh fowls by the pip,
and his horses slobber from hit gute to the
Tillage store And back. Let a man run
your farm on business pinciplc and the
fence corners would not take up four acres
out of every forty; there would be no old
box-drains about tlie house to bring
typhoid fever anil doctors bills. Those
leaks, in tho roof of the barn would not
spoil three or four tons of bay next yeur;
tho want of un envc-trough on the house
would not rave in the cellar walls; the
first sign of disease umong tlie livo stock
would be promptly treated; tooU and im
plement of every sort should be carefully
Loused, and
Well I urn going to shock you. I'd
have the harness oiled and hugcles and
wagons washed once a week. I'd have a
lawn about the lioui, and make a display
of flowers and shrubs; I'd give a party now
and then, and I'd encouruge meetings of
fanners ouce or twice a mouth, not to
kick about railroad freights or jaw about
polities, but to post each, other on farm
work and the beat way to manage it.
Drave Nam Houston tu Alabama.
The Century.
Tlie fire of the Indians was deadly, and
thus, mu7,zlc to muzzlo, the combat raged
for some time. Houston's major, L. P.
Montgomery, was the first msn on top of
the works, where be was instantly killed.
Young Houston, who had a short time be
fore been promoted to onslgn, seeing his
major fall, sprang at once to tho spot and
received a barbed arrow In his thigh.
With the arrow still In the quivering flesh,
' the young ensign, railing en bis men to
follow him, leaped dowu Into the mti.su of
Indians, and by bis vigorous strokes soon
had a space cleared arouud him.
The works were soon curried, tho In
dians fleeing leforu tho troops into the
undcrbruoli. . Houston now sat down,
called one of his lieutenants to him, und
told him to pull tho arrow from the.
wound. Two strong je rks failed, when
Houston exclaimed in an agony of pain
and Impatience: "Try again, und if you
full bis time, I will Mrike you to the
ground."' Throwing hU entire weight
against the arrow, tho lieutenant drew it
forth, but with fearful laceration and lass
of blood. While tho wound was being
dressed by the surgeon, Oeu. Jackson rode
tin und siH)'- words of praise to bis young
friend, giving him an order not to enter
tho battle again, which Houston begged
him to recall; but the general only re
peated It more peremptorily, and rode on.
lu a few mimitea Houston was once more
In the thick of that hand-to-haud struggle,
which closed only with the full of night.
Acidulated Fruit of the Via.
(Now York Journal.
"There's a seat," paid ono IJrooklynito
to another in tho bridge-cars tho other
morning. "You sit dowu," was tho re
ply to thu Invitutinx
"Really, now, I don't rare to sit down.
I have to lm seated so much during tho
day that" He fore tho first speaker had
finished his second tny a school girl bud,
with a well HSKUincu uir of innocence,
slipped under their gesticulating urms
Into their M at,
"I really prefer to stand In the morn
ing." "bo do I," said the Drunk tynito,
while the seuted passengers, betrayed the
ghost of a stirca.it iu smile.
A ltapld Traveler.
New York Bun.
"My ion," said an economical father,
"an express train attains great speed.
Llgbtuiug Is proverbial for its rapidity,
comets are supposed to hurl themselves
through space at tho rate of millions of
miles a day, but, comparatively spcakiug,
ail these tlilugj are snails, my boy, all
nails. "
" Why, father, " replied the young man,
lazily pulling a 25 cent cigar, "what con
possibly go lastt-r than lightning?"
"A fi-lill after It is ouco broken, my
on."
KIuIdc la Pittsburg.
I'fcilKlelphia CalLI
Irute Tittsburg Parent This thing has
got to stop, You have been allowing
young Mcvfcllow to kiss you.
"Hut, pa, why do you think"
"I don t think; 1 know. Ho kissed you
all over your mouth and on lo!h chefUs. "
"Why, , you wero not there, anil"
"No," I fas not there, but 1 am here, I
see that thore Isn't a bit of soot left on your
face below your f oreheaiL "
European Pasaensjer Trade.
Chicago Herald.
On all European railways there are first,
second and third class fares for passenger
traftlc; tho third cUui fares yield the larg
est margin of profit During the Inst ten
years the rate have been generally re
duced, and it has been found that the re
duction has invariably Increased traffic
enormously, even peasanta, who formerly
did not dream of traveling, indulging In
the luxury of riding behind the iron horse,
ONE HEART.
(EDa Wheeler b Midland Monthly J
To Hsefeatly, I work late, hntry
through his three meals like some ban
srry animal, and plunge into bed with
tho first shadow of night, was John
Chester's idea of existence.
To ait and talk awhile, to read an
hour, to speak a tender word or bestow
a, tender caress, were follies and non
sense in his eyes. Yet they would hare
made Gertrudes life at least content, if
sot happy.
"Poor thing. I don't bri eve she has
ever had anv one tell her she ou;ht not
to work so hard," muse I Breece. "Well.
Ill do what I can to brighten her dull
li.'e while I'ni here."
"Are you fond of books?" he asked
ber that evening, as she sit mending.
"Very," she answered. "I have never
bad very many, though, sinco I come to
Iowa."
"Would you like to lbs mine? or
would you like to have me read aloud a
little while every evening, wh le jou
sew?"
"0, if you would only real to me I"
Gertrude answered, her checks flaming
with a sudden glory.
"I will," he answered, and after that
he read almost evening for an hour,
while the steady, sonorous snore from
the next room tebtitied to the undis
turbed slumber of John Che ter.
Of course there could be but one re
sult for a woman in Gertrude Chester's
situation, exposed to the constant, de
lightful companionship of a young, re
fined and handsome man. hue grew to
love him with all hor heart and soul.
For weeks she did not know her dan
ger. Then she began to realize it; at
first with fright and sbaa-e, and then
w ith exultation.
"I have done no wrong," she said to
her own soul "I have not by look or
word or not brought this upon myself.
It has come to me, and it would not
have come if it had not beou best for
me. Lif u holds a new glory for me ; the
world is more beaut ful than it ever was
to me. Iam better, stiougcr, nobler
for ray love. He does not know he
need never know its exis'enos. I can
conceal it, but 1 will not try to banish
it Irom my hoort."
lirecce'lJerton became indispensable
in tlie Chester household. He often
lont a strong arm at the ax, and in the
hay field, "it develops rousi'lo," he
would say, and as ho paid his board
bill regularly, John Chester made no
objection. Gertrude grew freherand
younger everyday, fcihehadnothnowu
what it was to ha e to much assistance
and sympathy ia all her married life,
bbe tang like a bird, her step grew
elastic,, and her eyes were glorious in
their new beauty.
bhe hold a strong rein upon herself.
She was neer betrayed into the slight
est look or act which told hor secret.
Hor wanner toward JSreoce Berton was
that of a blithe, frank sister or comrade
whether in presence of others or
alone with him, and this love grew, and
filled her whole being like a gre t light.
Sometimes she thought o( the time
when he must go away. The thought
always brought a quick, sharp paiu
with it. yet only for a moment.
"This love is mine, whether he goes
or stay-nothing can take that i rem
me," bhe reasoned, and the spirit within
her looked out through her lovely eyes,
until all who saw bur remarked how
young anil beautiiul Gertrude Chester
was growing.
llrecce Berton finally grew grave,
moody and absent-minded.
Whou questioned by Gertrude if he
was ill or in trouble, he answered that
his business matters annoyed him, noth
ing more. Yet, as the weeks went by
Gertrudo know that there was some
thing more sho feared that ho ha 1 dis
covered hor secret, and was ongry or
displeased, bhe diew n ore within hi r
self, and treated him almost with cold
ness. A week later he announcod that he
was goiug away.
They wore quite alone John Chester
sleeping heavily in his room.
"For long?" she questioned, as she
bent over her sewing.
"For good," he ropliod; "I have
thrown up my go crnmeut business
my land agency allairs- and I a n going
back to 1 hiladolphia to outer into busi
ness thore."
"Indeed." she answerod very calmly;
"when did yon decide upon this? and
why? bo'uicthing must have oc
curred." "Yes, something has occurred," ho
repliod.
"May I ask what? or would you
rather not tell me."
Hor 1 cart was beafnt wildly, a sick
ening foar that he referred to her love
for hira mnde hi r feel luint and dizzy.
But he was not looking at her.
"1 would rather not I must not toll
you," ho resjHuidod. "it would pain
and anger you."
bhe knew now that ho did refer to
her love for him. That he ha I dis
covered it, and was driven away by it.
A blaze of an;iry pr.de truubt the
blood back to her cheeks. M e would
convince him that he was mistaken, if
the otlort killed her.
"If it concerns myself, or my hus
band," she sa d, "I insist upon know
ing, I think it is my ri.ht to know."
"It cont-rns you bolh uta ly," he an
swered, "yot, unless xo't inn: t, I would
rather go away without teliiug vou."
"nut 1 do insU."
lie shoved l ack ti e chair in whidi
he had been si;tnr, and aro-e and
stood before Ler w til fo ded arms.
"Well, then,'' he said in a low (-low
way "1 am going away because 1 love
you with all my heart and soul
Gertrude."
bhe eo ered her face w th her bands.
He.-heart ceased beating, her whole
lm ng thr lied with t. e most exquisite
drlight as he l.ttened to his words a
de'.i.ht that was klu.ost agony. He
loved hor he loed. Ah I now she w as
ready to d e.
He reached forward and took her
hands from her lace. She drew ti:em
quickly away, and fared him, white and
bvantitul aa a rrddesa.
"No," she ta d. "do not stay-go. It
ia best, But 1 ana not anyry with you
I-1, too love jou. So: do not
speak do not touch n e, Breece. Let
this love tetna'n as holy an 1 beautiful
as its source, which is divine. Let it
not be profaned. Go, ! I will stay.
Put the love is ours, and will help and
strengthen and glorify our lives
alwava."
"Yes,1 and soma time some time,
Gertrude, God will give you to me. I
feel it I know it I can wait. Good
night."
The next day he said good -by to her
in the presence of her husband; a white
cirole about hia mouth and his t verted
eyes alone spoke bis agony. 1
He was su.ering intensely it was a
young man's first pasdon. Ue had
ne'er loved any woman save his mother
and sister until now. All his heart and
soul had gone out to this mature and
beautiful and ret ned woman who was
six years his senior.
he never likrd to think of the weeks
which followed, they wero so full of
keenest torture and misery. There was
no aa- or in lite the city sight i and
sounds maddened him, the la -es of old
friends were hateful to him. He
di earned only of the glory of one
woman's eyts.
Ue w rote occasionally to the Chostcrs,
letters which all tho world miht see.
1 hey were life and light and food to
Gertrude, bhe read between the lines
Her days weie not to full of misery and
pain as his. Her love was an exalted
tort of eotacy, whioh sustains 1 her in
his absence as well as in his presence.
"He is mine, here, there in life or
in death." she ieasoned. "It is a spir
itual union which does not depend upon
physical presence. Jiotbing can di
vide us -now, or ever."
bhe believed in this fully, and was
happy, but she wrote ntthing her hus
band could not see. and bhe felt sure
Bree e would understand all that she
left unsaid.
Two years had pas ed, when John
Ches er went on a protracted land hunt
to i akota. Gertrude had mentioned
the fact in a recent letter, liy return
mail came one from lireoce, a few
brief. ) aseionata lines, beggiug her to
allow him to see her. the, tco, was
tilled with a wild longing to see him,
but she w rote him a elm refusal.
"It is not right, or wise, or best," sho
sa d. "Come when he returns, but not
during his absence."
Breece Berton's jealous hatred of the
man who called her wife, prevented him
from adopting the conditional invita
ton. He wrote less frequently after that,
but he sent her papers ani books, bhe
always felt herself romembered. even
when six months passed with no letter.
And so two more years passed away,
and then John Chester's robust frame
becamo the prey of pneumonia. At the
end of another ) car he died.
All that tender nursing and constant
care could do, Gortrude g ive, bhe
slept only by snatches for months be
fore he died, bhe sat in torturing po
sitions and held his head upon her
breast for hours, that he might rest
easier, bhe lost flesh and color, and
dark circles came about her eyes.
Yet her spirit never faltered, some
strange power sustained her.
After lie was dead and all was over,
she was ill for a time.
Two mouths a, ter John diod she
wrote her first lottor to Breece. It was
but a few lines announcing his death,
and her own subsequent illness.
It brought a letter of conventional
sympathy iu return. She had not ex
I ectod uiore, yet in her heart was a new
feeling, r he could not curb hor love,
now that it was not wrong, yet she
waited for him to be the first to suggest
a meeting.
Eight months went by, and no line
from him. The silence grew unbiar
able. bhe wrote again a formal
enough lotter, and yet she felt that it
would breathe the Lre of hor soul in
evory line. He repliod after a month
or two, with a lotter of some length,
but made no reference to any mooting.
"I fancy you will soou be besioged by
fortune hunters," he said. "You have
my sympathy."
Vhe smiled over that. Ah I that was
it I he feared to be accused of seeking
her fortune. That was why he kept
away irom hor. Well, Bhe could go to
him.
!: he had sent no intimation to Breece
of her vis.t, but she dispat 'hed a
messenger with a note, tollin;. him of
her arrival in the city, and asking him
to call that ntternoon. bhe found it
diilicult to awuil the return of her
me sengir. the pacod her room, say
ing over and over :
"It is like a dream a droinil But
0, he predicted it; he foresaw it! Ho
said (. o,l would yet give me to him."
And great tears broke over her cheeks.
'1 lie messenger brought back word
that Mr. LerU n w as ju t gi ing to the
u atinee w tli a lady; that he load the
note and begged the messenger to say
ho would rail iu tlie evening; t':at he
was alreudy late, or would write his re
ply. Her heart fell. Could she wait until
evening? And how could ho ask it of
her? How could he hour the interval,
and she so near?
Ah, but he ws acting as escort for a
lady.
bhe called bick the messenger. "Do
you know to w hat theater he was going ?
she asked.
" by, with tho crowd, to hoar Ger
ster, 1 sup ose," the boy answered.
"Evcrvbcdy goes thoie to-day."
l-ertrude rung, and ordered a car
riage, bhe, too, would attend the mat
inee. ! he swept the hou e wi h eager
eyes. And not in x a n. r he taw him
w'iih a f.i.r joung girl at his side, bhe
was very young, not mo e ti.au IS, and
he was the tout cf deuition.
It "as a lu r-il'!o af:eriioon to Ger
trude ; o.io of blow torturing doubt and
(our.
At last he came.' He had grown
handsomer and grandor dur.ng the six
years since they purled, his form
was more majestic, his hair darker, his
Isoe bad more expression. He was a
Mipeib man a man to win hearts with
out making the least effort
Her heart heaved with a wild, suf
focating passion as she looked at him.
He came forward with easy d.gnity,
and gave her hia hand, and one swift,
all-noting glance.
"1 am very gla I to see you again he
said; "but vou are not looking quite
we'd ; I fear you are fatigued.
The disappointment in h's clanee'
the formality in his tone, cut her to tin
heart bhe glanced at br reflection :i
the tail mirror opposite. Ah ! she Iiu-
not thought of it before, but she had
grown old- 0, very old, since they
parted. The physical aspect of their
Tcvehad never entered very largely
into her views, bhe had dwelt in u
state of spiritual exultation, and had
forgotten the years that were stretched
between them.
In that old time neither of thorn con
sidered ber six years of seniority. Now,
they Loth thought of it, for as she
looked ia the mirror, it was painfully
evident
"Yes, I am fatigued," she said. "The
journey tired me, and then I attended
the matinee, and the air was olose."
" 1 ea, it was close. I did not see you
there."
"1 saw you," she answered, "and
your companion, bhe was a lovely
girl."
A slow flush crept over his face.
"Yes, she is a beautiful girl. A guest
of my mother's and a great favorite at
the house."
"And liable to hold a nearer place
yet," Gertrude suggested, her own
vo ice sounding strange in her ears.
There w as a moment's silence, and then
he lifted his eyes and met hers
bravely.
"Yes," was all he said. Soon after
ward he ross to go. They exchanged a
few commonplaces, and then he turned
and took her hands.
"We are to be friends always, I
hope ?" he queried.
"Certainly ; w hy not ?" she rcponded,
with a ghastly attempt at a smile.
"Well, I hope as much. But it's
sometimes hard, after an experience
like ours, to establish a friendship. It
cannot be done unless the pass.on is
wholly outgrown. I knew-it was op
your part, four years ajjo, when you re
fused my last appeal to see you. I
think your fee ing was more pity and
sympathy f jr a mad boy than any
thing el.io, but mine was a gen
u'ne frenzy. I had to tight it for years
Gertrude. During the last two years.
I fancied I was outgrowing it; and
during tho last ear I have dared dream
I was beginning to feel a culi er and
more Leuitli.ul love in my heart. I
half droaded to meet you, though,
lest the old fnry should return, but
now I am glad I have met you, for I
know we will be royal friends hereafter
and that the past is wholly buried.'
lie paused.
"ies, wholly buried," she replied,
"and we must a' ways be royal frieiids,
indeed, Breece."
"I will see you again, I hope?"
"o, not this time. I am on my way
cast and only remained over here ono
dav to meet yon."
It was true -but the plan had been
conceived during the last five minutes,
bhe could not let him think she came
f.-om Iowa wholly and solely to meet
him, and risk this result.
"Then good-night and good bye," he
taid. " rite me at your leisure, and
when you return, come and visit us.
I think we shall be settled by that
time."
bhe closed the door behind him, send
ing a blithe good-bye after him down
the hall.
Then she turned the key and was
alone, with her castle crumbled at her
feet, and the happiness of six years lying
dead beneath.
"My l.fe is all in ruins all in ruins
God help me," she moaned. Then,
after a little, Bhe said slowly : "It is not
so much that he has gone but that it
has gone; the love which was so beau
tiful and terrible so strong with life
and passion. And to think it could be
outgrown and leave nothing, noth
ing." Then she aroso from her crouch
ing position before the open grate, and
ret. red. kel morning a strong smell
of gas pervaded the room, and Gertrude
was quite dead.
"Ouly Wan."
Ben: Perey 1'oore.l
Aunt Sallie Davis, a well-educated
lady of the old sjhool, who died in
boptembor, lBSl, aged 9-1 years, had
shaken bauds with every presidont,
from Washington to Hayes inolusive.
bhe was tall and commanding in ap
pearance, with a strong and pleasant
face, keen black eyes and affable man
ner, bhe was born in a house whioh
stood near where the congressional
cemetery was afterwards located, was
married in the same house, died within
sight of the place, and was buried iu
the cemetery. Mrs. Davis saw Wal
ton lay the corner-stone of the capitol
on bept. 18, 171)3. She was then a lit
tle girl, C years of age.
A few years afterward she taw the
father of his country at Kockvillo, Md.,
and was fou.l, in after life, of telling
an incident of that occasion, bo great
was tho enthus asm that the people
took the horses from the carriage and
pulled it along the crowded thorough
fares. At a certain point the carriage
was stopped by the crowd opposite to
where she was standing. Directly in
front of her a mother proudly lifted up
her curly-haired boy to get a glimpse
of Gen. Washington. The l.ttle fellow
burst out iu exclamation: "Why,
mothor, he's only a man !" Washing
ton heard the remark, and laughingly
called the child to him, gave him a
coin, and said: "Yes, my son, only a
man; always remember that."
A Solemn Decree.
Chicago Herald.
From a French state paper, lately
brought to light, it appears that in 1T7U
tLe following par iameLtary decree was
solemnly passed and dulv registered
under hing i ouis XV.: "Viiosoever,
by means of red or white paint, per
fumes, essences, artitic.al teeth, false
Lair, cot: on wool, iron corsets, hoops
shots with high heels, or f.ibe hips
shall seek to entice into tho bands of
marriage any male subject of his
maj-sty, shall be prosecutinl for witch
craft and declared incapable of matri
mony." Licorice.
A companv in Conrecfcut manu
factures nearly all the licorice used in
this country 17,i HHJ.tKHJ pounds a year.
Confectionery and medicine, takealiout
1,500,0.0 pounds, and the remainder
goes into tobacco.
Thriving Indnatrr.
One of the moat thriving industries
of Germany is the manufacture of an
tique armor, which modern wea'.thr
families buy to eihibit ai heirlooms.
MAKINQ CASTS IN PLASTER.
The model The Danijer-Coal Be
prod ncl dk IHarblea.
Chicago Tribune.
"Casting hi plaster is apparently a
simple process, but in the art centers of
Europe it is really a profession, and one
in which years of practice are required
in order to obtain proficiency." bo said
Mr. Howard Krctchmcr, the sculptor, in
answer to innumerable questions. "The
specimens of celebrated works of sculp
ture seen in America are good, bad, and
indifferent Too often they are the
copies of copies thnt is to say, they are
not made in the molds token directly
from tho original. The infinitesimal
variations in the first copies differences
bo slight as not to be detected by eye or
measurement are serious if continued.
"Did you ever notice that when a car
penter is sawing several lengths of board
tie always uses the same piece for a
measure? The reason is, that, whatever
difference or error may occur in any
single measurement cannot be continued
or increased if the original measure is
adhered to.
"But you wish to know how plaster
c&sts are made; well, then I must first
impress you with the fact that sculpture
consists of three distinct processes. First,
the clay or wax model; second, the plas
ter copy; and, third, the finished work
in marble, bronze, or whatever material
is desired. Now, a tinted preparation
of plaster of Paris mixed with water, of
the consistency of rich cream, is thrown
in a thin layer upon the soft, moist clay
model. This is called the danger-coat,
and is followed by a thicker coating of
coarse plaster, sometimes supplemented
by iron rods or sticks imbedded in it to
give proper strength to the mold. In a
few momenta the plaster by a chemical ar
rangement sets und becomes a hard, rigid
covering, the inner surface of which is
in close, perfect contact with the sur
face of the model, following the very
minutest dotuil of form and texture.
This covering or mold is divided or sep
arated iuto such portions as tho charac
ter of the form may render necessary by
pieces of tin or brass set edgewise, like
a division wall in the clay, before the
plaster is applied.
"When the plaster is hardened suffi
ciently the several pieces are separated
from each other and from the clay with
but little difficulty. Of course the clay
model is partially and sometimes wholly
destroyed in the process of removal.
Any adhering clay is removed; the sur
face is carefully washed, and after the
application of oil, soap-suds, or a solu
tion of soda to prevent adhesion of
tho plaster with which the inner surface
of the mold is ufterwards covered the
pieces are adjusted and firmly bound to
gether. "We have now a plaster form akin to
a jelly or ice-cream mold into which a
preparation of plaster is thrown and
workeiL, covering the inner surface to
the necessary thickness, and allowed to
harden. The coarse plaster and bind
ing irons of the mold are now broken off
by means of a dull, blunt chisel and
mallet, leaving the plaster cast covered
by a thin coat of tinted plaster. This
danger coat is then carefully removed
by the same means, the previous appli
cation of oil and soda admitting of easy
separation, while the difference in tint
between the cast and the danger-coat
serves as a valuable guide in the delicate
operation.
"I have already explained to you tho
way in which a copy of a elay model is
made by means of what is called a waste
mold. "Both model and mold are de
stroyed or wasted in tho operation. The
method employed to reproduco the cast,
or a marble, bronze, or any other rigid
form, without injury to the original is
very different and requires great skill.
Indeed, very few of the for
matones as men who follow this
industry are called in Italy
aud only those of exceptional ability,
are permitted to make copies of the val
uable works contained in the public and
private galleries of Europe. The reason
for this the danger attendant on the
work I will explain to you presently.
"Reproductions are made by what is
called a piece mold, which is so arranged
that the various pieces can be readily re
moved and readjusted.
"Thus, in molding a sphere, orsav an
egg, by precision in the dividing line,
the mold might be mado of only two
pieces, as both would draw from the ob
ject without difficulty. A pear of irreg
ular shape might require three or four
pieces. And whon you consider the in
tricacies of forms in a figure or group
you will not be surprised when I tell you
that several hunlred or even a thousand
pieces are sometimes necessary. These
pieces are held together or keyed by a
plaster cover of two or more parts,
called a cask, which serves the same pur
pose as tlie hoops around the staves of a
tub or barrel, or a printer's chase for
tyjie.
"When the mold is completed the cask
is first removed, tho parts being laid
near the work, and into them the vari
ous pieces of the mold are adjusted as
they are removed from the figure. The
parts of the cask are then fastened to
get her, and we have a plaster form simi
lar to a waste mold; the cask taking the
place of the heavy coating, the pieces of
the mold representing the danger coat.
When a plaster cast has been made in
this the mold may be removed, as I have
just related, and is ready for another
copy. When many copies are to be made
from it it is dried, oiled, etc., details
unncccessary to describe. Gelatine
molds are now frequently used, the gela
tino being held in position, like the piece
mold, by a cask.
"A great danger in making plaster
molds on marble lies in the fact that
plaster expands slightly in setting.
While this quality adds to the perfec
tion of the impression, it may, unless
great discretion is used, crack or break
forms in hinh relief, such as ornaments
or even liinbs or delicate masses of
drapery."
When Tber Will Realize.
The Boston Globo thinks that when
the 112 young fellows who have gradu
ated from lnceton as "journalists"
have worked twenty-three hours out of
twenty-four for a few weeks, they will
begin to realize what Longfellow meant
when he wrote: "Life is real, life L
earaest.'' Dr. Talmago: Genius is worse than
stupidity if it moves in the wrong direo
tion.
The Ancient and modern Roedla.
, Hardware.
The needle is one of the most ancient
instruments of which we have any rec
ord. The modern needlo is a pointed
instrument having an eye,and is used for
carrying a thread through some kind of
fabno or other material It is probable,
however, that the needles of those people
who lived in very ancient times had no
eyes, as instruments of bone, which
were most likely used for this purpo e.
were found in caves that were inhabited
by the ancient people of France; and
the needles of ancient Egypt, which are
pescribed as being bronze, do not ap
bear to have been made with eyes,
dome writers are of the opinion that in
place of the eye a circular depression
was made in or near the blunt end, in
which the thread was buried, l'liny
describes tho needles of bronze which
were used by the Greeks and Romans.
These instruments have been found in
the ruins of Herculaneum.
The first account that history gives of
the manufacture of needles is that thoy
were made at Nuremburg in 1760, and
while the date of their first manufacture
in England is in doubt, it is said to have
commenced in that country about 1543
or 1543, and it is asserted that the art
was practiced by a Spanish negro or na
tive of India, who died without disclos
ing the secret of his process. During the
reign of Queen Elizabeth this industry
was revived and has continued ever
since, Christopher Greening and a Mr.
Darner established needle factories at
Long Credon, Redditch, near in England,
1850, and these were soon followed by
other London needle makers. 1
Redditch is still the center of needle
manufacture. The eyes of the earliest
needles were square. Many unsuccess
ful attempts wero made to bring out the
so-called "drill-eyed" before they were
finally introduced in 1826. Two years
later tho burnishing machine, in which
tho eyes of the needlo were polished was
completed. In this machine tho needles
aro strung on a steel wire, which is
caused to revolve rapidly and thereby
impart a beautiful finish to the eye.
The process of hardi ning needles was
for many years accomplished by casting
them, while red-hot, into cold water.
By this means a largo proportion be
came crooked, and tho services of a large
number of workmen were required to
straighten them. In 1840 tho substitu
tion of oil for water took placo, and as
this caused a large number of the work
men to bo thrown out of employment, a
riot took place at Redditch, and tho in
troducer of the oil process was driven out
of town. The machinery for making
needles has now been brought to such a
state of perfection, that from the coil of
steel wire to the finished needle, the
machines used perform their vigorous
operations in a manner that may said
to be almost automatic.
A Battle of tlie Bird.
Long Branch Cor. New York Sun.
In front of Maggio Mitchell's cottage
in Park avenue, near Elberon, a robin,
plump and large, was enjoying a soli
tary least recently in the middle of the
road, when 'a pugnacious sparrow
alighted alongside of him. The sparrow
chattered and Happed his wings as if to
invite the robin to leave. The robin
evincing no disposition to retire, the
sparrow forthwith proceeded to porch
upon the robin's spinal column. The
contest was brief and bloodless. The
robin came to the conclusion that that
was no place for him.
Hardly had the victorous sparrow
turned to taste the sweets of his triumph
when there was a sharp whirr, and a
thrush darted through tho air, swooped
down uon the sparrow like an avenging
angel, and the feathers began to fly.
The sparrow chattered as if calling for
assistance, but kept on fighting liko a
Turk. Tho thrush make no noise. For
a minute the fight was maintained with
great obstinacy and with doubtful re
sults. The sparrow, in point of size,
was overmatched, but in agility he was
tho superior.
The birds rolled in the 'dust, picking
and clawing at each other. Tho spar
row at last gave indications of weariness,
but when two others of his species clat
tered up, like reserve fire engines after a
third alarm, his courage revived.
Hut now the thrush resorted to
strategy. He darted away, thus sepa
rating his antagonists. Ho then spread
his wings, and, liko a flash of lightning,
dashed into, the nearest sparrow, stretch
ing him out iu the dust. Tho other as
sistant sparrow displayed no longer any
enthusiasm to continuo the contest
Tho sparrow that first got into the fight,
seeing one of his comrades prostrate and
himself deserted, flew up into a tree and
gave vent to his feelings in chattcrings.
Tho thrush, finding himself the sole
survivor of tiio fight, helped himself to
the repast discovered by poor robin, and
looked unconcernedly at his stunned and
prostrate foe, gathered himself together
and Hew away. While the thrush was
in the road not a sparrow interfered
with him, although there were ten or
twenty of them in the vicinity, watch
ing his movements.
What Queen Has Written.
Exchange
Queen Elizabeth, of Roumania, is one
of the most literary ladies of European
courts. She has written much about
women, and some of her thoughts are
worthy )f transcription:
"If a woman is bad," writes the queen,
"man is generally the cause thereof."
"Do not trust a man who docs not be
lieve in thy happiness in thy home."
"Among the savages the wife is an ani
mal of burden, among the Turks a
luxury, among tho Europeans sho is
both'
"The woman of the world is seldom
the wife of her husband."
"An unhappy wife is like a flower ex
posed to the blast; she remains a bud
for a lonfe time, and when she develops
to a blossom she quickly wiihers and
fades,"
"Tho virtue of a wife must often be
very great, for not unfrcquently she
mut have sufficient for both herself and
her husband."
"if one forgives one loves no longer,
for true lovo knows nothing of forgive
ness. "
"Tlie jealousy of thoso who love ns is
the grandest flattery."
"Man and wife should never cease to
lo a little courting, no matter how old
cy may bo."