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About The Eugene City guard. (Eugene City, Or.) 1870-1899 | View Entire Issue (July 30, 1881)
EUGENE CITY GUARD THE GHAT VOnTHWENT. la Attlreii DellrereC bf Hoi. V. C. George at Albany, Orffon. Billow Citiimii At lb request of your commlUee, I purpose to ipMk of "The Futura of our Great Northwest," a lubject teiected br yourooinmltu and of In tereat to all, aod one Uitt li frand and great In ili pottibllitie aad probablliliot. It thall be my aim to confine myself as nearly wlllilu the limits of "the ihort adilrett" ranuetted at ii consistent with Uie overwhelmingly large aubject auigned me ( yet it will probable end like all other aUemijU at pretslng what would fill a barrel into a thimble raeaiure. The great north wat embrace! all of Oregon andWuhingtonTerilloryand tuch portioni of Nera.lt, Maho, MonUoa and Utah Territories, and of Dritiali America, at are drained by the Columbia river and iti tribuUriea Thil water bed oontaini over 3VJ,000 iiar mites-a grand oopt of country greater than Maine, New Ham mb ire, Vermont, Massachusetts, llhode Island, Connerticut, New York, Now Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Mary land, liiifriot of Columbia, Indiana, Illiooit, MitMuri and one-hulf of Wert Virginia com bined, and thil without counting Southern Ore gon or our oosst and Puget Hound drainage, which, though not drained by the Columbia, if rapidly converging towards it commercially, by the foroe of our railroad system. Whilo tun comimia iaiim Hat, atprotent. butona commercial center the cits of Portland thil Atlantic country referred to baa many. Maine alone baa her Portland, New Uamptliira her Manchester, Massachusetts her Boston, Khode laland ber Trovidonoo, Con necticut her New lfaven, New Jersey her Newark, the Empire State ber New York, PenniU vania her Philadel phia,' Delaware her Wilmington, Mary land her Baltimore, the District of Columbia Its Washington, Went Virginia ber Wbeoling, Ohio ber Cincinnati,' Indiana bur Indianapolis, Illi noil ber Chicago, and Missouri her Bt Louit having an aggregate city population of 3,678,- 000 ; and, in addition, there are In the tame ter ritory one more city of over half a million nearly three timet the entire population of Ore gon in llself-fiva more of over 100,000 each, nine more of over 60,000, and over lixty other citiee of leal site, but each one of them larger than the city of Portland ; and while we nave acaronly lour hundred thouiand eoplo all told, or a little more than one to the square mile, there they have a little over 'it and a half million!, or over 70 to the iquare mile. Our Willamette valley, even, ii larger than Vermont or New HamiMhire, nearly u large ai Maryland, larger thin Massachusetts or New Jersey, nearly throe timet ai large ai Connecticut, ii live tiuici the lite of Delaware, aud ten timet ai large at the "great" BUite of Khode Ulund. Ware thil valley populated in proiorilon to the vnllev of the Ohio, it would have Ave hundred and fifty thouiand people; or the valley of the Huwiiehanna, over oven hundred and twenty-five thouiand; or the Merrimao river, one million and toveuty-iix thouiand; or ai the Hudson or the Dvleware river,over two mlllioni, or mora than 24 timet it! present population; and were the valley lot tied ai thickly ai Maisacliusetts, for iustauoo, it would uipport twonty-fivo huudrcd tliouuiud people, when we comidor the whole of our State, we find it niual in lite to all of New Kug land, aud two thirds of the Kinpire Blata thrown in. Those have a popululioii of nearly 7 and a half millioni, with n fly mcuiben in the houso of representative! to one from Oregon. oca iTiTi m LaauKH Than the great State of Now York aud Pennsyl vania com" bin ed, and it much larger than either Ohio and Penniylvania or Indiana and Illinois, laid lido by lido. Oregon Ii half ai large in area ai Prance, about twice at largo ui Old Knglnud, over lit timet a large at Switzerland, about eight timet the site of Holland, and nearly nino timet ai Inrgn at llclgium. Were Oregon acttlod at thickly ai Ohio, our population would be over leven aud a half million; oral Pennsyl vania, we would have over eight ami ono-half millioni; or Now York, over ten millioni) or or Switzerland, over thirteen millioni; or Fratioe.about uightoen millioni; or llollaudbout twenty-seven millions; or our mother country, Kuglatid.probnlily over fifty millions, or ni many at are now in all of the UiiiUhI State! of America. These fuels art almost startling Such aro ooin parisont lor the rilute of Oregon only. What, then, would they be for the whole of tho basin of the Columbia or the great northwest? And, pus eibly, it might bo well to refrain from entering upon acomimratiye computation for leurof se vere tutiitroliti or diny hoadodneni, for in that rouiiariion all these llguret would have to ho quadrupled. Gather together nil there ii of Kng land. Scotland, ltolgiinii, Uolluud, Prance, 1 n- ntark and BwiUerland, where over 85 ,(H,000 of eople dwell.ond it dues not squill the water ihed of the Celumhia aud itt tribulurics. And nil those countries have their mouiituint and timber aud their barren aud waste lands and are grow ing, increasing and developing yet, and wiil for aga to come, notwithstaudiug heavy annual do Pietiou from iiniiiiiii'dtiou. Such being our con dition at to liie, the question naturally arises, "are we of the northwest capable of furnishing luslenanco and rROsnaoi's, iiAi'rr linMM For tho UmmiiIiiu millioni of a ftilnreT" 1 tin hesitatingly answer that wo are. Why not Our oil and cliumto aro ai rood at tlu'iis.'il not fur better, on an average, liie tlireo essential con ditiom exist here: Pint, a climate just warm enough to riivn crotw, and secure the com fort of man and beast; second, a toil of reasona bly natural fertility; aud third and lust, sulhVient moisture to render the soil productive. Our cli mate ii that of happy medium neither too hot nor too cold a priceless favor conferred by those atroug thermal currents iroui I lie equator, laving ouriiioreius fur north at Alaska-our northern latitude, insuring us cool summers and thesn currents supplying our winters with warmth and happy combination circling about our mow-cupped mounuiiui, walled to and fro by the regular brecies of the sou, giving ut in mid-summer our cool and relreslung, luvigomi ing and sleep-producing uightt. Kaatern oplo cau tcarwly realize those tiiett, for our center line of laltitmle is that of cold, desolate north era Maine. Never, during my residence in Ihe Willamette Valley ,of over a quarter of a century, do I remember of pawing through as evere a winter at I this year exjie rienced, alter the 10th of Junruay, in the city of Washington -n poiut six de gree. further south of our latiiuue. While our children were gathering the b.-lght and beautiful spring flower, and tho blossoms of ieach, pear, and cherry trees were turuing into green and growing fruit the rhildren of the cast were pcrcliodon sleds, inulllcd for the dreary, cutting, cold, coasting down the hills and incline of the ttreeU, over the icy frozen mow. Cast your eves over a climate map exhibiting the extreme northern line of wheal production, for instance, and you will find that whilo on the eastern shore it touehet near the mouth of tho St, Law rence, at latitude 60, with ut it runt over tix degrees farther north and beyond the mo t north erly point in llntudi America reached by the Cuiumuia river. I he truth is, we little realize our vast advantages. If, for instance, our c.tnm navigation it perchance prevented by ice from connecting with our railroads for a few iluys of an rxvasiouiil year, we reganl it a Uirrihle itroke to ouri)tiimerce; yet the great eastern ciliet with icartviy an vxeqition, are frequently froten in, tlieir boat! ond thipt icebound at (heir docks, and muuy of their traiut snow-bound ou the land. At to mil., If we haven't the requisite natural fertiity, no eastern State or natiou hat. Were cmariton made wilh any, we might select the rich agri cultural Sta t of Illinois, Yet thil northwest has from three to four timet the ftne o'U wheal land of that State, and a much better average yield; and take our toil throughout and it will be found superior to that of either Ohio, Pennsyl vania or New York, whilst uo oue could think of coiiiparisou with cold, barrcu and rocky New Etigland. And the truth It.thtra Ii littla land la init vast region that it not good f-r aomething either adacd to wheat, barley, oaU, bay, pak urw, fruit, yegeUbU, timber, mining or some thing tlst. Where to there a BtaU that can qua! that magnificent creioent-lbaped wheat belt crowding upon the foot billt from Tha Dalles, around the great bend of the Columbia to the Yakima and beyond? Tbii, with a fowotiier contigioui alleyi, it is ettiniatad by tha efficient tuperviaor of tha oaniui of Uiia State, tha Hon. H. F. Sukadorf, will produce a lurplut of wheat that will require over 600 ihlpt annually to carry it to a foreign market, lla alto Mtimitet that our area of good timber which only growt on tha beat of toil, capable, when denuded of lU timber, of produoing any thing that thil area exoeedt that of Michigan, Wiiooniin and MinueeoU, the great lumber-producing region of America; and he furthur calcu latei tliat tbt day ii uigh at hand when our lum ber Industry will reach the figuret of tha jpineriet of the upper Miniisippi and the laket. The ex istence of the third and last requisite aufllcien! moisture to render the aoil productive we in the Willamette Valley, at leait, will moat readily admit. It ii not neceasary to issure a webfoot audience ol our abundant blowing In thil par ticular. While these Tuaia raixcoDiTioi Exist in the great northwest, wa find It also ,lrtd lo the operation of those three lawt which iwiy human existence, to-wit: Love of ... . . ... i : 1,1. life, deal re lor ueaitn ana pamiou ior wmnu for here life can bo most prolonged, health best secured, and wealth most easily acquired. Through our climate we avoid the heat and at tending evils of icorching eastern tunt and the extreme! of their cold, chilly and desolat win ter! the mortality report thowingthil to be the healthiest section ol the United Slate. Our rich and diversified Induitrici afford fin opmr tunitie for wealth and "divertity ii cortulnty." Our climate and our productioni vary.' Mill it a great advantage. Southern Oregon ii differ ent from the Willametto Valley in many re ipeota, and tha Puget Sound country variet widely from eastern Oregon. In fact, no two tectiont, vallcyt, or local i tie are entirely similar and our varied production! are carried all over our country, and along the ilope and fertile valleyi of our tea coast and the line of our riven and nilruali passing from one climate to another.giving utnot only the easiest and cheap est facility of exchange, but that also the diversity of want and lupply mott favoniblo to commerce, and rendering each part dependent on tha othorj aud the great Columbia river and it tributaries Jit a grand oontlnuout and natural systom,rainiuet this'vost space of torritorr, and in connection with, and aided by, our ever expanding railroad lyiteinlraim aud oenlert thil great variety of productioni into oue common channol for the want! pi the world. yaUIT OtOWlHO, WBRAT aAlllNO Grain producing, tumber-muking, Iron-iiiielting-coal-miniug, itock-niiiing, ihip building, wuol growing, fishing, commerce, manufacturing, ag riculture these are mine oi me great, industries in which we wo can lead and the elemouta of our present and future proscrity. The resource are given utuy Dounmui imuur, nm i uu velop them the work of our people. Ilicb aoil. fine climnto, an inlelligent population, an inter nal capacity to develop a home market, and plendid fucilillet for foreign ouet in the future when I loll you lhat wo are favored In the high cat degree in all them reapectt, you all know that I am telling but mo mauiiesi iruin We of the iiorthweet are on tne groat line ami latitude of emigration. From New York and DosUm westward the lino extends, ard for yeart the leading growth of thil natiou hat been along thil extension, iucreoaiug in regular ratio towards the west, until itreachct the rato of nearly 300 tier cent, of the growth in a decade in Kansas, ovor 30 (ior cent, in Nebraika, over 400 per cont. in Colorado, and nearly a thousand er cent, in Dakota. None of these tectioni can (KM tibly eipml Ibis groat northwest in all of the ea scutial elementt for prosieroui and contenll hoiniM.vot thevlie alouir the liuo of .railroad ooniuiiinration and they thrivo. We are on the natural lino or emigration ami com merce, but thit railroad communication dooa not reach us; it delleel to the aouth ami our sislcr. California, hai renped tha Imrvest and only bv our iieoplo turning out of their direct lino aud running the gauntlet of tho enticing blandishment! of all the other Stntot and Terriloriet across the continent, and undaunted hv tho direful forebodings of tho ocean vovago and the reported awlul danger of crossing Ihe dead line the Columbia river unr havo wo been able to secure immigration, iso lated at we havo been. And yet notwithstand ing nil those dllliculliet nun uwauvauuiKve, now shortly to bo removed, wo havo mad a growth of about 100 wr cent, while tho average increase of tho United States, in their wonderful develop ment, hat been but 30 per cent, and, strange at may seem, wo have grown as rapidly in pro iiorlitlion ut our lister State, California. Tho truth it that all these Btntos and Territories along the lino Kansat, Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Dakota, and California have received largo immigration to which wo were entitled, and would havo soeureu wua ruiiivau comiiiunicatioii. HI T ALL TIII8 WILL BR CIUNDII) Iii tho nich future. ' Willi the near completion of Ihe North Pacific, with direct connection with the Union Paoilie, over K00 miles, pritieiiially of sen-voyage, will bo laved, and then kover two thirds ol the fifty millioni of peoplo of these llnitcd State will be a liunureu iiiuea nearer us than any portion of tho Pacific coast region, and Twin live to six numirvii nines nearer um rapm lv gniwing .lapan and China trade, liuinigra tion will follow these linei of railroad, neoordini lo an unvarying rule ol both tho old and tho new world. The stream of commerce of tho United Stalei, mid for that matter tho world, is between the 40th and 50th parallel of north la tiltite.t ho severity of the American Atlantic win tcrsdriving so far south iiithecast,and the mild ness of the climate on the Pacific, under tho in lluonce of the warm ocean ttreams, allowing it lo goto tho uorthward, at like cause along tho Europenu coast have done with the old world; and tins irreat stream of commerce, making al lowance for tho climuto and other inlluenoci of the interior of our country, will center ihnmgli our iriviit northwest on or aliout the 45th or 4lilh parallel. Tho steady tread of man ai ho trades or emigrate nas in an ages mn moujj liiim of latitude, and not on tlnwe of lon gitude. In America tho natural channels to carry man and his trade the rivers Ihe Ohio, tho Missouri, the Mississippi and their tributa riei run southward. Vast mountain range lie ulonir their tides, and it would teem that trade and emigation would llow in that diwlKiu. Hut man, in obedience to tome other and higher law, letiiiioff all these obstacle, bridges tho rivers, tunnels or toales the mountain, builds roads of steel or iron, ordics canals, and carries lumscll and bis trade east and west, and along these nian-inado channels Hows the mighty stream of commcrco. More than tour tunes the commerce crosses the great bridge nt St. 1ouii than passe . . .. .. . - . ' .... I .U up and (lowu tne Mississippi river, uuucriu-uni 1 1 river MUX t-AST AM Wlr, Like our Columbia, for instance, which burst though one of the great mountain harriers, ooin niervawiU follow thems but if they run north and unit Ii the great commercial line crosses them We of the northwest are along thit line on this bell of latitude or rather, this some what isothermal line around the world, along which the tides of commerce and progression, enlightenment and civilization have ever been rolling lu tho Uiilu.d i'U. -"a ' '" centers our most dense opulaliou, and here we 11 ml all of our really great cities. Along me belt are punted all the gieat newspapers of America and Ihe world, and growth and wealth and prvwpority ever attend it Traciug this boll lo Knro', wo Mud it embracing the most en lightened, creative, conquering and progressing nation such as Knglaud, Pranceandtiermanv. It ii the great highway of nation! from east to wist and along thit line "the star of empire" has taken its course. Thit channel emmigralion pursues iu America wilh but little deviation, and while kxvardt the southward it could find a more mild climate.rieber toil and more luxuriant growth of delicious fruit and vc.;et'ibles.emi gralion goet not there, neither d.a-s it come from mch countries in the old world. In tho lal decade, n'arlr thresi Million emigrants landed iu the lulled Slates and of this iiUiiilier only fifty thousand, or but oue six tieth pert, eauio to the southern ports and th overwhelming percentage of that arriy- iog at Boston or new iork drov irresiswoi ward toward th west and northwest The great growth of aitrn ciliet it among th mora north erly one, ana increases a you ooino Bolton, Chicago, Cleveland, Toledo and the more .ii,.n Mm luva imllwl Hnltiinore, Cin cinnati, St Louii and the more southerly. Indianapolit bat douDied in ton yean anu Bt, Paul, and Minneapolia ii four timei ai large as in 1H70. All thit it In punusnce ol immutable lawt of nature and the universe. The aggresive, ever alirring, conquering people are advancing along these Tinea. And now a word concerning our Iriendi to the Ot'TnWAID OB THII CUAIT. A litll mflnctlon on all those fact!, with many others unmentloned,and tbe reasons underl) ing, at well at tbe accident contributing to the ex cessive growth of San Francisoo near the 38 wl latitude, and it must n aamittea um the metropolitan condition is abnormal. For initanoe, take it navigation to Japan and China. From varioui cause it come as tar as mo parallel, opposite the mouth of the Columbia and then bears to tbe westward throughout tbe voy age. By the new route via Oranger ind Baker Vrilund will be msnv milei nearer Chi cago, 61. Louii and New York than San Fran cisco, and the transcontinental route to Japan and China will be at least WO auies ionnr v tbt Columbia river than by the old way of Sun Francisco. Fellow citizent, along this line of progress and growth there ii rolling onward to wards us a ceaseless tide of immigration, an irre sistible stream pouring over the plaint of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Dakota and rolling rap irllv towurdi the irolden tunset of tho west. It il eoming.coming, and when the flood-gate bar- riers aro opened Dy tne nana oi capiiui ami iaour and bandi of stoel have bound ui with tho east, who can tell what the grand future hat not in itore for the northwest? Those of us here should take time by the forelock, and the most practical hint 1 can throw out is to say that tho richest and moit valuable furmi of the nigh future will be on lands to-dav waste and neglected. Those who are doing well and have fair business prospocts ahead can well lot well enough alone time will bring its increase; but to those unfortunate iu these recctt I would suggest, look well lo what the future will turely bring, and ere it it too lale, nd while you aro on the ground, prepare your selves to reap some of its great harvest. You remember in the early part of this address a comparison was drawn between our northwest and tho northeast, or a like area of New England and western and northern Suitet containing nearly twentv-sevon millions or live, energetic people. It is interesting for you to know that, nntwitlisliindinir the dilhcultiesin tho way of our growth, vet wo have in the lost ten year in live times as rutiidlv In proportion. Let usoftho northwest grow with the yearly per centage of incroasool dry and hot Colorado, for Inaiunefl. and in twentv-five vears our popula tion will equal the population of that great area of eastern stales. wnue speaKing ui gruwm ur Immigration westward, I have been ttruck by the novelty and force of an idea advanced by an able and well informed writer, and an old pio neer f Oregon, lie says: "IKOI'B PILGRIM FATHERS Had landed at the mouth ol tho Columbia or tho Golden Clato, instead of Plymouth rock, can any man believe thut their posterity would ever have settled tho country oastof the Hocky mglintains, as long as they could get land enough here to keep them Iroin starvation? Tho terrible cold, tho excessive heat, the frightful hurricanes, the Inner winters, and tho thousnnd and one other "drawhacks'"ovcr there would have turned back inO lllie Ol IllllllianiHUU Hum bin wool, no iwu a9 there was ground enough here for a man to stand ou. Providence wisely ordorod that in settling America tho most uninviting part ol itshould be settled llrst, OUU sciucu oy a (icopiu wnoso aus tere manners, rutrecd constitution and rigid the ology bettor harmonized with the discouraging nj .. . ... ,, . ..I .i Icatures the flew worm presenieu, man mey would havo dono with more dclicato organiza tion! reared on this coast. The Pacilio coast was reserved for mi improved posterity." As it it we can ilato that nt tho latter portion of tho feast is goncrnlly the best, so, indeed, "Timo'i noblest empire it tho best " How ditl'crent would have been thoir situation had our pilgrim fathers landed hero instead of Plymouth rock. Hero an abundance would soon have blessed their labors, whilo there their lot was one of dan ger, starvation and exposure Many were the lives there lost amid the fearful rigors of Now England winters. Here tlieir cuttlo could ofton have grazed the year arouud without food from tho hand of man, whilo there, through In mi no and cold, they iierishod. The dangers, dillicultics and exposures of tho piomvr who set tled this northwest country were all in coming ocross tho continent; there, nil their trouble bo gun after their arrival. And, ugain, it took a huudred yours and more for them to surround themselves with many of tho blessings snd com forts of life which here woro realized by our northwest pioneers in tho brief space of a few yours. As our peoplo come, our country grows and our productions increased and Iho serious questions arises, "How con we CKIATK IIARKKTS AT HOKE, And how can our surplus ho cheaply transported to market abroad?" Wo aro a very great produc ing section. Wheat is one of our greatest staples and none of thoir little, dried up, shriveled graini of the cast eithor-nnd its production has increased near four-fold in the lust ten years. Our surplus only is scut abroad, hut sometimes it has been far greater than our tonnage supply. Our peoplo havo sull'cred from tho high rates ol tonnago charged a trouble wo niuy yd fre quently oxperieueo-niid to avert it as much us iKMsiblo, among other things, our policy should be to build up homo markets nnd to oncounigo tho presence of manufacturers in all ssible legitimate wavs. Wo are unusually endowed with facilities ly nnturc,as abundance of the rnw material for building or liuiiiulacturing cn be supplied, and tho power is evert where avail able, in the thousands of water-falls and streams and the coal nnd wood for fuel, unexcelled by any Sluto in the Union. So that, with the p esence of thoskilled laborers and artisans drawn from abroad consuming our Hour, ond our beef, and our vegetables with all the advantages of homo iiiarket?,qiiiek returns and high priccsjind avoid ing tho annual drain umii our country s produc ing capacity and money supply, saving all the costs of triiusirting our product abroad and our imported manufactured ai tides, hence we could then not onlv become independent in fact and naturally advantageous to ourselves, but we could even turn the scales aud.availiiigoursclvea of our suH-rior situation naturally could become the manufacturers lor others, drawing their raw material Iroin them and returning tbe maiiufai' tured article. The iinoitaiieo of this Klicy none can over-estimate, fake a strong illustra tion in the history of two American Siates.Mas aachusetts and South I'arolitia. For becoming manufacturing States each was naturally highly favored, so fir as power was concerned, but iu addition, while South Carolina was naturally a producer of the raw material wilh soil warm, fertile and productive, little Massachusetts wus was delicieut in these resiwt and cold, rocky aud sterile. Yet Ma-sachusells availed herself of all helis toward inaiiulacluring, both natural and artificial, while South Carolina did not. One of the first iron furnaces ever erected, I believe, in tbe South was built in South Carolina, but as Congressman telton, of Oeorgia, recently said, Till NtEOOMINATINC THEORIES And prejudices at that time strangled it. South I arolina could navo nivwieu ncr nieansiii umu tifacturing and worked up her cotton and other oroouiK, um liie would not. She had her semi- political theory of "sidling in foreign markets, aud buying in loreigu marhcis, uoasi ing that the world was dependeut ou her cotton fields for the raw product and that she could thut distat to tho commercial world. But ate the fatal result. Her grand cotton fields are IsiYoly iutpoverisod bv a continuous drain upon her producing capacity; her products are gone, and they navo ouili up aui enncuea me .Man chester of England and the Lowells and Kail Kive'-s of Massachusetts. South Carolina is a large cotton growing State, while MssNu'husetU produces noue; ami yet .Msssacnusetts nas nuy UUICS IllO looms auil vptuuira i cuuui vAit'im and lives employment to over sixt v-lhroa thous and of her people where South Carolina ghes employment lo iwo thousands of hers. To-day, that little puritan Massachusetts though only one-fourth the tizo of South Carolina, has twice itt potmlation and from tight to nine times itt wtullL To day little, cold "aud barren Mas.- ehuietUnot ai large si either Lake, Grant , i .. l.. u, MTMlthv Hnaton. with eager oouuir, u " J . , . 363X100 pellle D1 hr Can'D'Mge and Fall River, and Lowell, and Worcester, end hr Uw- renoe.eaoh averaging ov.vw y", -iu teen other large cities ranging in prpula ion un der that number, but all larger than thee ty of Portland it to-day; ana amiouxii -i...... ..,u.inti ilia iraiof Oreron. ah II UUIT swm iiuw-i"-"- , n hat over nine time at many people. Were Oregon a deutely populated as aiassacuusmi, wuu.u i . iu,.,ni.nna millions of DeoDle a num ber equal lo two-fiflhi of the entire population oltht uniiea otafes. ...... Another lubject of great intreest is that or rea- 1.1. .J .k.n tranannrtAtintl iacilitiel for carrying our people aud their product, and Cheapness OI oosv wuencurripu. n,.uv.v lowi two great eomtietitive channelt-the KAvuKAL wATia-couaaia, And the artificial railwiytand while private capital will build tbe latter, to the general gov eminent alone our country looks for tbe im provementof our water tramit our riven and our harbori. Tbe development of a new ooun try depends much upon the cheiipnesi of its transportation, and the truo policy the one ac- . 1 I ! I ....I I.!.. V, .ui.lful VailtYt tuatiug large-oraiueu suu wijj-uw men would regulate freight and faiet wilh re- i i i,.i .nd ritU n( tha sarvios rendered: Knm w won - - . but when greeily avarioo and little mindi control, the fatal oppoiitc, me principle oi now mutu .1.. .iu.. win Itfiir. hnw much tun limuu " .... the producer can ttaud, it in danger of prevuil- , J It It .1... .I.n,n nn tlia llill mluftf rAirfl. ing; anu u nuwi, uu n When such a policy commences to operate, the people become agitated and restlesi and restrain ing lcgiilution it demanded, aud soriout conflict! between the goverunieut and the powerful crea ture! of that government become imminent. ?ome indeed are beginning to urge that very of ten competition between railroadi ii more appar ent than real; that for instance, more lailroada to one point than the transportation actually de mand!, heighten!, rather than cheapens, the car rying charges; for, as they reason, railroads are permanent investments, and realizing that they cannot run each other off, they eonibino form "pools" and carry the products of the land at such figures, if possible, as will remunerate them for all the capital employed in all the competing roadt. Competition does not exist where combi nation can be had. But generally, so long at railroadi are governed by liberal and public spirited men no trouble need be apprehended; but calculations based on human life and proba bilities are very uncertain at best, and in timet of peace they tay we ihould ever prepare for war, and the part of true political wisdom it to pursue tuch courses as time, experience and rea son hove repeatedly luggcsted. The uniform tnaann ni flvruiriariAA tin ttAAn Hint watorwavi ivoovU VI Vjrutivuuv - are the natural compctitori of railways not ... . i. I- L.-i iL.l UnH thai tney oerry me iraae, uui, tiia mw; wui-ji tbe railways to keep their rates of charges within j... i..,wli Tulsa illiiatrntinnn from the east. uua uvuuuw Four wealthy, powerlul trunk linos ot stoel rail .. v. . .1 1 I V 11 run trom tne interior 10 tne se uuaru ui u a-v l.,nlin nnaanaainc. WlthnthcrS POWer Of form- ing a vast "pooling ooiuuiuuuuu w wuuui wn, rates ol TnS CARBYIKO TBADB a M.i t,AAn il. Am iinirnpin- vet. tiotwitlistandinir: nuu hiwim t J " , o- there it a periodical rise and fall m their rates. In the winter, wnen an me wtuerwuys a hu tch, however much we may regard railways as ..i.n nf il.o itimiinn who mav raise their ' V..M - J rates of pleasure, yet, as spring opcni, the tree i i .1 ti. lIa Antml vita avaii Aavm Anrl ......j, itXtvi ni tl.nv tviiiinpti fur the fturrvincr of ftsjvao UViWiv! ww... j- ,1 o grain wuica mey nuow wiu dw uto u niriiinitu ir rrn nv n nw nuLL'r'Uftii aw-uu w u ivri Hiiuv? w.- e . i.h. tiiU rui.m It i tint nur bo rtructical a in lenoar whether a wa terway docs curry the products when parallel with railways, us to know that it can carry them. Thil very lact keeps rates within reasonable bOUUdS, ttllll Willi lur gn-uier pnxunj than all others powers combined.. Tho lakes and the Krie canal effect not only the parallel lines, but alsoall lines to the seaboard to Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and elsewhere, as well as the route to New York ; tor although these several points havo no direct water comin .,,.;..,i; .viil. tbn west. vet. as tbev are coiii)ctiiig points,a fall in freights to otio effects nil. Then, again, coinpciiiiou nun mo luissm ni ivnr mom esiH'i'inllv since tho imDrove incntofits mouth, ullccts -nearly the whole of the south nnd northern interior. Aim so witn tho improvement of the waterways of our great n.ii,u-ui id,, roloinliiii river. Hie Snake, the Clearwater, the Willainctte, the Umua and tbeirsevenu iriuiiiancs, mijciuci mm um um I...M n.l ..III Htlt,ll' IIVI'IN. Theitmnd aween of the resulaliuir and com- jictitive iulliieiHvs which the owning up of all these rivcia unu naruors woum orouuuu nuu u.,.n..,li, lu ,,i..., v i l,i,l . nnd it would be felt the year round, as our rivers arc seldom closed by ice, J . . ... . . i i. i r... . i... and never lor a suuicieni icnmu m umu ioi niu eflccts to bo Bcriousiy felt, 'i his Columbia river sweeps along its course of over twelve hundred miles with n mighty and irresistible stream, cut ting its way through Ibo Cascade Vountains-a continuation of Iho Sierra Nevada! which i'..;ii.,..t.m l,,ia lo i null over nnil the rcncral govcrument is not engaged insui rounding with a canal anil 1k'KS ilia ouiy ocs-.rucuou uvhyct:ii Tim -iho ciiiivciLMiiir noint ol 1'Uistcrn Oregon aud Wu."liiiiton and tbo sea. Let the government complete mis great improvement rapidly and permanently, und iu a practical I..,, itn.ti. r,n. n 11 a,niiis nnd sLul-cs of tho water. and lot it, Willi lisioug purse anil siroug arm, iiu- it. n iui ion i ner inn i.oiuiiiuia ul in lnlles, aud thus oih'H moru anu griinncr nrcu 10 coiuKailivo influence. Ibcre is deep sign li canco in that part of tho able and recent report of ticorgo W. Pullman und Win. Kndicott to tho coinimny they represented, that whilst the fre quent iransiois up ami uown uie rivor iiivuiviu i.nnl, fivtrn pviuoisii. tl-.nv also had nrovcd Sti far a COIIipiClO proiOCllou llgailisi cuilipeuuoii. nutu il... ...i,.l.lu ..limilii,. id iiiinrovml. then it will 111!? llllll.J v., .ii.u.w . ... I... nH,.l l.n.,i.l iu,i rl.wm mill ftlUl llieblVllV ova knot, wii.hi, "r "i ...... . ,i . . i . . .1 lor the use oi oi an, aim lis iiiuuciicecaiiiiut m-ip l..,i lu ..iHi.i.llv lumpii..iiil A freii river and a docn and safe channel to the sea and over the bar 1 . . . .- . .i . . .. .,i in should be the policy ot mis Rrcai uorinwrau ah our rivers and harbors should bo improved. The tpa,.ii.il luinrinif nf this idea renders it of sil ......., i.ii..i.iitiii ilor nniint m stem ot water- ii-.vi .irtimiiAverv imri on oi n ireouuirv. nrr i'8 its volume towards the wes-t, as an extentiou of i mi iri-.uit ilt ami atiluilo ol commerce, (level opmeut and immigration; and the improvement ... .1... ...1.... .1 ltd ivr..ra Willi I1L Lllll 111111. TlllCIV IV M.lllbllo I. a ...... tlnwi ol iIia world isfniucht with the must prom ising consequences greater than any other in 1110 Lnucu ouuesmve iukvui vuv .,iaoiK?i,-ji IM ONK RKSI'ECT Our coast It not as highly favored as tho Atlaut;c otir lirlKrs both barred or otncrwise, are noi so plentiful. Our Coast Range ol mountains, in ,l,.i iiminniiv In the sea. turn shes onlv small and short streams over our barred harbort, and their scouring ciiiacity over these inevitable bars has been heightened ny govcrumeiuai iiiiprovc menu, and we ihould utilize our limited lium- u,i I., naur.i,iii. Till. blxL COM l-ll'SS aillirO- priatcd about SiU.OoO for two or three harbor ..i,i,i,.w ,. I. nit. th :t:"ill miles of lli-crou. and 17j miles of Washington Territory sea-coast, 32 narbor entrances along tue same uisuinco down the Atlantic coiist from .Maiue,opcni'd Un cle Samuel's purse strings to the tune of over f,IIO,lMIU This section of the Willamette valley and iIiaaa ..I it insulin within the sound of mv voice. . ... are more esiveially lute est;d iu the improve- . ... e -. l ... V .. meill Ol l aquma o: . ii'ur uawu; i"i mo continuation ol present appropriations is self vi.l.ki, 'I'liA iiiinnvemiiiit in ingtlv ilemauded and will be continued, for our true policy should oo u ueveioi an stiruuus, buu uv. uuuu- .to-, should actuate our endeavors. Sectional jealousy ihould not exist among our people, for there is room for all. Within the same distance that Olympia is from Coos bav, or from Ysquina to fx'i'.tlc, are found the four great commercial cen lersof America, Boston, Xew York, Philadelpia and Baltimore into alint anv one of which you could piuir the entire popuhitioii of Oren ami V ashington, with but lit le mote noticeable ciU-ct than to rauv some ot their denucni to re mark that a "right misrt ' lot of passengers came in on the train. Sew Yoik is aboul as far north of Philadelphia as Portland is north of Al bany, and Baltimore is about forty miles farther on the other tide than Ysquina is itsUnt from Albany. With pouhtiou. cities will spring up iu many places Competition will inspire vigor - .1 T -t . .1.1 .. .!. I ami sireniu. i-ise grcai auuen--, iuc mj wrestle, lor trade and commcroe, and the greater win ve iuv rvn ui. i usual roucr ghould b Boitutd toward all of tha tew barboia i posses, ana in fovsrDmani inpnjTvinvuw, bt th louadiUoui ol latliDf and powerlul sirao turet mould be itroofly and deeply laid, aud per manent Tbe foywnoMnt bat not ban liberal In tbspsst It out? tpproprlalet about Irn mlllloui a tr even to luiluu tbt diminutive tattara a.h wm air their uiouu climbln or the ripplet -while old rrsnce, for InttaDoe, bat tipeuded nearly that luot upon a iluile river bttwwu ber capital and Ihe wi. Th fsnaial fovernment nt often lven llbertily f tit means and of Iu public domain to build np gigantic railroads, owuwl sod snjoyed by prlrtj luulvlduals. aud uw li should Inauiy oonna eipcuu w huiut wster-ways aud supply eompetrillTe lubusnoe fot the benent of tbe public. Uoniresx, ouder tbe con lUtullon, ba lbs puwer to rtgulat eommerot iraong ibe tevertl btates, and It can do It to an effectual extont by a liberal Improvement of our vitliystem of wtui-wayi, and to a large extent may obviate any DtceMlty for Htate or national su tuorlty, exercUiDf Ibrlr undoubted lupremtcy over tbilr corpome mouopolle. Iu tbt exercise of crested functions lumaiteii of publlo oonorrn. uur bop 1 thil our ocetn tratno msy Improvs, under wise nations! aids towards sbip butldlnc, the Improvement of refuge harbor In tbe Interest oloonmerce, and alio lb rout b prohibit cuangct In tbe manner of ocean iranspnrtauon. eieam it nnirilv drlvluir the tall from off the wa. and wltu itetmers carrying our surplus products, under the adrsaisge couteuaea ior oj tome oi ma luorier end quicker rouh either by way of w llmlUKiou In Bouibcru California, thence by rail toUalveston and on to Liverpool or Ijjeeiiituwn by steamer, or by way of the Psnsma route or contemplated Utb Bui canal, or by any other method It It tlnceiely hoped lhat A asionTxa riTi ss Awslti our ihlpplnr prodnoen. But my hour bat riuned and while tht lurfaoe cropping, ouly of tha subject bave beeo luvetllKited, aud utuy matters relating to tpeciai secuous oi ma icrrn ih'iiu-wi remains untouched, yet I must dote Progress and development teem to be ihe order of our coun try and our age. Withlo tbe lifetime ol Ibe gray bslied aboul tot miny of our mot undid luveo tlont have beeo perleuu d -telepbonet and ore en gines, tat aud eluctrio lights, tewlna mtcblnes and iMmHhtna. nhntinrrAuba and telearaDbl. aud Ibe whole ol our great raiiwiy system. uir u been the growth ol Ibe new woilil. but Us grandest ftrogrrst bis been In ibrse United Statu ot Amer ce. Tbe thought at first seems almost Incredible that not six of the geuersttoni of tbe soni of mtn, counting them by the Bible ige o f throe score and ten, bave pained away since Columbus parted tbe yell that hung before this oomlnent and unlocked nnr loidpn Mies that tbe burner ol civilisation and progress might be borne herein. Hir the pro gress ot tbe future be at grand aa that of Ihe past. and may contentment, bapplueae ana prosperity ever be me lot oi tne gooa peopie oi wis iuu. Baces Which Come to Amirku. Our New York correspondent, in con tinuation of Lis previous telegrams, fur nishes us with later information aato the immigration into that city. It goes on increasing in volume aa it proceeds. The movement is a European one, and it is not, therefore, possible to explain it by any merely local, or even national cir cumstances of the moment. It is notice able that the Croat bulk of the immigra tion is supplied by Germany and by the countries akin to Germany in race and faith. The nations of .Latin or (JeHio race and of the llonian Catholic religion seem to have lost the impulse of colo nization which they displayed in former centuries. Spanish America, JJrazu, Lower Canada and. many portions of whut are now the United states show tuat Spain, Portugal and France once had tin imnulse. now annarently spent, of for eign settlement. It may revive. To this there is an execution in tho case of one Celtic and lloman Catholio country. The number of immigrants coming to New York from Ireland is next in its total amount of that proceeding from Ger many, and, taking the proportion ol tno population from which it is drawn, is greatly in excess of it. Its quality is aa remaikable as its Quantity. Uur corro spondent describes it as consisting of skilled artisans and of families bringing a considerable amount of capital with them. Thev move Westward to settlo on freeholds in Nebraska and Colorado They describe themselves, if we rightly understand our correspondent, as driven out of Ireland, not by the tyranny of the British Government, but ly the pro ceedings of tho Land League. Ihe char acter of the men is shown by their plans, as well na by the f net that they come supplied with money, tho curnings, no doubt, of industry and thrift. Allowed as little fair play in Ireland by Mr. Par noil and his associates as by bard land lords and ft vicious land law, instead of loatincr and lotiucint; in the great towns, they move Westward to reclaim and cul tivate holdings of their own. Tho United States is to bo congratulated on the men whom they aro gaining, aud Ireland and the United Kingdom may deplore the loss of an element in Irish society which can ill be spared. Louuon Daily Aews How to Prevent Cyclones. This is the oyclone season . in Kansas and Nebraska. If the vast nukad plains in those States und westw aid of thein should be well clothed in trees, the destructive movements of the terrible storms that are characteristic of those regions would be lessenod. The Northwest, ovor which a terrible winter hasiust passed, would hnd an improvement in climuto if forests were cultivated. People are grudually becoming intelligent on this subject, but thev do not triasn its muiruitudo. The State eoveininents, tho railroad corpor ations and the National Goverment should co-operate in ninking forest cul tare throushont the West and North west a matter of urgency. Tha deserts of North Amen aivl Arabia are tue result of the destruction of trees, and we must stop in this country the development of these cancerous areas of desolation. Too Mean for Criminal Society. man in Michigan killed his wife because she would not lend a vicious life in order to support him with tho proceeds. lien to awuil his trial lie was put in the Montculm couutv iu.il. the indignant prisoners organized a court, with judge liiwvora. witnesses and jury, all from their own number, aud proceeded to trive the miscreauta regular trial, liie verdict was guilty, the sentence was im mediate death. Tho prisoners there upon braided a rope from strips of "blankets, and seizing Upright, were about to hunt; him in reality, when the keepers found what was going on and rescued the wretch aimo4 itt the last minute. . The prisoners persist that the murderer is too vile a fellow to associate with ordinary crimiuah, ami shall not do it w,:h imimnitv Oath fays: "A public man at Long Branch tol.l me recently that when Zach. Chandler heartl of the nomination of Lincoln, iu 1W10, he begun to enrse in a terrible manner, and saiil that Lin cola was a miserable clown, and that Seward was the only man in the country fit to be elected, and whocouM have car ried it. Somebody spoke up at the tele graph office, where the talk was gmng on, and said: 'You underrate Mr. Lin coln; he is a man of intellect; a tine law yer; an excellent debater, aud a man of decision of character and firmness of purpose.' In about fifteen minutes of such talk as this, Zach was induced to send a message to Lincoln, congratu lating him." A earn a SmMi k m r. D. T. FELIX ttOVBA.cn Oriental Cmra, or Magfcal Bwuttt, ri.ant ai tt h to V auoii a prop I' .trf fill . '.c iiniuijriik. It. 1. t frr kl it, ton (a ihiUmT - AavtMi ik. love. Ill one thfm, I Teeommeo nonrtuil'i rrmun' u n M barailiil ol all IbeHkln prrpcrutlnni." Alw ft. re HubiUn rvoiovta superuuout uair without U.iur. ,. Ilivakln. me. M. B. T. ouuasiu, soierTop., hoai a K. Y. For Ml oy an amatuns ana rsnrr uooni Tmn inrouEliout iDft niua nisira, uuiaau ikI ;urnu Alao lonnd to Nrw Yoik Lltr. at K. 11. llui a ?' Mtern Hraa. Klirtrh A Co., I. llloorn A Hro. siulhZ Fancy (loodl Lealeri. -hwre of baa ImlmiZI wblcb are abroad. We otfrr llie Hm.nl tut tUa taataad prooloiany onsaeUlnt tbttama. Thleitrat llnuu, , enln, Hrwi2 ere IOMC a uttZ- miiimlc rrault n( m yciiri ot pmrilral D. nrv. ami CI'KKN witu vrJ "lAIS. I Nrrvmiii or 1'hvsWi lH-l.lllty, N-mlu 12. IILUUVENMIUII KZJZL" 1 1 viirK-Ufim ami minn- IHzpiitloii. hVurodurtlve Oitana. and 1'lir.wi lit I1HNM1. HV(i-iiHliini. Iiiv i-rrvrw, Jimill. Mliw Mental FucultUn. It stoM any unnatural iletiUiiatu. (lnilii upon thr nyHtni, previ-ntlna luvolunutry Uhm di-bUltallna (In-Hinii, K nilnul Iokwh with th unu etc., so aininiciive to nnnn ami oony. ii i Ilinlnmnr of all KIU.NKY AND KLAMlKK n 1M.A1MX T tkoM, antTrrtna mm Iks ttrt ofyaHlhfal Indlaervtlona or I'si-rMra, u itiwtfi ItiornHffii ana w-rmtiiiwii riaK it a A.VTKKll. i'rk-p.sa OWix'rbijtili'.nrllvi.biittln. uttiia now w It Ii lull dlwlwiui and ailvlve, CIO. riini. cure fmnl obsprA'atloo to any aililrem Uk,u recelpi price, or ('. O. I). To be hurl only ol Han FrnnrlM'o, lal. L'unMiltHtloiinntrlcllyi'uiiHiUMiUil by letter or at oflli-e, FHKK. Fur the convenient j DMtlentK. and 111 order to lecure perftvl nty-n-rv. 1 hnv. ailopti-d a prfvale address, uuder wbk-h all packain in1 niinniunj. DR. SPINNEY, Wa. 11 Kemj strMt,!. F., Trcta all Ckroala 1 t. m youngIien TTTHOMAYBB HITFFKRINO FHOM THE EF '. k,"1 yo'ithlul folllen or lndl-retloii, will do well to avail tliemaelves ol llilj. tlm arenii bmi ever laid the Blur of aurTerina bumaiilty liR Hl'INNKV will (ruarante. to lorf-ll aw ll,VBm utieof nemlnul Vleakiiem or privaie dlseaaeinf in, kind or character which be undertaken and lull. .. enre. MIDDLE-AO ICO MF.J. There are man jr at Oi aire of ihirtv t.iaiii.t are. Irouliled with too fnijiient evwuuilom ol the blaititer, often accomiianleil by a nllirlii wimrtlin or bn mint leniiation and a weakenlin; ol the ayuvm In a manner the pttUent cannot account lor. On eiam. InliiK the urbwry deiKialu a mpy imllnient wlllufirn be lound, and sometlineii amnll purtlrlea ol alhimiea will appear, or the color will be ot a thin rullkliili hue, again chmurint; to a dark aud torpid npui.nrnc. 'I here are many men who die ol this dlfHi ulty. kno runt of the cause, which la the aecmid iuui uf S ml nal Weakness. lr. tt will Kuanuilee a perfivt cure In all such canes, aud a healthy reitoralloD oi the jvnllo Urinary orKana. uuice uoura leiotanas tos. nnnnaya from in tn 11 A. M. Oonaultatlon free. Thoroiuih examlnatiun and advice, t Usui or audreas Da iri.ia Ki (V., Na II Kearny atreet. Man Franclaco. ('!. It Is ma;le trom a Mmple Tn;,;.".! I-eai ol IK.. eam-sthat cause ,ial,, ,lu '"'l i'i I Iver anil frlimry Oivniii. For Feiniile I''"""'' .u....tl. n.l .lll.4l.tf lll .itf IIIIIII'V. II lU .lllllllliy .iieiiMiwi.iM.n, uii.i ,- . , , w, no e-tuul. It r..tor.-it Ihe orioiiw thiit uak k ll blood and hence Is the bent Blood PurlBcr. ll Is the i If known remedy thnl cures llni.-lii'H IHhhk'. or ina Kur Sale by UriiKKlHtsand all ini'lersiit l Pn bottle. Largest little In the markeu Irv ll. v II II. W A K S, K.K .. ''"-l.le. 1 im-in nn tinv pnicF.! 00: "ATMOSl'HKllU' Knrp Price, wio. Yin Sitoi. IHe,etc. i U. NKIllSlOKK A Co., llniwWs J street, Portland, Or. Sole Agents for tbe.V ' Const mar- - 'i.v ..... .,ii insuR s- DRS. STARK EY rAI.KX S NEW TREAT; ment hv Inlialatloii for I'oii.nuii.tlon, llronrhlll.,1 i.lurrh. II.VM-II. .,ltrVK hll.tv. !eur.ilBl. KlirniuHtl., ai a J'" nnd Verou. ItlMirder. Fackiwes lillO h'r"""S nienilv senl nvexnresx, reartv for Immediate iie elors, PUS. STA R K EY I'ALKN. "'V, ".'iiH l-ws, rani mi reel. Philadelphia, Pa., or 11. E. MA I TH E win Montgomery sine,. Kan Vninc HMi. ' S whom can he ohtninel hoMi Inf.imi o'"- '"l -""f - Nrstent,Sov. 11.16TD, i .icni, hot, r, iooo. EXE'S ELECTnO-MAGNETlCCEI-T. noBX ITf Only Hri' l "Tf'.'.S MrSir-l' '" m-nU Belli. Se M.lr, SI lr aien- - - x T.!JTi,iuaiiiwt..i-e'Tr,r NeiAu. KUVer DneMJ. Imrniryjter' m Sm-t f.-ri luitnt, -.1 c.t.liW.ln; ryVEP. u-a ,'iari.ti American Mutnal Marriage Association. . . rrOlE! ?! IVIIY NOT MARRY, WHES AT W . . ..... ...... -un home for a t" er? Memliep.tiii fee.only per tliiMil. : ' see from 10 years upward. All h "''X ,rt tier marrtaite. or aJKal'le "'" '"" ' Tir or uuniarnwl fiVnd, al u e. peine of one uou. Colorado LlTe Stink Insurance Company. WHY TAKE THE CHANCES OF ' ;4Vr1! V vour hi.rs.-s. mules or honied cntt.e d e r killed, when at a mallMpensr you can " u aaai.t death from any cause? Insurance r "lie ,l.s-k while In stable. rrrt.bara. ado. while on ihe nmd, either afoot or on h"t r e A. K Lit' ' , General aent for N.th t..e b i e ( ''n'P.n ' W L'iuod B;ocm;, stark atreet, Purl-.'-' ii was " BOH TTs fell Llpedh utterw Jenlyof Ibcgai (act, frfcl killed bu Rogers? jiowjhle. Uure a I tBiworc J pasi,-- Due. " Biddy c bat b m condooe Joor in not keep foot of oi pleasure inouie. Roger1 LvlT w iiaoyho leetio m have . Ljwn ex were ier bargain' was tha uken in Ll tho fa Eaarkedi iinv, oi Row Mr" .no soye aonv is I thinl alts ma ivkis i lwysa iir. ii" ide oj riats, a nd bo le gene .ale. 1 lima i" iloore, iiid so llltDg 1 ;hat pid tiled n I had a arm 1 ..bit of ,;terno :her hi rving ik in id fa lara V .is not tentio nenJi vil; ai .agers e wo iLart ai 0k. D01UD io yon eir U 'Sev ever l rowed a wai two. byt ;r fan lentio "Oh, said, mean 'Iregi ane n'tp n't al arryi "ha Hes "Ah igcrs it fee crut bree pa w "Oh in;' e alw 'It'i Ai p.Iiss "De yon "Th i'ou hie !mi by u'll Ices i r "01 emo laid 3ev 'It "01 litii Ins pin k in Am i i i