EUGENE CITY GUARD
LITEST NEWS SUMMARY.
BT TFI.EC MA m TO DATE.
Two bodies were snatched at Proscott,
A. T., on the flight of I'ec 1st.
During November the mints coined $1,
gold anl :Vk.0O0ilver.
A cm corner is being run at L Louis,
, , and ia expected to run the price to oocts.
-' Fifteen of the 05 collieries of the Phila
delphia A Wedding Co.. huve ouhpeuded
for leccmber. Three thousand wen are
out of work.
A Creek delegation la here en route to
Washington to work or Creek Iudian
Interest and noposo tbo settlement of
whites In OkUhania.
A Ilerald'a special says that President
Hayes has staled especially that he la Dot
a candidate for office hut will retire per
manently to private life at Fremont.
The president has approved the sen
tence of the court martial dismissing
Captain Andrew Geddir, of the 25lh Infan-
trv, and mitigated the aentence of 1st
Lieut. Wallace Tear, 25th infantry, to
forfeiture of rank and balf-pay.
TheBeckwith hotel at Oshkesh Wis.,
burned last Haturdar; lo,$oD,000, insur
ance, $28,000. M ra. S. 15. Page, a boarde r,
was suifocated by smoke. Mollie Holly
ran, a waiter, ia mis-sing and it is believed
perished. Kerosene caused the Cre.
A duel which was to hare been fought
between Lawrence Trimble and Julin
Benton of Covington, Ky., was thwarted
by the non-appearance of Kenton. Trim
ble, accompanied by W.N. Wade, also of
Covington, was at Niagara Fulls but the
Lemon party did not arrive.
Land League people at Boston have
sent a telegram to FarnelUnkiur if Amer
ican counsel should be ent to Ireland to
defend land leajuera. If 1'arnell send a
favorable response a delegation of ab'e
' lawyers will be dispatched to Ireland at
once. Among thoe suggested are Jere
Black, ttoger A. l'ryor, Emery A. fctorr
and Matt CiJpenter.
The one and a half millions of Ameri
can oysters, writes a Herman correspon
dent, which were planted in "The Little
Kelt" last spring were inspected a short
time ago and found in One growing con
dition. Within four months they gained
an inch in circumference, and a German
professor of zoology gives us-turace that
for oysters Germany cannot be excelled.
Captain Frederick G. Cameron, who
commanded the ship Macedonia w hich
tailed from New York with provisions
and supplies f ir famine stiicken sufferers
of Ireland in lb IS died ou the I'd. inst.
Captain Cameron also commanded the
ship Kobert Hound, the flrt vessel that
sailed for Han Fiancuco carrying lirt
cla-s pa-sefcgi-rs.
The life n'.n wrvice Las 1TD stations,
13J on the Atlantic, 34 on the lakes and 6
on the 1'i.cicr. The record of the service
surpass any previous year. I'he casual
tics were griater than ever before, t!ie
highest prrvi.ns number b?ing 21'J and
this year ;W. O." the ho'J persons on
board of there vessels only nine were lost.
Great relief lias ben afforded r-hipw recked
ptfeous and ver.e.'s, and warnings wt-re
given which saved" many vessels. It li
estimated that the value of vessel invol
ved was $2.tl;,(:j and cargoes, fl.IM.OOQ.
Of the total account fi'.W.i ,C i re saved.
Inadequate compensation Ij fast driving
men fron the busint-u Ifcid threatens to
destroy the efficiency of the service. The
ftjperintenJent asks that the matter of
pay be left to the discretion of the cen
tral superintendent. The present rate is
5-10 per month.
A Washington speci'id sayl: Garfield
has determined not to give the secretary
ship of the treasury to miy New York
state man. tie explained that the col
lector of the port holds nti oflice paying
H2) per annum, and through wbo.ic
band- three-fonrths of the customs rev
enue ia supposed to pass. Tlie magnitude
of this position and its necessary relation
to New York politics is such that if tln
secretary was also from New York it
would give hira a personal intlucnce that
would be greater in his opinion than the
best interests of the civil service would
warrant. It is reported that i-'churz dur
ing Garfield s V ashington visit told the
president elect thai the retention of Sher
man in the cabinet Is very important to
btiMJieM interesU as wellustotlie future
of the republhan party, and that other
members of the cabinet would not feel
Chagrined at the discrimination.
It is announced that the second tren'v
urawD up vj me i . o. commissioners ai.a
the Peking government proposes that the
Americans shall not import opium or
carry the product coastwise or sell it. 1
is Bt known positively, a full retwrt of
the treaty not having been sent by cable
whether this is true or not, but this is not
discredited: but it is thoueht Quito likelv
because the Chinese government has been
long opposed to the importation of opium
lcioimna. A me. lea u vessels were for
merly eugiged tn the business of opium
smuggliDg, but very little is done by
.Americans in tnai business nowadays,
The prohibition! clause will not o fleet
Americans and was probably inserted in
the treaty by ine Chiueso as compelling
the British to a similar agreement, uh n
large proportion of the revenue of British
India comes from onium and China in tlm
greatest customer for Indian opium. If
i. i : u . . i .i tt -.
mo v.uiiici-0 iinvn grnuiuti 10 I HO f IllU'tl
btatea any special privileges in the new
treaty, the British will ask to have similar
privileges granted them.
"I . . IV t 1 .1 i -
uu last r nunv mo uraim jurv of aew
lork county indicted Josh Hurt, Louia
l'oat, KeniiHrd I'hllp and Chas. A Bvrne
ortlio Irutu for criminal libel on dm field;
Hart, Byrne and Post, charged, t ho tlrst
named for writing and the otherj for
publishing on the t't'd of October last nn
editorial bended "Lying and Sticking to
it" in the Truth newspaper, and also pub-
UBiiing me auegea nam aid Chinese letter
ana a fac-iuule or it, and by these means
uniawiuny, wickedly ana maliciously de
visiub asuiuen as m lliem lav to mm
and villify James A. Guiwield and to bring
biui Into public scandal and diRtrraco.an
to deprive him of his good fame, credit
ana reputation, ana to tne great scandal
and injury of Jaiaes A. Garfield and
against the peace of the people of the
Mate or Jsew lork and their dignity.
i neee panics are cuargeu wun criminal
libel, the penalty of which is one year in
the penitentiary and J-'x) fine, ltuil was
ftveu by rmlp. After examination by
udge Davis was continued, Post and Hart
came to the district attorney's ottice in
the afternoon to give bail, but Judge Cow
ing had gone home and they were permit
ted to go on their own responsibility till
to-morrow morning, when they will fur
nixh the necessary bonds. It is prol
now that Morey has been indicted for
perjury, he will be removed fron the
louse of detention to the Toombs.
Tennessee sure for a Democratic Sena
tor. The tobacco factory of James Leigh
Jones burned on lbelih;loai f 20, 000; par
tially Insured.
The pa i era of the confederate generals
Bragg and Folk are ollereJ for sale to the
government for $10,000.
Senator Lamar's health ia much Im
proved. He is on hie way to Washington
to take his scut in the senate.
Jim Keeno ia negotiating for the pur
chase of tlm famous stock farm of Gen.
Meemo, in Shenandoah valley, at a cost
of upward of S200.0IK).
The Financisl Chronicle of New York
shows the increased earnings for Novem
ber, from 40 lines of road over lost year,
21 per cont, or H,747.K0.
Tho prevailing sentiment among mem
bers of congress is to make the holiday
recess tins year unusua:iy soon, iih
talk is to adjourn over from Friday, the
24th of December, to Mondav, January
3d.
Mrs. G!asrnan, German woman of
Maniuette, Green Lake County, Wis., in a
LABOR IX CM 1 1 A.
REI'OBT OF O. X. DESNT, V, I.
COKSl'L AT BRANUUAI.
Ill discussing the taxed question of
Chinese cheap lalwr, as it intrudes its
blighting presence into the industries of
the 1'aoillo Coast, the fact tliat theso
laborers can live without the slightest
borne comlorta and work niion food njwn
which a white man would find it impos
sible to subsist, has become apparent.
Hon. O. H. Denny, formerly of this city
but for several years iiost I). 8. Consul
General at Shanghai, furnishes a report
to the Department of State, npon "Labor
in China, which gives the status indus
trially and to some extent socially of
this class of labor in its native land
which shows that the wages
at which Chinese labor horo, meager as
they are, and rniaous to white labor as
they are, are yet munificent compared
with the rates for whioh Cbiuoae work at
home. A perusal of this report, w hich
we subjoin, will convinoe any who have
fit of temporary insanity, killed her babe before doubted, that American labor, by
by cutting Its head nearly otT and then
cutting her own throat dyed almost in
stantly.
A fire at Custer City Dakota on the 0th
destroyed the principal hotel, store and
postollicc; loss f4000. The surrounding
buildings were greatly damaged. Six in
cendiary fires have been discovered and
extinguished in this city, duriug the past
fortnight.
Tho secretary of tlie interior ou Due.
1st issued ordeis providing for an increase
of one hundred pupils in the number of
Indian youth now educated at tho Forest
Grove, Oregon, industrial school and for
forty or fifty udditioual at the Hampton,
a., scaooi.
Lieut. Gov. Weston has given instruc
tions to Manager Gardiner, of the Troy &
ureenuciii liauioau, 10 iry tue experi
ment of illumination of the Hoosac tun
nel by electricity, rith a view of having
such illumination permanent should it
prove successful.
Ou the IKh inst. Senator Pendleton ct
Ohio introduced in the senate a joint res
titution for the purpose of obtaining the
privilege of opening a road and highway
from the Canada line of the L'uited states
and Lritisli America, through Hritish
Columbia to Fort Wrangul and Sitka.
The governor and secretary of state in
Tennessee failing toagreu on tlie election
from .Bradley county, the former claiming
the democrat elected and tlie latter claim
ing that the republican Is, tho casu 'ill
be decided by the legislature itself. The
democrats still have three majority on
joint bnllott.
An International Cotton Exposition
Association has been organized at Atlanta,
Ga., with Senator Jos. li. Drown, of Geor
gia, president, and twenty-five vice presi
dent from the principal cities and man
ufacturing towns of the country. Tho
plan contemplates a grand international
exposition oi cotton appliances and ma
chinery. In the committe on ways and means on
the Vth, a long discussion took place upon
the proposition to move the internal rev
enue tax from bank checks, friction
matches and patent medicines. The mat
ter was finally referred to a sub-committee
on internal revenue, with instructions
to consider and report upon tho game at
a luture meeting.
The annual rejoi t of the commissioner
of internal reveniiu gives the following
figures us amounts oi aggregate collections
for the year in the districts named: Cali
fornia, Collector Highly district, $2,437,
GjI; Collector Frost, Jf31.'),!s4; Nevada
district, $00,4-35: Oreiron, $7(J,!si; Wash
ington Territory, $27,081; Arizona, $28,'JS-1;
Colorado, $10S,2o'A
It is authoritatively stated that the new
Chinese treaty will be seutto the senate
early in the session, so as to dispose of it
as quickly as possible, California repre
sentatives, who have inquired diligently,
suy that it will, in a great measure, satisfy
the coast, though not entirely. It is be
lieved that no attempt will iie made to
pasa Chinese restriitive bill uutil aAcr
the treaty is dispose! of.
The annual report of the director of tho
mint states that diminished production
of gold and silver of tho l'acilk coast has
visibly ellected both the amount of depos
its and coinage at the San Francisco mint
and gives tho following figures: Value of
deposit during fiscal year oflSSO S3'J,3S7,
iHU; amount of coinage, $30,053,000; show
ing a decrease as compared with tho pre
ceding year of a littlo inoro than four mil
lion in depokits and almost exactly six
tnilliong in coinage. The coinage at the
uiiut in lsso was $13,000,000 less of gold
and $6,000,000 less of silver than in 1878.
The New York Graphic says: Vondur
bllt has entered into an undursUuulinrr
with tivoofthe heaviest holders of Chi
cagn.Burlington andQuiiicy stock that he
Vhall buy $5,000,000 worth of shares, and
uiiucrsiuiiiiiiii; co n mi nn a mruier
wbicn boiues are bum up and main
tainod and in which families dwell in
comfort, cannot compete with a labor
that is content with wages that will pro
vide merely a hovel in common with
others and a rice and rat diet. Tho first
division noticed in this report is
SKILLED LAIIOll,
Comprising artisans, manufacturers, etc.
Theso people livo mostly m towns or
cities, where the highest cost of living
and hor.se rents exact a correspondingly
higher income. Art, taste, una genius,
whilo highly appreciate! by the people,
do not, as in Europe and America, com
mand that high premium which so much
encourages art. Sometimes a painter
will be renderod mors or less colebruted
by the boldness of his brush and by his
genius in imitating nature; his name, or
seal, may become immortal, but he will
during his lifetime be probubly no bet
ter oS than his neighbor, the coilin-
maker. The painter of porcelain, the
designer and weaver of thoso exquisito
patterns seen on China silks, the man
who works thoso beautiful pieces
ef enamel which are tho admira
tion of the world, is each content if
he and his fumily cam enough to live
upon, and if, after providing for. a
parent's funeral expenses and contribut
ing towards one of his children's wed
ding, ho has economized sullicieutly to
assure an honorable funeral for his own
remains and thoso of his wife ho feels as
though he hud accomplished tho object
of his existence. His neighbor, tho
butcher, is ia equally good circum
stances. When groat responsibility
rests on workmen, rucIi as gold and
silver smiths, a consideration is niado in
tho remuneration. The highest paid
day laborer is perhaps tho silk reolcr or
spinner, for iu addition to tho skill which
it is necessary for theso operators to
possess, the silk has to be reeled off the
cocoons within a limited time, and for
several weeks the men have to work
almost day and night. For such
work the wagos paid, vary from
ono to two dollars por diem.
The grand average of an income under
the head of skilled labor is as follows:
For a master, por week, $3; $15G per an
num, lor a workman, per weok, &1 DO
5n per annum, t'or youngsters or
females, per week, 50 cents; $2U por an
num. The expense of living will bo ro
sportively:
fimilv. 873. and the total of other ex
lutnsei aa above. $02$135. and there
nrvniLlvill liain lninma for the vear oi qm,
There are besides some other email
sources of income which are nnder the
control of the women, such as the rais
ing of chickens, pigs, the making of
yarn and cloth, etc. These must be set
off against other expenses for clothing,
etc., not enumerated in the foregoing
buda-et. When cotton is cultivated the
viold of 2li acres is about as follows
Average vie d about 1000 ponnus at
4 centsSG4: actual outlay for
cultivation. S20: mandarin tax, $8; as
sistance. 83: leavimr net profit of $33.
This yield can only be produced upon
land adapted to the growth of cotton.
The cotton is either sold (in thia case it
is with the acod on) or so niucn is re
tained as may be conveniently spun or
woven at home. A woman manages to
spin about o do-third pound of yarn
(woof) a day, which labor is wortu bix
cents, lor tho manufacture of the warp
a process is adopted w hich necessitates
the assistanco of two or threo persona,
and 'for this tho neighbors assist each
other, just as the loom for weaving is
often the proiierty of several families or
of a wholo village. Two classes oi oiotn
are mado in tho country, viz: 1. A
heavy quality, il'J inches wido, in pieces
of Gli yards ;"2. A lighter quality 4G inches
wide, in pieces of ON yards. A woman
weaves one piece per day ; sometimes
nioro. To convert raw cotton into one
piece of cloth involves an average of six
working days, and tho weight of tho
piece averages about 1 'A pounds, and its
worth about CO cents. The farm laborer
hires himself out by the day, tho month,
and, less frequently, by the year. The
value of his labor varies according to
the season of the year. During harvest
time he gets, besides the meals, worth
about 10 cents, from 10 to 15 cents per
day, or 70 cents to $1 05 a week. If his
employment be by the month ho gets
M oO to Si a month, besides board
For permanent employment or era
iloyment by the year tho wages are
ower, averaging abont $12 per an
num, witu board and lodging. hen
wofking for short terms, lodging is no
great consideration with him, for ho al
ways will find rough accommodations
with a friend or relative. Men of this
class dofmy their houso rent with about
w cam a month. About fc- per annum
will keep his wardrobe in a state ade
quate to his scanty wants. A man who
saves $3 to $! a year does fairly well,
but the majority, live from hand to
mouth, and their whole life is but a hard
struggle to faght the hungry wolf from
the dotir.
for the attainment of these ends have
been invited to come and lend a helping
hand, bat none others. And since the
laboring mosses of tue united mates are
ia full sympathy with and are engaged
in promoting the best interest of the
Government, and since, for this purposo,
it became necessary for them to sub
scribe to the rules of society under it,
it would seem to be great injustice to
compel them to compote for an existence
with a labor belonging to a civilization
going in an opposite diroction from their
own, and which can cover symputhizo
with it.
Mistakes In Teaching 31 u sic.
. At tho recent social soienco in Edin
burgh Big. Alberto lach read a paper on
imnrovements in musical education. In
the teaching oi singing, he said, the first
injury to tho taste of the people is done
in tue elementary classes, xuo "uni
sons" screamiegs in schools is ruinous to
the delicate instincts of the young. In
dividual treatment and correct classifica
tion of voices ought to be adopted, with
the compass of exorcises and songs con
fined to ono octave of harmony will be
requisite. Ia so-called choral unsions
the ordinary abuses woro tho roceiving
of all comers without regard to fitness
or previous training, tho endeavor of the
weaker voicos to cope with the
stronger ones, and tho conse
quent run ot valuable voices
in former times whon there wore not so
many associations, there were more good
siUKUio, uucniiso iuii-b iioik tuuu nntnu .m n. .....
thoroughly trained for the service, of the VmTdiam n 1 n I e
church and by accomplished singers. nn n,.i,M v"l! .
the '.;i M'-Jia
la a Tnrkhdt Tost Office.
A turbaned Ottoman, approaching th.
pigeon-hole of the 1'o.t Oflice, bo. , '
peatedly to the official, and, 'tying'
right hand on his breast, exclaim,.
fory
'-Official, returning the salutation n
quires: "What is your pleasure r'
"Thy sorvant desires a fow iuimwa,
postage sUmps-in order to aend lo t
toLurope My son, Abdullah Effend?
glass merchant of Ak Kerai, has travl. i
to London, and hi. family
to him. I, myself, indooi, do not poS
the accomplishment of writing but .
rolativo, the grandson of my first wiL.
great uucle, the great pipe-bowl mam.
lactam of Toohane, iVmashir 0r S
art and ho wilf pen the epistle for u
"Very good, and how many stamps L
you want, sir?" uiinps uo
"Ah, my jewel, how many do I require
One, I suppose, will not be aufik-ient
for he will not return yet for four week.'
bo give me two." ,Ctl"'
"Very good, hero they m'ir..... i
half piastres." -...
"What ia that thou savflut n i .,.x
Two piastre, is what I nsed to give some
jinu. WI1UU AlWUIUtb Wag MtP.
viously in London. Wait, it was"
"Quite richt Effendi In? lint i
feo has bsen altered and tho price is now
"Is it bo, apple of my eye? Th0 price
ia greater; alas! alas!" P Ce
Herewith the Turk pulls out a mil
For it mutter rr annum :
Fur looil etc....- ..
r reui, vc...
'or cloiulug, ic
Total..
i 71
86
..... 12
Itf)
45
this
stipulation that tho investment shall bo
permanent and it shall be given represen
tation in the next board of directors
continent, however, upon the execution
of the scheme projected by Juy tiould. A
similar understanding exists between
Vanderbilt and the heaviest holders of
the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe. Van
dorbilt does not care to enter tho direc
tion of these lines unless it shall be nec
essary as measures of defense against tho
hostile combination of liould.
(Ion. Francis A. Walker, superintendent
of the census, has submitted his regular
annual report to tho secretary of the in
terior. Me says that although tho work
of taking tho tenth census is substantially
complete, returns having been received
from all but seven of the total number
31,3ti5 enumeration districts, it will prob
ably bo two or three weeks before tho ol
fleo will be ablu te present complete sta
tistics ofthd population of tho country,
and he therefore considers it advisable to
postpone to a future repoit all mention
or the results of tho enumeration and all
discussion ot methods ill use. as well as
suggestions which may require to be made
of changes in tlie census law with refer
ence to future enumeration. The super-
utendent says every year and everv
month which can bo saved iu the com
pilation and publication of census statis
tics adds appreciably to their value, and
recommends that congress be sked to
authorize the printing bv special contract
under the supervision of the secretary of
the inteiior, nid if it be thought desire
able, also of .trintinir the several renorts
of the census supervisors ss fast as pre
pared. TheAiccounts of 2S.410 enumera
tors imvealieady been settled, involving
a total expenditure of upwards of $1,820.-
000. Only about UtlO accounts remain
unadjusted, aud there is uo reason to
doubt that tho month of December will
ree all enumerators paid for their services
wxeept only in cafes where suspension is
requneu lor reasons unmistaKably con
nected wiih om fault Withe Tennmera-
tor.;! 1 g:Z3
For a wo. kintn per annum:
Kor food. Jus
Por rent, Ao 12
for doming. c
Total 63
The females and youngsters aro consid
ered to absorb all thoy cam. The master
lives generally at his workshop, where
ho has, perhaps, two rooms, besides a
place to cook in. Tho household furni
ture mav bo estimated at from $20 to
S30. The ordinary workman, if mar
ried, will share a small houso with a
friend and occupy ono room aud huve
free access to tho kitchen. lie may live
with his parents, in which caso his earn
ings go to tho common fund. Under
such circumstancos 10 to 815 will cover
the value of his household furniture. If
a bachelor, and awav from his family, he
will either Bleep at his employer's for a
consideration, or stay with a friend; in
cither caso tho wholo inveutory consists
of a box with his clothes and his bedding.
AOItlCt'LTCKAL LAIIOll. ,
Hore it is necessary to distinguish
between tho ownor or tenant farmer and
the laborer who hires himself out by the
day, the week, or the month. Ou
Chinese farm overy member of the fam
ily must work; even the children, when
ouly six or soven years of ago, have al
ready some regular work usignod to
them. Two and one-half acres of good
arable land, with a house, the material of
which consists mostly of mud and reeds
or bamboos, jometiujes of stone or brick
with a roof of straw or reods seldom of
tiles, a bullock, buffalo, or cow, a couple
of pigs, a fow fowls or uucks, and finally
a fow primitive agricultural implements,
constitute tho property of a woll-to-do
tanner, bay tuo family consists of man,
wife, and two children of seven to
ten years of age. They lived almost en
tirefy on tho productions of their own
soil; ::oo copper cash, or about 'JO cents.
a day is about the marketablo vidua of
the food consumed l such a family,
The ordinary daily fare is rice, or, as in the
north, bread made out of wbeat-nour and
millet, also souio salted vegetables and a
light decoction of the commonest tea.
On festive occasions some pork, or salted
eggs, and a cup or two of Samshee
(wine) form all tho "extras" those frugal
people indulge in. The budget of a far
mer's family stands on an average about
uius :
Valut of ti acreiof land
, (D0 00
20 00
10 00
10 ou
t 00
8 00
11 00
A good aalmal of trrt.. ,..,
JUnura m ,
Irilon .. i
Help at harTiitime'Z'.7.!Zr.3irr7r.
TtxeM lu on U (ran yield oi riot or wheat
Total eipeniea. ...... ti oo
The Vt acres, which the two adulU,
with the assistance of an animal of draft
nd their children, can work, will yield,
if the land be of average fertility, and
under ordinary climatic circumstances,
in
Rlo..v. l no
Beoood crop, beaot, oouea or blty.. 40 00
ot saj In 1I thoot . ..
10 00
Deduct from thia the cost of living of the
COOLY LABOR.
Herein are comprised tho carriers, boat
men, the wheelbarrow men, &o. Taking
the rates ruling at the great com
mercial centers of this empire the
grand averago of a man's earning
is about 150 cash, or 15 cents a
day which is equal to $4 50 per month.
But it, varies so considerably, according
to supplies and demand in diuerent
localities that the minimum is as low as
5 cents a day, whilo tho maximum is as
high as d0 cents without load or lodging.
Much also depends upon the physical
strength of the men; the endurance and
strength of some boing actually marvel
ous, lake, for instance, tne tea car
riers iu tho mountainous parts of West
ern China. They carry on their backs
a load of from 300 to 400 pounds weight,
across difficult mountain passes, and
travel with it for twenty consecutive
days. They aro considered well paid at
zo cents a day. An ordinury ccoly s
monthly account would stand about
thus :
Receipts In wiges . Si 50
Axpeuaiturti lor loo! ... t i wo
KxiKiiillture for lodging 60
Incidental exneusea .... iO
, 4 90
Net Income 50
Coal is mined in many parts of China
eutirely by hand, and to Bay that it can
bo sold at f 1 per ton at the pit s mouth,
with profit to tho owner of the mine, is a
striking illustration of tho cheapness of
human labor in this country. Most of
the cooly labor in China is controlled
by certain houses as companies. Strong
nnd reliable coolies are, if possible, kept
indebted to them by advancing to the
cooly money while they aro out of em
ployment; hence, this labor is nearly al
ways nnder mortgage to tho hong
(house), and in this way there, exists a
good deul of slow or forced labor. 13ut
the principal secret of success of those
companies which sublet cooly laborers
seoms to be their holding themselves re
sponsible to tho employer for the cooly's
actions. Tbey undertake to make good any
damage, whether arising from dishonesty
or carelessness. They prosper while
the coolies almost starve. 1 In all the
foregoing estimates of the cost of the
laborer's living bo allowance is made for
the expenses which the great prevalence
of opium smoking entails. Although
such habits predominate among the
higher classes of cities, yet n inconsid
erable percentage of the coolies and
country people is addicted to them. Con
sequently, in many instances where there
would seem to be a probability of sur
plus earnings, there is actually none.
The main motive of practicing economy
with every Chinaman is, firstly, to be
at do to take wife; secondly, to perform
his duties to the names of his ancestors;
and, thirdly, to defray the expenses of
his own funeral. Indeed, wedding and
funeral expenses seem to be the heaviest
items of expenditure with these people.
as they range from fifty to several hun
dreds 01 dollars.
(July artists cau educato artists, as
history of music abundantly proves.
Singers who have a high reputation as
opera and concert singers would be well
qualified to teach, even though their
voices were failiug. provided they were
cultivated in the (esthetics and philoso
phy of tho art. The imperfect taste of
the public is tho result of mediocre and
bad, inartistio compositions . and per
formances, for which both executants
and professors ot tho art are to blame.
The art itself is losing by the superfici
ality of this general music-making. To
tho arttists themselves the most modorn
so-called "dramatic" style of singing the
high keys with overpowering instru
mentation is doing the gieatost harm.
The art of singing is liable to be injured
by this modern tendency to extravagaat
instrumentation, physical power being
substituted for artistio refinement. In
seeking for remodics against tho deteri
oration of the art, these must bo found in
the mode of teaching. The true Uacher
must mako special study of the forma
tion of the voico, and for this and other
ends of musical culture the establish
ment ef conservatories or academies of
music is a desideratum. The freedom
with which any one is allowed to teach.
irrespective of quallification, might be
counteracted by some provision by the
State or otherwise for the appointment
of competent professors of art.
Fut his Ann Around Her.
The other day, says the- Little Rock
Uazette, several men were standing on a
street , talking, when a handsomely-
dressed ladv passed.
ion may not believe it, said a man
named Spriggins, "but I havo had my
arm around that lady."
iou are a vile 'andorer, sir, ex
claimed young Mr. i'apoiage, and draw
ing off, he struck AL'. Spriggins a heavy
blow betweon the eyes. Both parties
were instantly arrested, and when Mr.
Spriggins requested that the lady bo
summoned, a lady caught up with her
and requested her presence in court.
which had just convened iu afternoon
session.
"Judge, said raperage, "wnuo sev
eral acquaintances and myself wore
standing upon the street talking, this
lady passed. Then this man," pointing
silver."
"FJi, what! You tako no paper? Why
not? Snrely it is good money of tlie
ruduhah in whesa realms you are
Well, well, I will give you hard money
I have somo with me iu copper."
"No, Effandim," rejoined the official
"wo don't take copper, either. y0n
must pay in silver."
'Silver? By my hood Ihavenono!
Do me the kindness of taking copper, f
will pay you the agio."
"Impossible. Effendim: I am nnt al
lowed to take it."
"Well, what am I to do. then m
son?" ' '
Go to tha money changor: haianif.
ting there in the coraer."
"Ah me, it is very hot! Won't nn
really bike copper?"
"l can not under any circumstances."
"Very well, then, you shall havg sil
ver. Here it is.
"Thanks."
This part of the business boing con
cluded, the Turk asks:
"When will tho lettorbe sent off?"
"First tell me, father, when do you in
tend to write?"
"Oh! to-day; as soon as I got back
from the fish market, whither ,1 must
first go, I will havo the letter written."
"Then it will be dispatchod in the
morning if you bring it hero before 2
o'clock this afternoon. "
"Excellent; and when will the answer
como back?"
"Well, Effendim, that will dopond on
when your son pests his reply."
"Writos his' reply, my lamb! Why,
what aro you thinking of ? He will do it
at once, of course. Do you suppose he
will keep his father waiting?
"Very well; in that case tho answer
will arrive quickly; you may, perhaps.
get it in ten days."
".bravo! bravo! Then 1 will como back
in ten days' time. Good-hy! May Allah
longthon thy shadow, my heart."
uood-by, sir, and may thy beard lux
uriantly flourish." Cologne Gazette.
An Aldcruina's Great Sorrow.
There 'is an Alderman in Detroit who
knows a bale of hay when he sees it as
well as any man living. lie was passing
up Michigan avenue tho other day, when
he came across a small group of friends.
to bpnggins, "remarked that ho had put They had perhaps been waiting for him,
nis arm around ner. ine lady is notning knowing that ho would pass I
CHINESE AND AMERICA LABOK
With the class of cheap labor of which I
liavo been speaking, tins empire can snp
ply the world. Is it strange, then, nnder
aucn circumstances, that the mind of a
necessarily more expensive laborer, with
entirely different hopes and aims in life,
pnould become alarmed at the prospect
of a stubborn competion with it? China
stands to-day where she has stood for
thousands of years, firmly wedded to
Joss and her idols, looking backwards,
venerating the paths trod by her ances
tors, and with no interest in any civiliza
tion but her own. On. the contrary,
there has been laid broad and deep upon
the American continent the foundation
of a society which secures the great
est good to the greatest num
ber, and whose motto is "Onward
and upward." There will be realized
the full strength and highest culture ef
the human intellect, and there will be
ltnessed the grand triumph of civil and
religious liberty. The down-trodden
and oppressed of other lands who hope J
to me, Judge, but my mother was a lady
and my sisters are ladiog, and I have
always made it a point to chastise a man
wno speaks ill of a lady.
Mr. Spriggins, remarked tho Judgo,
"did you say that you had put your arm
around tho lady?
ies, sir.
"men tne gentleman did right in
striking you. Ladies are not safo in
Little ltock so long as such ruffians are
allowed to insult them."
Judge, allow the lady to speak, re
quested Spriggins.
"Certainly, iou will pleaso make
vour statement."
1 didn t bear tho man when he said
that he had put his arm around me, and
as I passed on I do not know what oc
curred."
mg that ho would pass tuat way
about that hour. They were glamliug
near a bale of hay marked "210 pounds,"
and besido the bale stood a llat-ohcsted,
slim-waisted, consumptive looking youth
of twenty summers, who kept spitting on
his hands and saying ho would shoulder
tho balo or dio in the attempt.
"I've but flO that he cau t, remarked
one of the group to the AlJermuu, as he
came to a halt.
"Why. he must be a fool!" roplied the
oflidal, as ho looked from tho mau to the
W-
"I can t, eh? quoned tue consump
tive. "You dasn't put up 610 that I
can't shoulder this 'ere hay and carry it
across the street and back."
Xothinsr but chain-liKhtning could
have beat the movenleuts of that Alder
man in milliner out fin "X" and nllicing
"Excuse, mo for being blunt, but . it in tlm hamla of a staka-holdcr. When
but I nil rrn, ren.1v tha cnnsumijtive suit on
1 t. ;j il. 1.. . - . - ... 1 , .
uu ou mean 10 usk 11 me man ever na Hindu slinn hlorfiil tha bale, ana loos
put his arm around me?" ujs walk. The end of the Alderman s
ICS. I tnncno in KiVld ami his eves COlud
"Then, I must say that ho has." havM Wn ntonnnd on as the dvinor youth
For a few moments there was a doop retiiml tn th nnrh dronnod the bale.
1 1 I! .1 , 1 . . - I " '
siience, oniy (iisiuroeu ny a uoy wno
picked at the plastering with a horseshoe
nail.
"What right had ho to put his arm
around you?" stammered the Judge.
"Because," answered the woman, "he
is my husband."
When the court adjourned, the men
took beer.
Captain La wson, when in New Guinea,
found that Mount Hercules was 82,7815
feet high. If his calculation is correct,
that mountain must be taken to bo the
highest in the world.
Siemens and Halske, of Berlin, are
now constructing an elcctrio railway be
tween Lichterfelde and Tel ton, with a
branch line to Grosse Kadcttenliaus.
These same men have also just patented
a hammer and rock-borer, propelled
directly by electricity. A rod of iron or
soft steel moves within the axes of three
coils. A constant current in the middle
coil magnetizes the rod, and alternating
currents through tha other coils cause
the rod to be forced in and out with
great rapidity.
Baron A. von Hagel is now engaged in
writing n work upon Fiji, where he
traveled aad spent some time making
extremoly extensive and complete an
thropological collections. The work
ill be more particularly an ethnological
one, and most of the weapons, fabrics,
and other ethnographic articles are being
figured to accompany the text. The
crania collected by Boron von Hugel
have already -been acquired by the Royal
College of Surgeons, and exhaustively
described by Prof. Flower.
and took the money.
"Lemma nea that fly !" whiskered the
official, as consciousness finally returned.
He walked up to the bule, gave 11
heave, and it went rolling over. Then
he picked it up and hofted it, got rod
clear back to the collar button, and
walked off without a word. The con
sumptive was only half a day fixing up
tlm hiim lmln with sticks and uawors and
a little hay, and $10 is good pay for half
a day's Work. Detroit Freo Fress.
TV ftdmi tlm Knninee.rina reports,
has established tho useful fact that wood
impregnated with paralllne is preserved
from rot, especially when employed
in alizarine manufactures, where it is ex
posed to the docaying action of damps,
acids and alkaline lyes. Wooden ves
sels, which become totally rotten in two
months, laat for two years whon impreg
nated with paraffine. The preparation
of the wood is effected by drying it in
warm air for throe weeks, then steeping
it in "melted paraffine to which has been
added some petroloum or ether. In pre
tiarinu this bath ninch caro is necessary,
as iU liability to take fire is very great.
T6 prevent the paraffine from escaping
from the pores the wood should be
coated with oil, varnish, or soluble
glass, washed after drying with diluted
hydochloric acid. The sileic acid thus
formed clogs up the pores from the out
side and protects the paraffine from the
action of water. Paraffine, melted with
equal parts of linseed or rape seed oil, is
also, according to Dr. Schal, useful for
coating iron vessels, which in chemical
works are otherwise very liable to rust.