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About The Eugene City guard. (Eugene City, Or.) 1870-1899 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 20, 1880)
THE nVTU M0DER2I IIISTOBf, BY BXMJ. I. COHEX. Tie following lecture wu delivered before the Young Men's Hebrew Associ ation at Tortlond, Or., November H, by Benj. L Cohen: Spain, the Sunny borne of the olive and the vine, was the chosen abode of Israel's wandorers. long ere the gates of Centa opened to admit the Moorish conquerors. And above all, in Southern Spam bad they become the favorites of fortune, where being the principal cultivator! of tho soil, they had iroused the jealousy and excited the cu pidity of the Goths, who attempted by ierios of Larbarious decrees, to drive them from the land which their industry and intelligence had made to blossom as the rose. The Jewish population of Spain, of Arab descent, turnod in this dark hour, on appealing glance to their brethren of the Cresent, whose banners could be neen to wave and the sound of whose Tecbir war cry could almost bo heard across the narrow strait which separates Spain from Africa. "The overthrow of the Gothic Kings was as much achieved by the superior information which the Saracens received from their suffering kinsmen as by the resistless valor of the desert." And then ahone the dawn o a glorious day for Israel's race. Hand in hand, and heart to heart, with thoir Moorish friends, they mounted the lad der of fame. Both alike reared fair palaces and filled the highest oflicos of state. The leading physioians were Jews, and grave profossors cast abroad the dazzling light of secular scionce, min glod with the lucont rays of Talumdical lore. An extensive and enlighted com merce SUPPORTED THIS SPLENDOR, While noble universities flourished for the benofit of their favored youth. Long ' after the fall 0 the Moorish Kingdoms, the Jews still flourished in Spain, until the increasing strength. 01 xue uoius n-lit. vit.h it increase of persecution. fira.lnftllv the Jews were deprived of their privileges, or forced to an nntivnrit nnmnliance with the Cath olic faith under the title of Auevoi Christians. At length the rise of Ferdinand and Isabella, and the intro duction of the fatal Inquisition, sealed taia Tln'n moral Upas tree first UUIt 4 unfolded its loaves at Seville, and three of the fairest names in fcpain, tue unit nt Molina Siilonia. tkeMarauess of Cadiz. and tho Count of Arcos, were its first viotimR. The introduction 01 tue tnmi'iiiinn into Aracron was resisted with nil thA nnercv of despair: but alas! evil triumphed over good and its foil talons were again reuuenoa wuu uu iinn.i nf tha children of the Sun. Fer ,i;nn,l n onirit. nf madness, the evil uiunuu) effects of which are folt in Spain to tlus day, determined that us ciencious air should no longer be breathed by any who nnt. nmfnsa Catholicism. Baptism or exile were the alternatives. More that 600,000 of the most industrious, tbe most intelligent, and most enlightened of Knaniuli Riitiiects. - clinging 10 the faith of thoir fathors, re signod the dolighftul land where hnA resided for centuries the beautiful cities they had raised, the universities from which, ynnsienaom drew for ages its most precious lore, the tombs of their ancestors and the temples whero they had worshiped the God for whom they made this sacrifice. They had but four months to prepare for eternal exilo, after a residence of as many centuries, during which brief period forced sales and giuueu uar.eis yir nnllv nnfisiitfid their nronertv. It is a calamity which the scattered people still 1 ... .!. . J li:nn V ...... nit a. 1- ran&s wuu me ucswiutiuu iicuuiiinu nezzar and of Titus. Who, after this should say thut the Jows are by nature A SORDID PEOPLE. Tit. tho Rnnri inh Goth, then so cruol and so haughty, where is he? A despised suppliant to the very race which lie uuu ished for some miserable portion of that treasure which their habits of industry have again accumulated. nere is luai triVmn'nl which HlimmOUOd Modina Sidonia and Cadiz to its dark inquisi- . f, a ti m Ti. tion? where is spaing 11s iaiir 11s 11m1nrrtllplc.1l anil irremidiablo fall is mainly to be attributed to the expulsion 01 that large portion 01 11s buhjuuis, the most industrious and intelligent, who traced their origin to tho Mosaic and Mohammedan Arabs." Many, if not the greater portion of these hapless ex iles, sought and found a safe asylum in free Saxon England, where, as in all ether parts of Europe, their progress, though silent and slow, was onward ever and upward. Leaping now the gulf of time until we arrive at the early part of the 19th century, we find their then con dition thus portrayed in the glbwing Orientalism of Disraoli: "You never observe a great intellectual movement in Europe in which the Jews do not largely participate. The first Jesuits were Jews; that mysterious Russian diplomacy which so alaims Western Europe is or ganized and principally carried on by Jews; that mighty revolution which is at this moment preparing in Germany, is entirely developing under tho auspices of Jews, who almost monopolize the pro fessorial chairs of Germany. Seamier the POUNI.EB OP SPIRITUAL CHRISTIANITY, And who is Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Berlin, is a Jew. Benary, equally famous in the same University, is a Jew. Wehl tho Arabic, Professor of Hidelberg, is a Jew, the first Arabio scholar of the day and author of the life of Mahomet. A few years ago we were applied to by Russia for a loan. I resolved to go myself to St. Peters burgh. I had an interview on my ar rival with the Russian Minister of Finance, Count Cancrin. I beheld the son of a Lithuanian Jew. The loan was connected with the affairs of Spain. I repaired thither in the person of the Spanish Minister, Senor Mendizabel; I beheld one like myself, the son of a Nuero Chrutiano, a Jew of Arragon. From Madrid I went to Paris to consult the President of the French Council; I beheld the son of a French Jew, a hero, an Imperial Marshal, and very properly so, for who should be military heroes, if not those who worship the Lord of Hosts. And is Soutt a Hebrew? Yes, and oth ers of thtf French Marshals, and the most famous; Massena for example; his real name was Manasash; but to my anecdote. The consequence of oar consultations was that some northern power should be applied to in a friendly and msdiative 1 capacity. Ws fixed on Prussia; and the President of the Council made an appli cation to the Prussian Minister 'who at tended a few days after our conference. Count Arnim ENTERED Till CABINET, And I beheld a Prussian Jew. So you see the world is governed by very different personages from what is imagined by those who are not behind the scenos. Bat the passionate and creative genius, that is the nearest link to Divinity, and which no human tyranny can destroy, though it can divert it, has found a me dium for its expression, to which you havo boon obliged to bow. Mutic; that science of harmonious sound which tho ancients recognized as most divino, and deified in the person of their most beau tiful creation. Almost every great com poser and skilled musician, almost every Toioe that ravishes you with its trans porting strains, springs from our tribes. The catalogue is too vast to enumerate; too illustrious to dwell for a moment on secondary names, however eminent. Enough for us that the throe great creative minds, to whoso exquisite compositions all nations at this mo ment yiold Rossini, Meyorbeer and Mendolssohn are of Hebrew race; and little do your men of fashion, your mu scad in s of Paris, and your dan dies of London, as they thrill into rap tures at the notes of a Pasta or a Crisis; little do they suspect that they aro offer ing their homago to the "sweet singers of Israel I" From the earliest timos of which American history takes cogniz ance, the free exerciso and enjoymont of religious profession and worship have been considered the absolute rights of individuals, recognized by our constita tions and secured to them by law. It is ordained by tho constitution of the United States that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting tho free exercise thereof, and the same prineiplo appears in all of our State constitutions. But al though tho United States required no KELIOIOCS TEST, Eligibility to place and power in the vari ous State governments was confined to Trinitarian Christians. In the State of Maryland the struggle to remove the po litical disabilities of the Jows waxed warm in 1823-4. In January. 1824, Col Worthington delivered his famous speech in the Maryland Legislature, in tho course of which he stated that ho had Propounded certoin inquires to Solomon Ittine. Eso... a leading Israelite of Balti more, as follows: W hut offices havo been or are now held by Hebrews? Solomon Buth. Colonel in the American revolu tion. a distinguished officer who died after the revolution of the wounds ro coived or their effects. Reuben Etting, Marshal of Maryland, appointed by President Jefferson. He was also Cap tain of a voluntoor corps, raised very early in Baltimore, long under his com rannd, which became so numerous as to reouire being divided into companies and thrown into Fifth regiment Mary land militia. Solomon Etting, Captain Fifth regiment Maryland militia, ap pointed by Governor I'aea. Bonj. I Cohen, Lieutenant in Columbian Volun toers, attached to the Fifth regiment Maryland militia. . The strongest caso applicable to the subject is one at pres ent existing and may be thus related: Early in the spring of 1823 a number of spirited young men formed a VOLUNTEER RIFLE COMPAST Known as the "Marion Corps." With out any previous knowlodge on his part of even the existence of this company they unanimously elected Bonj. I. Cohen, Esq., their Captain. A commission was received from Governor Stevens, but not qualified to, of course, in consequence of the existence of the test law; the corps were made acquainted with this faet, and a resignation of the command on tho part of Capt. Cohen followed. At a moeting of the corps, callod for that purpose, it was unanimously umuruiiucu imn uu Captain should be elected until tho fate of this bill to repoal tho test law should bo decided, and the corps is at presen. commanded by tho First Lieutenantt Another eminent Hebrow is Major Mor decai M. Nouh, Major in Pennsylvania, Consul to Tunis for the American Gov ernment, and on his return to this coun try, appointed by the Legislature of New Y'ork to the important station of Shoriff of their metropolis. A. A. JUussais, Major in the U. S. Army during the lnte war, and retained in tho service at tho re duction of the army, HE IS NOW PAYMASTER For the Southern department; W. P. Levy, Lieutentant in U. S. Navy, last Commander of schooner Revenge, and afterwards a Commodore. The Consti tution of Maryland of 18ul provides "that no other test or qualification ought to be required on admission to any office - man sucn as may be prescribed by this Constitution. Tf tha uartv shall x profess to be a Jew, tho declaration shall be of his belief in a future state 01 re wards and punishments." The Maryland Constitution of 1807 provides "that no religious test ought ever to be required as a qualification for any office in this State other than a declaration of belief in the ex istence of God." Tho Constitution of Oregon declares that "No religious test shall bo rennired as a qualification for any office of trust or profit." To-day we find the chosen people occupying uign initinn throughout the length of the land and the breadth thereof. Josephs r9 r.nnicmtl& A in the Lnited States Sen ate, while Einstein of New York is in the House of Representatives. Some of the brightest lights of the Bench and Bar of the country are Hebrews. The army 1 nnv-r Amfain & fair nrnunrtinn of them, who, in times of trial, have proved not unworthy 01 lueir positions, m Europe their standing is, if possible, even higher. Iu Germany Edward Tas- ker is tbe LEADER OF THE LIBERALS In the Prussian Landtag and Solicitor for the "Deutsche Baden Credit Bank," or "Credit Fonder." He has been a member of the various parliamentary 1h5. and is far honester than Disraeli, in that be has clung to his orignal Hebrew laiin in spire 01 aii we advantages that apostacy offered to an ambitious man ; and his political integrity is beyond tbe reach 01 slander. In 1808 an active and enterprising young lawyer made his debut at the Pal nr Jnitim in Paris, first attracting public attention by a remarkable defense of several persona jprweBvu wi w piracy. In ths following year he was sent to tha Conn LegitlatiJ from Bell' ville and Marseilles, and on September 4th, 1870, when the furious populace invaded the .Legislative chamber, JUeon Qambetta was proclaimed a prominent member of the Government of National Defonse. Of his eloquence it has been said : "Thore is a wild passion in the man which is ABSOLUTELY INDESCRIBABLE, His character is like tho ocean, gentle and quiet in a calm ; but imposing and awful in a storm. Tho orator is never cold and stately, his hollow and resound ing voice is like that of some furious warning prophot of doom, and his fiorv sentences follow one another with such rapidity thut thore is littlo chance for in terruption. Anothor French leader, Jules Simon, is both honest and great, a fine orator, a shrewd and cautious poli tician, a patriot of noblest tye, a philos opher of no moan order, and a careful student of social science; he is one of the foromost figures of his time. He strug gled up from tho ranks of tho masses, his origin was humblo and his youth was a perpetual battle for bread. Anothor Frenchman of note, whose recent doath was mourned as a national calamity, was Isaao Adoluh Cremieox, Minister of Jus tice in 1818, and a zealous defender and champion of tho rights of his oppressed brethren. In 1840 ho accompanied Sir Moses Montefioro to the East for tho pur pose of taking active measures in behalf of the persecuted Jows ot Damascus. The greatest equity lawyer of England, who has nllod the exalted position ol MASTER OF THE ROLLS, During the prosent generation, is Sir Goorge Jessols, a strict momber of the Jewish persuasion, who has beon success ively Senator of tho University of Lon- .1 ir 1 t T .1: I UnlUItn.N Geuoral, and Master of the Rolls; whilo the acknowledged leader of the English bar is Judah P. Benjamin, a Jew born in New Orleans, and who, whilo awaiting his admission to the bar of Englund, wrote and published the best book upon the law of salos. in existence. But in England Disraoli stands pro-eminent in the 15th century; his ancestors bearing a different namo, were driven from Spain, and took refuge in the Bonotian Repub lic, whore, grateful to the God of Jacob who had sustained thorn through unpre cedented trials, and guarded them through unheard of perils, they assumed the name of Disraoli, a name never born before or Bince by any other family in order that thoir raoe might be forever recognized. From this stock sprang tho great Premier, whose own life is a more wondrous tale than that of Alroy, a more splendid romance than Tancred or Bono tia. The philantropist, Sir Moses Mon tefiore, was Shoriff of London, was knighted by the Ouoen upon the occasion of her visit to the city in 1840, ami was shortly afterwards made a baronet, In 1840, with Cromioux, and on soveral other occasions, he visited the East in behalf of the Daniascan Hebrews. In 1840, he persuaded the Emperor Nicholas to suspend the execution 01 an EDICT AGAINST THE JEWS, And was invited to visit Poland to con cort measures of relief for his sufforing brpthren in that unhappy country. In 1854, he collocted funds for the famine' stricken inhabitants of the East, and se cured from the Sultan the privilege of holding real estate in Jerusalem, whore ho built poor houses anu encouraged in dustry aud agrionlturo. In 1803, with the hel of Oueon Elizabeth at Madrid, ho procured a firman from the Sultan of Morocco putting his Jewish subjects upon an equal footing with his Christian ones. In his 82d year, he niado his last visit to Palestine, to assist those who had. suf fered with the cholera, and whose crops had been dostroyed by locusts. The next vear he went to Bucharost, to use bis influence against the ill- treatment of the Jews of Roumania. In 1807 ho endowed the Jewish College at Ramsgato in honor of bis deceased wife. On Soptomber 24th, 1802, he was presented with the f aeedom of the city of London and a valuable present in to ken of bis bofiovolence. In Spain Emilo Cnstelar ranks with the foremost men of the nee. as an eminont orator ana un coninromising Republican. In 18C4 he fnmiilod a iournal called "La Democra nin " in which he developed his social nud political principles. Ho was CONDEMNID TO DEATH In 18G0, but escaped into France. In 1808 he returned to Spain, became a member of the Cortez and a leader of the Republican party. He is considered the ablost political orator in Spain, became Minister of Foroign Affairs in 1873, and was President of the Spanish Republic from September 1873, to January 1874. Once on a time, as the fairy talos rocite, Williom IX, Langrave of Hesse was ab- sorlicd in a gamo of chess, behind bis chair, silent and attentive to every move, stood an unobtrusive Hebrow, awaiting an audience with the Prince. The gamo was going against Wm., who turning, sud denly asked, "Do you understand chess ?" "Su ffioiently well, you r serene Hichness. to induce me, were the game mine, to castle on the King's side." That was a master stroke, turning defeat into victory, and so delighting the King that ho said, "You are a wise man; he who can extricate a chess-player from such a difficulty as I was in, must have a very clear head for business, lhat wary counsellor was Mayer Anselm Roths child, the first great Knight of the Red Shield; that lucky bint secured to the banker the use of Jfiu.uw.ww ana gen erations of financial glory. The success of the Rothschilds is too woll known to need repetition here; one of that family, however, was (in 1858) the first Hebrew to enter the British Parliament, from which his race had been before exclud ed. In that year a statute was passed, allowing either house to dispense with the clause in the oath requiring the mem ber to swear "upon the true faith ot a Christian," whenever in its opinion the public interest required it. Proclaimed in the United States and France, the rights of the Jews were recognized in Holland, Belgium, Denmark, parts of Germany, Canada and Jamaica, and in 184-9, throughout uennaoy, iiaiy, Hangary, and finally in Norway and England. Among their MOST ZKALOrS DITZXDEB8 Were the Frenchman Gregoire, the Pole Czacki, the German Weltker, the Irish man O'Connell. the Englishman Lord John Russell, the Italian DAzeglio, and the Hungarian Eotvos, all Christians; the Jews by descent Borne and Disraeli, and the professing Jews Jaoobsaohn, Tugenhold, Riesser, Philipssobn, Mon tefiore and Cremieux. The revolutionary movement of 184H-V proved the immense progress of the Jews as well as public opinion since the days of Mendolssohn and Leasing. The Jews Cremioux, Good ohaux and Fou hi (Minister of State) were among tho ministers of tho French republic, rinohorle was a member of the Provisional Government of Yenioe. Jacobt, of Uonigsborg, was leader of the opposition in the Berlin Parliament. Ruisser was Vico President of that of Frankfort. Dr. Fischhof stood at the head of affairs in Vionua after the flight of the Court. Muisols, tho Rabbi of Cracow, was elected to thoAustrian Diet by the Polish patriots. Jows wore offi cers of high rank in the Hungarian army, chiof of whom was the Adjutant Fround, afterwards Mahmond Pasha during the war in Turkey. And here let me quote the words of an eloquent East ern journalist, spoken at the fair given in aid of the BALTIMORE HEBREW ORPHAX ASYLUM! History records no such wonderful ex ample as that of the proscribed Hebrew raoe, though wearv centuries of oxile and persecution, clinging to tho faith of their fathors, and keeping unsullied the mem ory of their former greatness. They have kept alive the sweet intluoncos of home; the altar fires of love and affection have blazed brightly on their family hearths; virtue and charity have beon their watch words, and in thoir obedience to moral and physical laws they have taught a les son to ruoro pretentions poonlo, who, while claiming a greater . degree of progress and intelligence, have Lad their social systems stain ed with dark blots of evil. Literature, science, art and politics stand indebted to thorn, charity and beneficence have spread wherever they have found a home, and to-day we feel that they have conduced to the prosper ity of the Republio, and may bo looked upon as a factor that will help to bring about the era for which we all so earnest ly long that of universal poace aud God-liko liborty. To-day the world contains about 5,500,000 Hebrews. Through the blessing of God, thoir long night of sorrow seems to havo drawn to a close, and tho glorious spirit of tho nineteenth century, addressing them in cheering acceuts. exclaims, " Veritai, ros liberabit, the truth shall make you freo. THE ENTERTAINMENT. Mr. Cohen's address was a masterly effort, and well dolivored. At the close he was loudly applauded, to which he responded with a noat bow. Mr. M. Wallner then sang a beautiful Gorman ballad which was woll rendered and well received. Following this came Mr. Lou Hartman.who recited "Kate Malone" in a very praiseworthy manner. Ro sponding to the encore he gavo a humor ous selection called "Mother and Son." Miss Jennie Greenborg, whom we saw for the first time last evening, surprised the audience by her beautiful rendition of the "Magnetio Waltz." Miss Groon berg is yet a mere girl, but she possosses an extraordinary swoot voico. For one so young little was expected, but much was accomplished. Hor seoond song, "A lock of My Mother's nair," was a charming littlo ballad, and sang in a charming manner. At the conclusion of this programmo dancing was com menced, and continued up to a late hour. All in all it was quite an enjoy ablo affair. A Cloud in the Sky Tho Unitod States as a Nation is booming. Every department of in dustry is prospering wonderfully; from furm, workshop, mino every where, tho roport comes that, as a pcoplo, tho inhabitants of the United Statos are prospering exceed ingly. There is bu t one cloud in tb sky, one thing which threatens the future peace und integrity of tho country. Swiftly, moreswiftly than tho pooplo generally realize, tbe wealth of the country is being gath ered into corporations, and tho lands aro boing absorbed in great estates. When a man owns more land than ho can cultivate, then a wrong is bo ing porpotrated upon every poor man who Deeds, but has not, a garden, and the tendency of aggregated cap ital is liko that of accumulated snow. It may molt quietly, and with its distribution make a harvest for tho poor in tho valleys bolow, or it may take on tho attributes of tho ava Iancho and sweep everything bofore it. The particular corporations which aro becoming a torror to the country aro railroad corporations. In fifty years they havo become so tor riblo a power that now ono can count on ono's fingors tho men who aro almost more potent than tho Gov ernment itself. They are bo con. nected with mon's everyday business that to patronize them is an absolute necessity. Railroads aro tho iinpcr. ative needs of the modern world. One can pursue noither business nor pleasure without them, and henco it is not strango that they absorb tue bulk of the profits of tho country. In fifty years they have become such a menace to free government that in a little while more it will bo neces sary tor tho Government in sheer srlt.ueieoseto appraise and condemn the great trunk lines. But tho dan ger from land monopoly is even more insidious than that from rail road monopoly. An outraged com munity can nso up and build an op position railroad, but when a tew men have secured tbe titles to all tbe land, what can be done then? The respective conditions of Ireland and France to day reveal the differ ence which comes between a people tilling their own soil and paying rent to landlords for forbidden acres. Tbe wrong existed in France -until tbe unspeakable sorrows ot the rieople culminated in a fearful re vo lition. When tbe dreadful bath of blood which followed washed the mists from the eye of the people, they passed a law that made wills and testaments of rcalproporty of no effect. The result is that one-fourth of tho population of France aro owner of real estate, and Franco has tho most prosperous, pntriotio and happy people in Kuropo. it is natural that it should bo so. There is nothing that makes tho heart of men bo cling to a country as to foci that their littlo children aro at play under tho trees which they tho fathers planted. This country can bo uiudo the samo way. It can bo douo peaceably it tho remedy is applied soon; if, in our carelessness, tho mattor is left to drift on unothor fifty years, it will require blood baths hero, a it did in Franco, to clear men's visions. The remedy should coino in tho form of a law, which should give men and companies nil tho land that they could cultivate, and dividing tho roraainder among tho Americans who still want homes. Match Watching-. Having obtainod a really serviceable articlo, you should, in order to produce satisfactory nuulU, follow out thoso rules: Wind up your watch every day at tho samo hour. This is generally dono at the hour we retire to rost; or, perhaps better still, the hour we rise. Avoid putting a watch on a marble slab or anything excessively cold. Tho sudden transition from boat to cold contracting the metal may sometimes causo the main-spring to break. In deed, the cold coagulates tho oil; and the whool work and pivots working less freely affect tho regularity of the time keeper. When we lay our watch aside we ought to slope it on a watch case, so as to koep it nearly in the same position as it has in the pocket. In laying asido your watch be sure that it rests on itscaso.as by sus pending it free tho action of the balance may cause oscillation, which may con siderably intorfero with its going. If you would keop your watch clean you must bo quite sure that the case fits firmly, and nevor put it into any poekot bat ono made of leather. Thoso pockets which are lined with cloth, ootton or cal ico give, by tho constant friction, a cer tain quantity of fluff, which enters most watches, even those tho cases of which shut firmly. If the watch is not a "koyloss" one, the key should be small, iu order that we may fool tho rosistanoe of tho stop work; then wo can stop in time without forcing anything. It is also necessary that the square of the key should cor respond with that of the watch: If it bo too large, it may in a short time cause tho wind up square to suffer from undue wear aud tsar; tho rectifying of which is rather expousivo. Tho hands of an ordinary watch can bo turned backward without much risk. It is, howover, always better to move the hands forward to adjust your watch to correct time. A skillful watchmaker ono day thus reasoned with a oustomor whoooniplainod of his watch: "Youoooiuplainod" said ho, "that your watch gains a minute in a month. Woll, thon, you will congratu late yoursolf when you have heard me. You are aware that in your watch tho balance, which is the regulator, makos fivo oscillations every second, which is four hundred and thirty-two thousand a day; so that your watch exposed to all tho vicissitudes ot hot tfl& cold, tho varying w Ight of tho air, and tho shak ing to whi.ih it is subjected to, has not variod moro than a minute a month, or two seconds a day. It has only acquired with each vibration of tho balance a va riation of the two hundred and sixteen thousandth part of a second. Judge, then, what must be tho extreme porfoo tion ot the mechanism of this watch." A watch cannot go for an indefinite period without being repaired or clean od. At tho expiration of a certain time the oil dries up, dust accumulates and wear aud tear aro inovitablo results to tho wholo machinory, the functions be coming irrogular, and froquontly ceas ing to act altogether. A porsou pos sessing a watch of good quality, and desirous of preserving it as such, should have it cloanod every two years at least. But care should be takon to coufido this cloaning or repairing to caroful hands; an incapable workman may do great injury to a watch even of tho simplost construction. Queen Victoria and Her Predeces sors. Quoon Victoria has attainod hor Clstear,nn ago excoodod by elovon only of the Sovereigns of England, dating from the Norman conquoBt, namely: Honry I, who lived to the age of C7; Hon ry III, who lived 05 years; Edward I, who lived to be C7; Edward III, who attainod CD years; Queen Elizuboth, who rcachod C9 years; James II, who lived 118 years; Oeorge I. f7 yoars; George II, 77 years; George III, H2 years; Goorge IV, (38 years, and Willliiun IV, who livod to be 72 years. On the 20th of June she will have roignod ovor England 43 yoars, a poriod which has not not boon exceoded by more than four English Sovereigns, viz., Henry III, who reigned 5(5 years; Edward III, who roignod CO years; Queen Elizabeth who reigned 45 yoars; and George III, who reigned for the long periods of GO years. Mr. Ruhki.v, in reply to a letter addressed to him on the subject of tbe Lord Jtectorsbip of Glasgow Uni versity, says: "What in tho devil's namo have you to do with eithor Mr. Disraeli or Mr. Gladstone? You are University studonts, atid have bo more to do with politics than with rat catching. I care no more for Disraeli or Gladstone than for two old bagpipos; but I hate all liberal ism as I do Beelzebub." Into one of our largest drr goods stores entered a gentleman the other day, and with the air of one who bad been used to this sort of thing all his life, you know, he said to the astonished sales woman: "Give me a yard of maroon colored flannel to match a babr, please." Correcting himself hastily, he began attain: "I beg pardon; 1 mean a yara of flannel to match a maroon-colored baby here (producing a bit of flannel from his vest pocket), I want yard of that." AGRICULTURAL. POINTS of a good cow. Mr. Henry Stewart, In the Rural Nev Yorker, gives the following as the chief characteristic of a good cow the points being so woll defined that any one can make the selections. They are also in accordance with the results of experi ence: "The extremities should be delicately formed; the tail long and thin, except at its root, which should be large and strong; the muzzle should bo fine; the head long, flut and thin, but broad across the eyes, to give room for a large brain, which is the foundation for a highly de veloped and activo nervous system; the horns fine, thin and noatly curved; the eyes bright and activo, agreeing with the active brain, but calm, quiet and mild in expression, significant of a quiot, con tented disposition, and one not readily disturbed or worriod. As the secretions of tho body all come from the blood, aud at a rich, yellow color is dosired in tho butter, so the skin should bo filled with a yellow pigment, and tho inside of tho ears aud the thighs, and tho othor places where tho hair is light and the skin plainly visible, should be of a rich orange eolor, so the scales or ear-wax should bo of tho same eolor. The hair should be flno, smooth and silky; and in short the wholo appearance should be satisfying to the eye, and consistent one part with auothor and woll balanced." CONCERTINO, onions. Onions are eaten to a greater extent than any garden vegetables raised with tho exception of cabbages. With many they serve tho double purpose of food and oondimcut. Some persons who ab hor their odor and dislike their taste eat thorn because they are nutritions and conducive to health. In many portions of Europe whore laud is scarce, and peo ple desire to produce all the food from it tlioy cau, onions are raisod to a large ex tent. Thoy take tho place of butter and choose in supplying a relish to coarse bread. Thoy aro sliced in vinegar and eaten raw, niado into soup, and cooked boiling and frying. In the warm coun tries of Southern Europe onions take the place of cabbages aud potatoes to a great extent. It is somewhat singular that onions are not fed in considerable quantities to poultry anil all kinds of live stock. Fowls of all variotios are extremely fond of them, and dorive great benofit from eating thorn. Besides serving all the purposes ottrue food, they aid digestion and tend to ward off disease. Thoy may bo fod raw or cooked. Chickens will eat not only the bulbs, but the loavos whon ohippod up and mixed with dough. Chickens that aro allowod onions pre pared in this way rarely, if evdr, are troublod with the cholera. Chickens that eat onions are not likely to be in tested by vermin. One of tho host kinds of food for laying hons during the winter consists of cooked meat, potatoes aud onions. Onions are cheaper than pepper to food to poultry, and they answer the same purposes. Almost all kinds of stook are fond of onions, and thore is gonorally oonsider ablo difficulty in kooping them from eat ing tliom. Of course they should not be fod to milk oows, owing to tho odor and flavor thoy impart to milk.but other kinds of stock may eat onion, not only without dotrimont, but with groat advantage. All animals dolight inoondimonts, and thoro is nothing in the lino of rolishos that thoy will eat as readily as thoy will onions. For young stock they should be chipped up and fod with graiu and meal, but for largo animals thoy roqulro no prepara tion. Onions that aro largo onough to bo salable iu soason whon thev aro tolorftbl high are exponsive food for stock, but thore are always many that are too small or ill-shaped to sell. To grow onions on a large scale to ad vantage the ground should be prepared itt the fall, as the seeJ should bo planted almost as soon as the frost irives the soil in the spring. As onions are gross cod ers the land on which thoy are planted should bo vory heavily matured. To pro vont trouble with weods tho fertilizers appliod should be free from soeds, which will ordinarily germinate boforo tho onion seoJ will. Well rotted stable mauuro is excellent and so are tho fer tilizers propared from moat, iilood, and osher slaughterhouse refuse. Ashes and salt are also good fertilizers for this crop. The first causo the young pliuits to grow rapidly and tho last will destioy many insocts. Coarse and rank manuros aro not dosirablo. Onions should not be harvostod till the weather bocomos tolerably cool in the fall, though thoy will ripon quite early in the season. The moisture should be allowed to dry from them be fore thoy are storod away. They should be kept whore the temperature is good and is tolorably dry. if they are aided by heat aud moisturo they will shrivel and become unfit for cooking purposes, and. of course, for the market. An ordinary cellar is too moist and too warm for preserving onions. An exten sive onion grower makos, for keeping onions, as deep a pit as he can with plow in a dry, sheltered place near the house, scraping out all the loose dirt with a hoe and putting in some chaff op straw from the straw stack, and tramping down well. Then he hauls the onions from where they grew, and piles them iu carefully on this, aud puts more chuff on top and covers up with a foot of dirt from each side and packs it smooth with the spade, where they can remain a part or all of the winter, or until wanted. Thb New Orleans Picayune says: "Within tho past six weoks over 4 ono noo standard silver dollars have been distributed by the Now Orleans mint. Undor the new regulations this coin has come to play a very im portant part in our financial system. There bus been a steady flow to the country parishes, to Texas and to the South Atlantic States. These coins are coming rapidly into favor among tho negroes throughout tho cotton Statu, and the prospects are that several millions will be absorbed dur ing the season, and become a part of the circulating medium of tbe in terior." They are vory well suited for circulation in rudely developed commercial communities. TT wlin 1nva to read and knows how to reflect, has laid by a perpetual feast for his old age.