THE CORVALLIS GAZETTE, FRIDAY, JUNE 26,1891.
IKSUKD K7KRV FRIDAY MOKSIKO BY
PRAlTKr CONOVER.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
Per Year S3 00
Six Months, 1 00
Tliree Months, 75
ingle Copies c
er Year (when not paid in advance). 2 50
The inventor of that nonsensical
phrase "sweet girl graduates" has
much- to answer for just about this
season of the year. Roseburg Re
view Southern California's prune
erop will be a failure this year.
This will be a big year for Oregon
prunes, cultivated in a country
where crops never fail. Astorian.
The Missouri river plays queer
pranks when the spirit of the spring
flood is upon it; but it never did
anything so extraordinary as that
which it threatens now. The river,
swollen with the June rise from the
mountains, is cutting a new chan
nel neer St. Joseph, which threat
ens to leave that city, wharves,
warehouses, steamboats and all,
two miles from the water, with a
$1,000,000 railroad bridge span
ning a mile or more of dry land.
This is what may happen when a
great river runs between mud
banks. Fancy the Columbia try
ing to eut a new channel through
its bulwarks of basalt. Oregonian.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE UPPER
WILLAMETTE.
The agitation of the question of the
improvement of the Columbia river
has fbp the past few years caused that
of the improvement of the Willamette
above this city to be pushed into the
background. It is a not unusual illus
tration of the greater interest absorbing
the less, and the exponents of the
lesser interest? iu this instance have
shown remarkable patience and for
bearance. While it is true that lail
roads have in a great degree succeeded
steamboats as the common carriers of
the Willamette valley, the fact remains
that many farmers and shippers are
loyal to the river and. find it both to
their profit and convenience to use
nature's highway in transporting their
products to market and their wares to
the interior.
An unobstructed waterway, from the
fact that no man or corporation can
monopolize its privileges, is the pro
ducing element's safeguard against mo
nopoly in the- carrying trade. The
farmers and tradespeople along the
river are the main persons who look
back' upon the steamboat era of the
Willamette valley as a season of pros
perity. It succeeded the stage coach,
freight wagon and pack horse era natur
ally and completely. As naturally, but
for obvious reasons not as fully, the
railroad era has succeeded, that of the
steamboat, and with this the great ma
jority of travelers and shippers are well
content
There remains, However, an ele
ment representing valuable and grow
ing interests a'ong the river that clings
to-the steamboat as a means of trans
portation from the simple fact that it is
cheaper and more convenient to ship
by water than by rail. They desire,
and, with reason, demand that the Wil
lamette river shall receive such atten
tion from the general government and
its engineers as will keep it in fair
boating.-, stage during the greater por
tion of the year as high up as Corvallis.
That this- can be done without any
great outlay of public funds has been
fully demonstrated. That it should
be done is clear. The policy of the
government so- far as the Willamette
river is concerned has been a most
niggardly one, and, like all niggardly
efforts in connection with the expend
iture of money on water-ways, it has
been exensive and unsatisfactory.
A few wingdams have been construct
ed in summer to help boats over sand
bars for the season; there has been
some snag pulling and dyking sufficient
to get the grain surplus along the river
to market for a singleyear, after which,,
the money giving out, the government
force bas been withdrawn and the un
completed work abandoned to the de
vastations of the next winter's floods
It is no" wonder that this policy pur
sued from year to year has left the
livef in a crippled condition and made
steam boating upon it. anything but
satisfactory.
Major Handbury, after careful in
spection, is of the opinion that the
river could be put in a good- boating
stage for a low water river and main
tained at this point for a reasonable
outlay of money, but he says that with
the present appropriation it will not be
possible to more than pursue the old
plan of temporaiy work. The present
is a good time to impress onr congres
sional delegation with the folly of the
policy pursufd in the improvement of
the Upper Willamette or more prop
erly speaking, perhaps, to recall it to
their minds, since it is not possible
that thev are ignorant of the wasteful
and insufficient method heretofore pur
sued in the improvement of this sec
tion of a valuable waterway. An ap
propriation of a few thousand dollars
for this purpose is better than nothing.
since it relieves present stress, but it is
easy in a few years to absorb a large
sum of money fey following such a
policy as this without having anything
in the end to show for it. Oregonian
COUNTY EOADS.
(Graduating essay read at the 0. A. C, by
Joe F. Alexander, class of 1891.)
The roads of a country are of more bene
fit to the people than is generally supposed.
They belong to that unappreciated class of
blessings, the value and importance of
which are not fully felt their uses being so
varied as to render them indispensible, and
to cause their origin to be forsotten.. But
for one moment imagine our condition with
out them. With no means of communica
tion our condition would be but little better
than that of the savage; to the condition of
our roads we owe advancement in educa
tion, industry wealth and science. Upon
the number of county roads in a commu
nity rests the development of people and
their lands. Most farmers are not aware of
the fact that they are in a great measure
dependent upon the roads for their pros
perity. If the roads are good, coupled
with other circumstances, the farmers will
be prosperous; if not, he will be unsuccess
ful. Why is this? Simply because the
benefits from them are so treat. By them
we are benelitted both directly and indirect
ly. Directly, fur the reason that every
thing taken to and from market has to be
hauled over them. To reap the fullest
benefit, this must be done at the minimum
cost, and this can only be attained by the
improvement of the roads, which saves the
wear and te-ir on horses and wagous, and
greatly reduces the cost of carriage. In
directly, by being brought into easy reach
of cities and towns that afford a ready mar
ket for their produce, and decreases the
cost of their supplies. Good roads are also
of great social importance. In a- country
where ths roads are few and bad, the peo
ple do not have much intercourse with one
another. Iu fact, they become like a pond
of water without an outlet, soon becoming
stagnant.- To prevent this condition of
affairs, good roads are a necessity as they
bring the people into intercourse with one
another and encourage them to exchange
ideas with, anil introduce improvements
from the outside world. The farmers of
Oregon do not seem much interested in the
subject of their county roads, and I ven
ture to- say, that if they would spend less
'time iu discussing politics, free trade, pro
tection, national finance, etc., and pay
more attention to the improvement of their
roads and highways, that their neighbor
hood would be greatly benefitted. The
farmer who has to take his produce to
market over bad roads, cannot compete
with him who has the advantage of good
nad facilities. The price of all commodi
ties at the market being fixed by the mai
kets of the world, the farmer gets the same
for what he sells, and pays the same for
what he buys whether he has to haul over
bad roads or good, whether he lives .one
mile or ten from the station. So the whole
cost of hauling comes out of his pocket,
and to make this as small as possible, the
roads should be improved.
Let ns now briefly discuss the essential
qualifications of good roads. If practica
ble a road should be made straight, as an
unnecessary excess of length involves a
great amount of time, labor ond capital in
building and keeping in repair the unneces
sary length. Very frequently this general
rule cannot be adhered to, for obstacles
often necessitate various degrees of curva
ture, as it is sometimes necessary to curve
them on account of economy in construc
tion; such as to avoid swampy or danger
ous locations or large excavations or to reach
points on streams better suited for bridges.
Again, it is often necessary to curve them in
order to avoid hills,- as this is generally
cheaper. Amongst the early settlers
safety and health were considered of
much more importance than ' good road
facilities, and consequently the . rules
of road making were not generally complied
with.
The houses were usually built on hill tops
to escape the poisonous miasma and the
scalping knives of hostile savages. The
first roads were merely foot paths, being
traveled only by men and pack horses, and
therefore followed the shortest, though
steepest routes. These paths were next
turned into roads for wagons, and finally
these random tracks became the legal high
Ways. Another reason given for the poor
location of some of onr roads, is that farm
ers will not allow them to run through
their farms in a winding line. They attach
more importance to the squareness of their
fields than to the improvement of their
roads. They do not seem to be aware of
the fact that more labor is wasted iu travel
ing over steep roads- and around unneces
sary corners than there would be in culti
vating an awkward corner of a field. Iu
our own state this is carried to such an ex
tent that the roads have to be run along the
section and sub-section lines, so that if the '
farmer wishes to pay hi neighbor a social
or business visit, he has to travel in rectan
gular zigzags, after going two or three miles
out of his way. Such a method should not
be prepetuated, but should be dropped as
soon as possible.
Secondly, other things being equal, every
road should be nearly level. If not, the
load will have to be greatly diminished, as
a great part of the strength of the animal
is exerted in overcoming the hill. Inclina
tions being always injurious are especially
so where a single slope' occurs in a lotig line
of comparatively level road, because the
load has to be reduced to what can be
hauled over this hill. ' It is generally
deemed cheaper to go half a mile around a
hill than to go over one one hundred feet
high. If possible to avoid it, a road should
never have a grade of more than one foot in
thirty-five, or less than one in one hundred
and twenty-five, as without the latter we
cannot have perfect drainage.
Third; we will consider roads as to their
cross section. Very few roads in this conn
try are properly shaped, and it is seldom
that any attempt is made to shape them at
at all. But when an effort is mde the cress
section is generally that of convex curve, ap
proaching a segment of a circle, which is an
improper form, it being impossible to obtain
perfect drainage in this way. The best cross
section is that of two inclined planes, meet
ing in the center of the road, the degree of
inclination depending upon the sur ace of the
road, it being always greatest where it is
rough. This does not apply to' roads on hill
sides. They should be higher on the out
side, and lower on the inside, the ditch be
ing next the hill. With this exception, all
roads should haye two ditches, as it is an
indisputable fact, that without good drain
age we cannot have good roads. The proper
width of a road depends upon its importance
and the amount of travel over it, its mini
mum being sixteen feet, which is sufficient
to enable two wagons to pass with ease.
A width of thirty feet is sufficient for any
road, except one which forms the approach
to a large city or town, which of course
should be greater. A common road wider
than this is not simply a waste of land, but
also the time and labor necessary to keep it
in repair. Hardness and smoothness of sur
face are the next requirements of a good
road, and without some artificial covering,
these essentials cannot be attained.
Another object of this covering is to pro
tect the road from the action of
the weather, and not to act as an arch to
bear the weight of the vehicle. Among the
substances used for this purpose are gravel,
broken stone, including McAdam and Tel
ford roads, pavements, and roads of wood,
which include corduroy, plank and charcoal.
Of all these the plank road is generally con
sidered the best, because it renders trans
portation so easy, enables such large loads
to be handled with the minimum amount of
horse power, etc, that in some places it has
received the name "the farmers railroad."
In presenting to you this imperfect sketch
of the important principles of road making,
it has not been my intention to go into the
many details, as this- would require more
time than has been given me. But I have
simply endeavored by impressing upon you
a few of the more important principles, to
arouse some interest in this important
though greatly neglected subject. As so
much of the well-being of a country depends
upon its roads, more interest should there
fore be taken in the subject by all classes
of people, and this can only be effected by
a discussion of such subjects.
A S0K0FLTLOUS BOY,
Running Sores Covered His Body
and Head- His Bones Affected.
Cured by Cuticura Remedies.
When six months old, the left hand of our
little grandchild began to swell, and had
every appearance of a large boiL We poul
ticed it, but all to no purpose. About five
months after it became a running sore.
Soon other sores formed. He then had two
of them on each hand, and
as his blood became more
and more impure, it took
less time for them to break
out. A sore came on the
chin, beneath the under
which was very offensiva.
His head was one solid
scab, discharging a great
deal. This was his con
dition at t.w e n t y-t w o
months old when I undertook the care of
him. his mother having died when he was a
litt'e more than a year old, of consumption
(scrofula of course. ) He could walk a little,
but could not get up if he fell down and
could not move when in bed, having no use
of his hands. I immediately commenced
with the Cuticura Remedies, using all
freely. One sore after another healed, a
bony matter forming in each one of these
five deep ones just before healing, which
would finally grow loose and were taken out;
then they would heal .rapidly. One of these
ugly bone formations I preserved. After
taking a dozen and a half bottles he was
completely cured, and is now, at the age of
s'x years, a strong and healthy child.
May 9, 1885. - Mrs. S. E. Driggs.
612 E. Clay St., Blooinington, III.
My grandson remains perfectly well. No
signs of scroffula and no sores.
Mrs. E. S. Driggs.
Feb. 7, 1890. - Blooinington, III.
Cuticura Resolvent.
The new blood purifier, internally (to cleanse
the blood of all impurities aud poisonous
elements and thus remove the cause), and
Cuticura, the great Skin Cure, and Cuti
cura Soap, an exquisite Skin Beautifier, ex
ternally (to clear the skin and scalp, and
restore the hair), cure every disease and hu
mor of the skin and blood, from pimples to
scrofula.
Sold everywhere, Price, Cuticura, 50c;
Soap, 25; Resolvent, $1. Prepared by the
Potter Drug and Chemical Corporation,
Boston.
43TSend for "How to Cure Blood Diseases."
B TY'QSkin and Scalp purified and beautified
A-li J. Oby Ci'tic-ura Soap. Absolutely pure.
RHEUMATIC PAINS.
IS ONB MINUT8 TUB CUTICURA ANTI-PAIN
Plahtka relieves rheumatic tci.tica, hip,
kidney, chest, and muscular pauis and
weaknesses. Fries, iim.
3 r
Clothing',
Hats,
Furnishing' Goods,
Etc.,
In the Dr. Farra Block, Corvallis, Oregon,
Commencing:
SATURDAY, MAY SOth,
And continuing until the goods are
all closed out.
COME EARLY AND SECURE BARGAINS
WILL FECHTER,
Agent.
Type-Writers,
New and Second-Hand.
TYPE - WRITING SUPPLIES,
Fins Liaea and Carbon
General Agent for "SMITH PREMIER" Type-Writer, EDISON
"MIMEOGRAPH," Automatic Steel Copying Presses, Cook's Auto
matic Postal Scales and Rival Filing Cabinets.
I can furnish you with a complete Office Outfit. Send for Catalogue.
F. W. EEYNOLDS,
29, Stark Street, Portland, Oregon.
The Gl
By going" to Kline's to buy
Parasols for the Fourth of July.
Parasols for the Fourth of July.
Mits for the Fourth of July.
Mits for the Fourth of July.
Gloves for the Fourth of July.
Gloves for the Fourth of July.
Laces for the Fourth of Tuly,
Laces for the Fourth of July.
Ribbons for the Fourth of July.
Bibbons for the Fourth of July.
Fans for the Fourth of July. .
Fans for the Fourth of July .
Summer Dresses for the Fourth of July.
Summer Dresses lor the Fourth of July.
Summer Suits for the Fourth of July.
. Summer Suits for the Fourth of July.
Shoes for the Fourth of July.
Shoes for the Fourth of July.
Ilalf Shoes for 1he Fourth of July.
Half Shoes for the Fourth of July.
Also Canned Meats, Fruits and Vegetables that will make
your lunch for the Fourth of July, 1891.
Corvallis,
OF.
Papers, Ribbons, etc.
onous
Oregon.
A. HODES,
PKOPKIETOB OF THE
Rorvalus Bakery
And Dealer in Choice
Staple and Fancy Groceries.
PURE WINES MD LIfORfe
Fresh Bread, Cakes, Pies, Crackers, Etc.,
kept constantly on hand.
Corvallis, -- Oregon.
stimulate the torpid liver, strengthen'
the digestive organs, regulate the bowels
and are unequaled ae an . ,
ANTI-BILIOUS MEDICINE.
In malarial district their virtues ara
widely recognized, as they possess pecu
liar properties in freeing- the system from,
that poison. Elegantly sugar-coated.
Dose small. Price, 25 cents per bos.
SOLD EVERTWHEEE,
Office, 39 & 41 Park Place, H". Y.
EAST AND SOUTH
VIA
Southern pacific Routb
Shasta Line.
Express Trains Leave Portland Daily.
SOUTH.
Lv Portland 7:00 p. m.
Lv Albany 10:23 p. tn.
NORTH
Lv San Frisco 9:00 p m
Lv Albany. :22 a m
Ar Portland 9d5 a m
at ran rrisco iu:15a.m.
AhnvA trains atat. nnv o fn!ltic!ii u..tn .t
. , V"'J '.v-ufg oM.vtuiio norm
of Roseburg, East Portland, Oregon City, Wood
burn, Salem, Albany, Tangent, Shedds, Halsey, Har
risburg, Junction City, Irving, Eugene.
RoBehnrg Mail Daily.
Lv Portland. . ..8:00 a. m. LVRoseburg 6:20 a. m
Lv Albany. ...12:20 p. m. Lv Alb.,y 12:00m
Ar Roseburg. .. .6:40 p m Ar Portland ....4:U0pm
Albany Local Daily Except Sunday.
lkavk: arkite:
Portland 5:00 p. m. I Albany 8:00 p, m
Albany 5:00 a. m. Portland 9:00 a. m
Lebanon Branch.
2:36 p m. ..Lv. .. Albany Ar...9:25 p m
3:25 p m..Ar. ..Lebanon.. .Lv.. .8:40 p m
7:30 a m. . Lv. .. Albany. ...Ar... 4:26 pm
8:22 a m. . Ar. . .Lebanon. ..Lv . ..3:40 u ra
Pullman Buffett Sleepers:
TOURIST SLEEPING CARS,
For accommodation of second-class
passengers, attached to Express Trains.
West Side Division.
BETWEEN PORTLAND AND CORVALLIS.
Hiil Trail. Daily Izespt Sunday.
LKAVK. AKRIVK.
Portland 7:30a.m. i Corvallis 12:10 p. n
Corvallis 12:55 p.m. I Portland 6:30 p. m
At Albany aud Corvallis connect with trains of the
Oregon Pacific Railroad.
Express Train. Eaily Except Sunday.
LKAVK.
Portland 4:40 p. m.
HcMinnville. . . ,5:45 a. m.
ARRIVE.
McMinnville... 7:25 p. m
Portland 8:20 a. m
THROUGH TICKETS
to all points
South and East.
For tickets and full information regarding
rates, maps etc., call on company's agent at
Corvallis.
E. P ROGERS, Asst. G. F. & P. Agent.
R. KOEULER Maoaver.
THE
Yaquiha Route
Oregon Pacific Ra ilroad .
T. E. Hogg, Receiver, and
' Oregon Development Co.'s
STEAMSHIP LINE.
235 Miles Shorter; 20 Honrs Less time
than by any other route. First class
through passenger and freight line from
Portland all points in the Willameite valley
to and from San Francisco, Cal. -
TIME SCHEDULE (except Sundays.)
Leaves Albany 1:00 p. m
Leave Corvallisl:40 p a.
Arrive Yaauina 5:30 p. m
I Leaves Yaquina6:4S s. m
Leave Corvallis 10:85 "
I Arrive Albany 11:10 a. m.
Oregon & California trains"coflne'ct at' Albany and
Corvallis. The above trains connect at Yaquina with
the Oregon Development Co.'s line ol steamships be
tween Yaquina and San Francisco.
From Yaquina.
SteamshiD "Willamette Valley," June
4th, 13th, 22nd.
From San Francisco. .
Steamship "Willamette Valley," May
31st, June 9th, 18th, 27th.
This Company 'eseryes the right to chang sailing
dats without notico. '
N. B. Passengers from Portland and all
Willamette valley points can make close
connection wfth the trains of the .Yaquina
route at Albany or Corvallis, and if destined
to San Francisco should arrange to arrive at
Yaquina the evening before date of sailing.
Passenger and freight rates always the
lowest For information apply to D. W.
Cummins, freight and ticket agent,. Corval
lis, or to C. C. HOGUE,
' Gen. F. and P. Agent, Oregon Pa
cilic Railroad Co., Corvallis, Or,
W. B. WEBSTER.
Gen. F. and P. Agent. Oregon Develop
ment Co., 304 Montgomery St., S. F., CaL
Main St., Op. Cameron's Store..
A quiet room. Good Books. Current Pa.
pers aud Periodicals. The public invited.
Strangers especially welcome.
Per Order of W. C. T. U.
OTurnished rooms (up stairs) to Teat,
wm