%
BEDROCK DEMOCRAT,
R A T E S OK A D V E R T IS IN G i
PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY,
BY
J . M . S I I E P I _ I E R D .
Office in P ierce’s H a ll.
T erm s of S u bscription :
One year,.................................................. 4 oo
Six Months,............................................. 2 50
YOL. 4.
BAKER CITY, BAKER COUNTY, OREGON, JANUARY 21, 1874.
C orrespondence from all portions o f I
BUSINESS NOTICES.
Eastern Oregon is solicited for the D emocrat . 1
All communications, to receive attention,
must be accompanied by a responsible name. J. P. A tw ood, M. D.
Personal communications will be charged (Graduate of the Medical Department ot
»special advertisements.
the Willamette University,)
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
S . M . P E T T E X O I L L A C O ., IO .State
Street, Boston, 37 Park How, New York,
and 7ol Chesluul Street, Pluludelphia, are
our A gen t* lor procuring advertisements
for th e B e d r o c k D e m o c r a t , to the above
cities, a n d ure authorised to contract lor
a d v e rtis in g at our lowest rates.
n3tf
n23]
I tf
BAKER CITY, OREGON.
DIIS, PRICE
&
i D
I T O E a l S B 'y ,
E
T
T
NEWSOM,
I S
T
S
BAKER
would
respectfully call the attention of
FARM ERS and FRUIT UROWERS
Fruit Trees and Shrubbery,
both useful and ornamental, lor which I will
sell low for "MONISH.”
HEND FOlt CATALOGUE.
Address,
H. J. GEER,
Cove, Union County,
nl71y
Oregon-
P R O F E S S I O N A L CARDS.
,
T. C. HYDE,
S te rn s & H y d e ,
Attorneys Mini Counselors At-I.aw.
BAK E R CITY, OREGON.
L. O. S terns will attend the Courts of the
Fifth Judicial District, and of Idaho and
Washington Territories.
Water Rights and Mining Litigation a
DENTAL PROFESSION.
All work Warranted. Office One Door be
low the CITY DRUG STORE.
Baker City, Oregon.-n7y
lilt. D. D. STEPHENSON,
ESPECTFULLY INFORMS THE CITI-
zein of Baker City and vicinity that he
R
will soon be with them again prepared to do
J. 23. G^ARDlsrEK,
Collections promptly attended to.
June lb, 18<3.n6y
ANDREW J, L A W llliM ,
Attorney-at-Law,
WATCHMAKER AND JE vYELER,
B A K E R C ITY, OREGON.
ILL PRACTICE IN ALL CO CRTS
of the State.
Baker City, Sept. 1, 1873. nl7y.
I. D. HAINES,
P
ttorney
and
cou n selor
Law, Baker city, Oregon*
at
[nltf
J. M. S H E P H E R D ,
ESTABLISHED IN BAKER CITY IN 1867,
Keeps constantly on hand a well assorted
Stock of
WATCHES, CLOCKS I JEW ELRY,
and is prepared to do all kinds of work in
his lir.e of business.
Waltham and Elgin Watches at Factory
n31
Prices
[ tf.
A .t t o r n e y a t - L a w ,
"W e ste rn H o t e l.
BAKER CITY, OREGON.
MAIN STREET,................................... BAKER CITY.
S. V. KN O X,
R EID & FLETCHER, Prop’r.
Attorney at L aw ,
(And Notary Public,)
WESTON, O R E G O N .
Will practice in the Courts o f this State and
Washington Territ jry.
O FECIAL AITENTION PAID TO LAND
k j Business, and Collections.
ul3tf
J O S E P H H. S H I N N ,
Notary Public
AND
C o n v e y a n c e r,
Will attend to Conveyancing and making
ABSTRACTS OF TITLE.
Baker City, Sept. 11,1872.
n l 8 tf
E. W. REYNOLDS,
K OTAItY
PUBLIC
AND
DEPUTY U. S. MARSHAL.
Office with John Brattain, Three Doors
South of B edrock D emckat office,
on side of the Street.
C liin e s e P h y s ic ia n ,
Has located permanently in
b a k e r
r p H I S HOUSE has been enlarged and re-
X iitted, and is now the best Hotel on the
Umatilla and Idaho stage route.
Stages leave this House for above and be
low, and also for Clark’s Creek Eldorado,
Gem City and Sparta,
Connected with the Hotel will be found a
first class
•
S A L O O N !
Liquors, Wines and Cigars of the best
quality. Phelan’s Improved Billisrd Tables
all in good order.
N. B.—Those indebted to either the Hotel
or Saloon are requested to appear at the
Captain’s office and settle.
no5v3tf.
COSMOPOLITAN SALOON.
W
c it y ,
And can be found at J. W. Cleaver’s Old
Cabinet »hop, which he has iitted up as au
Office and Apothecary Store.
All diseases incident to the Human Family
can be cured by this Physician.
Particular attention paid to cases given up
as incurable by other Physicians.
DR. Yu UK CHU.
Baker City, Sept. 8 ,1873.-nl8n8o
2Proclamation.
W J HEREAS, UNDER THE ACT
in the most substantial manner.
Baker City, March 12,1873.n44tf.
OF
W
the Legislative Assembly of the State
of Oregon, entitled “ Au Act to Protect Liti
gants,” Approved October 24,1870, the B ed
rock D em ocrat , a newspaper published at
Baker City, Baker County, Oregon, has been
designated to publish the Legal and Judicial
Advertisements foi the counties ot Baker and
Grant, in Oregon; and whereas, the Propri
etor of said B edrock D emocrat has hied
with the County Clerks of said Counties
written stipulations accepting the conditions
of said Act, together with Bonds, approved
as the law directs, with proper returns and
notices thereof to this office, according to law.
NOW, Therefore, the B edrock D emocrat
is hereby proclaimed to be appointed and
confirmed as the medium through which ail
Legal aud Judicial advertisements for the
counties o f Baker and Grant shall be pub
lished, for the period authorized by law.
Done at the City of »alem, this 27th day of
FeuTuary, A. D. 1873.
[ state seal .)
.
L. F. GROVER,
Attest:
Governor.
8 . F. C h ad w ick ,
Secretary of State.
n44tf
Lime! Lime! Lime!
R
oberts &
N e ls o n
lia v e
on
hand
Lime of good quality, aud will sell at
low rates.
Orders from a distance solicited.
PORTLAND ADVERTISEMENTS.
M ILLARD & VAN SCHUYVER,
89 Front and 40 First street,
PORTLAND, OREGON.
MPORTERS and WHOLESALE DEAL-
ers in Foreign and Domestic Liquors.—
Also,
I
Doors, Windows, and Blinds
n
l
F o r Sale.
A. P. H o taein g ,
)
San Francisco, j
tf
f E. C. L ord .
(.
Portland.
^A_. 3P. H o t a lin g & Co.
Sole Agents for the
J. H. Cutter Oil Bourbon Wbisky,
I L L I A M C O X '.S T A B L E W O U L D
respectfully inform the Public that
he has opened the
And Importers of
C o sm o p o lita n S a lo o n ,
Fine Wines and Liquors,
Corner o f Frort Street and Court Aveniie,
opposite Virtue’s Bank, where be will
be pleased to see and wait upon his friends
and the Public generally. His
431 Jackson Street, San Erancisco,
Baker City, Sept. 3, 1873.nl7m4
AND
25 FRONT STREET, PORTLAND,
n46tf
Oregon.
33 A. 23
Is supplied with the very best o f every
thing In his line. He has a Fine Billiard
Table for the use o f his customers.
Baker City, Dec. 17, 1873.
"32tf
R. M’IN T O S H .
Respectfully offers his services to the Public
• I
D IM M ITT’S
m j
j! C O U C H
§
BALSAM !
2
In the capacity of
TS
THE
NEW EST,
THE
JL CHEAPEST and tne BEST thing in
3E 1 market for all diseases of tho Lungs and
; Throat
m
JOINER AND
D A V I S & . S t U l l LER,
7
CaToinet-Malior.
w
Portland, Oregon, Wholesale Agents.
5
Oct. 29, 1873.-n25n33
All kinds and every
D E S C R IP T IO N
Of Work in Wood neatly and promptly done.
Paker City, Jan. 1 , 1873.tf
S J M’C O R M IC K ,
Importer and Dealer In
Toys, Music AM
L IV E R Y S T A B L E Boots, N Stationary,
E W S P A P E R S,
GEIER & K E L L O G G
Having completed their New Stable,
have now the finest and best regulated
L i v e r y S ta b le
In E a s t e r n O r e g o n ,
Where they will carry on the Livery Busi
ness in all its branches.
STOCK BOUGHT AND SOLD.
Baker City, Nov. 13, 1872. nl3tf
P
A
Y
T J 3 ? ! !.
.
Brown are respectfully requested to
come forward and settle their accounts,
either by Cash or note, immediately.
Ä word to the wise is sufficient.
Baker City, March 26, 1373.
n46if
A
CCP” The B edrock D emocrat has more
f id e , paying subscribers in Baker
County, than has any other two papers pub
lished in the State. We put no man's name
on our subscription list unless we have orders
so to do. _^n
bona
Second Edition.
For the benefit of subscribers in
certain localities, we issue a second
edition of the D em ocrat on every
Monday morning, which contains all
the news of importance received at
this city up to Saturday noon.
Look at the Supplement for first
rate miscellaneous reading matter.
D R . Y O U K CH U ,
all kinds of
S pecialty .
A
For Medicinal purposes. Family Medi
cines carefully prepared. Prescrip
tions accurately compounded,
at all hours o f tho day or
n8.
night. Give us a cull.
tf
C IT Y , O R E G O N ,
Dental Work,
W
BAKER CITY, OREGON,
W ould respectfully Inform the public that
they have recently received a well se
lected and fresh Stock o f
And are prepared to operate in all branches
of the
to my extensive and varied assortment of
L. O. STEIINS,
N otary P ublic .
Opposite Odd Fellows’ Hall, Main Street,
Have permanently located in
H . J. U tE R , Proprietor.
il K u X 1 » EKSHiN'KD
N
BEDROCK DEMOCRAT.
Drugs,
Chemicals,
Paints, Oils,
Perfumeries,
Patent Medicines,
Soaps,
Wines,
Brandies,
Whiskies and
Cordials,
We are now prepared to do all kinds of
JOB V* OltK on short notice and at reasona
ble rates.
N. B.—All Job Work MUbT BE PAID
FOB ON DELIVEli 1.
H J H ah H
H e w 33ru g Store.
FRANKLIN BOOK-STORE AND SANTA CLAUS’
Headquarters, Fire-proof
Brick Building, 105 Front street, Portland,
n37
Oregon.
DR.
J. R.
[tf
CARDWELL,
Dentist
ENTAL ROOMS, No. 89, First street,
Portland, Oregon. The late and im
D
proved styles of work at reduced rates. Ni
trous oxide for the painless extraction of
teeth.
W.
l l p e r s o n s in d e b t e d t o a . h
f n29tf
H.
WATKINS,
M. D.
PHYSICIAN AND SUBGEON.
FFICE, Odd Fellows’s Building. Resi
dence, corner of Main and Park streets,
Portland, Oregon. [IF’ sSpeei&l attention to
diseases of the Eye and Ear.
| n29
O
P A Y I P.
We have a heavy payment to make
on the first of February, and there
fore are compelled to ask those who
are indebted to ns, either on sub
scription or advertising, to either
bring or send the amount they are
owing us immediately.
What is
coming to us we have earned by hard
labor, and now we are in pressing
need of the money. We are getting
new material and must havo the
money to pay for it.
W a llo w a
V a lle y
.S e t t le m e n t s .
The following important letter was
written by Governor Grover to the
Secretary of the Interior at its date
and forwarded to Washington at the
time of the report of the Commis-
mission appointed by the Interior
Department to assess the value of
the improvements of settlers in Wal
lowa Valley, with a view of vacating
that valley for Joseph’s band of In
dians. We ask a careful perusal of
this letter by our readers, as it sets
forth the whole subject in a clear
light:
S t a t e o f O regon , E x e c u t iv e )
O f f i c e , S a l e m , July 21st, 1873. f
H on . C olumbus D elano , Secretary
of the Interior:
S i r : —I beg leave to call your at
tention to the very grave and impor
tant question now pending before
your Department touching the sub
ject of vacating the Wallowa Valley,
in Union County, Oregon, for the
purpose of securing the same to J o
seph’s baud of Nez Perce Indians,
and to submit the following views
thereon for your consideration.
On and prior to the 11th day of
June, 1855, the Nez Perce tribe of
Indians occupied lands lying partly
in Oregon aud partly in Washington
Territory between the Cascade and
Bitter Root Mountains. On said 11th
day of June, 1855, the said tribe, by
their chief, head men and delegates,
numbering fifty eight officials, made
and concluded a treaty of peace and
boundaries with the United States.
Isaac I. Stevens acting on behalf of
the United States for Washington
Territory, and Joel Palmer for Ore
gon. By said treaty the Nez Percbs
ceded aud relinquished to the United
States all their right, title and inter
est in and to all territory before that
time claimed and occupied by them,
except a certain tract described
therein, specifically reserved from
the ceded lands, as a geueral reserva
tion, for the use and occupancy of
said trite, and for friendly tribes
aud bands of Indians in Washington
Territory. This general reservation
embraced lands lying in part in Ore
gon, including Wallowa (W oll-low-
how) valley.
On the 9th day of June, 1864, a
supplementary and amendatory trea
ty was concluded between the said
Nez Perce tribe and the United
States; the former being represented
by fifty one chiefs, head men and del
egates, and the latter by Calvin H.
Hale, Charles Hutchins and S. D.
Howe, as Commissioners specially
delegated.
By the latter treaty the Nez Perce
tribe agreed to relinquish, and did
relinquish to the United States all
the lands reserved by the treaty o f
1855 excepting a certain specified
tract designated as “ a home, and for
the sole use and occupancy of said
tribe.” By this amendatory treaty
the Nez Perce tribe relinquished to
the United States all the territory
embraced in the reservation created
by the treaty of 1855, which lay with
in the boundaries of the State of Or
egon, including the said Wallowa
valley; so that on and after said 9th
of June, 1863, the Nez Perce tribe
did not lawfully hold or occupy any
lands within the State of Oregon.—
Joseph’s band of Nez Perce Indians
were, in the treaty council for 1855,
and Joseph signed the treaty. Their
action recognized the tribal resolu
tions of their band, and bound all
the persons and territory described
therein. The reservation named be
came the common property of the
whole tribe. Joseph and his band
acknowledged these conclusions also
by accepting the benefits of the trea-
NO. 37.
One »qnare or le**. one insertion,....... W M
Each additional insertion,........................ »
0 ” e square three mouths........................®
Business Advertisements by the month—
Quarter column..................................... $5 00
Half colum n,...........................................10 00
One column,..................... .......... .. .. . . I I 00
Ten per cent, additional on advertisement«
to which a special position is guaranteed.
[J ^ T h e space of one Inch, up ami dowrf
the column, constitutes a square.
N. B.—All debts due this office arcfpayabU’
| in Coin, unless otherwise expressly agreed.
.......... .......... ... ....... iiMiniiirmnirm----------- -
ty of 1855. But Joseph refused to
acknowledge the treaty of 1865,
while a large majority of the chiefs
and head men of the Nez Perce tribe
signed the same. Joseph died in
1871, aDd his sons claim the land
which was relinquished to the Unit
ed States in 1863, including Wallowa
Valley. This claim is based on the
idea that, the baud which they repre
sent were not bound by the treaty of
1863.
The United States had established
the policy of treating with the Indi
ans os tribes and nations. This pol
icy was predicted on the necessary
fact that organized action by the
tribe or nation binds the whole body
and all of its members. The treaty
of 1865, is the organized action of
the Nez Perce tribe, in relation to
land in which the whole tribe had a
common interest. If the Govern
ment shall admit that one sub chief,
ont of more than fifty joined in
council, can by refusing his signa
ture, or absenting himself, defeat
the operation of a treaty, the policy
of making treaties would be value
less and but few treaties would bo
binding. For there exists hardly a
treaty with Indians west of the Rocky
Mountains in which all the sub chiefs
aud head men joined, and against
which they have not positively pro
tested. If we draw our conclusions
from the former practice of the Gov
ernment, or from assimilated cases
of foreign treaties, it must be admit
ted that the treaty of 1863 bound all
the Nez Perces and extinguished the
Indian title to all lands previously
occupied by that tribe lying within
the State of Oregon.
Acting upon this conclusion, by
order of the General Land Office,
bearing date May 28, 1867, the pub
lic lands in Wallowa Valley and vi
cinity were directed to be surveyed
and opened for settlement. The sur
veys made under this order amount
ed to eleven townships, which were
approved May 9, 1868. From time
to time since that period citizens of
this State have become settlers upon
these lands to such an extent, as I
am informed, that eighty seven farms
have been located and preemption
and homestead claims have been filed
thereto in the U. S. Land Office at
La Grande.
Upon this statement of facts, I
urge that the Indian title to the lands
occupied by these settlers has been
doubly extinguished. First, by trea
ty, and second, by force of law. As
the Indians have only a right of oc
cupancy, and the United States have
the legal title, subject to occupancy,
and with an absolute and exclusive
right to extinguish the Indian title
of occupancy, either by purchase,
conquest, or by legal enactment, it
would follow that if the treaty of
1863 did not completely extinguish
the Indian title to the lands in ques
tion, the acts of the Government in
surveying the Wallowa Valley and
opening the same for settlement and
the consequent occupancy of the
same by settlers under the provisions
of the several acts of Congress affect
ing such lands, ana the recognition
of these claims by the local Land
Office of the United States, w oild
work a complete extinguishment of
the Indian title by operation of law,
as far as the occupied lands are con
cerned.
There are othar Chiefs and head
men of the Nez Perces, who did not
sign the treaty of 1863, and who have
refused and still do refuse to ac-
knowledge its binding force. If the
Government shall in this instance
accede to the demands of Joseph’s
band and create a new reservation
for them, or shall admit in their fa
vor the nullity of the treaty of 1863
as far as they are concerned, a score
of like demands from other discon
tented bands connected with other
neighboring tribes, under treaties
negotiated in a similar way, will be
immediately pressed upon the atten
tion of the Indian Bureau. I am
thoroughly persuaded that if the
proposed surrender of the Wallowa
valley, and the adjacent regions, to
these Indians be now consummated
as demanded, the measure, if it
works as a special pacification in this
instance, will cause a general dissat
isfaction, not only with the Nez Per
ces, but with all neighboring tribes
living under treaty relations, and
this character of work will have to
be entered upon and carried out; as
to all.
The declaration made by Congress
March 3rd, 1871, that “ hereafter no
Indian nation or tribe within the
territory of the United States shall
be acknowledged or recognized as an
independent nation, tribe, or power,
with whom the -United States may
contract by treaty,” appears to me to
relieve the Department from entang
ling itself with an effort to reform
past treaties, as such, and to leave
the Indian Office unembarrassed to
adopt such policy as will subserve
the best interests of both whites and
Indians, without submitting its judg
ment to the caprices of untutored
savages.
In addition to what I have nrged
against reestablishing any part of
the Nez Perce Indians in Oregon on
grounds growing oat of this particu-
j lar case, I would respectfully press
upon your consideration the general
policy of the Government hereto*
fore, steadily pursued, of removing
as expeditiously as circumstances
would permit of all Indians from the
confines of tho new Stales, in order
to give them the opportunity of ear
ly settlement and developement, and
to make way for civilization. This
State has alreody ranch of its best
soil withheld from being occupied-
by an industrial population, in favor
of Indians.
The region ot country in Eastern'
Oregon, not b o w settled, and to*
which the Wallowa Valiev is the
key, is greater ill urea than the State
of Massachusetts. It this section o#
our State, which is now occupied by
enterprising white families, should
be remanded to its aboriginal char
acter, and the families sbonld lie re
moved to make roaming ground for
nomadic savages, a very seriou*
check will have been given to tlxf
growth of onr frontier settlements*,-
and to the spirit of our frontier peo
ple in their efforts to redeem1 tb*
wilderness and make it frtiitful of
civilized life.
There is abundant room for
seph’s band on the present NéZ'Feïce
Reservation, and the tribe désiré to
have this bund observe the treaty of
1863. I learn that yonng Joseph’
does not objeot to going on the res
ervation at this time, but that cer
tain leading spirits of his band do
object, for the reason that by so d o
ing they would have to abandon
some of their nomadic habits and
haunts. The very objection which1
they make is a strong reason why
they shonld bo required to do so; for
no beneficial influence can be exert-'
ed by agents and missionaries among*
the Indians while they maintain1
their aboriginal habits. J oseph ’ s
BAND DO NOT DE8IHE WALLOWA V a 'Ü*
LEY FOR A RESERVATION AND FOB A
home .
I understand that they will
not accept it on condition that they
shall o c c u p y it as such. The reason'
of this is obvious; they can have bet
ter land and a more congenial cli
mate at a location which lias been
tendered them upon the Nez Percé*
reservation. This small band wish-
the possession of this large section
of Oregon simply for room to grati
fy a wild, roaming disposition, and
not for a home.
There are but seventy two war
riors of this band. The white set
tlers in the Wallowa country num
ber eighty seven. There are also in'
the Wallowa Valley two incorporat
ed companies, the Wallowa Road and'
Bridge Co., and the Prairie Creek-
Ditch Company. The improvements
of these settlers and companies have
been assessed, as I am informed, by
commissioners appointed under the
direction of your department, to the
amount of 867,860.
Considering that the demands of
Joseph’s band was made during the
period of the apparently successful
resistance of the Modoc outlaws
against the treaty stipulations with*
the Klamaths, and that now the Mo-
docs are subdued, it will doubtless’
be much less expensive to the Gov
ernment and much moro consistent’
with its general Indian policy, to in*-
duce Joseph’s band by peaceable*
means to make their home on thé'
Nez I’erce reservation, than to pur
chase the rightsof white settlers now
in tho Wallowa Valley. The people
of this State have uniformly recog-'
nized the boundaries of legally de
fined Iudian reservations, and have
abstained from attempting to estab*
lish settlements thereon. In all in*
stances of various difficulties between-
settlers and Indians on onr frontier1,
since the reservation system has beerti
extended to Oregon, hostilities harier
resulted rather from Indians refuse
ing to confine themselves to th eif'
treaty limits than from any attempt
of the settlers to encroach upon res
ervations. This was the case with
the Yakimas in 1855, who killed*
three miners outside of their treaty
limita, ancUüien murdered Indian
Agent Bol&td-; who visited them to
remonstrate against their perfidy.—
ThiH was the case last autumn with
the Modocs, and is now the case with
Joseph’s band, in the light in which
the treaty of 1863 has heretofore
been held by the general Govern
ment and by the people of Oregon.
I believe the facts will sustain me
in saying that at all time» and under
all circumstances our ^frontier set
tlers have been as well difepcaed to
ward the Indians, and as moderate
and forbearing as those of any other
frontier, and as much so as the peo
ple of any other State would be un
der like circumstances.
Urgently pressing upon yonr care
ful consideration the pecnliar fea
tures-of this subject, aad on behalf
the interests of this Stfate and o f the
settlers in Wallowa Valley aDd- vi
cinity, asking that the, preliminary
steps taken for the vacation ef- said
valley for the pnrpose of creating'a
reservation for Indians may be re-
: scinded,
I have the honor to be
Your ob’t servant,
L . F. G rovkb ,
Governor of Oregon,,
Chicago boasts of eighty m ile» o#
wooden pavements. If all herblock-
heads had been used for pavements
she would now have eight hundred!