I
STATE RIGHTS DEMOCRAT
ISSUE1 KVEKV FRIDAY
ST
STEWART &
GREY.
m si u rrwr.-u
aUSUas as
trwaeaibvta etreet.
TERMS OP RUUSCRIFTIOX:
InifU co , par yaar f 5 00
lugis cai, tlx ni 1 n tlit , i OS
ts c-io. thrw amatlM 1 00
nt umber 10
j PROFESSIONAL CARDS,
L.W.I. Q. K. ( HAMBKRLAIN.
KLINN 4 CHAMBKKIiAIN,
ATTORKEYxi AT UH,
Albany, tiregon.
jeTt usee Id Poster's Brick r.hn-k.-t
M. S. sTKAU AN. U HII.YM".
STK A H AN is BILYEU,
ATTORNEYS ft C0HH8EL0RS AT LAW
Alhisay , Oregon.
"QRACTTCR IN ALL THE COURTS OF
I. this State. They give specie! atten
tion to enlleeuori and probate matter.
Office tu Foster' uee brick. 4Wf
lTeL MONTANYR
ATTOHNEY AT" T A V
AND
Alfcauay, Oregou.
Office upstairs, over John Brigga store,
i lal wtreet. v 1-tmatr
D. R. N. BLACKBURN,
ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW
Alb any, Oregen.
oce up atalra ta t he Odd Ftllaw's Teas
pie.
t ui lectio us s apeclalt y .
apai.
J. K WEARiERFORD,
(NOTAKY Pl ttLK .)
tTTORNRY AT UW,
iriLL PRACTICE 1M ALL THK COURTS OF THE
If Stata. Spactal Ututnui givn It coitr. Uuus uU
prOCMUS MMT.
iu Odd r!Uw'a TapU. 14:2
O. roWKLU W. K. H1L.YK.C
POWfiLL & BILYEU,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
iuu twiiruvrs iu i uaurrrf
ALB41Y. ... OKKOO.
Collections promptly made on ail points.
Loans negotiated on reasonable terms.
rOflke iu Foster's Brick.-;
vMnlglf.
T. F. IIAtltl.EMAft,
AT TORN EYT LAW.
AL&UlkY, MUitV
VOOice np stairs ta tee Odd Fellow's
ajSnfiO
F. M. MILLER.
A r TO KNKY AT LAW
LGHAMOS OitKoO.
Will priute la nil the courts of ihs Stats.
tfttuft aUeuiHMt diwo to eutieetioas. sou
tyaurt t au4 xaniiuaUoa of Tltlea. Probate
saaioca a spesaatuy . vUaauU.
a a- a MnniM
am . s .in 1 1
iTfORNEY AND COUNSELOR AT LAW
0OQVALLI6, OBSaOM.
Will practice In all toe Conrta nt the State
CTOIBoe In tnaJJourt House
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Albts). tessa.
Will prar-tk in all the Charts of this
State. Special attention given to collec
tions. Office up stair in Froman'a new
brick. 2t
(JEOKuE W. BAetHES,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
AND
Notary Public,
lfa i nfi m A
Collections promptiy made on ail points.
E. B. SK1PWORTH,
aTTOMitv AeeavaexeK at uw as
SOTAKT FIBLK .
WILL practice in all courts of the State
All hauess intrusted to me promph
ly attended to.
Office in & Toole's Block, Broodatbln Street,
43yl Albany, Oretfou.
E. G. JOHNSOX, Jf, D
HOMEOPATHIC
Physician and Surgeon.
Albany, Oregon.
Office in Froman's Brick, two doors
East of Cos iter's Beak. n 10
T. VT. HARRIS, 91. D.
Office in Foster's Brick, next door to office
of Powell 6t Bilyeu.
Residence in the two-story frame building
on rtoutb side of Second street, one
Llo-k end a half East of
fbeeler t Picket's
Livery fcitable.
Albas) . " " re,ea.
voUCnljtt
" 1K. E. O. HYDE,
Physician and Surgeon.
OfficeJet Fosbav & Mason's.
Keetdeuce on Broadalbin St., Allsray, Or.
vlenl2tf J
JOBS & SMITH,
Albany, Oreon
OFFICE -td Fellow'" Temple, over
Pluuiim-f l.rtiSUire.
sAaafl
i7SrllAVI8fM. D.
AND
OBSTETRI0AN,
aiaaar regsa.
MjiSStalT" iu this sUf ai4ietn4ty. Office at 1
jsi wrtt 41 Court Uuiue. 40U
ALBAMi:
(JOLLEGtATE IKTITUTE
ALB JS Y, 4K.
TbHi Term will opi ou Wednes
tay, September lb, 1881.
For pkrticuktfa concerning tiuMunn of study and
pries ut tuitaou, kpuly to L
ket. cxstcjtT x. lesiaX Presiaewt.
IKET
State
VOL. XVI.
Wanted.
are con
stantly receiv
ing applications
from parties who
desire to rent
farms the coming1
season, and wish
to add to our list
of farms to rent.
If you want a
good renter the
coming season
leave a descrip
tion of your farm
with us. We can
send you one.
STEWART" GREY,
"DEMOCRAT BUILDING,"
ALBANY, 0B., July 27tb, 181.
J. W. BINTLEY,
Custom Boot A Shoe Maker.
SOOTS AND SHOES made to order,
and repairing done with neatness aud
atch, and at low prices. Call and see
him. First Street, Albany. 41yl
Oregon- Marble Works.
H. A. CLARK, Proprietor.
SAXUPACTVaER Of
MONUMENTS,
Tomb and Grave Stones,
Mantels, Table-Tope,
Waahstands, Etc
Alt kinds of cemetery wort done in Martdo, Fro
Sluoe and Grauiu. All work dou iu first-ctaM w l
aod at tS lowest rum.
OrWemt aide of Parry Street, between Second and
Third.
P H I A,t i...t Ktm.liiV nv ilu-triKrirni A innian-
era, and give my vUMtotuera tna Iwnaflt of tl 26 per
cent, cijrnudaaiun alluwad for aucli woik.
REVERE HOUSE,
Corner rirat sail EUawsrta Afaaajr, ereaoa.
Chas- Pfeiffer, Prop'r.
This new Holel ta fitted up in first claw style. Tables
supplied with the beat the market aflorda. Spniiy
Beds In evejry Koout. A food Sample Kooai for Cotu
merclal Travelers.
O'Free Comi h Iu aasl lYeat She Msl."aa
F08HAY & MASON,
- WHOUSLALK ASP KXTAlb
Druggists and Booksellers,
ALBAS Y, OKEtiOV.
vl6n41tf
NEW YORK SHOPPING!
SVarvhnrlv AnlicrhtAd with the tasteful
and beautiful selections made by Mrs. a-
mar, wno nas never laiieu 10 pieose uer
miMtomars. New Fall Circular just issued.
Send for it. Address
MRS. ELLEN LAM AK,
16:7tf 477 Broadway, New York.
vallis Fruit Co.
iase Plummer dried fruit at
rices:
La competent person to advise
as to cultivation or or au tu
rds;
fruit trees of oproved sorts
prices ; 4
Plummer Driers tbrouch Lins.
Lane counties.
be sent to CotvalllsFrt"' f,oc-
fvallis, BeutonlC'ounty, uregou,
'AUiis NaT', fresiaeut.
Fan
wE
Children
CRY
FOR
Pitcher's
Castoria,
Ketaer. like aad Pby.lriutJj
reoemmend it.
IT IS. NOT NARCOIi:.
CENTAL' K UNIMENTS ;
(ho World's trroat Pnin-LN -llcvhip
remetllos. Tht-y liful,
soot ho aud euro IS urn a,
Woundit, Weak Back nnd
JUieumatlKin upon Mm, and
sprains, Gall ttud JLamouc- s
Jtpou 1 toasts. Cheop, quioU
oatl rcllublo.
2
CPURTS of dlssusCnc Maen,
3unl&es, Crackling Palas la tbo
.lead. Fetid Breath, Deafsesk,
nd any Catarrhal CosaplaAnt,
(in be exterminated by Wei Do
foyer Catarrh Core, a Con.ti
..tloaal Antidote, by Absorp
o i Tba atost Important Di
. . ory idaee Vaocinatiesk
in
Fitters
reblr aed slrkly Prros
K. r their vitslitv by pumuins: a
7?Ttirseor lioatctrwr h Siomsvii ItitUtrs, the
most popular iuvigorant and alteraUve
medicine in use. General debilltv, fever
and acue, dvpeia, ont,Upaloii, rheu
matism, and other maladi are oompleftv
iy removed by it. Ask tUonn who have
used li what it ban done for them.
For sale by all druggists aud dealers
generally.
A BARGAIN !
Valuable Property for Sale.
THE ALDEN Fl;l IT DRYER,
ImHudlng the huihiiug and lots upon
whk:h it In situated, 1m for nale at a her-
en. There sre two drvers no I they can
sold separately. 1 in l w "l ot
portunity fur fruit raisers to w-ure the
beat dryer made, at a low price.
The lota are very valuable lyiiijr on the
liver front, ant having a railrosd ite?ai
ruuning by them. It Is a komI leeattoa
for a custom tlouriwg mill, foumlry, or
any surh buimwM.
For further arttcnlars cell en I he Froi.
dent or Secretary of the Company.
O. F. CRAWFORD,
I. C. Hick, l'rddeut.
Me-nptary. So
Aloauy Bath House.
'BSiJ- UNUEKolUNRD WOULD KKSPKCT
a tally isforoi lh cttitsaa of Albas aod vi
eioity tbat I bave taken cL.rKe .! ibis Kstablisb
Slant, and, by kaapiog clean rooms and payia
strict attsstioo to buviaasi, atpri t- suit al
tbose wb' may favor US wttti tbeir patrnaBa
Usviag baretofor earriad on iiobifaK but
First-Class Hair Dressing Saloons,
We expect to fiva entire in( , 1 n to si
0tf Cbildien itod hadier Matt neatly es
adsbaarooad. JOS WKbRkK.
&t fWi sack in mr own t.,n outfit
SPOOe"" rfrea. S rlk, IU-jvlt-r, if )uu want a
al wIik-Ii utrwum d eitlwr . mu nutke
reat nay all the Uni.ttn-y work, write for .arii. ul.rs
11. II ai.i.h i a j Portlantl, Maine.
Ma. J. H. Katkm, Newspaper A.vortlx
ing Agent, 41 Fark liow ('rime-. HuiMinK)
New Ymi' ai.borleii fo I'ontrsct for
advertisements in the Ikm.-kat st our
bet rates.
Zing of the Blood
Is not a "cure all it is a blood-purifier and tonic,
impurity of blood poisons the system, deransea
the circulation, and thus induces many disorders,
known by different names to distinguish thorn aa
cordlng to effect, but being really branches or
puaaasof that great generic disorder, Impurity
f Bleed. Such are Dypejmta. BfJtouaness, Liver
Complaint, Oonattoation, wrww LHsorderg. Head
ache, Backache, General Weakness, Heart Disease,
Dropsy, Kidney Disease, Hies, Uheumatiem, Ca
tarrh, Scrofula, Skin. THsordem, Pimples, Ulcers,
HweUmti, &o., &c ft ing of the Blood prevents
nod cures them- by attacking the cause. Impurity
of the Blood. Chemists and physicians agree In
calling it ' the nioit genuine ana efficient prepa
ration for the purpose." Sold by Druggists. t per
uome. oee leHuiuouiaJK, om-uuonx, c, in pam
phlet, "TraaftM tn Dlneases of the Blood,-
vrapped arountf each I ottle
P. K.l.iHUH, BOM it CO..
e.
Props., Baffala. N. I.
NEW BARBER SHOP !
J. H. SURLES, Prop'r.
A GOOD SF.A FOAM SHAMPOO goes
with each shave. Prices for .shaving
and hair-cutting same as usual. Rooms
opposite Mellwaiu's store. lOtf
JAMES 13 ANNALS,
MAMT.OnrKKR ASU UKALKB IS . '
FURNITURE H BEDDING.
aud Secoud Strcrta.
' " Jasaaaa'
lw-' sW . aeMBaaal VakaaHaaaW sfaaal
f
Rights
ALBANY, OREtiON,
4
ANNUAL ADDRESS:
A
OimiKt III JIBU JOIIV ltlllKM
Or celt 4 IMS, AT THE MTATk I tilt I
AT ittna, os riaautt, Jl-
It HIM. I MI
Mr ' r. td i,l mill T.iulif.n ttlitf Celt
Or turn . Having been invited by ttt
worthy President of our State Atfru-wl
t ura I Society to deliver the anouel ad
tit-ess upon tbe present occasion, 1 u;
peal More you to perfotut Unit pleaHuit
duly. The subject of agriculture hag
been so lnily discussed aad explored in 1
all of its different plans and bearings
iu the a Ureses that have been deliver
ed on eaoh annual meeting of the so
ciety, by the very ablo and distinguish
ed gentlemen who have proceeded me
that it would & presumption in me tofve to man dominion over all the
expect to say any thing new or of inter-
eat upon that subject; but 1 will make
a few HiigMptstioiis upon general topios,
that may t of some interest.
Iu the first place, then, allow me to
congratulate upon the foot that our lot
has been cast in this land of peace and
plenty, where we can build up our
homes iu security and aurround our
sekva with the comforts and conven
i ncrs of life, and are placed in a situs
tion to enjoy all of life that there is
worth living foi ; and the men end wo
men and childien that gather in each
year from all ortions of our state at
our annual fairs for the purpose of so
ciul intercourse and iuterobage of ideas,
aud to witness the exhibitions of tine
stock, to view the products of the farm,
orchard and garden, as well as the
handiwork of the uisuufacturer, in alt
the varied branches of that industry,
demonstrates the fact that we are rear
ing up a race of men and women in
this "land of the aettiug sun," thst
will vie with tbe world iu point of
physical development and intellect
uat wer.
The gaaud and beautiful scenery of
our state, that meets the eye on every
band, is enough to stir th emotions of
the human mind to their utmost dsdhs
and will, in the course of lime, pro
duee in our midst )Kets slnl orators
MftlniTSJslltfJ in the world. "A thine
of leant y is a joy forever," and ss I
gare neon the grand and lofty mount
ami i n.i i encompass our homes, with
Hoed ami JeBslpOfl 0Ol m with etei
al snow, sud stauding like sentinels
on the rock riblssl ruouulsius that di
vide op State, looking down uim litis
beautiful valley, my soul u .. in un
apeak able rapture to the great Kuler of
the Universe. Kit the possession of this
magnificent domain we owe a lasting
debt of gratitude to our piout-ere who
Uro (he privations and hardahi, and
in. ufied tbe danger incident to" their
emigration, that they might spy out
this uootllv laud for us and lor our
phildreri for an inheritance forever.
Like the Pilgrim fathers t&ey were
animated by that spirit ot bravery, truth
sud justice that ally n.eu ta Jod, and
tbouoh Hot driveu from their native
land by the hand of iwrsecution, yet w
liud in the circumstances alOuidiiig
their coruiug, and in tbeir traite of
character many things thst are similar.
Their stifi'eiings, their labors, their vir
lues, their attachment to those princi
pies of civil and religtms !ibsity of
which they 1st 1 the foundations deep
aad ntioug alter encountering tbe dan
gers of tbe ocean, tbe storms of boa veil,
the violeuce of savages, diseaso and
famine, are as familiar to us as house
hold words, and have engraven their
names upon memory 'a scroll, with "let
ters, of gold in pictures of silver."
That band of brave men aa1 women
are fast passing away every year their
ranks are becoming thinned by the hand
ot drath, and soon the last one will
have paid the penalty of existence and
pa sod to their final rest. Let ns cher
ish theui as our best friends, and show
to the world that we are not unworthy
of tbe great inheritance they have giv
en us; and though no sculptured mar
ble or engraven brass may proclaim
tbeir worth, yet the humblest sod of
their adopted state bedecked by the
treasures of nature aud beautified hy
the dews of heaven is a prouder monu
ment than tbe mightiest monarch of
earth can boast.
Being blessed with one of tbe finest
countries that has ever been the sub
ject of God's alimony to man, we are
equally blessed with one of tbe best
Governments on the habitable globe.
Its foundations are laid deep and
Strang on nutural justice and etpial
rights by a written constitution which
has excited the wonder and admiration
of the whole 'world, aud is to-day a
beacou-light to struggling humanity, in
every place where the iron heel of
tyranny and wealth in pressing the
ueck of the pour sud dueu trodden.
Never can we sufficiently admire
those great rneu, h-a led by Washing
ton himself, who, by their ability,
patriotism aud love of the human acre,
gave to us our glorious constitution
and thereby secured to us and our
children's children and their posterity
forever, if we are but true to ourselves,
the blessing of a free Government !
Our constitution ought to he read and
studied more than it is.
It is probably less read and less un
derstood than any other boot except
the Bible.
It ought to be made a text book in
the schools ; our children ought to be
taught to read it and understand it as
they grow up, and in view of the fact
that woman suffrage is fast becoming
a factor in political science, the ladies,
no doubt, will take more interest in a
subject which has heretofore been sup
posed to belong exclusively to men.
A well-educated, self-reliant people are
the main stay of tbe Government
No intelligent people were ever enslav
ed, and if tbe people of this country act
intelligently, and use the power placed
in their hands by a beneficent form of
Government, they will not became
"hewers of wood and drawers of water"
for the great corporations and combin
ed capitaMme country, ami
aresAsaaa aaaAt direc
I ItlDAY, JULY
"Tl.
Thi W aslta uor muatud gate.
f nor cities proud with suiraa sod tarreta
crow sad
''Nor starred and suangled coasts
"Wham Isw holu haauueas wafta js-rfuuio
to prulo
"Hut uicu, higb nuudad men
"VVhothoir.lutiaakiiow but know thuir riplita
4 ' Aud kuvwinjj, dam maiutaui thsm
Governments sre created for tbe
(ametit of tbe people and the otfoere
fhrreel aie the set vants ot the iieoplu,
pud our government ought to bs so ad-
rauiistered as to be the k1""1"'1 bene.
(It to the greateat iniino. r, but unfor
tuhntelf it is not always so.
Upon ownership of the soil lent the
foundation of olf ihwd society and all
LeneGcia! governuieut. In tho begiun
log of the world, we are informed by
holy writ tbat tbe all bountiful Creator
earth and over the fish of the sea, and
over the fowls of the air, aud over
every living thing tbat ruoveib upon
the earth, and trough it is interest
iug aud instructive to tra;e out the
ditlierent forms and manner of holding
and owning property, and especially real
estate, from tbe time tbat "Abraham
diga well," down through the
Korean law of allowing only six acres
to a man, the allodial system of tbe
middle Ages, the feudal tenures of the
Normans, aud the modern English ten
ures, to our own liberal system of land
titles, I would nut be justified iu tak
ing up your time in discussing these
quest ious only so fr as they throw
light upon the ilea 1 am trying to
place before you.
As the world by degrees grew more
popular, aays Mr. Jilackstoue, it be
came necessary to puisne Home regular
method of providing constant subsis
tence ; and this necessity produced, or
at least promoted sud eocoursged, the
art of agriculture. And tbe art of
agriculture by a regular connection aud
consequence 'ntroduced an I establish
ed tbe idea of a more permanent prop
City in the soil lhau had hitherto been
recalved. It was clear lhat the earth
would not produce ber fruits in auUi
cient tpisiililies, without tbe assistance
of tillage, but who would Is al tbe
paiu ot tilling it if another might
wsich his opportunity to aciiupoii
and viijoy the product of hia industry,
art and labor. Had not iheic.ie a
Separate piOeiiy ifi laada as well sa
movables been vestal in ue individu
als the woi Id Moat In., i! irmud a
foittai and men lnv- !. u m oo ani
mals of prey, whores it-av, an gracaius
If has jirovidmv mtai woroi utir duty
and out ii. ,.,. .ojf'icT. the icoi
of this very m ctSMtt,) baa Is-eii the IsJiBe
bliog of the huutan apm-iee by giving re
opKrluuitiea ol improving iti internal
fsofkios al ISiM a axiliug its out weal.
Necessity begot piojMMty, so I In or
der to insure lhat pnqa-iiy i io
was had to civil society wbh h brought
along with it a long train ol ioecjssjr
able concomitants states, governmr-nts,
laws, punishments and the pstfcjic ex
ercises of religious dutica. Tima con
nected together it was found luet a
part only of society waa sufncioul to
provide by their unusual labor for thu
necessary railmistaneo of all, ami leisure
was given to other to cultivate tbe
human mind, to invent useful ait
and to lay tbe foundations of science.
We find tbat carrying out the theory
of self government iu its truest sense,
in this country a course waa eaily pui
sued of visiting title in tbe land to tbe
people, making lb tun tillers of the Soil
and pillars of the Government by
grsnling to them the right of pre
emption ou the public domain, by
which a man might pre-empt ami become
tbeowuer of 1 acre of land at the
nominal price of $1 25o per acre.
This was after wtrJs followed by tbe
Homestead act, giving to each head of
a family 160 acres of laud, as a home
for himself and family, te be free from
execution for any debu contracted
prior to his obtaining a palent therofer
from the Government. The early
settlers of this state waa favored with
a very liberal land law, passed iu 1S5U
by which every settler on tho public
land was granted one section, er six
hundred and forty acres of land, oue
half to himself and the other half to his
wife in her own right. Here we find
the dignity and personality of woman
recognized in a substantial inanuei,ud
her rights to property placed upon the
same footing and secared as complete
ly to her as those Ot the man. This
provision of the donation aot is one of
the strongoit arguments 1 have seen in
favor of woman's rights and entitles
the.iulhors of thsAdaw to ilia gratitude
of every man aud woman in Oregon,
for it baa enabled tunny mother to
support herself and fanuiy uud educate
her children tu a respectable manner,
and even provide lor an improvident
husband in his declining years. To
those who d not believe in the capa
bilities of woman J ask to point a
siugle instauce in which this bounty 'of
the Government has not boeu more
carefully guarded and mure beneficially
used by ibe woman than the man,'
where she had the saum opportunities
of mauaging sud controlling it that he
had.
Other liberal arauLs of laud were
sW
made to our .State in favor ot the in
terests that this socioty represents.
Beotions ntitaber 16 and 36 iu every
township were set apart and received
fof the use of the common schools.
Seventy two seotioas were granted to
the State for the support of a State
University, and ninety thousand seres
were granted to found and sustain an
agricultural college. These grants of
land have been welt utilized by our
State ; our common schools are equal
to any in states of no greater popula
tion or wealth. Oiir State University
and Agricultural College are a source
of pride to every inhabitant of . tho
State. Those institutions under their
able and efficient management are edu
cating aud sending forth into tbe world
a band of young men and women who
wilt hJLn honor to them and the state.
Bemarrat
1881.
The agricultural interests hao not
received the consideration to which they
ate entitled in fjie late legislation of the
country. The main industry that lies
ui the bottom of, and is the foundatiot
of, every other pursuit and calling,
seems to have but few friends in the
legislative Halls of tho country.
And commerce, which should be
tbe4hsndmaid of agricnlture, and if b it
free would be, is so clogged and ham
fsjred by legislation that hhj is very
little help to that great evocation to
which wo all look for our bread and
butter, and to day the fstroorsof Ore
gon are suffering for the Hal of free
ahipsaad fne trade.
As I have before remarket! egricul
ture is the greatest among the arts, for
it is the first in supplying oar nocessi
lies. "It is the mother tfnd nurse of
all other arts. It favois and atreugth
ens imputation ; it creates and main
tains manufacture", gives employment
to usviga'.iou and materials to com
merce. It animates every aistcies of
irdustry and opens to nations the surest
cbsunels of opulence. Jt is also the
strongest bond of well regulated so
ciety,tbc surest basis of etavMsJ peace."
Of the fifty millions of eople in the
United Htstes it is estimated thst at
least one-half ol them or twenty five
millions, are engaged in agriculture!
pursuits, thus demom.tr at ing the fact
that ibe American laimeis are the
backbone of the great American Re
public. They own moat of its soil;
they hsve created most of its wealth,
and they form tho most numurous and
influential body among its jejpuiatiou.
J hell why is It thst their interests have
not o lily been neglected, but unueces
ssry and unjust btirdena bay been im
posed upon them ' The ainwer is that
lhat they have failed to exercise the
xiwerthey bold iu tbeir own baud-'.
I.'-! them, while devo'ing a largo
(Million of their time to working their
faints so as to make tl. m the most
profitable, to studying tic Ut miuucr
of plowing, fallowing, sub-oiiiug, drain
ing aud manuring, so as to produce the
bct crops snd save their land from be
coming too much imKv-iifched; give a
i ttie attention to the qnoatiun of how
to secure the l-t market aud the lrt
price for their produce, ami alao how
to procuio the liecesarics of life the
'. i..,. . Theae are queslioua (hit
color bono- to every one of us with
greater huci iN-rhaps this ear lhau
ever h-l'..ic, aud am ol thu greatest im-
perUitee.
Oue of the great.: t benefits to be Urv
rivd fa.... our State Fair is that men
gaher here from all or lions of the
atata, and a free inter change ' thouguf
i.ti all these important
latrvt pluce among eop
prot-asi..nr snd calling, but
Ibe farmers, free from stir po!i icl ex-
( i:.-iocnt or rartian hi.i4ent it 'musf
finally result in great good to those ru a-t
interested. And the same may be
said of other i.Ut.-s iu which ibeir great
annual fail a have become very attract
ive and beueticisi, not only to their
own people but to the entire Union, for
fairs, like many other institutions, have
somewhat changed in their cbsracter
since they were first founded. We find
that they were originally 'a gathering
for the purchase and sale of goods or
hiring of servants, and lhat the ancient
Greeks held fairs in connection with
popular assemblies for (olitical pur
posea. In our own couutry they are
held riot only for competitive exhibi
tion, but they are tbe great schools that
are educating the farmers to "know
their rights and dare roaiulain them "
When we look abroad in our own
state we see that tbe groat b.xiy of (am
ple are euiraqed in farming ami stock
raising. We also see thst their pres
ent financial condition is not thu la-st
in the world (too many farms moi t
gsged) and their future prospects not
the brightest; we slao see that fur them
to le able to pay oil these moi l gages
and be prosperous they most diqiend on
a foreign market for a remunerative
price for their produce. It seems to
be a part of the divine economy and a
very material iletu in political economy
that oue Krtiou of the world should
produce bread for another. The United
States is said to be the granary of tbe
world; and since an American horse
won tbe great national race of England
at Derby, and another American horse
won the great French race, and all the
loose change there was circulating among
our French and English cousins, we
have a right to claim that we. have the
best stock and are a little the fastest
people in the world. Ev-ry American
feels a just pride iu the snooess of
American horses on the English and
French turf. All honor to Lorilltrd
and Keene for the energy and piuck
they have shown iu putting AuieOcan
horses in the lead.
When Oregon, which already raises
the best wheat that is shipped, Con
tains a population of two millions of
people (which is only a question of
time) she will cut no sum II figure in
the amount she will furnish to make up
thu grand total of supply that will be
furnished by the New World to the
Old.
liut it is to the preseut condition of
affairs to which I desire to attract your
attention :
The following table of exporting aad
importing wheat taken from the VF7
lamette Farmer will show the condition
of the different countries on the subject
as to the demand pnd supply for the
pust year :
EXPORTING COl XTMKS.
Bushel.
The United States i SOO.000,000
CaiiaJa 4,000,000
Australia and New Zealand Iu.0u0.000
Austria. Hunirar and Southern Enrol lj.000,000
Chill and India 12,000,000
Ktfjrptand Algeria
Russia 15,000,000
Total ,2o2,000,000
laPORTIXO COUKTBIES.
The United Klnirdom 128,000,000
France 40,000.000
Hellaud and Belgium lt,000,000
SwlUterlaud 7.HU0.H0O
11-rms.nr 15,000.000
Suain and PoriaSral. . iwO.ooo
Mi
NO. 5ft
It will b seen a', a glance that Eog
land is our best customer. Hhe needs
the surpluH tliHt we have to sell, and
for which we must find a market , for
we have no home market. lsik at
the condition f things to-day iu our
mid,t. Wheat is only worth about 60
cts per bushel in the central Willamette
Valley snd SOCU or less jer bushel in
Sunt loon and Eastern Oregon, sod
every practical farmer kuows thst there
is no profit for him at tlut pi ice. Th
least thst wheat can be raised lor in
Oregon snd afierd a reasonable profit
to tbe farmer, considering the high
price ot Isbor, expenrc ol hsrvirstinv.
and accidents, incident to that busmesa
as well as every other, is 75 cents per
bushel, and we ought to be able to
realize that price aud more todsy, if
we nan sn equal chsnce st tfi grest
grain market of the world, aud were
not handicapped by ,he biind,miserable
policy pursued by our Is maiker'.
This idea is well illustrated by the LA
lowing from the Orntfonimn, a leading
journal of this state:
There are phases of our foiei n
trade which deserve the attention and
consideration of those who would main
tain lhat isdicv of prohibition and ex
clusion whic'i mnuiui" protection.
We want to -el! to Great liritain f.,r
she is the thiefV customer for onr
agricultural products. Our prcajterity
deprsnds on our selling to ksjr. ; Wff
intentionally prohibit ner from seMa
to us. Readers hsve douht.Y oltcrv
ed that of late there has Ui u reiortcd
a steady movement of coin from Eurojte
to the United Stat. This simply
means tbat in order to pay her shshts
to America, Great Britain m iat make
two exchanges instead of one. VV will
not take ltritiah goods, aud fliilisJl
goods must be ao'.d iu other markets
in order to realise the money balances
hcJed to settle British debts here. It
it not K j. thst this makes it the
interest ot Greet Britain to look as far
as possible to oilier countries for the
supplies sbe wsnts t Our prosperity
is confessedly the lesult f expotimg
the surplus of our crojjs, chiefly to
Great Britain. But suppose Giv.it
Britain should encourage more exten
sion tdlage and cheaper transportation
iu olfcci agricultural countries, ami put
herself in a jHitioo to diacriminste
si.iiiitt our product i a. we do against
her. This la not an ' imposri
bie consetpteuce. It is an error to
iinmagine tha. Gn at Britain must al
ways be dup-id-iit for food supply
upon the United S ates. Extension of
the railway svstem of Russia, and de
velopment . ! I-, . a,'i j -ultural resouxcoe
of Australia and Gansd would in a
to bec mu; so in J.
t of us tlT g, luhfht Jav s
fV-4jf,t ou our food nrodueta Th is
would be a perfect !t fsir and just way
of teaching ustlut ourinttc-psta requite
reciprocal trade. We cannot tell to
the best advantage to a country unless
we buy of thst country. Thia, in a
large degree, explains what the matter
is with us here at the present time.
Wevantto sell our wheat to Great
Brit; hi and she is tbe only customer
who can take it. And we want iu
turn goods which she baa to sell. But
the exchsuge is bsmpereJ, aud even
virtually prohibited by a system Which
oppresses ua for the benefit of tbe east
eiu manufactonsri. This is too)luu
for dispute or argument. To state thu
case is to prove it. Before us is tbe
Eondou abippino; and Mercantile
Gazetto of Nov. 1 which contains an
article reminding American readers
that Great Britain already has statutes
to enable her to meet by reprisals our
prohibit iou ef British hhips and goods.
By their statutes power is giveu Her
Majesty, the tjueen, in cases where it
shall appear tbat British ships are
either directly or indirectly subject in
any foreign couutry to duties or charge
of any kind from which the national
vessels of such country are excepted or
whereBritim trade is not placed by
such couutry, upon as advanrageous
a footing as tbat of tbe most favored
nation, to impose like, or other disa
bilities, upon tbe trade of that country
with potU of the United Kingdom.
Owing to the extreme loyalty wbich
succesaive governments of Great Brit
ain have borne to the principles of free
trade, these statutes bave never been
enforced, but foreign states which are
dispose..! to place British trade at a dis
advantage are advised to take note that
the tower exists and may be exercised
whenever the British goverument may
see tit to resort to it. But in fact by
our poitcv of exclusion we aie hurting
ourselves more than we hurt Great
Britatu. A ptopie situated as we are
here, whose prosperity depends on
selling their surplus crops, and who
must sell to (JieMt Britatu if they sell
at all, ought to le able without any
diiiculty to see that a policy which
prohibits or impedes the exchange
they desire is a policy that oppresses
them."
The theory that the agricultural and
laboring interests of the country, must
be taxed to build up and support the
manufacturing interests, and that the
farmer, mechanic and laborer, must
pay a heavy duty ou all that he wears
or uses in his business, was, in tbe be
ginning sustained on the ground that
it was necessary to aid those industries
to compete while in their infancy with
foreign and the skilled labor of the
old country. Whatever force that
argument once had it certainly has
none now, aud the idea that tbe farm
ing interests are to be continued to be
oppressed with unnecessary and unjust
burdens is unreasonable and ought not
to be submitted to by a class that torn
pose fully twenty five millions or more
than halt ot our entire population
There is another erroneous idea that has
prevailed to a large extent and has
governed some writers on political
economy, and tbat ia that the nor
mal condition of Nations is tbat of
war with each other, and that we
mustbe al
RATES OF ADVERTIMNO:
-T1
..
I 1 K
fslfl at fx Iti
5 ft nr
b 7 1J It)
111 tU
1 12 ra7 te rr
9 V V.r
12 1ft 30 4ft
15 25 4o (HI
W SO 10 (a i
1
2 t
0
4
0
fspartft! business aoticcft In Iywar ''!
iimns 2 cents per line. Regular ha-al
notices 10 cents per line.
For lKal and transient acrvcrtircrnept,
91 o per nqnare for the first inaertion snd
50 cents per srjuare for each aulsefptefrt
Insertion.
That all differences will b settled ' rt
negotiation and arbitration Thst tb
civilired and enlightened tuitions of t e
earth will be bound fr-ffth-r . i-rio
ciple of self-interest and liberal rtsite.
mansbip into a brotherhood that will
prevent foreign wata e Hftri
that all articles of produce and
fact u re will i,e fieely exchanged with
out restrictbr;, sh the interests of the
people of all countries demand Twt
the principle of taw pfawmssiiow it,
grsined in man's nature will give a
force and meaning, te the Peace on
earth and good wnl tMeMg men lhat
has never b.-fore then attvhe I to it,
ami bring it home to ih business snd
bosoms of the toiling miUions of the
earth.
I here is another iuetiot of viui
illioortinci! to th fruiera uf I Iri-'r.m
somewhat connected with the matters
I bave been referring to, aid that is the
carrying trade ; both by water and by
land. J bis is a subject that is attract
ing attention all over the country, u.
Congress snd out of it, snd a unmbei
of seeches have been made 'ru the -nib
ject and a number of very able articles
written and pubhalnxl in the prominent
magsz.ass of the cr untry ; crn mg
them are the stieeches of r.- .a' ,i,
Beck snd B.'ain in the United StstM
Senste, snd the article of John Roach,
the great ship builder, in the May
number 1 181) of tbe XoirthTti Ameri
emn ffSeesaVj and an answer to i'. in the
June number by W. G. Summer, Pro-
irwvi in j sic wonri:;. r rom in
r. . . . v' i . . it ..
diuVrent speeches and .-i :;clea it ap(ears'
to him clearly established thst our
country has lot her standing aa a
commercial power, and that the rarry
ing tradH is now main!" in the handx
of EogiamJ, and Brit tali bottoms an
doing the principal part of the csrr-
iug for the world.
That Americans need ships there is
no one disputes : During tbe year
ending June 30ih, 1880, the value of
our expons and imports was $1,539,-
h 2.0'JJ, of which foreign ship earr:.:
l,301f,5GC,49C and American ships
e280.tK)5,4V7, or only 17.0 ler em.
In 18G0 of exports aud imports valued
at 702,2 H8,5oO, American siupa
carried fi6.5 per cent, leaving to let
eign ships ksat S. 0 jer cent. So m.. h
of a revolution has taken place in oi
position as ocean carriets since the b-:
giuniug of our civil war. From 187U
to lri.Ht) uur export trade increased ove ,
4XJ pe- cent, and if it should increaoc
at one-hslf tbat rate for ttie next ten
yeats our suiplus proiuets retiuiriug
ship transportation would exceed 22, -000,000
tons. We ahould not for a
moment think of letting a foreigner
t v . a a a
carrv them lor us on u- , .
should we on the ocean f
carry our fair proiortion ot' them
Then we must have ships and ostgha tu
build them. If we do not adopt a
1 ..!; to do so now when shall arc be
gin 1 On the safe delieiy ot to
products in the world's marked Mud
on the cash returns de)end.s. our linen
cial stability."
There is a great difference of opin
ion as to the tet meant, of misincr
the ship building icterest in the
United State,?.ai regaining our oras
er proud position in the carry ir- - b
on the high seas. Some of tbe writ
ers and speakers on this subject i-biiu,
that the only way it can l doi e is
by the Government graining !lier.i
subsidies for tbat purpose. Other
claim that if the duty was removed
from iron, steel, cordage, aad every
article tbat goes Into a ebip, hi that
our people could be placed upon tbe
same footing with the ship builders
on tbe Clyde, we could soon whiten
tbe ocean with American Mils us of
old, aod that taxing farmers again to
force the production of .-hip-, uml
taxing farmers again to pay subsidies
to enable protected -hips to do bu-i-ness,
is not tbo way to make the
country rich. No doubt every one
would be glad to see all of out ships
built at house,' but whatever may be
the correct view of that questiou,
what more directly interests our peo
ple is the question of cheap transpor
tation. The scarcity of vessels and
the high prices of freight have beeu
mere oppressive to the farmers of
Oregon than-those of any other tate
in the Union, and utile - something
can bo done to increase the amount of
shipping, and cteate a healthy com
petition in water carriage so us to al-
a aa
low mo proaucer a reasonable com
pensation for his labor, he v ill con
tinue to 6tiffer from the coin blunt ious
of capital acraiiist him in that dii
tion tbat he does from
narions tnai control tne
t. a a.l
so forcibly portrayed
r . l. . ......, -l.i
ni l IIIM IMI'I' . II o
Master of tbo S:ate
State :
wool market showed au
mr mf
s loru'o iiti - a vr s ni as wmm nst;
h ip i its i ill iruivnr. rr lr ir,,i
Francisco to New York, thereby lay
ing a tax on the wool shipped from
the Columbia river of not less than
seventy thousand dollars, and putting
down the price of all sold for home
consumption one cent per peui.ts.
This levy alone cost tho farmers of
tha Pacific coast a half million of dol
lars." It would seem that there ought to
be a power and authority to prevent
the railroad companies from combin
ing together and raising the price of
freight as their avarice or feelings oi"
revenge may dictate. If a man is
granted theprivilegeof keeping a ferr
although he builds his own boats and
interferes with no man's property or
possessions, yet his tolls are fixed by
aw, so that he cannot oppress the
people by high rates of ferriage,
hough there nay be no other ferry
in miles of his. I bave an abiding
faith in the power of the people to
protect themselves from injustice and
oppression, from whatever quarter ii
nay come, and I knew they will ex-
! it whenever it beeomes neces-
ijSec'y.